A construction method for safe cleaning of hazardous waste in large enclosed facilities

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of hazardous waste cleaning, and relates to a construction method for safe cleaning of hazardous waste in large-scale enclosed facilities. It includes: step one, component prejudgment: preliminarily prejudge the hazardous waste components according to the data, and detect the enclosed space through the monitoring equipment rod; step two, exhaust gas evacuation: open a hole above the hazardous waste accumulation height in the equipment to be cleaned, and extract the exhaust gas; step three, hole opening ventilation: expand the opening, and open the exhaust gas evacuation device to the maximum; step four, equipment cleaning: use special equipment to load the hazardous waste into professional ton barrels for sealing, and expand the operation port as the accumulation height decreases; step five, manual cleanup: spray special stabilizers, and the operating personnel enter to safely clean out the contaminated sludge at the bottom. The present invention eliminates the link of operating personnel entering the enclosed space during the hazardous waste removal process, effectively avoiding accidents that endanger personnel safety; realizes the equipment-based cleaning of the main links of waste removal, greatly reduces the manual workload, and effectively reduces the comprehensive cost of waste removal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of hazardous waste cleaning, and relates to a construction method for safely cleaning hazardous waste in a large-scale enclosed facility. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, my country's demand for products such as petrochemicals and electronic equipment manufacturing has been increasing. Many companies have chosen industrial transformation or equipment upgrades to adapt to the rapidly developing economy. These companies generally have characteristics such as closed working spaces and hazardous waste in facilities. When carrying out industrial transformation or equipment upgrades, it is necessary to dismantle or replace the original equipment. Proper disposal of such waste facilities can effectively avoid environmental pollution around the factory. Otherwise, the leakage of hazardous waste left in the facilities will not only cause irreversible harm to the surrounding environment, but also threaten the personal safety of operators. With the increasing demand for facility dismantling and confined space waste clearance, how to quickly, safely and thoroughly solve this problem has become an imminent and urgent problem to be solved.

[0003] Hazardous waste is also called hazardous waste. The definition and identification standards of hazardous waste vary from country to country. The United Nations Environment Programme defines hazardous waste as waste that is chemical, toxic, explosive, corrosive or other harmful to organisms and the environment, except for radioactivity; in the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, hazardous waste is divided into 49 major categories, including HW01~HW49, and each major category is further divided into several specific subcategories. According to the impact of hazardous waste on the environment and organisms, its hazardous characteristics can be divided into flammability, corrosiveness, toxicity, infectivity and reactivity. In my country, hazardous waste refers to solid wastes that are listed in the "National List of Hazardous Wastes" or identified according to the national hazardous waste identification standards and identification methods with one or more hazardous characteristics such as corrosiveness, toxicity, flammability, reactivity and infectivity, as well as solid wastes that do not exclude the above hazardous characteristics.

[0004] Currently, there is no systematic solution for the dismantling of facilities and the clearing of waste in confined spaces. The mainstream approach is for gas manufacturers to be responsible for the recycling of identified gas cylinders on site, and for hazardous waste left in the equipment, they are mainly treated by open-air venting or adsorption combustion. Due to the lack of understanding of hazardous waste in the facilities, accidents are prone to occur during dismantling or waste clearing operations. The present invention aims to provide a safe, efficient and thorough waste clearing process, which can completely complete the waste clearing work in one go for confined facilities with limited working space and hazardous waste. It is not only widely applicable, but also ensures that there is no pollution residue on site, and the personal safety of operators is also effectively guaranteed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a construction method for safely cleaning hazardous waste in a large-scale enclosed facility with high personnel safety assurance, low engineering cost, and capable of realizing equipment-based and programmed cleaning.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A construction method for safe cleaning of hazardous waste in a large enclosed facility comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Pre-judgment of composition: Before the start of the waste removal project, ensure that the entire set of equipment is in a closed state, obtain the facility process flow based on the background information provided by the owner, and make a preliminary prediction of the composition in the facility and pipeline by locating the on-site equipment and pipeline direction; after specially marking the pipelines and equipment that may contain hazardous waste, use the monitoring equipment rod to extend from the pipeline port or equipment interface, and use the operating handle to detect the gas concentration and oxygen content in the confined space through the detection device on the mounting platform at the head of the detection equipment rod, and obtain the accumulation height of solid and liquid waste in the confined space through the camera on the mounting platform (to select the appropriate opening method);

[0009] Step 2, exhaust gas: After obtaining the accumulation of solid and liquid wastes in the confined space to be cleaned, as well as the gas concentration and oxygen content through step 1, if there are hazardous waste gases in the facility, the hazardous waste gases shall be extracted and treated first. Use a hole opener to make a hole 5 cm above the height of the solid and liquid waste accumulation in the facility (to ensure sufficient convection of gas inside the facility, the number of holes required is not less than 3, and the basic angle of each hole on the horizontal plane is evenly divided. If 3 holes are opened, the angle between the hole position and the horizontal center point is about 120°, and if 4 holes are opened, the angle between the hole position and the horizontal center point is about 90°). Insert the retractable exhaust pipe into the hole, turn on the fan, and slowly extract the hazardous waste gas in the facility from the facility through the action of the fan, and then treat it through the appropriate treatment equipment and then exhaust it; the waste gas disposal equipment is equipped with an override pipe, which is then connected to the switching three-way device. For the hazardous waste gas that is processed slowly, the override pipe and the switching three-way can effectively prevent gas overflow.

[0010] Step 3: Open holes for ventilation: Use specific cutting equipment to cut the cross section along the vent holes in step 2. When selecting the vent holes for cutting, give priority to the specific digging arm insertion angle, expand the hole to a size sufficient for the excavator arm to insert, and at the same time, open the equipment connected to the top exhaust pipe to the maximum to create a slight negative pressure in the facility to prevent harmful gases from overflowing from the operating port and endangering personnel safety;

[0011] Step 4: Equipment cleaning: According to the types of hazardous waste stored in the facility, select special equipment such as turbidity pumps and special buckets to remove hazardous waste. The cleaned hazardous waste is placed in professional barrels for sealing and transportation for disposal. As the accumulation height of solid and liquid waste decreases, the operation port is further expanded downward. During the operation, the lower edge of the operation port is always kept 5 cm higher than the accumulation height of solid and liquid waste until the waste removal work is completed;

[0012] Step 5. Manual cleanup: For parts that cannot be removed by machine, manual cleaning is required. First, spray a special stabilizer on the cleaned surface. The operator enters the work area after wearing protective equipment and uses a shovel or special cleaning tools to manually remove the remaining hazardous waste in the facility. Then, use cleaning water to rinse the inner surface of the facility (including the inner surface of the pipe). The flushing water needs to be collected manually and treated uniformly.

[0013] Preferably, the monitoring equipment rod in step 1 includes a handle, a telescopic connecting rod, a mounting platform, a transmission line, an image display, a reading display, a monitoring probe and a camera, the two ends of the telescopic connecting rod are respectively connected to the handle and the mounting platform, the interior of the telescopic connecting rod is hollow, the transmission line passes through the interior of the telescopic connecting rod, and the monitoring probe and the camera are fixed on the mounting platform with bolts. When working, it reaches into the facility to read the monitoring data and image data.

[0014] Preferably, the monitoring equipment rod in step one extends from the pipeline port or the equipment interface, and the operating handle detects the gas concentration and oxygen content in the confined space through the monitoring probe on the mounting platform at the head of the monitoring equipment rod, and obtains the storage height of solid and liquid waste in the confined space through the camera on the mounting platform.

[0015] Preferably, the waste gas exhaust device in step 2 comprises a retractable exhaust duct, an exhaust fan, a processing device and a discharge device, the air inlet of the retractable exhaust duct is connected to the cleaning device, the air outlet is connected to the exhaust fan, the downstream of the exhaust fan is connected to the processing device and the discharge device in sequence, the exhaust fan outlet is provided with an override pipe, the override pipe outlet is provided with a switching tee, and the switching tee outlet is connected to the processing equipment.

[0016] Preferably, in the step 2, a hole is opened with a hole opener at 5 cm above the solid and liquid accumulation height in the cleaning equipment, and the retractable exhaust pipe is inserted into the hole and then the fan is turned on to slowly extract the hazardous exhaust gas.

[0017] Preferably, the openings on the vertical surface of the equipment in step 2 are symmetrically distributed on the horizontal plane with respect to the center point. For example, if 3 holes are opened, the angle between the hole position and the horizontal center point is about 120°. If 4 holes are opened, the angle between the hole position and the horizontal center point is about 90°. During the exhaust operation, a vortex is formed to ensure that the exhaust gas accumulated inside is fully discharged.

[0018] Preferably, in step 3, corresponding holes that are convenient for equipment operation are selected, cut along the bottom edge of the holes, expand them to the size of the operation port, and block other redundant holes to ensure that the facility is in a slightly negative pressure state to prevent harmful gases from escaping from the operation port.

[0019] Preferably, the waste cleaning process in step 4 is carried out according to the principle of first up and then down, and solid-liquid separation. Special equipment such as turbidity pumps and special buckets are used to load the hazardous waste to be cleaned into professional barrels for sealing, and as the accumulation height of solid and liquid waste decreases, the operating port is further expanded downward (the lower edge of the operating port is kept 5 cm higher than the accumulated material).

[0020] Preferably, in the manual waste removal part of step 5, a special stabilizer is first sprayed on the cleaned surface, and the operator wears protective equipment and uses special tools to remove it, and then the inner surface of the facility (including the inner surface of the pipeline) is flushed with cleaning water, and finally all hazardous wastes in the facility are removed. The wastewater generated during the flushing process needs to be manually collected and uniformly treated.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the invention are:

[0022] (1) It eliminates the need for workers to enter confined spaces during hazardous waste removal, effectively avoiding accidents that endanger personnel safety.

[0023] (2) The main links of waste disposal work have been equipped with equipment, which has greatly reduced the workload of manual labor and effectively reduced the overall cost of waste disposal.

[0024] (3) It has achieved equipment-based and programmed operation, greatly improved waste removal efficiency, shortened working hours and hazardous waste exposure time, and further reduced the probability of secondary pollution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the waste gas treatment equipment of the present invention (1. retractable exhaust pipe, 2. exhaust fan, 4. override pipe, 3. switching tee, 5. treatment equipment, 6. discharge equipment).

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the monitoring device rod of the present invention (7, handle, 8, telescopic connecting rod, 9, mounting platform, 10, transmission line, 11, image display, 12, reading display, 13, monitoring probe and 14, camera). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clarify and fully describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, and then further explain the invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Given the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0028] The abandoned gas storage tank selected in this embodiment is safely disposed of.

[0029] In this embodiment, the gas cabinet is first opened, and a high-power industrial fan is used to blow air and ventilate the opened working hole to blow off the original gas in the gas cabinet; then the sewage pump is used to suck the upper clear liquid in the gas cabinet, and the upper liquid with strong fluidity is discharged to the temporary sewage station. When the suction pump cannot suck the hazardous waste in the gas cabinet, the cutting surface is expanded to 2.5×3.0m, and the low-fluidity emulsion and the bottom sludge are dug out together through the operating hole by an excavator, and loaded into a ton barrel, loaded with a forklift, and transported to the hazardous waste storage area. The emulsion is basically cleaned up by the excavator bucket, and when the lower layer of sludge is reduced to the swing diameter of the excavator and cannot be effectively cleared out, a professional third-party unit will continue to cut along the original working hole and open it down to 50cm from the bottom. Then the excavator is used to continue to clean the mud and oil at the bottom, and the cleaned materials are loaded into ton barrels and transported to the hazardous waste storage area. When the excavator is difficult to clear out effectively, the bottom sludge has been basically cleaned up. At this time, manual cleaning is adopted to enter the cabinet, flush and clean it, and put the cleaned materials into ton barrels and transport them to the hazardous waste storage area. After the manual finishing work such as cabinet flushing is completed, the cabinet is dismantled by the dismantling unit and transported to the cleaning point. The equipment is flushed with a high-pressure water gun, and the wastewater generated during the flushing process is pumped into a temporary sewage station. The residue generated by the flushing is manually loaded into barrels and transported to the hazardous waste storage area. Finally, the ton barrels in the hazardous waste storage area are transported by hazardous waste transport vehicles to hazardous waste disposal units for harmless treatment.

[0030] The above is a description of the embodiments of the present invention. Through the above description of the disclosed embodiments, professionals and technicians in the field can implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to professionals and technicians in the field. The general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown in this article, but will conform to the widest range consistent with the principles and novelties disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A construction method for safe cleaning of hazardous waste in large enclosed facilities, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Pre-judgment of components: After ensuring that the equipment is in the closed state, locate the on-site equipment and pipeline direction according to the provided process route to make a preliminary pre-judgment of the components in the equipment and pipelines, mark the pipelines and equipment that may contain hazardous waste, and extend the monitoring equipment rod to detect the internal conditions of the confined space to select the appropriate opening method; Step 2, exhausting waste gas: a hole is opened above the accumulation height of solid and liquid waste in the equipment to be cleaned, and a waste gas exhaust device is connected to extract waste gas for treatment; the waste gas exhaust device comprises a retractable exhaust pipe (1), an exhaust fan (2), a treatment device (5) and a discharge device (6), wherein the air inlet of the retractable exhaust pipe (1) is connected to the cleaning equipment, and the air outlet is connected to the exhaust fan (2), and the downstream of the exhaust fan (2) is connected to the treatment device (5) and the discharge device (6) in sequence; Step 3: Open the hole for ventilation: expand the hole to a size large enough for the excavator arm to extend into, and open the exhaust gas exhaust device connected to the cleaning equipment to the maximum; Step 4: Equipment cleaning: According to the principle of first up and then down, and separation of solid and liquid, the hazardous waste to be cleaned is placed into professional barrels for sealing using special equipment, and the opening is further expanded downward as the accumulation height of solid and liquid waste decreases; the special equipment includes a turbidity pump and a bucket; Step 5: Manual cleaning: First, spray a special stabilizer on the cleaned surface, and then the operator will wear protective equipment and use special tools to clean it. Then, rinse the inner surface of the equipment with cleaning water, and finally remove all hazardous wastes in the equipment; The monitoring device rod in step 1 comprises a handle (7), a telescopic connecting rod (8), a mounting platform (9), a transmission line (10), an image display (11), a reading display (12), a monitoring probe (13) and a camera (14); the two ends of the telescopic connecting rod (8) are respectively connected to the handle (7) and the mounting platform (9); the interior of the telescopic connecting rod (8) is hollow; the transmission line (10) passes through the interior of the telescopic connecting rod (8); the monitoring probe (13) and the camera (14) are fixed to the mounting platform (9) by bolts; the monitoring device rod extends from the pipeline port or the equipment interface; the operating handle (7) detects the concentration of gas and the oxygen content in the enclosed space through the monitoring probe (13) on the mounting platform (9) at the head of the monitoring device rod, and obtains the accumulation height of solid and liquid waste in the enclosed space through the camera (14) on the mounting platform (9); In the second step, a hole is opened with a hole opener at a position 5 cm above the accumulation height of the solid and liquid waste in the cleaning equipment, the number of holes opened is not less than 3, and the holes are symmetrically distributed at the center point on the horizontal plane; after the retractable exhaust pipe is inserted into the hole, the exhaust fan (2) is turned on to slowly extract the hazardous waste gas; in the third step, a corresponding hole position that is convenient for equipment operation is selected, and the hole position is cut according to the lower edge to expand it to the size of the operation port, and other redundant hole positions are blocked; in the fourth step, during the waste cleaning process, the lower edge of the operation port is always kept 5 cm higher than the accumulation height of the solid and liquid waste until the waste cleaning work is completed.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet of the exhaust fan (2) is provided with an overrunning pipe (4), the outlet of the overrunning pipe (4) is provided with a switching tee (3), and the outlet of the switching tee (3) is connected to a processing device (5).

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The wastewater generated during the flushing process of step 5 needs to be collected manually and then processed uniformly.

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