A sand-carrying oil production simulation test device and test method

Abstract

The application provides a sand-carrying oil production simulation test device and a test method. The test device comprises a sand mixing area, a test wellbore, a lifting component and a collection area. The sand mixing area and the test wellbore are provided with test fluid, and the test fluid in the sand mixing area is sand-containing fluid. The sand-containing fluid in the sand mixing area is delivered into the test wellbore. The inlet of the lifting component is located in the test fluid in the test wellbore. The test method comprises the following steps: adding test fluid into the sand mixing area and the test wellbore, adding sand into the test fluid in the sand mixing area; starting the pumping component and the lifting component, closing the pumping component and the lifting component, and recording the sand content in the collection area; any parameter affecting the sand-carrying effect in the production process can be adjusted, the sand content in the collection area under different lifting component running depths or different parameters is compared, and the lifting component running depth and the parameters with the optimal sand-carrying effect are obtained. The application has the advantages of real simulation of the oil production process, good sand-carrying effect, guarantee of reliable and safe production of oil wells and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil well production, and more particularly to a sand-carrying oil production simulation test device and test method. Background Technology

[0002] Sand-carrying oil production is an effective oil production technology for shallow sand-producing oil wells. However, due to mismatches between the characteristics of the produced fluid and factors such as different development stages, different properties of the produced fluid, and different production rates, sand carrying capacity can easily occur. This can lead to sand from the reservoir not being discharged from the wellbore with the produced fluid. As a result, sand may sink in the wellbore, causing sand to bury the wellbore or jam the pump or tubing. This results in poor sand carrying capacity, low lifting efficiency, and affects the normal production of the oil well. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a sand-carrying oil production simulation test device and test method that can realistically simulate the oil production process, improve the sand-carrying effect, and ensure the reliable and safe production of oil wells.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution proposed by this invention is as follows:

[0005] A sand-carrying oil production simulation test device includes a sand-mixing zone simulating a reservoir, a test wellbore simulating an oil production wellbore, a lifting component for lifting and discharging fluid from the test wellbore, and a collection area for collecting the fluid discharged from the lifting component. Both the sand-mixing zone and the test wellbore contain test fluid simulating crude oil from the reservoir, and the test fluid in the sand-mixing zone is sand-containing fluid. The sand-containing fluid in the sand-mixing zone is transported to the test wellbore via a pumping component. The inlet of the lifting component is located within the test fluid in the test wellbore.

[0006] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0007] The pumping component includes a pumping channel connecting the sand mixing zone and the test wellbore, and a mixing pump disposed in the pumping channel, wherein the displacement of the mixing pump is the same as the lifting displacement of the lifting component.

[0008] The pumping channel is provided with a pumping inlet at the end near the test wellbore to simulate the depth of the lifting component. The pumping inlet includes an upper pumping section, a middle pumping section, and a lower pumping section. Each of the upper, middle, and lower pumping sections is equipped with an on / off valve. The suction port of the lifting component is located on the same horizontal plane as the middle pumping section.

[0009] The test wellbore is equipped with a test packer, the height of which is higher than the height of the upper pumping section, and the test fluid in the test wellbore fills the area below the test packer.

[0010] A safety valve is provided on the pumping channel; the safety valve is located downstream of the mixing pump along the pumping direction of the sand-containing fluid; the safety valve is connected to the sand-mixing zone through a drain channel, and the safety valve opens when the pumping channel is blocked and is connected to the drain channel.

[0011] The pumping channel is equipped with a flow meter for detecting the sand content of the sand-containing fluid, and the detection value of the flow meter is used to compare with the sand content value of the collection area.

[0012] The lifting components include a lifting pipe and a lifting pump. The two ends of the lifting pipe are respectively located in the test well and the collection area; the lifting pump is located on the lifting pipe.

[0013] The test wellbore is a transparent test wellbore that allows for direct observation of the movement of reservoir sand.

[0014] A test method for a sand-carrying oil production simulation test device as described above includes the following steps:

[0015] 1) Add test fluid to the sand-mixing zone and the test wellbore, and add sand to the test fluid in the sand-mixing zone;

[0016] 2) Start the pumping and lifting components, and after testing for a period of time, turn off the pumping and lifting components and record the sand content in the collection area;

[0017] 3) If the simulation considers the effect of one of the parameters—water cut, viscosity, or sand content of the reservoir fluid—on the sand-carrying effect, repeat steps 1) and 2), and adjust one of the parameters. If the simulation considers the effect of the lifting component displacement and the pumping component displacement on the sand-carrying effect, repeat step 2), and adjust one of the parameters. If the simulation considers the effect of the lifting component's insertion depth on the sand-carrying effect, before step 2), set up multiple pumping sections at different heights at the end of the pumping component near the test wellbore. During the test, only one pumping section is opened. After step 2), close the opened pumping section, open another pumping section, and repeat step 2).

[0018] 4) Compare the sand content in the collection area when the lifting components are lowered to different depths or with different parameters to obtain the optimal lifting component lowering depth and parameters for sand carrying effect.

[0019] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0020] In step 4), the sand content of the sand-containing fluid at the pumping component is detected, and the detected sand content is compared with the sand content in the collection area to calculate the sand carrying efficiency.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] The experimental apparatus of this invention includes a sand-mixing zone simulating a reservoir, a test wellbore simulating an oil wellbore, and a lifting component for lifting and discharging fluid from the test wellbore. Test fluid is present in both the sand-mixing zone and the test wellbore; the test fluid in the sand-mixing zone is sand-laden fluid. The sand-laden fluid in the sand-mixing zone is pumped into the test wellbore via a pumping component. The inlet of the lifting component is located within the test fluid in the test wellbore. This apparatus realistically simulates the entire oil production process, from reservoir fluid entering the oil wellbore and being lifted to the surface by the lifting component, providing a foundation for accurate subsequent testing and parameter optimization in sand-carrying production.

[0023] The experimental method of this invention also has the above-mentioned advantages. By simulating the changes in operating conditions during the sand-carrying production process of oil wells, that is, simulating different parameters such as the depth of the lifting component, reservoir fluid water cut, viscosity, sand content, production rate, and discharge rate of the lifting component and pumping component, the sand-carrying effect under different parameters is obtained by comparing the sand content in the collection area under different parameters. Thus, the optimal sand-carrying effect production conditions are optimized, and the optimal production parameters for sand-carrying production are obtained. This effectively improves the sand-carrying effect, avoids the problem of sand sinking into the wellbore during the production process, thereby improving the efficiency of sand-carrying oil production, reducing the cost of sand-carrying oil production, and ensuring the reliable and safe production of oil wells. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sand-carrying oil production simulation test device of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the test method for the sand-carrying oil production simulation test device of the present invention.

[0027] The labels in the diagram represent:

[0028] 1. Sand-mixing zone; 2. Test wellbore; 3. Lifting components; 31. Lifting pipe; 32. Lifting pump; 4. Collection area; 5. Test fluid; 51. Sand-containing fluid; 6. Pumping components; 61. Pumping channel; 611. Upper pumping section; 612. Middle pumping section; 613. Lower pumping section; 62. Mixed transport pump; 63. On / off valve; 64. Safety valve; 65. Drainage channel; 7. Test packer; 8. Flow meter. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 1 An embodiment of the sand-carrying oil production simulation test device of the present invention is shown. The sand-carrying oil production simulation test device includes a sand-mixing zone 1, a test wellbore 2, a lifting component 3, and a collection zone 4. The sand-mixing zone 1 simulates a reservoir, and the test wellbore 2 simulates an oil production wellbore. Test fluid 5 is provided in both the sand-mixing zone 1 and the test wellbore 2 to simulate reservoir crude oil. The test fluid 5 in the sand-mixing zone 1 is a sand-containing fluid 51 to simulate sand-containing crude oil. The sand-containing fluid 51 in the sand-mixing zone 1 is transported into the test wellbore 2 through a pumping component 6. At the same time, the inlet of the lifting component 3 is located in the test fluid 5 in the test wellbore 2 to lift and discharge the test fluid 5 in the test wellbore 2. The collection zone 4 is used to collect the test fluid 5 discharged by the lifting component 3.

[0031] The experimental device of this invention has a simple and compact structure, and realizes a real simulation of the entire oil production process, from reservoir fluid entering the wellbore from the reservoir and being lifted to the surface by the lifting component 3. This provides a basic environment for the accuracy of subsequent tests and the optimization of parameters for sand-carrying production.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the pumping component 6 includes a pumping channel 61 and a mixed-transport pump 62. The pumping channel 61 connects the sand-mixing zone 1 and the test wellbore 2; the mixed-transport pump 62 is mounted on the pumping channel 61 to provide the power for transporting the sand-laden fluid 51. In this embodiment, the displacement of the mixed-transport pump 62 is the same as the lifting displacement of the lifting component 3, ensuring that the sand-carrying oil production is always in a balanced state of inflow and outflow, thus preventing the test fluid 5 from being evacuated from the test wellbore 2.

[0033] Furthermore, a pumping inlet is provided at the end of the pumping channel 61 near the test wellbore 2. The pumping inlet includes an upper pumping section 611, a middle pumping section 612, and a lower pumping section 613, each equipped with an on / off valve 63. The suction inlet of the lifting component 3 is located on the same horizontal plane as the middle pumping section 612. This invention allows for the independent opening of the upper pumping section 611, the middle pumping section 612, and the lower pumping section 613 via the on / off valves 63, simulating the relative position of the pumping component 6 inlet to the reservoir. This provides a direct evaluation of the impact of the pumping component 6 inlet position on the sand-carrying effect, and the operation is convenient and highly reliable.

[0034] In this embodiment, a test packer 7 is provided inside the test wellbore 2. The height of the test packer 7 is higher than the height of the upper pumping section 611. The test fluid 5 inside the test wellbore 2 fills the area below the test packer 7, ensuring that the relative position between the inlet of the pumping component 6 and the reservoir can still be effectively simulated when the upper pumping section 611 is opened.

[0035] Furthermore, a safety valve 64 is installed on the pumping channel 61. Along the pumping direction of the sand-laden fluid 51, the safety valve 64 is located downstream of the mixing pump 62, and is connected to the sand-mixing zone 1 via a drain channel 65. The safety valve 64 automatically opens when the pumping channel 61 becomes blocked. The opened safety valve 64 connects to the drain channel 65, allowing the sand-laden fluid 51 to flow back to the sand-mixing zone 1. This prevents damage to components caused by high pressure in the pumping channel 61, ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the pumping component 6.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, a flow meter 8 is installed in the pumping channel 61. The flow meter 8 is located between the pumping inlet and the safety valve 64 and is used to detect the sand content of the sand-laden fluid 51. The detected value of the flow meter 8 is compared with the sand content value of the collection zone 4 to quantitatively calculate the sand-carrying efficiency under a certain operating condition. In other embodiments, the flow meter 8 may not be installed, and the sand-carrying effect may be qualitatively judged by the different sand content values ​​of the collection zone 4 under different parameters.

[0037] Furthermore, the test wellbore 2 is a transparent test wellbore. The transparent test wellbore is used to visually observe the movement of reservoir sand within the test wellbore 2, to assist in evaluating sand-carrying efficiency, to conduct an overall evaluation of the entire sand-carrying oil production effect, and to optimize the best production parameters for sand-carrying production.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, the lifting component 3 includes a lifting pipe 31 and a lifting pump 32. The two ends of the lifting pipe 31 are respectively located within the test wellbore 2 and the collection area 4; the lifting pump 32 is mounted on the lifting pipe 31. Its simple structure enables the effective lifting and discharge of the test fluid 5 within the test wellbore 2.

[0039] Figure 2 An embodiment of the test method for the above-described sand-carrying oil production simulation test device of the present invention is shown, which includes the following steps:

[0040] 1) Add test fluid 5 into the sand-mixing zone 1 and the test wellbore 2, and add sand body into the test fluid 5 in the sand-mixing zone 1;

[0041] 2) Start the pumping unit 6 and the lifting unit 3. After testing for a period of time, turn off the pumping unit 6 and the lifting unit 3, and record the sand content in the collection area 4.

[0042] 3) If the simulation considers the effect of one of the parameters of reservoir fluid water cut, reservoir fluid viscosity, and reservoir fluid sand content on sand carrying effect, repeat steps 1) and 2), and adjust one of the parameters; if the simulation considers the effect of the displacement of lifting component 3 and pumping component 6 on sand carrying effect, repeat step 2), and adjust one of the parameters; if the simulation considers the effect of the insertion depth of lifting component 3 on sand carrying effect, before step 2), set multiple pumping sections of different heights at the end of pumping component 6 near the test wellbore 2, such as upper pumping section 611, middle pumping section 612 and lower pumping section 613. During the test, only one pumping section is opened. After step 2), close the opened pumping section, open the other pumping section, and repeat step 2).

[0043] 4) Compare the sand content in the collection area 4 when the lifting component 3 is lowered to different depths or with different parameters to obtain the optimal lifting component 3 lowering depth and parameters for carrying sand.

[0044] The experimental method of this invention also has the above-mentioned advantages. By simulating the changes in working conditions during the sand-carrying production process of oil wells, that is, simulating different parameters such as the insertion depth of the lifting component 3, reservoir fluid water cut, viscosity, sand content, production rate, and discharge rate of the lifting component 3 and the pumping component 6, the sand-carrying effect under different parameters is obtained by comparing the sand content in the collection area 4 under different parameters. Thus, the optimal sand-carrying effect production conditions are optimized, and the optimal production parameters for sand-carrying production are obtained. This effectively improves the sand-carrying effect, avoids the problem of sand sinking into the wellbore during the production process, which leads to sand burying of the reservoir, thereby improving the efficiency of sand-carrying oil production, reducing the cost of sand-carrying oil production, and ensuring the reliable and safe production of oil wells.

[0045] Furthermore, in step 4), the sand content of the sand-laden fluid 51 at the pumping component 6 is detected, and the detected sand content is compared with the sand content in the collection area 4 to calculate a quantitative sand-carrying efficiency, so as to better obtain the optimal production parameters for sand-carrying production.

[0046] In this embodiment, any parameter affecting the sand-carrying effect during the production process can be adjusted. The specific operation process is as follows:

[0047] I. The Influence of the Submersion Depth of Simulated Pumping Component 6 on Sand Carrying Efficiency

[0048] Based on parameters such as water content, viscosity, and sand production of the reservoir crude oil, the test fluid 5 in the test wellbore 2 and the sand mixing zone 1 is configured, and the amount of sand added to the sand mixing zone 1 is configured. The suction port of the lifting component 3 is set at the position of the middle pumping section 612. The mixing pump 62 and the lifting pump 32 are started and set to the same discharge rate. The upper pumping section 611 and the lower pumping section 613 are closed, and the middle pumping section 612 is opened. The flow pattern of sand in the sand-containing fluid 51 after entering the test wellbore 2 is observed. After the test, the sand content in the collection zone 4 is compared with the sand content recorded by the flow meter 8, and the sand carrying efficiency under this condition is calculated.

[0049] Repeat the above operation process to calculate the sand carrying efficiency under the conditions of opening the upper pumping section 611 and the lower pumping section 613 respectively, and obtain the influence of the suction inlet position of the lifting component 3 on the sand carrying efficiency.

[0050] II. The Influence of Simulated Reservoir Fluid Water Cut on Propellant Carrying Efficiency

[0051] The suction inlet and pumping section of the fixed lifting component 3 are configured with test fluids 5 with different water contents. Without changing the sand content, viscosity and displacement of the test fluid 5 and the lifting pump 32, the sand carrying effect of the test fluid 5 at different water contents is calculated. At the same time, the migration of reservoir sand after entering the test wellbore 2 at different water contents is observed, and the optimal parameter value of reservoir fluid water content is obtained.

[0052] III. The Influence of Simulated Reservoir Fluid Viscosity on Propane Carrying Efficiency

[0053] The suction inlet and pumping section of the fixed lifting component 3 are configured with test fluids 5 of different viscosities. Without changing the sand content, water content and displacement of the test fluid 5 and the lifting pump 32, the effect of reservoir fluid viscosity on sand carrying effect is tested. At the same time, the migration of reservoir sand after entering the test wellbore 2 under different viscosities is observed, and the optimal parameter value of reservoir fluid viscosity is obtained.

[0054] IV. The impact of a simulated 32-liter lift pump displacement on sand carrying capacity

[0055] The position of the suction inlet and pumping section of the fixed lifting component 3 is adjusted, and the displacement of the lifting pump 32 is adjusted. Without changing the sand content, water content and viscosity of the test fluid 5, the effect of the displacement of the lifting pump 32 on the sand carrying effect is tested. At the same time, the migration of reservoir sand in the wellbore under different displacements of the lifting pump 32 is observed, and the optimal parameter value of the displacement of the lifting pump 32 is obtained.

[0056] V. The Influence of Simulated Produced Liquid Rate on Sand Carrying Efficiency

[0057] The position of the suction inlet and pumping section of the fixed lifting component 3 is adjusted, and the displacement of the mixed-transport pump 62 is adjusted. Without changing the sand content, water content, viscosity and displacement of the test fluid 5 and the lifting pump 32, the effect of the displacement of the mixed-transport pump 62 on the sand carrying effect is tested. At the same time, the migration of reservoir sand in the wellbore under different displacements of the mixed-transport pump 62 is observed, and the optimal parameter value of the displacement of the mixed-transport pump 62 is obtained.

[0058] Although the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications can be made and components can be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict. The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A sand-carrying oil recovery simulation test device, characterized in that, The system includes a sand-mixing zone simulating a reservoir, a test wellbore simulating an oil production wellbore, a lifting component for lifting and discharging fluid from the test wellbore, and a collection area for collecting the fluid discharged from the lifting component. Both the sand-mixing zone and the test wellbore contain test fluid simulating reservoir crude oil, and the test fluid in the sand-mixing zone is a sand-containing fluid. The sand-containing fluid in the sand-mixing zone is pumped into the test wellbore via a pumping component. The inlet of the lifting component is located within the test fluid in the test wellbore. The pumping component includes a pumping channel connecting the sand-mixing zone and the test wellbore, and a mixing pump disposed in the pumping channel, the displacement of which is the same as the lifting displacement of the lifting component. The pumping channel is provided with a pumping inlet at the end near the test wellbore to simulate the depth of the lifting component. The pumping inlet includes an upper pumping section, a middle pumping section, and a lower pumping section. Each of the upper, middle, and lower pumping sections is equipped with an on / off valve. The suction port of the lifting component is located on the same horizontal plane as the middle pumping section.

2. The sand-carrying oil recovery simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The test wellbore is equipped with a test packer, the height of which is higher than the height of the upper pumping section, and the test fluid in the test wellbore fills the area below the test packer.

3. The sand-carrying oil recovery simulation test device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, A safety valve is provided on the pumping channel; the safety valve is located downstream of the mixing pump along the pumping direction of the sand-containing fluid; the safety valve is connected to the sand-mixing zone through a drain channel, and the safety valve opens when the pumping channel is blocked and is connected to the drain channel.

4. The sand-carrying oil recovery simulation test device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The pumping channel is equipped with a flow meter for detecting the sand content of the sand-containing fluid, and the detection value of the flow meter is used to compare with the sand content value of the collection area.

5. The sand-carrying oil recovery simulation test device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The lifting components include a lifting pipe and a lifting pump. The two ends of the lifting pipe are respectively located in the test well and the collection area; the lifting pump is located on the lifting pipe.

6. The sand-carrying oil recovery simulation test device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The test wellbore is a transparent test wellbore that allows for direct observation of the movement of reservoir sand.

7. A test method for a sand-carrying oil production simulation test device as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Add test fluid to the sand-mixing zone and the test wellbore, and add sand to the test fluid in the sand-mixing zone; 2) Start the pumping and lifting components, and after testing for a period of time, turn off the pumping and lifting components and record the sand content in the collection area; 3) If the simulation considers the effect of one of the parameters—reservoir fluid water cut, reservoir fluid viscosity, or reservoir fluid sand content—on the sand-carrying effect, then repeat steps 1) and 2), and adjust one of the parameters. If the simulation shows the effect of the displacement of the lifting component and the displacement of the pumping component on the sand carrying effect, then repeat step 2) and adjust one of the parameters; If the simulation aims to influence the depth of the lifting component's descent on the sand-carrying effect, then before step 2), multiple pumping sections at different heights should be set up at the end of the pumping component near the test wellbore. During the test, only one pumping section should be opened. After step 2), the opened pumping section should be closed, another pumping section should be opened, and step 2) should be repeated. 4) Compare the sand content in the collection area when the lifting components are lowered to different depths or with different parameters to obtain the optimal lifting component lowering depth and parameters for sand carrying effect.

8. The test method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step 4), the sand content of the sand-containing fluid at the pumping component is detected, and the detected sand content is compared with the sand content in the collection area to calculate the sand carrying efficiency.

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