A method suitable for cultivating a large number of blueberry seedlings in factories

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method suitable for factory-based cultivation of a large number of blueberry seedlings. The method collects fully mature blueberry seeds and performs the following operations: (1) screening and soaking; (2) mechanical grinding; (3) low-temperature induction; and (4) variable temperature cultivation. The method is suitable for factory-based cultivation of a large number of blueberry seedlings. The operation is simple. Mechanical grinding and variable temperature induction can quickly induce blueberry seed germination. No sand storage or chemical reagent induction is required. The method is green, environmentally friendly, low-cost and high-efficiency. It is suitable for large-scale seedling cultivation such as blueberry hybrid breeding and seedling selection. It is an effective method for quickly obtaining a large number of blueberry seedlings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of botany, and in particular relates to a method suitable for cultivating a large number of blueberry seedlings in a factory. Background Art

[0002] Blueberry is a perennial deciduous or evergreen shrub of the genus Vaccinium in the family Ericacoye (Yin Dejie et al., 2013). Blueberry fruits are rich in anthocyanins, and the fruit colors are light blue, bright blue, dark blue, etc. The ripe fruit is sweet and sour and delicious. It has health benefits such as beauty, anti-cancer, anti-aging, and eye protection. It has very high economic value and development prospects (Hu et al., 2009; Siddiq et al., 2017). There are about 400 species of blueberries in the world. Blueberries have high planting benefits and huge market potential. At present, they have become the fastest growing fruit tree species in the world (Li Yadong, 2022). my country has 90 species of Vaccinium plants, 28 subspecies and variants, which are distributed all over the country, mainly growing in the northeast, southwest and south China (Zhong Xinyao, 2014; Wang Xiaomin et al., 2021).

[0003] According to the natural conditions of different production areas in my country, selecting and breeding fresh-eating high-quality varieties to replace traditional old varieties, especially cultivating high-quality varieties with independent intellectual property rights, realizing the renewal of old varieties and the improvement of blueberry production are crucial links to ensure the healthy development of my country's blueberry industry in the future (Li Yadong, 2022).

[0004] Seedling selection and hybrid breeding are important means of cultivating new blueberry varieties, and seedling breeding is the basis for cultivating hybrid or seedling offspring. However, most of the highbush and rabbiteye blueberries reported so far have to be stored in sand or treated with gibberellin (GA 3 ) to treat seeds. The treatment time varies from 30min to 24h depending on the variety, and the treatment concentration varies from 100 to 1000mg / L, but the germination rate is also 5% to 85% (Liu Youchun, 2018; Yang Chunyu, 2014). Blueberry seeds are important materials for breeding, and their characteristics are high bush or rabbit eye type, which cannot be identified at present. Because of the uniqueness of seeds, each seed may be the basic material for breeding excellent varieties. Therefore, there is no condition for GA 3 In order to remove the barrier of seed coat to seed germination, concentrated sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate, sodium hypochlorite and other chemical reagents are often used for treatment. However, blueberry seeds are small, and chemical reagent treatment can easily damage the inside of the seeds. In addition, the large amount of concentrated sulfuric acid and GA 3Chemical reagents such as chlorinated polyols are also not in line with the current green and environmentally friendly agricultural modernization development purpose. Today, the breeding of new blueberry varieties faces huge challenges. The workload of seedling cultivation is large, and the sowing amount of a single batch ranges from tens of thousands to millions of seeds. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a method suitable for factory-based cultivation of a large number of blueberry seedlings. The present invention is simple to operate, and innovatively develops a method for rapid induction of blueberry seed germination by mechanical uniform grinding and coordinated variable temperature cultivation. The present invention does not use chemical reagents for induction, has the advantages of green environmental protection, low cost and high efficiency, is suitable for large-scale seedling cultivation such as hybrid breeding and seedling selection, and is an effective method for quickly obtaining a large number of blueberry seedlings. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the defects in the prior art and provide a method suitable for cultivating a large number of blueberry seedlings in a factory.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method suitable for cultivating a large number of blueberry seedlings in a factory, characterized in that the method for cultivating blueberry seedlings comprises the following steps:

[0007] (1) Screening and soaking: Pass the blueberry seeds through a 30-mesh sieve to remove impurities and incomplete seeds, and then soak them in acidic pure water with a pH of 4.5-5.5 and a temperature of 30-40°C for 60-120 minutes.

[0008] (2) Mechanical grinding: Prepare fine river sand, pass it through a 20-mesh sieve to remove large particles, add acidic pure water with a pH of 4.5-5.5 to make the water content of the river sand 15-20%, mix the seeds in step (1) with the river sand in a volume ratio of 1:1-1:2, place them in a 500-1000 ml conical flask, place it in a shaker, and mechanically grind it for 30-60 minutes at room temperature.

[0009] (3) Low temperature induction: Place the mixture of seeds and sand in step (2) in a 3°C refrigerator for 3-5 days.

[0010] (4) Variable temperature cultivation: The blueberry seeds in step (3) are sown in plug trays and placed in a smart greenhouse for cultivation. The cultivation conditions are 20-25°C during the day, 3000-5000 lx of light, and 12-16°C at night, in the dark.

[0011] (5) Fertilizer and water management: Water thoroughly after sowing and cover with film to keep moisture. When the seeds have two true leaves, remove the film and maintain the air humidity at 55-65%. When the seeds have two true leaves, maintain the air humidity at 30-40%. Apply 1-3‰ full-nutrient compound fertilizer every 7 days until the seedlings are 5-10 cm tall and can be transplanted from the nursery.

[0012] The blueberry seeds in step (1) are derived from highbush, rabbiteye blueberry varieties or hybrid fruits of highbush and rabbiteye varieties, dried naturally in the shade, and have a moisture content of 10-15%. In step (2), a mixed volume of blueberry seeds and river sand is placed in a conical flask with a volume of 200-400m3, and the shaking speed is 150-200 R / min. In step (4), the sowing matrix is ​​a 1.5-2.0cm thick vermiculite layer at the bottom with a particle size of 5-8mm, and the middle is a mixed matrix of imported peat: vermiculite: coconut bran with a volume ratio of 3:2:1 and a thickness of 5cm. The top layer is 0.4-0.8mm coconut bran. The blueberry seeds are sown between the mixed matrix and the coconut bran, and the sowing density is 500-1000 seeds / m 2 .

[0013] In some embodiments, it is more preferred that in step (2), the seeds larger than 20 mesh (including 20 mesh) are mixed with river sand at a volume ratio of 1:2 to form 400 ml, placed in a 1000 ml conical flask, placed in a shaking table, and mechanically ground for 60 min at 150 R / min under room temperature; the seeds smaller than 20 mesh are mixed with river sand at a volume ratio of 1:1 to form 400 ml, placed in a 1000 ml conical flask, placed in a shaking table, and mechanically ground for 30 min at 200 R / min under room temperature.

[0014] In some embodiments, it is preferred that in step (4), the blueberry seeds are sown in the plug tray, the bottom is covered with a 2.0 cm thick layer of vermiculite, the vermiculite particle size is 8 mm, the middle is a mixed matrix of imported peat: vermiculite: coconut bran, the volume ratio is 3:2:1, the thickness is 5 cm, the top layer is 0.5 mm coconut bran, and the blueberry seeds are sown between the mixed matrix and the coconut bran, and the sowing density is 800 seeds / m 2 The culture was placed in an intelligent greenhouse with the culture conditions of 20-25°C during the day, 3000-5000lx of light, and 12-16°C at night, in dark culture.

[0015] More specifically, the method for obtaining and cultivating blueberry seedlings of the present invention is aimed at the large-scale cultivation of blueberry seedlings in factories such as blueberry hybrid breeding and seedling selection. Specifically, it comprises the following operations: (1) screening and soaking: collecting blueberry seeds from highbush, rabbiteye blueberry varieties or hybrid fruits of highbush and rabbiteye varieties, naturally drying in the shade, and having a water content of 10-15%, passing through a 30-mesh sieve to remove impurities and unfilled seeds, and then soaking them in acidic pure water with a pH of 4.5-5.5 and 30-40°C for 60-120 minutes. (2) Mechanical grinding: Prepare fine river sand, pass it through a 20-mesh sieve to remove large particles, add acidic pure water with a pH of 4.5-5.5 to make the water content of the river sand 15-20%, mix the seeds in step (1) with the river sand in a volume ratio of 1:1-1:2, place them in a 500-1000ml conical flask, place them in a shaking table, and grind them mechanically for 30-60 minutes at room temperature at 150-200 R / min. (3) Low temperature induction: Place the mixture of seeds and sand in step (2) in a 3°C refrigerator for 3-5 days. (4) Variable temperature cultivation: The blueberry seeds in step (3) are sown in a plug tray. A layer of 1.5-2.0 cm thick vermiculite with a particle size of 5-8 mm is laid at the bottom of the plug tray. In the middle is a mixed matrix of imported peat: vermiculite: coconut bran with a volume ratio of 3:2:1 and a thickness of 5 cm. The top layer is 0.4-0.8 mm coconut bran. The blueberry seeds are sown between the mixed matrix and the coconut bran at a sowing density of 500-1000 seeds / m 2 , place the seeded plug tray in the intelligent greenhouse for cultivation, and the cultivation conditions are 20-25℃, 3000-5000lx light during the day, and 12-16℃, dark cultivation at night. (5) Fertilizer and water management: water once after sowing, cover with film to keep moisture; remove the film when the seeds show 2 true leaves, and maintain the air humidity at 55-65%; when the seeds grow 2 true leaves, maintain the air humidity at 30-40%, and irrigate with 1-3‰ full-nutrient compound fertilizer every 7 days until the seedlings are 5-10cm tall and can be taken out of the nursery.

[0016] The blueberry seeds induced by the invention begin to germinate after 10 days, the germination rate after 30 days is greater than 90%, and the seedling rate after 60 days is greater than 95%.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0018] 1. The present invention innovatively develops a method for rapid induction of blueberry seed germination by mechanical uniform grinding and temperature induction. The present invention does not use chemical reagents for induction and has the advantages of being green, environmentally friendly, low-cost and high-efficiency.

[0019] 2. The seed screening and soaking, mechanical grinding, low-temperature induction and variable temperature cultivation of the present invention can all assist machine operation, greatly improving work efficiency, saving time and labor, and are suitable for hybrid breeding, seed selection and other factory-based large-scale seedling cultivation work.

[0020] 3. The present invention screens key factors such as the volume ratio of mechanically ground seeds to sand, the rotation speed of a shaking table and time to confirm the optimal volume ratio, grinding speed and time, effectively removing the barrier of the seed coat to the development of blueberry seeds and shortening the germination time of blueberry seeds. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0022] Test materials

[0023] Example 1

[0024] Seed to sand volume ratio screening

[0025] The seeds obtained from natural pollination of the blueberry variety Chandler were used as the material. The seeds were mixed with river sand in a certain volume ratio, placed in a 500 ml conical flask, placed in a shaker, and mechanically ground for 30 min at 180 R / min under room temperature conditions. The seeds were placed in a 3°C refrigerator for 3 days and then placed in a light incubator to induce germination at variable temperatures. The germination rate was calculated at 30 days.

[0026] Table 1 Effect of seed to river sand volume ratio on seed germination rate and breakage rate

[0027]

[0028] As can be seen from Table 1, as the volume proportion of river sand increases, the seed germination rate tends to increase, but the seed breakage rate also increases accordingly, and the time required for seed germination is shortened. Comprehensive analysis of the seed germination rate and breakage rate shows that 1:1-1:2 is the optimal volume ratio of seeds to river sand.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] Screening of shaking speed and time

[0031] The seeds obtained from natural pollination of the blueberry variety Chandler were used as the material. The seeds were mixed with river sand in a volume ratio of 1:1, placed in a 500 ml conical flask, placed in a shaker, and mechanically ground for 30 minutes at room temperature. The seeds were placed in a 3°C refrigerator for 3 days and placed in a light incubator to induce germination at variable temperatures. The germination rate was calculated at 30 days.

[0032] Table 2 Effect of shaking table speed on seed germination rate and breakage rate

[0033]

[0034] It can be seen from Table 2 that the higher the shaking speed, the higher the seed breakage rate. When the speed is 200 R / min, the seed germination rate is the highest. Comprehensive analysis of the seed germination rate and breakage rate shows that the optimal shaking speed is 150-200 R / min.

[0035] The seeds obtained from natural pollination of the blueberry variety Chandler were used as the material. The seeds were mixed with river sand in a volume ratio of 1:1, placed in a 500 ml conical flask, placed in a shaker, and mechanically ground for different times at 200 R / min under room temperature conditions. The seeds were placed in a 3°C refrigerator for 3 days and placed in a light incubator to induce germination at variable temperatures. The germination rate was calculated at 30 days.

[0036] Table 3 Effect of grinding time on seed germination rate and breakage rate

[0037]

[0038] It can be seen from Table 3 that the longer the uniform grinding time, the higher the seed breakage rate. At 30 minutes, the seed germination rate is the highest. Comprehensive analysis of the seed germination rate and breakage rate shows that the optimal uniform grinding time is 30-60 minutes.

[0039] Based on the experimental results in Table 2 and Table 3, the speed of the shaking table during uniform grinding is 150-200 R / min and the time is 30-60min, which is the best configuration index.

Claims

1. A method suitable for cultivating a large number of blueberry seedlings in an industrialized manner, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: (1) Screening and soaking: Pass the blueberry seeds through a 30-mesh sieve to remove impurities and unfilled seeds, and then soak them in acidic pure water with a pH of 4.5-5.5 and a temperature of 30-40°C for 60-120 minutes; (2) Mechanical grinding: prepare fine river sand, pass it through a 20-mesh sieve to remove large particles, add acidic pure water with a pH of 4.5-5.5 to make the water content of the river sand 15-20%, mix the seeds in step (1) with the river sand in a volume ratio of 1:1-1:2, put them in a 500-1000 ml conical flask, place it in a shaker, and grind it mechanically for 30-60 minutes at room temperature; (3) Low temperature induction: Place the mixture of seeds and river sand from step (2) in a 3°C refrigerator for 3-5 days; (4) Variable temperature cultivation: sow the blueberry seeds in step (3) in a plug tray and place it in an intelligent greenhouse for cultivation. The cultivation conditions are 20-25°C and 3000-5000lx of light during the day and 12-16°C and dark cultivation at night; (5) Fertilizer and water management: Water thoroughly after sowing and cover with film to keep moisture. When the seeds have two true leaves, remove the film and maintain the air humidity at 55-65%. When the seeds have two true leaves, maintain the air humidity at 30-40%. Apply 1-3‰ full-nutrient compound fertilizer every 7 days until the seedlings are 5-10 cm tall and can be transplanted from the nursery.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the step (1), the blueberry seeds are derived from naturally pollinated fruits of highbush and rabbiteye blueberry varieties or hybrid fruits of highbush and rabbiteye varieties. The seeds are naturally dried in the shade and have a moisture content of 10-15%.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the volume of the mixture of blueberry seeds and river sand placed in the conical flask is 200-400 ml.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The rotation speed of the shaking table in step (2) is 150-200 R / min.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (4), a layer of 1.5-2.0 cm thick vermiculite with a particle size of 5-8 mm is laid at the bottom of the plug tray, the middle is a mixed matrix of imported peat: vermiculite: coconut bran with a volume ratio of 3:2:1 and a thickness of 5 cm, and the top layer is 0.4-0.8 mm coconut bran.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that In step (4), blueberry seeds are sown between the mixed matrix and coconut bran at a sowing density of 500-1000 seeds / m 2 .

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