Heat exchange channel structure of solar photovoltaic thermal device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a heat exchange channel structure of a solar photovoltaic thermal device, the heat exchange channel structure is located below the solar cell panel of the solar photovoltaic thermal device, one end of the heat exchange channel structure is provided with a heat exchange channel water inlet, and the other end is provided with a heat exchange channel water outlet, characterized in that the heat exchange channel structure comprises two spaced metal plates, a heat exchange channel for hot water circulation is formed between the two metal plates, the solar cell panel is installed and fixed above the upper metal plate, and a heat insulation material layer is further provided below the lower metal plate. The present invention can simultaneously realize the three utilization modes of solar energy: power generation, hot water and heating, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenient control, high degree of automation, etc.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the patent "Solar Photovoltaic Thermal Storage Conversion System" with application number 202111618650.9 and application date 2021-12-28. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar energy utilization, and in particular to a heat exchange channel structure of a solar photovoltaic thermal device. Background Art

[0003] Since the Industrial Revolution, the global economy has developed rapidly, and human demand for energy has increased day by day. The energy shortage and environmental pollution caused by the extensive use of fossil energy have always been a major factor restricting the country's economic development. With the continuous growth of my country's economy, the continuous improvement of the quality of life of the people, and the rapid development of cities, building energy consumption has become an important part of my country's total energy consumption. Therefore, building energy conservation has become an important means for my country to achieve sustainable development.

[0004] Solar energy and geothermal energy are typical new energy sources with the characteristics of large storage capacity, clean pollution, and wide distribution. However, they also have disadvantages such as low energy density, difficulty in utilization, and inconvenient mining and transportation. In addition, the seasonal supply capacity of a single energy source is also in conflict with the time scale of the actual energy demand of the terminal. In particular, the utilization of solar energy varies greatly with the seasons, climate, and day and night, and the energy supply stability is poor. It is necessary to organically coordinate with different grades of energy to ensure the diversification and stabilization of energy supply and improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy. Electricity, heating, cooling, and hot water are the basic energy needs of users. The use of a variety of clean energy complementary energy supply to achieve efficient and stable cogeneration of cooling, heating, and power for users can effectively reduce dependence on traditional fossil energy, not only reduce environmental pollution problems, but also help the country achieve carbon neutrality.

[0005] At present, the main utilization technologies of solar energy are solar photovoltaic and solar thermal. Users use solar collectors to collect solar heat for domestic hot water, while solar photovoltaic uses PV cells to achieve photoelectric conversion. However, the actual photoelectric conversion efficiency of PV cells is much lower than the photoelectric conversion efficiency under experimental conditions. On the one hand, this is because the performance of the component has declined, and on the other hand, the increase in component temperature will reduce the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Relevant scholars have proposed using fluid channels on the back to take away the heat of the component to improve its photoelectric conversion performance and realize the utilization of solar thermal energy, that is, solar photovoltaic and photothermal integrated components (PV / T).

[0006] Traditional solar photovoltaic and thermal integrated modules (PV / T) are usually tube-sheet structures, that is, multiple parallel tubular fluid channels are set behind the solar panels for heat exchange. This traditional tube-sheet water-cooled PV / T module has the problem of insufficient heat exchange between the module fluid channel and the photovoltaic cell, especially the heat dissipation effect of the non-contact part of the fluid channel and the cell module is poor, the light-to-heat conversion effect of the PV module is poor, and the improvement of the photoelectric conversion effect of the PV module is not obvious. At the same time, due to the existence of the fluid channel, the cell module has uneven temperature distribution, and the uneven temperature distribution will lead to voltage and current differences inside the cell and mismatching between cells, thereby affecting the overall fill factor of the system and reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0007] In addition, although solar photovoltaic and thermal integrated components (PV / T) can effectively improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy and help promote the application of solar energy utilization technology, the intensity of solar radiation varies with the alternation of day and night, seasonal changes and weather changes. Using solar energy alone to achieve cogeneration and co-supply needs still has the disadvantage of unstable energy supply. At the same time, during the non-heating period in summer, although PV / T components produce a lot of heat, it can only be used to supply domestic hot water. Because PV / T components need to meet the electricity needs of users, there are a large number of PV / T components, so the hot water produced in summer is also sufficient, and there is far more than enough for domestic hot water, but in winter, there is often insufficient energy supply, so there is still a mismatch between supply and demand, resulting in low energy utilization efficiency. In addition, in winter nights, there is also the defect that the ambient temperature is too low, which causes the water heat conduction in the solar photovoltaic and thermal integrated components to freeze; and it is also necessary to further consider how to solve the contradiction between the seasonal supply capacity of a single energy source and the time scale of the actual energy demand of the terminal, and organically coordinate different grades of energy to improve the diversity of energy supply and the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy.

[0008] In order to improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy, the applicant considered using sunlight to generate electricity and collecting solar heat to heat the hot water used in the user's room, while also collecting surplus solar energy to heat the room. However, what system structure should be adopted to implement this method and make it simple in structure, easy to control, and highly automated has become a problem that needs further consideration and resolution. Summary of the invention

[0009] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to provide a solar photovoltaic thermal storage conversion system that can simultaneously realize the three utilization modes of solar energy for power generation, hot water and heating, and make it have the characteristics of simple structure, convenient control, high degree of automation, etc. The present invention also discloses a heat exchange channel structure of a solar photovoltaic thermal device.

[0010] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0011] A solar photovoltaic thermal storage conversion system includes a solar photovoltaic thermal device, the solar photovoltaic thermal device includes a solar cell panel located on the upper surface (the solar cell panel is connected to the power grid through a photovoltaic inverter integrated machine), and a first thermometer for detecting the temperature of the solar cell panel is also provided on the solar photovoltaic thermal device. A heat exchange channel structure is also provided under the solar cell panel, and a heat exchange channel water inlet is provided at one end of the heat exchange channel structure, and a heat exchange channel water outlet is provided at the other end. A domestic hot water tank is connected between the heat exchange channel water inlet and the heat exchange channel water outlet through a hot water exchange pipe to form a circulation, and the domestic hot water tank is connected to a domestic hot water pipe, and a first water pump and a first water pump are installed on the hot water exchange pipe. A switch valve, characterized in that it also includes a phase change heat storage container, in which phase change heat storage container is stored phase change heat storage material, and the phase change heat storage container is also provided with a heat collection side heat exchange coil and a heat supply side heat exchange coil, the heat collection side heat exchange coil is connected in parallel to the two ends of a domestic hot water tank through a waste heat heat exchange pipeline, the first switch valve is located in the hot water exchange pipe and on the pipeline section connected in parallel with the waste heat heat exchange pipeline, the first water pump is located in the hot water exchange pipe and on the pipeline section connected in series with the waste heat heat exchange pipeline, the second switch valve is arranged on the waste heat heat exchange pipeline, the domestic hot water tank is also provided with a second thermometer, the first thermometer and the second thermometer are respectively connected to a central controller, and the central controller is respectively connected to the first water pump, the first switch valve and the second switch valve.

[0012] In this way, while realizing the dual utilization of solar power generation and hot water in the present invention, the surplus heat can be further stored in the phase change material and used as a heat source for house heating. Therefore, the solar energy utilization efficiency of the existing solar photovoltaic thermal integrated assembly is greatly improved, and the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy is improved. Specifically, when the system is working, the solar panels in the solar photovoltaic thermal device are exposed to the sun, and can generate electricity and supply power to the power grid. At the same time, the temperature of the solar panel is detected by the first thermometer. When the temperature is too high and affects the power generation efficiency, the first water pump and the first switch valve are automatically controlled by the central controller to open (if the temperature of the first thermometer is too low, the first water pump is closed to stop heat exchange), and the second switch valve is closed, so that the hot water exchange pipe and the domestic hot water tank are connected to form a loop. The excess heat in the solar photovoltaic thermal device is taken away by the water flow through the heat exchange channel structure, and the solar panel is cooled to ensure its photoelectric conversion efficiency. The heat taken away is stored in the domestic hot water tank, and the domestic hot water pipe is connected to the family life for use. At the same time, in this process, the temperature in the domestic hot water tank is detected and monitored by the second thermometer. When the temperature in the domestic hot water tank exceeds the set value, the first switch valve is closed and the second switch valve is opened, so that the hot water circulated in the solar photovoltaic thermal device can flow into the phase change heat storage container and store heat by phase change transformation of the phase change heat storage material. Therefore, while realizing the dual utilization of solar power generation and hot water, the surplus heat can be further stored in the phase change material and used as a heat source for house heating. Therefore, the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy is greatly improved, and the effect of automatic control is also achieved. In addition, during implementation, water pumps and switch valves can be added to control the places where the power is insufficient in each pipeline and the places where the water flow needs to be controlled. In addition, during implementation, all electronic control devices can be connected to the central controller to facilitate automatic control.

[0013] Furthermore, the first thermometer is a thermocouple thermometer, and the second thermometer is an immersion thermometer.

[0014] This makes it easier to install and test the temperature in the corresponding testing environment.

[0015] Furthermore, the solar photovoltaic thermal device is arranged at an angle, and a buffer water tank is also installed on the hot water exchange pipe below the solar photovoltaic thermal device. The upper end of the buffer water tank is a water inlet end and the lower end is a water outlet end, and the upper inner cavity is arranged empty. The volume of the empty part of the inner cavity of the buffer water tank is larger than the inner cavity volume of the heat exchange channel structure in the solar photovoltaic thermal device, and the first water pump is installed on the hot water exchange pipe connected to the water outlet end of the buffer water tank.

[0016] In this way, when the temperature of the solar panel is too low and the first water pump is turned off to stop heat exchange, the hot water in the inner cavity of the heat exchange channel structure of the solar photovoltaic thermal device can flow to the buffer water tank for storage under the action of its own weight. In this way, the water flow is gathered in the buffer water tank for storage to avoid excessive cooling, and can be used to supplement hot water in the domestic hot water tank. At the same time, the water flows out of the solar photovoltaic thermal device naturally, which can avoid the problem of staying in the solar photovoltaic thermal device and causing ice and damage on winter nights.

[0017] Furthermore, a water supply pipe is connected to the domestic hot water tank, the water supply pipe is connected to the municipal water pipe, and a third switch valve is arranged on the water supply pipe.

[0018] In this way, it is convenient to refill the domestic hot water tank.

[0019] Furthermore, the third switch valve is connected to the central controller, and a water level detection sensor is also arranged in the domestic hot water tank, and the water level detection sensor is connected to the central controller.

[0020] In this way, the water level in the domestic hot water tank can be easily detected to achieve automatic control of water replenishment.

[0021] Furthermore, a fourth switch valve and an electric heater are installed on the domestic hot water pipeline.

[0022] Like this, conveniently when the hot water temperature in the domestic hot water tank is not enough, rely on the electric heater to realize heating and hot water supply.During implementation, the fourth switch valve and the electric heater can be connected to each other with the central controller to facilitate automatic control.

[0023] Furthermore, in the solar photovoltaic thermal device, a glass layer is provided on the upper surface of the solar cell panel, and the glass layer and the solar cell panel are both encapsulated and fixed in a fixed frame so that an isolation layer is formed between the glass layer and the solar cell panel.

[0024] In this way, sunlight shines through the glass layer to the solar panels to generate electricity. The glass layer separates the solar panels from the outside air, which can prevent the heat generated by sunlight shining on the solar panels from being carried away by the outside wind and causing heat loss, thereby improving heat utilization efficiency.

[0025] Furthermore, the heat exchange channel structure includes two spaced-apart metal plates, a heat exchange channel for hot water circulation is formed between the two metal plates, the solar cell panel is installed and fixed above the upper metal plate, and a thermal insulation material layer is also provided below the lower metal plate.

[0026] In this way, the heat of the solar panel can be conveniently conducted to the water flow in the heat exchange channel through the metal plate and taken away, and the heat loss due to outward dissipation can be avoided.

[0027] Furthermore, the solar cell panel is fixed to the upper metal plate by means of the EVA adhesive layer; a hard back-sealing layer is also arranged below the thermal insulation material layer, and the metal plate, the thermal insulation material layer and the back-sealing layer are all encapsulated in the frame.

[0028] In this way, the overall structure has the advantages of being compact, reliable, stable and easy to install.

[0029] Furthermore, a number of diverter blocks with equilateral triangle horizontal cross-sections are fixedly clamped between the two metal plates. The diverter blocks are evenly distributed so that parallel water channels are formed on both sides between adjacent diverter blocks. At the same time, in the direction of water flow, any water channels formed by two adjacent diverter blocks connected front and back are staggered.

[0030] This is because the reliability and stability of photovoltaic power generation need to be given priority in solar photovoltaic and thermal devices. Therefore, after the above structure is set, the presence of the diversion block can not only better conduct heat, but also its structure makes the water flow enter between the two metal plates, and after flowing forward along each water flow channel formed between adjacent diversion blocks, it will hit the tip of the diversion block in front and then divert, so the water flow can be more effectively dispersed in the direction of the entire plane where the water flow is located, thus greatly improving the uniformity of heat exchange at various positions on the entire plane, and better ensuring the stability of solar panel power generation; and the structure can also increase the hydraulic retention time for better heat exchange and improve heat exchange efficiency.

[0031] Furthermore, the diverter block is hollow and filled with phase change material.

[0032] In this way, the phase change material can play a role in pre-heat storage. The phase change temperature of the phase change material in the shunt block can be set within the temperature range of controlling the start and stop of the first water pump (usually the first thermometer detects the temperature of the solar panel and controls the start of the first water pump to have a temperature control range. If it is higher than the range, the first water pump is controlled to start, and if it is lower than the range, the first water pump is controlled to stop). In this way, when the temperature of the solar panel rises, the heat is first transferred to the shunt block, and the phase change material (usually a solid-liquid phase change material with a small volume change) undergoes a phase change to achieve energy storage. After the phase change material is completed, the temperature continues to rise and exceeds the preset temperature range, and the first water pump is started, so that the heat exchange water enters the heat exchange channel structure for heat exchange. During the heat exchange process, the overall temperature will be maintained at the phase change temperature of the phase change material until the phase change of the phase change material is completed, the temperature continues to decrease, and after it is lower than the preset temperature, the first water pump stops working. In this way, by utilizing the heat storage function of the phase change material, the temperature range of the water pump start can be controlled within a very small range, and at the same time, the temperature in the heat exchange channel is maintained at a fixed temperature during the heat exchange process, which greatly ensures the temperature stability of the solar panel and improves the photovoltaic power generation efficiency. At the same time, the structure cleverly sets the phase change material in the inner cavity of the diverter block, which can conduct heat from multiple sides and greatly improve the heat conduction efficiency. At the same time, because the phase change material is dispersed in multiple diverter blocks, the volume of the phase change material in each place is not large, and the three sides of the diverter block are exposed in the heat exchange channel, so the wall thickness of the inner cavity of the diverter block can be set to be thinner, and the toughness of the thin-walled metal is used to solve the problem that the phase change material is difficult to seal and easy to leak due to the expansion and contraction of the phase change process, and the problem that the phase change resistance of the phase change material increases due to insufficient space during the phase change process.

[0033] Furthermore, the three side surfaces of the diverter block in the direction of the water flow are all concave arc surfaces, and a distortion is gradually formed along the arc direction of the arc surface in the direction of the water flow (similar to a semi-cylindrical structure and a distortion is gradually formed along the axial direction at both ends along the cross-sectional circle, that is, the two ends of the semi-cylinder are twisted along the cross-sectional circle).

[0034] In this way, the arc surface can better increase the contact area between the diverter block and the water flow, and the arc surface forms a certain distortion in the direction of the water flow, which can guide the water flow to flow forward while generating a rotational motion toward the inner walls of the metal plates on both sides, so that the water flow can be guided to flush the inner walls of the metal plates on both sides, and better avoid scaling (because the inner walls of the metal plates are usually set as uneven rough surfaces to increase the contact area with the water flow and better exchange heat, but such rough surfaces have the defect of easy scaling); this flushing itself can also better generate turbulent turbulence, increase the degree of chaos of the water flow in the channel, and thus improve the convective heat transfer effect. Furthermore, the twisting directions of the two adjacent diverter block sides in the direction of the water flow are opposite. The above effects can be better improved.

[0035] As another option, the side surface of the diverter block is inclined so that the diverter block is in a prism shape, and the prism directions of two adjacent diverter blocks along the direction of water flow are opposite.

[0036] In this way, the above-mentioned effects of increasing the contact area between the diversion block and the water flow, guiding the water flow to change direction during the forward movement to flush the inner walls of the metal plates on both sides to avoid scaling, and better creating the degree of water flow chaos to improve the convective heat exchange performance can also be achieved.

[0037] Furthermore, the metal plate and the diverter block are both made of aluminum.

[0038] In this way, heat conduction and heat transfer can be better.

[0039] Furthermore, the heating side coil in the phase change thermal storage container is connected to a house temperature control system, which includes the phase change thermal storage container and the heating side coil therein, the output end and the return end of the heating side coil are each connected to an input side heat exchanger of a heat pump through a heating pipe to form a circulation, and the user side heat exchanger of the heat pump is connected to the indoor temperature control device in the room to form a circulation.

[0040] In this way, the heat output by the solar photovoltaic thermal device and stored in the phase change thermal storage container can be converted into a higher-grade heat source through a heat pump and used to heat the room, further developing and improving the thermal utilization efficiency of the solar photovoltaic thermal device.

[0041] Furthermore, the house temperature control system also includes an underground pipe network arranged underground in the house building. The output end and the return end of the buried pipe network are each connected to the input side heat exchanger of the heat pump through a cooling pipe to form a circulation, so that the buried pipe network and the heating side coil in the phase change heat storage container are connected in parallel.

[0042] In this way, the characteristics of underground soil being warm in winter and cool in summer can be fully utilized. In winter, phase change thermal storage containers can be used to heat the house. When the heat in the phase change thermal storage container is insufficient, the underground pipe network can be used to heat the house alone or together. At the same time, in summer, the underground pipe network can also be used as a cold source to cool the house, greatly improving the system's ability to control the temperature inside the house.

[0043] Furthermore, after the two heating pipes are respectively connected in parallel with the two cooling pipes, they are connected to the input side heat exchanger of the heat pump through two heat pump input connecting pipes, a fifth switch valve is arranged on the heating pipe connected to the output end of the heating side coil, a sixth switch valve is arranged on the heat pump input connecting pipe, and a second water pump is also arranged on one heat pump input connecting pipe; it also includes a short-circuit switching pipe and a reflux switching pipe, both ends of the short-circuit switching pipe are connected to the two heat pump input connecting pipes and separate the second water pump and the sixth switch valve, the second water pump is located between the short-circuit switching pipe and the phase change heat storage container, and the seventh switch valve is installed on the short-circuit switching pipe; the two ends of the reflux switching pipe are respectively connected to the output end of the buried pipe network and the reflux end of the heating side coil, an eighth switch valve is installed on the cooling pipe connected to the output end of the buried pipe network, a ninth switch valve is installed on the reflux switching pipe, and a tenth switch valve is installed on the heating pipe connected to the reflux end of the heating side coil.

[0044] In this way, the above-mentioned pipeline connection structure can not only realize the parallel connection of the underground pipe network and the phase change thermal storage container, but also realize the series connection of the underground pipe network and the phase change thermal storage container through the switching control of the corresponding switch valve and pipeline, so that after the underground pipe network is used to cool the house in summer, the series connection of the underground pipe network and the phase change thermal storage container is adjusted in the transition season, and the excess heat in the phase change thermal storage container is supplemented and stored in the underground pipe network, and in winter when the heat in the phase change thermal storage container is insufficient, the heat stored in the underground pipe network can be relied on to better heat the house. Therefore, it is possible to better realize the conversion, storage and utilization of energy, greatly improving the overall utilization efficiency of solar energy. Specifically, when controlling the phase change thermal storage container to heat the house, it is only necessary to open the fifth switch valve, the second water pump, the sixth switch valve and the tenth switch valve, and close the seventh switch valve, the eighth switch valve and the ninth switch valve to achieve control. When controlling the underground pipe network to provide heating or cooling for the house, it is only necessary to open the eighth switch valve, the second water pump, the sixth switch valve, and close the fifth switch valve, the seventh switch valve, the ninth switch valve, and the tenth switch valve to achieve control. When controlling the phase change thermal storage container to supplement the heat storage for the underground pipeline, it is only necessary to open the fifth switch valve, the second water pump, the seventh switch valve, the ninth switch valve, and close the sixth switch valve, the eighth switch valve, and the tenth switch valve to achieve control. In this way, fewer pipelines are used, and only one water pump is needed to achieve the switching control of several heat exchange modes, which greatly simplifies the components and reduces the cost. During implementation, the above-mentioned switch valves and water pumps are connected to the central controller to facilitate automatic control. During implementation, a third thermometer is also provided in the phase change thermal storage container, which can better detect the temperature of the phase change thermal storage container to assist in control. During implementation, the third thermometer can be connected to the central controller to achieve automatic detection and control. During implementation, the third thermometer is an invasive temperature probe to facilitate temperature detection.

[0045] Furthermore, the phase change heat storage material in the phase change heat storage container adopts a hydrated inorganic salt phase change material with CaCl2·6H2O as the main component. The specific preparation method is: after sampling according to the mass ratio of anhydrous CaCl2 to H2O of 1.027:1, the anhydrous CaCl2 component is added to deionized water and stirred until completely dissolved, and the weighed mass fraction of 2.0% graphene nanosheets is added to the CaCl2 solution and ultrasonically vibrated for 15 minutes, and then 0.2% SrCl2·6H2O is added as an effective nucleating agent.

[0046] In this way, the hydrated inorganic salt phase change material is a mixed phase change thermal storage material, which can be characterized as 2.0%GnPs / 0.2%SrCl2·6H2O / CaCl2·6H2O. The phase change temperature of the phase change material is 30-35°C. Although the traditional CaCl2·6H2O hydrated inorganic salt phase change material has a higher phase change latent heat capacity, its thermal conductivity is average. Therefore, incorporating 2.0% graphene nanosheets into the phase change thermal storage material can greatly improve its thermal conductivity and improve the heat dissipation effect of the device.

[0047] Furthermore, the heat pump includes an input-side heat exchanger and a user-side heat exchanger that are arranged opposite to each other. The two output ends of the input-side heat exchanger are connected to the two input ends of the user-side heat exchanger through two circulation connecting pipes to form a circulation. A thermal expansion valve is arranged on one circulation connecting pipe, and a four-way reversing valve is arranged on the other circulation connecting pipe. Two interfaces of the four-way reversing valve are connected to the circulation connecting pipe, and the other two interfaces of the four-way reversing valve are connected to two bypass pipes. The other ends of the two bypass pipes are connected back to the circulation connecting pipe, and a compressor is arranged on one of the bypass pipes.

[0048] In this way, a heat cycle is formed between the input side heat exchanger and the user side heat exchanger. During the heat cycle, the compressor works to achieve heat conversion and heat quality improvement, and the switching of the four-way reversing valve changes the circulation direction to achieve switching control between pump heating and pump cooling. The structure is simple and the control is reliable.

[0049] Furthermore, the two output ends of the user-side heat exchanger in the heat pump are respectively connected to a user connecting pipe, a third water pump is arranged on the user connecting pipe, and a three-way valve is respectively arranged at one end of the two user connecting pipes away from the heat pump. The two interfaces of the three-way valve on the user connecting pipe for output are respectively connected to the input end of a ceiling cold radiation device and the input end of a floor heat radiation device through pipes, and the two interfaces of the three-way valve on the user connecting pipe for reflux are respectively connected to the output end of the ceiling cold radiation device and the output end of the floor heat radiation device through pipes. The ceiling cold radiation device is installed at the top of the house, and the floor heat radiation device is installed at the bottom of the house.

[0050] In this way, the ceiling cold radiation device is used to cool the interior of the house from above, and the floor heat radiation device is used to heat the interior of the house from below, which can better improve the efficiency of cold and heat supply and human comfort.

[0051] Furthermore, the ceiling cold radiation device includes a floor layer, a ceiling insulation layer, a ceiling phase change material heat storage layer and a suspended top layer arranged in sequence from top to bottom, the ceiling phase change material heat storage layer has a vertically arranged ceiling bracket, and also has ceiling water pipes arranged in a horizontally spaced arrangement, and the ceiling water pipes are arranged on the input end and the output end of the ceiling cold radiation device.

[0052] In this way, the cold water generated by the heat pump passes through the ceiling water pipe to cool the room. Part of the cold energy is transferred to the ceiling through convection heat transfer and heat conduction, and then cools the room through convection heat transfer and radiation heat transfer. The other part of the cold energy is stored in the ceiling phase change material heat storage layer where the ceiling water pipe is located. When the heat pump is not working, the cold energy stored in the phase change heat storage layer directly provides cooling. The bracket plays a role in strengthening support to prevent the phase change material from falling due to phase change caused by heating, and the insulation layer plays a role in heat preservation.

[0053] Furthermore, the phase change material MEPCM in the ceiling phase change material heat storage layer is used as a phase change material, and is prepared with 80 mesh wood powder and high-density polyethylene as carrier matrices. The specific production process is: first, the 80 mesh wood powder is soaked in a 15% NaOH solution for 48 hours, and then, after rinsing and natural air drying, it is placed in an oven at 80°C for 12 hours, and then the surface of the wood powder is secondary treated with a silane coupling agent; then, 24.2% MEPCM, 23.4% 80 mesh wood powder, 46.8% high-density polyethylene, 5.6% micro-powder graphite and a small amount of processing aids polyethylene wax and stearic acid are put into a high-speed mixer, first mixed at a low speed and then at a high speed; then the mixed material is hot-pressed and plasticized to obtain the obtained product.

[0054] This is because considering that the phase change material heat storage layer is located on the ceiling, the direct use of solid-liquid phase change heat storage material is prone to leakage and difficult maintenance. Therefore, a composite new polymer-based FSPCM can be used as a phase change material during implementation. Its characteristics are that a stable solid-solid phase change material similar to a solid phase change material is formed by using a phase change material and a carrier matrix, which is non-fluid. Specifically, the phase change heat storage material uses MEPCM as a phase change material, and 80 mesh wood powder and high-density polyethylene are used as carrier matrices. The production process is as follows: 80 mesh wood powder is soaked in a 15% NaOH solution for 48 hours, rinsed, naturally air-dried, and placed in an oven at 80°C for 12 hours, and then the surface of the wood powder is treated with a silane coupling agent. 24.2% MEPCM, 23.4% 80 mesh wood powder, 46.8% high-density polyethylene, 5.6% micro-powder graphite and a small amount of processing aids polyethylene wax and stearic acid are put into a high-speed mixer, first mixed at a low speed, and then mixed at a high speed. Weigh a certain amount of material according to the required sample thickness, put it into the female mold and spray the mold surface with a release agent before paving the material. Close the male mold and put it into the hot press for hot pressing and plasticization. The hot pressing temperature can be selected from 150-175℃, the hot pressing pressure can be selected from 4-10MPa, and the hot pressing time is 20-40min. Finally, the mold is sent to the cold press for pressure holding, cooling and shaping. The cold pressing pressure can be selected from 10-14MPa, and the product is obtained when the mold temperature is lower than 50℃. The phase change temperature of the composite new polymer-based FSPCM material is 15-18℃, which is very suitable for use here for cooling houses.

[0055] Furthermore, the floor heat radiation device includes a floor layer, a floor phase change material heat storage layer, a floor insulation layer and a base layer arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and the floor phase change material heat storage layer is provided with a vertically arranged floor bracket and horizontally spaced floor water pipes, and the floor water pipes are provided with an input end and an output end of the floor heat radiation device.

[0056] In this way, the hot water generated by the heat pump passes through the floor water pipes to heat the floor heat radiation device. Part of the heat is transferred to the floor layer through convection and conduction, and then heats the room through convection and radiation. The other part of the heat is stored in the floor phase change material heat storage layer on both sides of the water pipe layer. When the heat pump is not working, the heat stored in the phase change material directly provides heating. The floor bracket supports the floor layer to prevent the collapse of the phase change material due to the phase change of temperature, and the floor insulation layer plays a role in heat preservation.

[0057] Furthermore, the phase change heat storage material in the floor phase change material heat storage layer adopts inorganic phase change material, and the formula by mass percentage is: 27% calcium chloride hexahydrate, 25% water, 23% strontium chloride hexahydrate, 7.5% sodium chloride, 7.5% maleic anhydride, 6.5% sodium formate and 3.5% potassium persulfate.

[0058] In this way, the phase change temperature of the phase change material is 40°C to 45°C, which can well meet the heating temperature requirements of floor heating.

[0059] In summary, the present invention can realize three utilization modes of solar energy, namely power generation, hot water and heating, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenient control and high degree of automation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the solar photovoltaic light-thermal heat storage conversion system used in the present invention. The dotted line in the figure represents the control circuit.

[0061] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the layered structure of a single solar photovoltaic thermal device.

[0062] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the planar layout of a diversion block structure in a solar photovoltaic and thermal device.

[0063] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the planar layout of another diversion block structure in a solar photovoltaic thermal device.

[0064] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the layered structure of the ceiling cooling radiation device.

[0065] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the layered structure of the floor heat radiation device. Implementation

[0066] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0067] Implementation method: A solar photovoltaic thermal storage conversion system, such as Figure 1-6As shown, it includes a solar photovoltaic thermal device 1, which includes a solar cell panel 2 located on the upper surface, the solar cell panel 2 is connected to the power grid 4 through a photovoltaic inverter integrated machine 3, and the photovoltaic inverter integrated machine 3 is simultaneously connected to a storage battery 5 during implementation. The solar photovoltaic thermal device is also provided with a first thermometer 6 for detecting the temperature of the solar cell panel 2, and a heat exchange channel structure is also provided below the solar cell panel 2, a heat exchange channel water inlet is provided at one end of the heat exchange channel structure, and a heat exchange channel water outlet is provided at the other end, a domestic hot water tank 8 is connected between the heat exchange channel water inlet and the heat exchange channel water outlet through a hot water exchange pipe 7 to form a circulation, the domestic hot water tank 8 is connected to a domestic hot water pipe 9, and a first water pump 10 and a first switch valve 11 are installed on the hot water exchange pipe 7, which The heat storage device also includes a phase change heat storage container 12, in which phase change heat storage material is stored. A heat collection side heat exchange coil 13 and a heat supply side heat exchange coil 14 are also arranged in the phase change heat storage container 12. The heat collection side heat exchange coil 13 is connected in parallel to the two ends of the domestic hot water tank 8 through a waste heat heat exchange pipeline 15. The first switch valve 11 is located in the hot water exchange pipe 7 and the pipeline section connected in parallel with the waste heat heat exchange pipeline. The first water pump 10 is located in the hot water exchange pipe and the pipeline section connected in series with the waste heat heat exchange pipeline. A second switch valve 16 is arranged on the waste heat heat exchange pipeline 15. A second thermometer 17 is also arranged in the domestic hot water tank 8. The first thermometer 6 and the second thermometer 17 are respectively connected to the central controller 18, and the central controller 18 is respectively connected to the first water pump 10, the first switch valve 11 and the second switch valve 16.

[0068] In this way, when the system is working, the solar panels in the solar photovoltaic thermal device are exposed to the sun, and can generate electricity and supply power to the grid. At the same time, the temperature of the solar panel is detected by the first thermometer. When the temperature is too high and affects the power generation efficiency, the first water pump and the first switch valve are automatically controlled by the central controller to open (if the temperature of the first thermometer is too low, the first water pump is closed to stop the heat exchange), and the second switch valve is closed, so that the hot water exchange pipe and the domestic hot water tank are connected to form a loop. The excess heat in the solar photovoltaic thermal device is taken away by the water flow through the heat exchange channel structure, and the solar panel is cooled to ensure its photoelectric conversion efficiency. The heat taken away is stored in the domestic hot water tank, and the domestic hot water pipe is connected to the family life. At the same time, the temperature in the domestic hot water tank is detected and monitored by the second thermometer in the process. When the temperature in the domestic hot water tank exceeds the set value, the first switch valve is closed and the second switch valve is opened, so that the hot water circulated and exported from the solar photovoltaic thermal device can flow into the phase change heat storage container, and store heat by phase change transformation of the phase change heat storage material. Therefore, while achieving the dual utilization of solar power generation and hot water, the surplus heat can be further stored in the phase change material and used as a heat source for house heating. Therefore, the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy is greatly improved, and the effect of automatic control is also achieved. In addition, during implementation, water pumps and switch valves can be added to control the places where the power is insufficient in each pipeline and where the water flow needs to be controlled. In addition, during implementation, all electronic control devices can be connected to the central controller to facilitate automatic control.

[0069] The first thermometer 6 is a thermocouple thermometer, and the second thermometer 17 is an immersion thermometer.

[0070] This makes it easier to install and test the temperature in the corresponding testing environment.

[0071] Among them, the solar photovoltaic thermal device 1 is arranged at an angle, and a buffer water tank 19 is also installed on the hot water exchange pipe below the solar photovoltaic thermal device 1. The upper end of the buffer water tank 19 is a water inlet end and the lower end is a water outlet end, and the upper inner cavity is arranged empty. The volume of the empty part of the inner cavity of the buffer water tank 19 is larger than the inner cavity volume of the heat exchange channel structure in the solar photovoltaic thermal device. The first water pump 10 is installed on the hot water exchange pipe connected to the water outlet end of the buffer water tank 19.

[0072] In this way, when the temperature of the solar panel is too low and the first water pump is turned off to stop heat exchange, the hot water in the inner cavity of the heat exchange channel structure of the solar photovoltaic thermal device can flow to the buffer water tank for storage under the action of its own weight. In this way, the water flow is gathered in the buffer water tank for storage to avoid excessive cooling, and can be used to supplement hot water in the domestic hot water tank. At the same time, the water flows out of the solar photovoltaic thermal device naturally, which can avoid the problem of staying in the solar photovoltaic thermal device and causing ice and damage on winter nights.

[0073] The domestic hot water tank 8 is also connected to a water supply pipe, which is connected to a municipal water pipe, and a third switch valve 20 is provided on the water supply pipe.

[0074] In this way, it is convenient to refill the domestic hot water tank.

[0075] The third switch valve 20 is connected to the central controller 18 , and a water level detection sensor 21 is also provided in the domestic hot water tank 8 , and the water level detection sensor 21 is connected to the central controller.

[0076] In this way, the water level in the domestic hot water tank can be easily detected to achieve automatic control of water replenishment.

[0077] Among them, a fourth switch valve 22 and an electric heater 23 are installed on the domestic hot water pipe 9.

[0078] Like this, conveniently when the hot water temperature in the domestic hot water tank is not enough, rely on the electric heater to realize heating and hot water supply.During implementation, the fourth switch valve and the electric heater can be connected to each other with the central controller to facilitate automatic control.

[0079] Among them, in the solar photovoltaic thermal device 1, a glass layer 24 is also provided on the upper surface of the solar cell panel 2, and the glass layer 24 and the solar cell panel are both encapsulated and fixed in a fixed frame 26 so that an isolation layer 25 is formed between the glass layer and the solar cell panel.

[0080] In this way, sunlight shines through the glass layer to the solar panels to generate electricity. The glass layer separates the solar panels from the outside air, which can prevent the heat generated by sunlight shining on the solar panels from being carried away by the outside wind and causing heat loss, thereby improving heat utilization efficiency.

[0081] The heat exchange channel structure includes two spaced metal plates 27, a heat exchange channel 28 for hot water circulation is formed between the two metal plates 27, the solar cell panel 2 is installed and fixed above the upper metal plate, and a thermal insulation material layer 29 is also provided below the lower metal plate.

[0082] In this way, the heat of the solar panel can be conveniently conducted to the water flow in the heat exchange channel through the metal plate and taken away, and the heat loss due to outward dissipation can be avoided.

[0083] The solar cell panel 2 is fixed to the upper metal plate by means of an EVA adhesive layer 30 ; a hard back-sealing layer 31 is also provided below the thermal insulation material layer; the metal plate 27 , the thermal insulation material layer 29 and the back-sealing layer 31 are all encapsulated in the frame 26 .

[0084] In this way, the overall structure has the advantages of being compact, reliable, stable and easy to install.

[0085] Among them, a number of diverter blocks 32 with equilateral triangle horizontal cross-sections are fixedly clamped between the two metal plates 27. The diverter blocks 32 are evenly distributed so that parallel water flow channels are formed on both sides between adjacent diverter blocks. At the same time, in the direction of water flow, any water flow channels formed by two adjacent diverter blocks connected front and back are staggered.

[0086] This is because the reliability and stability of photovoltaic power generation need to be given priority in solar photovoltaic and thermal devices. Therefore, after the above structure is set, the presence of the diversion block can not only better conduct heat, but also its structure makes the water flow enter between the two metal plates, and after flowing forward along each water flow channel formed between adjacent diversion blocks, it will hit the tip of the diversion block in front and then divert, so the water flow can be more effectively dispersed in the direction of the entire plane where the water flow is located, thus greatly improving the uniformity of heat exchange at various positions on the entire plane, and better ensuring the stability of solar panel power generation; and the structure can also increase the hydraulic retention time for better heat exchange and improve heat exchange efficiency.

[0087] The diverter block 32 is hollow and filled with phase change material.

[0088] In this way, the phase change material can play a role in pre-heat storage. The phase change temperature of the phase change material in the shunt block can be set within the temperature range of controlling the start and stop of the first water pump (usually the first thermometer detects the temperature of the solar panel and controls the start of the first water pump to have a temperature control range. If it is higher than the range, the first water pump is controlled to start, and if it is lower than the range, the first water pump is controlled to stop). In this way, when the temperature of the solar panel rises, the heat is first transferred to the shunt block, and the phase change material (usually a solid-liquid phase change material with a small volume change) undergoes a phase change to achieve energy storage. After the phase change material is completed, the temperature continues to rise and exceeds the preset temperature range, and the first water pump is started, so that the heat exchange water enters the heat exchange channel structure for heat exchange. During the heat exchange process, the overall temperature will be maintained at the phase change temperature of the phase change material until the phase change of the phase change material is completed, the temperature continues to decrease, and after it is lower than the preset temperature, the first water pump stops working. In this way, by utilizing the heat storage function of the phase change material, the temperature range of the water pump start can be controlled within a very small range, and at the same time, the temperature in the heat exchange channel is maintained at a fixed temperature during the heat exchange process, which greatly ensures the temperature stability of the solar panel and improves the photovoltaic power generation efficiency. At the same time, the structure cleverly sets the phase change material in the inner cavity of the diverter block, which can conduct heat from multiple sides and greatly improve the heat conduction efficiency. At the same time, because the phase change material is dispersed in multiple diverter blocks, the volume of the phase change material in each place is not large, and the three sides of the diverter block are exposed in the heat exchange channel, so the wall thickness of the inner cavity of the diverter block can be set to be thinner, and the toughness of the thin-walled metal is used to solve the problem that the phase change material is difficult to seal and easy to leak due to the expansion and contraction of the phase change process, and the problem that the phase change resistance of the phase change material increases due to insufficient space during the phase change process.

[0089] Among them, see Figure 2-Figure 3 The three side surfaces of the diverter block 32 in the direction of the water flow are all concave arc surfaces, and a distortion is gradually formed along the arc direction of the arc surface in the direction of the water flow (similar to a semi-cylindrical structure and a distortion is gradually formed along the cross-sectional circle at both ends along the axial direction, that is, the two ends of the semi-cylinder are twisted along the cross-sectional circle).

[0090] In this way, the arc surface can better increase the contact area between the diverter block and the water flow, and the arc surface forms a certain distortion in the direction of the water flow, which can guide the water flow to flow forward while generating a rotational motion toward the inner walls of the metal plates on both sides, so that the water flow can be guided to flush the inner walls of the metal plates on both sides, and better avoid scaling (because the inner walls of the metal plates are usually set as uneven rough surfaces to increase the contact area with the water flow and better heat exchange, but such rough surfaces have the defect of easy scaling); this flushing itself can also better generate turbulent turbulence, increase the degree of chaos of the water flow in the channel, and thus improve the convective heat transfer effect. Among them, the twisting directions of the two adjacent diverter block sides in the direction of the water flow are opposite. The above effect can be better improved.

[0091] As an alternative see Figure 4 The side of the diverter block 32 is tilted so that the diverter block is in a prism shape, and the prism directions of two adjacent diverter blocks along the water flow direction are opposite. The reference numeral 28 in the figure indicates a heat exchange channel.

[0092] In this way, the above-mentioned effects of increasing the contact area between the diversion block and the water flow, guiding the water flow to change direction during the forward movement to flush the inner walls of the metal plates on both sides to avoid scaling, and better creating the degree of water flow chaos to improve the convective heat exchange performance can also be achieved.

[0093] The metal plate 27 and the diverter block 32 are both made of aluminum.

[0094] In this way, heat conduction and heat transfer can be better.

[0095] Among them, the heating side coil 14 in the phase change thermal storage container 12 is connected to a house temperature control system, and the house temperature control system includes the phase change thermal storage container and the heating side coil 14 therein. The output end and the return end of the heating side coil are each connected to an input side heat exchanger 36 of a heat pump 40 through a heating pipe 35 to form a circulation, and the user side heat exchanger 37 of the heat pump 40 is connected to the indoor temperature control device in the room to form a circulation.

[0096] In this way, the heat output by the solar photovoltaic thermal device and stored in the phase change thermal storage container can be converted into a higher-grade heat source through a heat pump and used to heat the room, further developing and improving the thermal utilization efficiency of the solar photovoltaic thermal device.

[0097] Among them, the house temperature control system also includes an underground pipe network 38 arranged underground in the house building. The output end and the return end of the buried pipe network 38 are respectively connected to the input side heat exchanger 37 of the heat pump 40 through a cooling pipe 39 to form a circulation, so that the buried pipe network and the heating side coil in the phase change heat storage container are connected in parallel.

[0098] In this way, the characteristics of underground soil being warm in winter and cool in summer can be fully utilized. In winter, phase change thermal storage containers can be used to heat the house. When the heat in the phase change thermal storage container is insufficient, the underground pipe network can be used to heat the house alone or together. At the same time, in summer, the underground pipe network can also be used as a cold source to cool the house, greatly improving the system's ability to control the temperature inside the house.

[0099] Among them, after the two heating pipes 35 are connected in parallel with the two cooling pipes 39 respectively, they are connected to the input side heat exchanger 36 of the heat pump 40 through two heat pump input connecting pipes 41, and a fifth switch valve 45 is arranged on the heating pipe 35 connected to the output end of the heating side coil, and a sixth switch valve 46 is arranged on the heat pump input connecting pipe. A second water pump 42 is also arranged on one heat pump input connecting pipe; it also includes a short-circuit switching pipe 43 and a reflux switching pipe 44, and the two ends of the short-circuit switching pipe are connected to the two heat pump input connecting pipes and the first The second water pump 42 is separated from the sixth switch valve 46, and the second water pump 42 is located between the short-circuit switching pipe and the phase change heat storage container 12. The seventh switch valve 47 is installed on the short-circuit switching pipe 43; the two ends of the reflux switching pipe 44 are respectively connected to the output end of the buried pipe network 38 and the reflux end of the heating side coil 14, and the eighth switch valve 48 is installed on the cooling pipe connected to the output end of the buried pipe network, the ninth switch valve 49 is installed on the reflux switching pipe, and the tenth switch valve 50 is installed on the heating pipe connected to the reflux end of the heating side coil.

[0100] In this way, the above-mentioned pipeline connection structure can not only realize the parallel connection of the underground pipe network and the phase change thermal storage container, but also realize the series connection of the underground pipe network and the phase change thermal storage container through the switching control of the corresponding switch valve and pipeline, so that after the underground pipe network is used to cool the house in summer, the series connection of the underground pipe network and the phase change thermal storage container is adjusted in the transition season, and the excess heat in the phase change thermal storage container is supplemented and stored in the underground pipe network, and in winter when the heat in the phase change thermal storage container is insufficient, the heat stored in the underground pipe network can be relied on to better heat the house. Therefore, it is possible to better realize the conversion, storage and utilization of energy, greatly improving the overall utilization efficiency of solar energy. Specifically, when controlling the phase change thermal storage container to heat the house, it is only necessary to open the fifth switch valve, the second water pump, the sixth switch valve and the tenth switch valve, and close the seventh switch valve, the eighth switch valve and the ninth switch valve to achieve control. When controlling the underground pipe network to provide heating or cooling for the house, it is only necessary to open the eighth switch valve, the second water pump, the sixth switch valve, and close the fifth switch valve, the seventh switch valve, the ninth switch valve, and the tenth switch valve to achieve control. When controlling the phase change thermal storage container to supplement the heat storage for the underground pipeline, it is only necessary to open the fifth switch valve, the second water pump, the seventh switch valve, the ninth switch valve, and close the sixth switch valve, the eighth switch valve, and the tenth switch valve to achieve control. In this way, fewer pipelines are used, and only one water pump is needed to achieve the switching control of several heat exchange modes, which greatly simplifies the components and reduces the cost. During implementation, the above-mentioned switch valves and water pumps are connected to the central controller to facilitate automatic control. During implementation, a third thermometer is also provided in the phase change thermal storage container, which can better detect the temperature of the phase change thermal storage container to assist in control. During implementation, the third thermometer can be connected to the central controller to achieve automatic detection and control. During implementation, the third thermometer is an invasive temperature probe to facilitate temperature detection.

[0101] Among them, the phase change heat storage material in the phase change heat storage container 12 adopts a hydrated inorganic salt phase change material with CaCl2·6H2O as the main component. The specific preparation method is: after sampling according to the mass ratio of anhydrous CaCl2 to H2O of 1.027:1, the anhydrous CaCl2 component is added into deionized water and stirred until it is completely dissolved, and the weighed mass fraction of 2.0% graphene nanosheets is added into the CaCl2 solution and ultrasonically vibrated for 15 minutes, and then 0.2% SrCl2·6H2O is added as an effective nucleating agent.

[0102] In this way, the hydrated inorganic salt phase change material is a mixed phase change thermal storage material, which can be characterized as 2.0%GnPs / 0.2%SrCl2·6H2O / CaCl2·6H2O. The phase change temperature of the phase change material is 30-35°C. Although the traditional CaCl2·6H2O hydrated inorganic salt phase change material has a higher phase change latent heat capacity, its thermal conductivity is average. Therefore, incorporating 2.0% graphene nanosheets into the phase change thermal storage material can greatly improve its thermal conductivity and improve the heat dissipation effect of the device.

[0103] The heat pump 40 includes an input-side heat exchanger 36 and a user-side heat exchanger 37 which are arranged opposite to each other. The two output ends of the input-side heat exchanger 36 and the two input ends of the user-side heat exchanger 37 are connected to each other through two circulation connecting pipes to form a circulation. A thermal expansion valve 51 is arranged on one circulation connecting pipe, and a four-way reversing valve 52 is arranged on the other circulation connecting pipe. Two interfaces of the four-way reversing valve 52 are connected to the circulation connecting pipe, and the other two interfaces of the four-way reversing valve 52 are connected to two bypass pipes. The other ends of the two bypass pipes are connected back to the circulation connecting pipe, and a compressor 54 is arranged on one of the bypass pipes.

[0104] In this way, a heat cycle is formed between the input side heat exchanger and the user side heat exchanger. During the heat cycle, the compressor works to achieve heat conversion and heat quality improvement, and the switching of the four-way reversing valve changes the circulation direction to achieve switching control between pump heating and pump cooling. The structure is simple and the control is reliable.

[0105] Among them, the two output ends of the user-side heat exchanger 37 in the heat pump 40 are respectively connected to a user connecting pipe, and a third water pump 53 is arranged on the user connecting pipe. A three-way valve 55 is respectively arranged at one end of the two user connecting pipes 40 away from the heat pump. The two interfaces of the three-way valve on the user connecting pipe for output are respectively connected to the input end of a ceiling cold radiation device 56 and the input end of a floor heat radiation device 57 through pipes, and the two interfaces of the three-way valve on the user connecting pipe for reflux are respectively connected to the output end of the ceiling cold radiation device 56 and the output end of the floor heat radiation device 57 through pipes. The ceiling cold radiation device is installed at the top of the house, and the floor heat radiation device is installed at the bottom of the house.

[0106] In this way, the ceiling cold radiation device is used to cool the interior of the house from above, and the floor heat radiation device is used to heat the interior of the house from below, which can better improve the efficiency of cold and heat supply and human comfort.

[0107] Among them, see Figure 5The ceiling cold radiation device 56 includes a floor layer 60, a ceiling insulation layer 61, a ceiling phase change material heat storage layer 62 and a suspended top layer 63 arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The ceiling phase change material heat storage layer 62 has a vertically arranged ceiling bracket 64, and also has a ceiling water pipe 65 arranged horizontally at intervals. The ceiling water pipe 65 is provided with an input end and an output end of the ceiling cold radiation device.

[0108] In this way, the cold water generated by the heat pump passes through the ceiling water pipe to cool the room. Part of the cold energy is transferred to the ceiling through convection heat transfer and heat conduction, and then cools the room through convection heat transfer and radiation heat transfer. The other part of the cold energy is stored in the ceiling phase change material heat storage layer where the ceiling water pipe is located. When the heat pump is not working, the cold energy stored in the ceiling phase change heat storage layer directly provides cooling. The bracket plays a role in strengthening support to prevent the phase change material from falling due to phase change caused by heating, and the insulation layer plays a role in heat preservation.

[0109] Among them, the phase change material MEPCM in the ceiling phase change material heat storage layer is used as the phase change material, and is made with 80 mesh wood powder and high-density polyethylene as the carrier matrix. The specific production process is: first, the 80 mesh wood powder is soaked in a 15% NaOH solution for 48 hours, rinsed and naturally air-dried, and then placed in an oven at 80°C for 12 hours, and then the surface of the wood powder is treated with a silane coupling agent for a secondary treatment; then 24.2% MEPCM, 23.4% 80 mesh wood powder, 46.8% high-density polyethylene, 5.6% micro-powder graphite and a small amount of processing aids polyethylene wax and stearic acid are put into a high-speed mixer, first mixed at a low speed and then at a high speed; then the mixed materials are hot-pressed and plasticized to obtain the obtained product.

[0110] This is because considering that the phase change material heat storage layer is located on the ceiling, the direct use of solid-liquid phase change heat storage material is prone to leakage and difficult maintenance. Therefore, a composite new polymer-based FSPCM can be used as a phase change material during implementation. Its characteristics are that a stable solid-solid phase change material similar to a solid phase change material is formed by using a phase change material and a carrier matrix, which is non-fluid. Specifically, the phase change heat storage material uses MEPCM as a phase change material, and 80 mesh wood powder and high-density polyethylene are used as carrier matrices. The production process is as follows: 80 mesh wood powder is soaked in a 15% NaOH solution for 48 hours, rinsed, naturally air-dried, and placed in an oven at 80°C for 12 hours, and then the surface of the wood powder is treated with a silane coupling agent. 24.2% MEPCM, 23.4% 80 mesh wood powder, 46.8% high-density polyethylene, 5.6% micro-powder graphite and a small amount of processing aids polyethylene wax and stearic acid are put into a high-speed mixer, first mixed at a low speed, and then mixed at a high speed. Weigh a certain amount of material according to the required sample thickness, put it into the female mold and spray the mold surface with a release agent before paving the material. Close the male mold and put it into the hot press for hot pressing and plasticization. The hot pressing temperature can be selected from 150-175℃, the hot pressing pressure can be selected from 4-10MPa, and the hot pressing time is 20-40min. Finally, the mold is sent to the cold press for pressure holding, cooling and shaping. The cold pressing pressure can be selected from 10-14MPa, and the product is obtained when the mold temperature is lower than 50℃. The phase change temperature of the composite new polymer-based FSPCM material is 15-18℃, which is very suitable for use here for cooling houses.

[0111] Among them, see Figure 6 The floor heat radiation device 57 includes a floor layer 66, a floor phase change material heat storage layer 67, a floor heat insulation layer 68 and a base layer 69 arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The floor phase change material heat storage layer 67 has a vertically arranged floor bracket 70 and horizontally spaced floor water pipes 71. The floor water pipes 71 are provided with an input end and an output end of the floor heat radiation device.

[0112] In this way, the hot water generated by the heat pump passes through the floor water pipes to heat the floor heat radiation device. Part of the heat is transferred to the floor layer through convection and conduction, and then heats the room through convection and radiation. The other part of the heat is stored in the floor phase change material heat storage layer on both sides of the water pipe layer. When the heat pump is not working, the heat stored in the phase change material directly provides heating. The floor bracket supports the floor layer to prevent the collapse of the phase change material due to the phase change of temperature, and the floor insulation layer plays a role in heat preservation.

[0113] Among them, the phase change heat storage material in the floor phase change material heat storage layer adopts inorganic phase change material, and the formula by mass percentage is: 27% calcium chloride hexahydrate, 25% water, 23% strontium chloride hexahydrate, 7.5% sodium chloride, 7.5% maleic anhydride, 6.5% sodium formate and 3.5% potassium persulfate.

[0114] In this way, the phase change temperature of the phase change material is 40°C to 45°C, which can well meet the temperature requirements of floor heating.

[0115] In this way, on the one hand, considering that the phase change energy storage is built into the buried pipes in the room, it can save the energy consumption of the water pump and the heat loss when the circulating medium flows. On the other hand, the use of phase change thermal storage materials to store energy improves the operating efficiency of the heat pump unit and the water pump and saves operating costs. The two phase change energy storage materials are considered separately because the temperatures of heating and cooling are different and cannot be mixed. Researchers have found that the floor heating effect and comfort level of radiant heating are higher, while the ceiling cooling effect and comfort level of radiant cooling are better. Therefore, two phase change materials with different phase change temperatures and properties are selected to meet the energy supply needs and provide users with a more comfortable living environment.

[0116] Therefore, this system meets the user's electricity demand through photovoltaic modules, battery packs, and the national power grid, uses the cooling channels in the heat exchange layer to recover the waste heat of the modules, and combines buried pipes, auxiliary electric heating equipment, and radiation energy supply with phase change thermal storage materials to meet the user's heating, cooling, and hot water needs. It effectively meets the basic energy needs of users, increases the service life of photovoltaic modules and the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation, improves the operating efficiency of heat pump units and water pumps, effectively reduces dependence on conventional energy, reduces environmental pollution, and realizes the flexibility, reliability, energy saving, and economy of the coordinated supply of multi-energy complementary systems.

Claims

1. A heat exchange channel structure of a solar photovoltaic thermal device, the heat exchange channel structure is located below the solar cell panel of the solar photovoltaic thermal device, one end of the heat exchange channel structure is provided with a heat exchange channel water inlet, and the other end is provided with a heat exchange channel water outlet, characterized in that: The heat exchange channel structure includes two spaced metal plates, a heat exchange channel for hot water circulation is formed between the two metal plates, the solar cell panel is installed and fixed above the upper metal plate, and a heat insulation material layer is also arranged below the lower metal plate; A number of diversion blocks with equilateral triangle horizontal cross-sections are fixedly arranged between the two metal plates. The diversion blocks are evenly distributed so that parallel water flow channels are formed between adjacent diversion blocks. At the same time, in the direction of water flow, any water flow channels formed by two adjacent diversion blocks connected front and back are staggered. The diverter block is hollow and filled with phase change material; The phase change temperature of the phase change material in the diverter block is within the temperature range for controlling the start and stop of the first water pump.

2. The heat exchange channel structure of the solar photovoltaic thermal device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The solar cell panel is fixed on the upper metal plate by means of an EVA adhesive layer; a hard back-sealing layer is also arranged below the thermal insulation material layer, and the metal plate, the thermal insulation material layer and the back-sealing layer are all encapsulated in a frame.

3. The heat exchange channel structure of the solar photovoltaic thermal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three side surfaces of the flow dividing block in the direction of the water flow are all concave arc surfaces, and a distortion along the arc direction where the arc surface is located is gradually formed in the direction of the water flow.

4. The heat exchange channel structure of the solar photovoltaic thermal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side surface of the diverter block is inclined so that the diverter block is in a prism shape, and the prism directions of two adjacent diverter blocks along the forward direction of the water flow are opposite.

5. The heat exchange channel structure of the solar photovoltaic thermal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal plate and the diverter stop are made of aluminum.

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