Water and soil barrier materials for preventing water pollution penetration, preparation and application

Abstract

The present invention provides a water and soil barrier material for preventing water pollution penetration, preparation and application. The preparation method comprises mixing activated carbon, an activator, zeolite and clay to obtain a mixture, adding water to adjust the mixture into a mixed slurry, and then heating the dried mixture to 350°C at a heating rate of 7°C / min and keeping it warm for 1h under a protective gas atmosphere, and then heating the dried mixture in the first stage. On the basis of the first stage heating, the dried mixture is further heated to 650°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min and kept warm for 2h, and then cooled to obtain a water and soil barrier material for preventing water pollution penetration. The water and soil barrier material can selectively adsorb and filter various pollutants in the water body, taking into account the water permeability and air permeability, has stable properties, and has no secondary pollution, and can be used to prevent water pollution from penetrating into the soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of environmental chemistry, and in particular to a water-soil barrier material for preventing water pollution penetration, and its preparation and application. Background Art

[0002] Water pollution is one of the common environmental problems. Acids, alkalis, oxidants, compounds such as copper, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, and organic poisons such as benzene, ethylene dichloride, and ethylene glycol will cause varying degrees of pollution to water bodies. These pollutants will spread further with the water flow, especially the free pollutants in the water body, and even further pollute the soil around the river through infiltration, causing a larger range of pollution, endangering the agricultural, fishery, forestry and other production in the surrounding areas, and may further spread to the groundwater, further expanding the pollution area with the soil flow, causing potential harm to the production and life of residents around the polluted water body. Therefore, the development of water and soil barrier materials for water pollution infiltration is of great significance to my country's environmental protection, pollution control, and residents' health.

[0003] Currently, there is no water and soil barrier material on the market that can prevent water pollution from penetrating. Common polymer materials will block both water and air, making it impossible for the soil around the riverbed to exchange substances with the river, causing soil compaction and reduced fertility. At the same time, the raw materials of polymer materials are mainly non-renewable resources such as petroleum, and their manufacturing process will pollute the environment. In addition, polymer materials themselves are difficult to degrade, and if not handled properly, they will cause secondary pollution in the soil. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a water-soil barrier material, preparation and application for preventing water pollution penetration, so as to solve the technical problem that polymer materials will block water and air at the same time, making it impossible for the soil around the riverbed to exchange substances with the river.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a first aspect of a method for preparing a water and soil barrier material for preventing water pollution penetration, comprising:

[0006] Activated carbon, activator, zeolite and clay are mixed to obtain a mixture, and water is added to make a mixed slurry, and then dried. The activated carbon, zeolite, clay and activator are calculated by weight in 100 parts, 85 parts, 15-30 parts and 5-10 parts respectively. The activator is potassium hydroxide.

[0007] Under the protective gas atmosphere, the dried mixture is heated to 330-370° C. at a heating rate of 6-8° C. / min and kept warm for 0.5-1.5 h, and the first stage heating is performed on the mixture.

[0008] On the basis of the first stage heating, the dried mixture is further heated to 630-670°C at a heating rate of 3-5°C / min and kept warm for 1.5-2.5 hours, and then the mixture is heated in the second stage, and then cooled to obtain a water and soil barrier material for preventing water pollution penetration. In the heat preservation process of the second stage heating step, water vapor is introduced.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present application, in the step of adding water to the mixed slurry, the mixture and water are calculated by weight to be 100 parts and 40-50 parts, respectively.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present application, the first stage heating condition is to heat to 350° C. at a heating rate of 7° C. / min and keep the temperature for 1 hour under a protective gas atmosphere.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present application, the second stage heating condition is to continue heating to 650° C. at a heating rate of 5° C. / min and keep the temperature for 2 hours based on the first stage heating.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present application, during the heat preservation process of the second stage of heating, the flow rate of water vapor is 0.5 L / min, and the introduction is stopped after the heat preservation is completed.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present application, the particle size of activated carbon is ≤3 mm, and the particle size of zeolite is ≤16 mm.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present application, after the step of heating the dried mixture in the second stage and then cooling it, the method further includes:

[0015] The floating impurities and water-soluble impurities on the surface of the cooled product are washed and removed with water, and then dried to obtain the above-mentioned soil and water barrier material.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present application, a method for preparing activated carbon includes:

[0017] The fruit shell is crushed, mixed with zinc chloride and an activator, and dried to obtain a mixed powder. The activator is potassium hydroxide.

[0018] The mixed powder was heated to 700° C. in a protective gas atmosphere and kept at this temperature for 2 hours, and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain activated carbon.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present application, the fruit shell, zinc chloride and activator are calculated by weight, respectively, 100 parts, 5-7 parts, 10-15 parts, and the drying temperature is 105°C.

[0020] A second aspect of the present invention provides a soil and water barrier material obtained by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0021] The third aspect of the present invention provides the application of the water and soil barrier material prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method, wherein the water and soil barrier material is processed into particles and applied to the water area at an application rate of 1 to 3 kg / m2 per square meter of water area, or.

[0022] The water and soil barrier materials are formed into blocks to serve as ecological embankments of rivers. The thickness of the blocks is 20 to 50 mm.

[0023] In the above-mentioned method for preparing water and soil barrier materials for preventing water pollution penetration, activated carbon and zeolite are mainly used as raw materials, and two-stage heating and steam reforming are used to form water and soil barrier materials containing rich micropores, mesopores and macropores. Micropores are mainly distributed in the activated carbon component, which has a large number of C, O, and N functional group adsorption sites, and can form an efficient adsorption barrier effect on soluble pollutants, heavy metal pollutants, etc. in the water body; mesopores and macropores are mainly distributed in the zeolite component. Mesopores can form an effective adsorption barrier effect on organic macromolecules, antibiotics and other pollutants, while macropores can effectively filter and block suspended particles, microplastics and other pollutants in the water body. The above-mentioned water and soil barrier materials can selectively adsorb and filter various pollutants in the water body, taking into account the water permeability and air permeability characteristics, stable in nature, and no secondary pollution, and can be used to prevent water pollution from penetrating into the soil. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 is a SEM image of a water and soil barrier material according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 1 a) is a 1000x SEM image of the water and soil barrier material. Figure 1 b) is a 10000x SEM image; Figure 1 c) is a 20,000x SEM image of the water and soil barrier material. Figure 1 d) is a 50,000x SEM image.

[0026] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the implementation methods and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0029] In addition, in the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features.

[0030] Furthermore, the technical solutions between the various embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, but this must be based on the fact that they can be implemented by ordinary technicians in the field. When the combination of technical solutions is mutually contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0031] The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a water and soil barrier material for preventing water pollution penetration, comprising:

[0032] S100: Mix activated carbon, activator, zeolite and clay to obtain a mixture, add water to adjust the mixture to a slurry, and dry it. The activated carbon, zeolite, clay and activator are calculated by weight in 100 parts, 85 parts, 15-30 parts and 5-10 parts respectively. The activator is potassium hydroxide.

[0033] Activated carbon is a specially treated carbon. The specific treatment process is to heat organic raw materials (fruit shells, coal, wood, etc.) under air-tight conditions to reduce non-carbon components (this process is called carbonization), and then react with gas to erode the surface, thereby producing a microporous structure (this process is called activation). Activated carbon can be distinguished according to different raw materials. For example, activated carbon can be coconut shell activated carbon, tea shell biochar, etc.

[0034] Activated carbon can be purchased commercially or prepared by oneself. There are many preparation methods, which are not specifically limited. In some embodiments, the preparation method of activated carbon includes:

[0035] S101: crush the fruit shell, mix it with zinc chloride and an activator, and dry it to obtain a mixed powder. The activator is potassium hydroxide.

[0036] In the related art, zinc chloride and potassium hydroxide are both common activators. In this embodiment, potassium hydroxide is the activator, and the main functions of zinc chloride are:

[0037] 1. The fruit shell usually contains a high amount of oil. Zinc chloride can reduce the formation of tar and avoid the situation where tar and its reactants block the pores, especially the micropores, during the pore-forming process. The resulting product has richer pores.

[0038] 2. Zinc chloride can make wood fiber expand evenly, which is beneficial to the activation of potassium hydroxide, so that the porosity of activated carbon is better. In this step, the fruit shell (such as coconut shell) can be crushed to a particle size of ≤3mm. Therefore, the particles of activated carbon are smaller, such as ≤3mm. The fruit shell, zinc chloride and activator are calculated by weight, respectively, 100 parts, 5-7 parts, and 10-15 parts, and mixed according to this ratio. The drying temperature after mixing can be 105°C.

[0039] S102: The mixed powder is heated to 740-750°C in a protective gas atmosphere and kept warm for 2 hours, and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain activated carbon. The activation effect of metal potassium hydroxide can be best achieved at a temperature above 700°C. 740-750°C is higher than the boiling point of zinc chloride but lower than the boiling point of potassium hydroxide, so that zinc chloride vapor can be discharged together with the protective gas, while potassium hydroxide is retained in the mixed powder to exert the activation effect. Moreover, the 2-hour insulation time can ensure that the activation is fully carried out.

[0040] In this step, the protective gas may be nitrogen. The activated carbon obtained in this step still has certain impurities (so it can be called crude activated carbon), such as impurities that can float on the water surface and water-soluble impurities.

[0041] S103 (optional): washing and removing floating impurities and water-soluble impurities on the surface of the crude activated carbon with water, and drying to obtain activated carbon.

[0042] Since the particles of crude activated carbon are relatively small, they can be filtered and washed to remove impurities floating on the water surface and soluble impurities. After washing, they can also be dried to obtain activated carbon.

[0043] After obtaining the activated carbon, the activated carbon, the activator, the zeolite and the clay are mixed to obtain a mixture. Similarly, the zeolite particle size can also be smaller particles, such as a particle size of ≤16mm. The clay can bond the activated carbon and the zeolite, and make the final material sintered and formed with a certain strength.

[0044] The mixing method can be: first mix activated carbon, zeolite and clay in proportions of 100 parts, 85 parts and 15 parts by weight, then mix the mixture with water in proportions of 100 parts and 40 parts by weight, stir evenly until the mixture becomes cement-like, and continue stirring for 24 hours, then add the remaining clay or water according to the viscosity of the mixed slurry to obtain a mixed slurry.

[0045] The consistency of the mixed slurry can be 60-70 mm. Under this condition, the mixed slurry is easy to shape. When the final soil and water barrier material has shape requirements, the mixed slurry can be added to the corresponding mold and dried to form a structure of the corresponding shape. For example, it can be formed into a honeycomb cube or a brick. Both can be used as building blocks for the river channel.

[0046] Of course, if there is no shape requirement for the water and soil barrier material, the mixed slurry can also be crushed after forming a structure of the corresponding shape, such as crushing into uniform particles with a particle size of ≤8mm. Alternatively, the mixed slurry is not added to the mold and is directly dried and crushed.

[0047] In some embodiments, in the step of adding water to the mixed slurry, the mixture and water are calculated by weight as 100 parts and 40-50 parts, respectively.

[0048] S200: In an atmosphere of protective gas, the dried mixture is heated to 350° C. at a heating rate of 7° C. / min and kept warm for 0.5 to 1.5 h, thereby performing the first stage of heating.

[0049] The dried mixture is placed in a heating device, such as an oven, for the first stage of heating. A protective gas (such as nitrogen) is introduced into the heating device, and the mixture is heated to 350° C. at a heating rate of 7° C. / min and kept at this temperature for 1 hour. The first stage of heating of the dried mixture is completed.

[0050] The first stage of heating is a rapid heating process that allows the material to take shape quickly and completes initial solidification during the heat preservation process, ensuring the texture and shape while retaining the active ingredients to the greatest extent possible, ensuring that all raw materials are utilized to the maximum extent possible.

[0051] In some embodiments, the first stage heating condition is to heat to 350° C. at a heating rate of 7° C. / min and keep the temperature for 1 hour under a protective gas atmosphere.

[0052] S300: Based on the first stage heating, the dried mixture is further heated to 650°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min and kept warm for 1.5 to 2.5 hours, and then cooled to obtain a water and soil barrier material for preventing water pollution penetration. In the heat preservation process of the second stage heating step, water vapor is introduced for reforming and activation.

[0053] The dried mixture is heated in the second stage based on the first stage heating. That is, the temperature is continued to rise based on the heating temperature of the first stage heating, and the protective gas is still introduced. The dried mixture can be heated to 650°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min and kept at this temperature for 2 hours to perform the second stage heating.

[0054] In some embodiments, the second stage heating condition is to continue heating to 650° C. at a heating rate of 5° C. / min and keep the temperature for 2 hours based on the first stage heating.

[0055] During the heat preservation process of the second stage heating step, water vapor is introduced for reforming activation. In some embodiments, the flow rate of water vapor is 0.5 L / min, and the introduction is stopped after the heat preservation is completed.

[0056] During the second stage of heating, slow heating can enable the material to undergo further molding and curing, promote the formation of pore structure, and fully activate the process. During the 2-hour heat preservation, water vapor is introduced for full reforming, which promotes the formation of C, O, and N functional groups to the greatest extent, and enhances the selective adsorption capacity of the material for soluble pollutants and ionic pollutants in water. Steam reforming can also further enhance the pore expansion effect, promote the formation of mesopores and macropores, further expand the specific surface area of ​​the material, and enhance the filtering and adsorption of macromolecules and particles in water.

[0057] In some embodiments, after the step of heating the dried mixture in the second stage and then cooling it, the method further comprises:

[0058] The floating impurities and water-soluble impurities on the surface of the cooled product are washed and removed with water, and then dried to obtain the above-mentioned soil and water barrier material.

[0059] In the above-mentioned method for preparing water and soil barrier materials for preventing water pollution penetration, activated carbon and zeolite are mainly used as raw materials, and two-stage heating and steam reforming are used to form water and soil barrier materials containing rich micropores, mesopores and macropores. The total specific surface area of ​​the water and soil barrier material is greater than 1000㎡ / g. Micropores are mainly distributed in the activated carbon component, which has a large number of C, O, and N functional group adsorption sites, and can form an efficient adsorption barrier effect on soluble pollutants, heavy metal pollutants, etc. in the water body; mesopores and macropores are mainly distributed in the zeolite component. Mesopores can form an effective adsorption barrier effect on organic macromolecules, antibiotics and other pollutants, while macropores can effectively filter and block suspended particles, microplastics and other pollutants in the water body. The above-mentioned water and soil barrier materials can selectively adsorb and filter various pollutants in the water body, taking into account the water permeability and air permeability characteristics, stable properties, no secondary pollution, and can be used to prevent water pollution from penetrating into the soil.

[0060] In contrast, the raw materials of polymer materials are mainly non-renewable resources such as petroleum. The manufacturing process will cause environmental pollution. In addition, polymer materials themselves are difficult to degrade. If not handled properly, they will cause secondary pollution in the soil.

[0061] The above-mentioned method for preparing water and soil barrier materials for preventing water pollution penetration mainly uses coconut shells and zeolites as raw materials, utilizes their rich microporous, mesoporous and macroporous structures, and adopts two-stage heating and steam reforming to promote the formation of a large number of C, O, and N functional groups in the microporous structure, and can achieve activation, modification and firing at the same time, which greatly simplifies the production process and reduces production costs. In addition, there is no harmful gas emission in the entire preparation process. The raw materials and ingredients used are simple and easily available products, which are convenient for large-scale production and promotion and application.

[0062] A second aspect of the present invention provides a soil and water barrier material obtained by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0063] The water and soil barrier material has micropores, mesopores and macropores at the same time, with a total specific surface area greater than 1000㎡ / g. It has strong adsorption and filtration capabilities for various pollutants in the water body. The mesopores and macropores in the material can better adsorb and filter various macromolecules and pollutant particles in the water body. The microporous structure in the material contains a large number of C, O, and N functional groups, which can produce strong selective adsorption capabilities for soluble pollutants and ionic pollutants, and form a stable chemical structure to avoid secondary pollution. At the same time, the water and soil barrier material has a loose and porous structure that allows gas and water to flow freely, ensuring the normal flow of nutrients along the coast of the water body and the riverbed and lake bottom.

[0064] The third aspect of the present invention provides the application of the water and soil barrier material prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method. The application of the water and soil barrier material in blocking the diffusion of pollutants from water bodies to soil can effectively block the cross-border diffusion of pollutants in water bodies.

[0065] In some embodiments, the water and soil barrier material is processed into particles and applied to the water area at an application rate of 1 to 3 kg / ㎡ per square meter of water area.

[0066] The above-mentioned water and soil barrier materials are used to prevent water pollution infiltration. They are directly scattered in polluted waters by ships, etc. The density of the material is greater than that of water, and it will be deposited at the bottom of the water area (such as riverbed and lake bottom). The spreading speed matches the speed of the ship to ensure that the application amount per square meter of water area is 1 to 3 kg / ㎡.

[0067] In some embodiments, the water and soil barrier material is formed into blocks to serve as ecological embankments of rivers, and the thickness of the material blocks is 20 to 50 mm.

[0068] The above-mentioned water and soil barrier materials are used to prevent water pollution infiltration. They are formed into shapes such as blocks and used as ecological embankments of rivers. In this application, the thickness of the material should be 20 to 50 mm.

[0069] Example 1

[0070] Preparation of water and soil barrier materials

[0071] 1. Grind the coconut shell to a particle size of ≤3mm, mix it evenly with zinc chloride and potassium hydroxide according to 100 parts of coconut shell, 6 parts of zinc chloride and 12 parts of potassium hydroxide, and dry it at 105℃;

[0072] 2. The mixed powder prepared in step 1 is heated to 700° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere and kept at this temperature for 2 hours, and then naturally cooled to room temperature;

[0073] 3. Filter and wash the product prepared in step 2 to remove impurities floating on the water surface and soluble impurities;

[0074] 4. The product prepared in step 3 was mixed with an activator, zeolite, and clay at a ratio of 100 parts of the product, 85 parts of zeolite, and 20 parts of clay, and 45 parts of water were added. The mixture was stirred evenly until it became cement-like and then stirred for 24 hours. The mixture was then dried at 93°C.

[0075] 5. The product prepared in step 4 was crushed into uniform particles with a particle size of ≤8 mm, and then the first stage of heating was carried out, heating to 350°C at a heating rate of 7°C / min, and the temperature was kept for 0.5 h. Then, the second stage of heating was carried out, heating to 650°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min, and the temperature was kept for 1.5 h. During the insulation process, water vapor with a flow rate of 0.5 L / min was introduced for reforming activation. After the insulation process, the water vapor was stopped, and the mixture was naturally cooled to room temperature;

[0076] 6. Filter the product prepared in step 5 with water to remove floating and soluble impurities on the surface, and dry it at 115° C. to obtain a water and soil barrier material for preventing water pollution penetration.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] Preparation of water and soil barrier materials

[0079] 1. Grind the coconut shell to a particle size of ≤3mm, mix it evenly with zinc chloride and potassium hydroxide according to 100 parts of coconut shell, 7 parts of zinc chloride and 14 parts of potassium hydroxide, and dry it at 105℃;

[0080] 2. The mixed powder prepared in step 1 is heated to 700° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere and kept at this temperature for 2 hours, and then naturally cooled to room temperature;

[0081] 3. Filter and wash the product prepared in step 2 to remove impurities floating on the water surface and soluble impurities;

[0082] 4. The product prepared in step 3 was mixed with an activator, zeolite, and clay at a ratio of 100 parts of the product, 85 parts of zeolite, and 30 parts of clay, and 50 parts of water were added. The mixture was stirred evenly until it became cement-like, and then stirred for 24 hours, and then dried at 95°C.

[0083] 5. The product prepared in step 4 is crushed into uniform particles with a particle size of ≤8 mm, and then the first stage of heating is carried out, heating to 350°C at a heating rate of 7°C / min, and the temperature is kept for 1 hour. Then, the second stage of heating is carried out, heating to 650°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours. During the insulation process, water vapor with a flow rate of 0.5 L / min is introduced for reforming activation. After the insulation process is completed, the water vapor is stopped and naturally cooled to room temperature;

[0084] 6. Filter the product prepared in step 5 with water to remove floating and soluble impurities on the surface, and dry it at 115° C. to obtain a water and soil barrier material for preventing water pollution penetration.

[0085] Example 3

[0086] Preparation of water and soil barrier materials

[0087] 1. Grind the coconut shell to a particle size of ≤3mm, mix it evenly with zinc chloride and potassium hydroxide according to 100 parts of coconut shell, 6 parts of zinc chloride and 10 parts of potassium hydroxide, and dry it at 105℃;

[0088] 2. The mixed powder prepared in step 1 is heated to 700° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere and kept at this temperature for 2 hours, and then naturally cooled to room temperature;

[0089] 3. Filter and wash the product prepared in step 2 to remove impurities floating on the water surface and soluble impurities;

[0090] 4. The product prepared in step 3 was mixed with an activator, zeolite, and clay at a ratio of 100 parts of the product, 85 parts of zeolite, and 15 parts of clay, and 40 parts of water were added. The mixture was stirred evenly until it became cement-like and then stirred for 24 hours. The mixture was then dried at 93°C.

[0091] 5. The product prepared in step 4 was crushed into uniform particles with a particle size of ≤8 mm, and then the first stage of heating was carried out, heating to 350°C at a heating rate of 7°C / min, and the temperature was kept for 1.5 hours. Then, the second stage of heating was carried out, heating to 650°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min, and the temperature was kept for 2.5 hours. During the insulation process, water vapor with a flow rate of 0.5 L / min was introduced for reforming activation. After the insulation process, the water vapor was stopped, and the mixture was naturally cooled to room temperature;

[0092] 6. Filter the product prepared in step 5 with water to remove floating and soluble impurities on the surface, and dry it at 115° C. to obtain a water and soil barrier material for preventing water pollution penetration.

[0093] Data Characterization

[0094] The water and soil barrier material of Example 1 was scanned using a scanning electron microscope, and the results were as follows: Figure 1 a), Figure 1 b) Figure 1 c) and Figure 1 d) are electron micrographs of the barrier material at 1000 times, 10000 times, 20000 times, and 50000 times, respectively. Figure 1 a) It can be seen that the main body of the material is granular; Figure 1 b) It can be seen that the individual particles are oval in shape, with a rough surface, and there are abundant pore structures between the particles; Figure 1 c) As can be seen from the figure, the rough surface comes from the formed lamellar structure, which is conducive to enhancing the filtering effect; Figure 1 d) It can be seen that the surface has abundant micropores, mesopores and macropores.

[0095] Test Example 1

[0096] The water and soil barrier materials for preventing water pollution penetration prepared in the above Examples 1-3 were analyzed for their ability to block pollutants in water.

[0097] Four areas of 1 square meter were selected from the same polluted lake water area, of which three areas were covered with water and soil barrier materials for preventing and controlling water pollution penetration obtained by the preparation method of Examples 1-3, and the material usage was 3 kg / ㎡. It was calculated that a 4-5 mm barrier layer was formed on the lake bottom. The remaining area was used as a blank control group. There was no water flow interference between the four areas. The soil and the water above the center points of the four selected polluted water areas were sampled on the 1st day, 15th day, 30th day, 45th day and 60th day, and the types of pollutants targeted by the micropores, mesopores and macropores were measured respectively. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 4.

[0098] The test method is as follows:

[0099] pH value: measured using a pH test pen and soil pH tester.

[0100] Cyanide: isonicotinic acid-barbituric acid spectrophotometric method.

[0101] DDT: Extracted with acetone-petroleum ether, purified with concentrated sulfuric acid, and determined by gas chromatograph with electron capture detector.

[0102] Total bacterial count: counter method.

[0103] Table 1 Comparison of barrier effects of three materials prepared in Examples 1-3 (pH value)

[0104]

[0105] As can be seen from Table 1, in Examples 1 to 3, the pH value in the water body is stable between 5.3 and 5.5, while the pH value in the soil gradually increases from 1 day to 30 days and gradually stabilizes at around 6.7 to 6.8 from 45 days to 60 days.

[0106] In the blank control group, the pH value in the water was stable between 5.3 and 5.4, and the pH value in the soil was stable between 5.7 and 5.9, without significant changes. This shows that the water and soil barrier material has a good barrier capacity for ions.

[0107] Table 2 Comparison of barrier effects of three materials prepared in Examples 1-3 (cyanide)

[0108]

[0109] As can be seen from Table 2, in Examples 1 to 3, the cyanide content in the water body is stable between 0.12 and 0.13 mg / L, while the cyanide content in the soil gradually decreases from 1 day to 45 days, decreasing to about 0.02 to 0.01 mg / L on the 45th day, and decreasing to about 0.00 to 0.01 mg / L on the 60th day.

[0110] In the blank control group, the cyanide content in the water was stable at 0.12-0.13 mg / L, and the cyanide content in the soil was stable at 0.09-0.11 mg / L, with no significant changes.

[0111] After being treated with the water and soil barrier material, the cyanide content in the soil of each example gradually decreased, and the difference with the cyanide content in the water body gradually increased, while the cyanide content in the soil of the blank control remained basically unchanged. It can be seen that the water and soil barrier material can form an efficient adsorption and barrier effect on cyanide.

[0112] Table 3 Comparison of barrier effects of three materials prepared in Examples 1-3 (DDT)

[0113]

[0114]

[0115] As can be seen from Table 3, in Examples 1 to 3, the DDT content in the water was stable between 0.32 and 0.34 μg / L, while the DDT content in the soil gradually decreased from 1 day to 60 days, and decreased to about 0.005 to 0.008 μg / L on the 60th day.

[0116] In the blank control group, the DDT content in the water was stable at around 0.32-0.34 μg / L, and the DDT content in the soil was stable at between 0.027 and 0.029 μg / L, with no significant changes.

[0117] After being treated with the water and soil barrier material, the DDT content in the soil of each example gradually decreased, and the difference with the DDT content in the water body gradually increased, while the DDT content in the soil of the blank control remained basically unchanged. It can be seen that the water and soil barrier material has a highly efficient adsorption and barrier effect on DDT.

[0118] Table 4 Comparison of barrier effects of three materials prepared in Examples 1-3 (total number of bacteria)

[0119]

[0120] As can be seen from Table 4, in Examples 1 to 3, the total number of bacteria in the water gradually decreased from 1 day to 60 days, and decreased to 845 / L on the 60th day. The total number of bacteria in the soil gradually decreased from 1 day to 60 days, and decreased to 412 / L on the 60th day.

[0121] In the blank control group, the total number of bacteria in the water gradually decreased from 1 day to 60 days, and decreased to 877 / L on the 60th day. The total number of bacteria in the soil gradually decreased from 1 day to 60 days, and decreased to 807 / L on the 60th day.

[0122] After being treated with the water and soil barrier material, the total number of bacteria in the soil of each example was significantly reduced, and the difference with the total number of bacteria in the water body gradually increased, while the total number of bacteria in the soil and the total number of bacteria in the water body in the blank control decreased, but the decrease was not obvious. It can be seen that the water and soil barrier material has an efficient adsorption and barrier effect on bacteria.

[0123] It can be seen that the water and soil barrier materials of Examples 1 to 3 can selectively adsorb and filter cyanide, DDT, and bacteria, and prevent them from entering the soil.

[0124] The above technical solutions of the present invention are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the patent scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. All equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the technical concept of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An application of a water and soil barrier material, wherein the water and soil barrier material is used to block the diffusion of cyanide, DDT or bacteria from water to soil, characterized in that: Processing the water and soil barrier material into particles, and applying them in the water area at an application rate of 1-3 kg / ㎡ per square meter of water area, or; The water and soil barrier material is formed into blocks as ecological embankments of the river, wherein the thickness of the blocks is 20-50 mm; The method for preparing the water and soil barrier material is characterized by comprising: The activated carbon, the activator, the zeolite and the clay are mixed to obtain a mixture, and water is added to adjust the mixture into a slurry, followed by drying; wherein the activated carbon, the zeolite, the clay and the activator are calculated by weight in proportions of 100 parts, 85 parts, 15-30 parts and 5-10 parts, respectively; the activator is potassium hydroxide; The dried mixture was heated in the first stage under the protective gas atmosphere at a heating rate of 7 °C / min to 350 °C and kept at this temperature for 1 h; On the basis of the first stage heating, the dried mixture is further heated to 650°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min and kept warm for 2 hours, and then cooled to obtain a water and soil barrier material for preventing water pollution penetration; wherein water vapor is introduced during the heat preservation process of the second stage heating step; The preparation method of the activated carbon comprises: The coconut shell is crushed, mixed with zinc chloride and an activator, and dried to obtain a mixed powder; the activator is potassium hydroxide; The mixed powder is heated to 740-750° C. in a protective gas atmosphere and kept at this temperature for 2 hours, and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain activated carbon; The coconut shell, the zinc chloride and the activator are calculated in parts by weight, which are 100 parts, 5-7 parts and 10-15 parts respectively, and the drying temperature is 105°C.

2. The use of the water and soil barrier material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step of adding water to prepare the mixed slurry, the mixture and water are calculated by weight to be 100 parts and 40-50 parts, respectively.

3. The use of the water and soil barrier material according to claim 2, characterized in that: During the heat preservation process of the second stage of heating, the flow rate of the water vapor is 0.5 L / min, and the introduction is stopped after the heat preservation is completed.

4. The use of the water and soil barrier material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the activated carbon is ≤3 mm, and the particle size of the zeolite is ≤16 mm.

5. The use of the water and soil barrier material according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the step of heating the dried mixture in the second stage and then cooling it, the method further comprises: The floating impurities and water-soluble impurities on the surface of the cooled product are washed and removed with water, and then dried to obtain the above-mentioned water and soil barrier material.

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