Method for water resource utilization of ice lake in high mountain and high cold region

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of disaster prevention and reduction and resource utilization, and particularly discloses a high-mountain alpine ice lake water resource utilization method. The method is characterized in that: first, ice lake parameters are obtained through a method combining multi-source remote sensing measurement and on-site measurement investigation checking, and the dam body stability of an ice-dam is analyzed; then, according to the analysis result of the dam body stability, the design standard requirement of the protection object downstream of the ice-dam, and the predicted breaching parameters, multi-row pile column structure engineering facilities are arranged and controlled to reinforce the dam body; then, the current water storage capacity, the maximum water storage capacity and the standard water storage capacity of the ice-dam are obtained, the relationship between the current water storage capacity and the standard water storage capacity is comprehensively analyzed, and after the collected electricity demand is collected, a one-way water resource utilization scheme or a composite water resource utilization scheme is selected. The application converts the water body with potential harm into clean energy for utilization, and also reduces the risk of ice lake breaching.

Description

A method for the resource utilization of glacial lake water in high-altitude and cold regions Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of disaster prevention, mitigation and resource utilization technology, and in particular to a method for the resource utilization of glacial lake water in high-altitude and cold regions. Background Technology

[0002] With global warming, glacial lake outburst events are occurring more frequently in high-altitude, cold mountainous regions around the world. These events often damage infrastructure such as highways, railways, and water conservancy projects, and can even block rivers, forming giant barrier lakes that can then lead to massive floods that destroy riverside villages and towns, affecting areas stretching thousands of kilometers and causing severe economic losses and casualties. From the 1930s to the early 21st century, the number of recorded glacial lake outburst events globally showed a significant increasing trend, while my country experienced 33 severe glacial lake outburst floods and debris flows. Statistics show that in 2015, China had a total of 17,300 glacial lakes, of which 11,501 were glacier-charged lakes, accounting for 74.6% of the total area and 66.5% of the total number of glacial lakes in China. The development of glacial lakes is not only related to the number and area of ​​glaciers, but also to the rate of glacier melting; the more numerous, larger, and faster the glaciers melt, the more conducive it is to the development and expansion of glacial lakes.

[0003] The widespread high mountains and glaciers in western China provide the basic conditions for the development of glacial lakes. Current climate warming and the retreat of large amounts of glaciers have resulted in glacial material loss and the formation of depressions after glacial retreat, providing ample water replenishment and development space for the growth and expansion of glacial lakes. It is estimated that the total water resources of glacial lakes in the high-altitude and cold regions of western China in 2013 were approximately 274.8 × 10⁻⁶. 8 m 3 Furthermore, the water volume of the glacial lake shows a clear increasing trend.

[0004] In the existing technology, Chinese invention patents CN201610630522.9 (patent application number CN201610630522.9) and CN106250635B (authorization announcement number CN106250635B) disclose a method for preventing and controlling glacial lake outburst debris flows and its application, proposing to use the reinforcement of glacial till dams to regulate the outflow process of the outburst flood, thereby controlling the formation of debris flows; and CN202010714145.3 (patent application number CN202010714145.3) and CN111809556B (authorization announcement number CN111809556B) disclose a method for preventing and controlling glacial lake outburst flood debris flows, proposing a flood debris flow treatment method with stepwise energy regulation as the core. However, the existing technology lacks technical solutions that fully utilize naturally formed glacial till dams and water resources within glacial lakes, specifically addressing the characteristics of glacial lakes.

[0005] Therefore, the research team explored a method for the resource utilization of glacial lakes in high-altitude and cold regions, which has the advantages of natural dams and large water potential energy. This method can not only convert potentially hazardous water bodies into clean energy for use, but also reduce the risk of glacial lake outbursts, which has significant practical significance and development and application value. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the lack of existing technologies for utilizing glacial lake water resources in high-altitude and cold regions, this invention provides a method for the resource utilization of glacial lake water in high-altitude and cold regions. This method transforms potentially hazardous water bodies into clean energy for utilization and also reduces the risk of glacial lake outbursts.

[0007] This invention provides a method for the utilization of glacial lake water resources in high-altitude and cold regions, specifically for determining water resource utilization schemes for glacial lakes with glacial moraine dams. The method first obtains glacial lake parameters through a combination of multi-source remote sensing measurements and on-site surveys and verification, and analyzes the stability of the glacial moraine dam. Then, based on the dam stability analysis results, the design standards for downstream protection objects of the glacial moraine dam, and predicted failure parameters, a multi-row pile-column structure is deployed to reinforce the dam. Next, the current water storage, maximum water storage, and standard water storage of the glacial moraine dam are obtained. After comprehensively analyzing the relationship between the current water storage and the standard water storage, as well as the collected electricity demand, a unidirectional water resource utilization scheme or a composite water resource utilization scheme is selected.

[0008] The parameters of the glacial lake include: average water level, average width of the dam crest, average height of the dam body, volume of the dam body, cross-sectional area of ​​the lake water at the dam body, and median particle size of the dam body material.

[0009] The predicted failure parameters include: the length of the failure segment.

[0010] Furthermore, obtaining the current water storage, maximum water storage, and standard water storage of the glacial moraine dam specifically refers to: firstly, using the topographic contour method to plot points on a topographic map to obtain the relationship curve between the glacial lake water level and the glacial lake reservoir capacity, denoted as the water level-reservoir capacity curve; then, estimating the safe freeboard of the dam body based on relevant historical parameters of the glacial lake, and then calculating the standard water storage level from the difference between the average height of the dam body and the safe freeboard of the dam body; finally, obtaining the standard water storage corresponding to the standard water storage level, the maximum water storage corresponding to the average height of the dam body, and the current water storage corresponding to the average water level measured during the on-site survey from the water level-reservoir capacity curve.

[0011] Furthermore, when selecting a water resource utilization plan based on a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the current water storage and the standard water storage, and the collected electricity demand:

[0012] If the current water storage is significantly less than the standard water storage, a one-way water resource utilization scheme shall be adopted.

[0013] If the current water storage is significantly greater than the standard water storage and the electricity demand changes little, then a one-way water resource utilization scheme shall be adopted.

[0014] If the current water storage is significantly greater than the standard water storage and the electricity demand changes considerably, a composite water resource utilization scheme shall be adopted.

[0015] If the difference between the current water storage and the standard water storage is small, either a one-way water resource utilization scheme or a combined water resource utilization scheme can be adopted.

[0016] Among them, the difference between the current water storage and the standard water storage is less than 10%, which is considered a small difference, while the daily average electricity consumption has peak and off-peak periods, which is considered a situation with large fluctuations in electricity demand.

[0017] Furthermore, the one-way water resource utilization scheme adopted when the current water storage is significantly less than the standard water storage specifically refers to the following: First, a water-retaining structure is constructed in the downstream channel of the glacial moraine dam, forming a reservoir between the glacial moraine dam and the water-retaining structure; then, a water diversion channel is constructed in the water-retaining structure, and a hydroelectric power generation device is installed at the tail of the water-retaining structure; then, one end of the water diversion pipe is placed across the top of the dam into the glacial lake inside the glacial moraine dam, and the other end of the water diversion pipe is placed into the reservoir. The water in the glacial lake is introduced into the reservoir using the siphon principle. After the water storage capacity of the reservoir is equivalent to the standard water storage capacity of the glacial moraine dam, the water in the reservoir is used to generate electricity through the hydroelectric power generation device, and the downstream tailwater discharged through the tailwater pipe of the hydroelectric power generation device is used for irrigation or directly discharged into the main channel.

[0018] Furthermore, when the current water storage is significantly greater than the standard water storage and the change in electricity demand is relatively small, the one-way water resource utilization scheme specifically refers to: directly installing a hydroelectric power generation device on the tail end of the reinforced dam body, and opening a water diversion channel on the dam body to divert the water from the glacial lake inside the moraine dam to the hydroelectric power generation device, using the drop to generate electricity, and using the downstream tailwater discharged through the tailwater pipe of the hydroelectric power generation device for irrigation or directly discharged into the main river channel.

[0019] Furthermore, the composite water resource utilization scheme adopted when the current water storage is significantly greater than the standard water storage and the electricity demand fluctuates greatly refers to the following: First, a water-retaining structure is constructed in the downstream channel of the glacial moraine dam, forming a reservoir between the glacial moraine dam and the water-retaining structure. Hydropower generation devices are then installed on the reinforced dam body and the water-retaining structure, respectively, thus establishing two pumped-storage power stations using the dam body and the water-retaining structure. Next, the glacial moraine dam body serves as the upper reservoir, and the water-retaining structure serves as the lower reservoir, utilizing high-power water pumps to pump water from the lower reservoir. Water is pumped from the pool into the reservoir until the accumulated water volume of the reservoir is equivalent to the current water volume of the glacial moraine dam, at which point pumping stops. During off-peak electricity demand, only the pumped-storage power station on the dam is used for hydroelectric power generation. During peak electricity demand, both the pumped-storage power stations on the dam and the water-retaining structure are used for hydroelectric power generation simultaneously. The tailwater discharged through the tailwater pipe of the pumped-storage power station on the dam is introduced into the reservoir. The tailwater discharged through the tailwater pipe of the pumped-storage power station on the water-retaining structure is used for irrigation or directly discharged into the main river channel.

[0020] Furthermore, when the two pumped-storage power stations are generating hydroelectric power simultaneously, they also use high-power water pumps to pump water from the reservoir to the upper reservoir to replenish the water volume, thereby improving the power generation efficiency.

[0021] Furthermore, the dimensions of the water-retaining structure are consistent with those of the glacial moraine dam, and it is constructed using reinforced concrete.

[0022] It should be noted that, in the above water resource utilization schemes, whether it is a one-way water resource utilization scheme or a composite water resource utilization scheme, the potential energy formed by the drop of water flow is converted into electrical energy. However, due to the differences in parameters such as the elevation of the ice lake, water volume, and downstream electricity consumption, the water diversion methods in each specific scheme are not exactly the same.

[0023] Furthermore, the analysis of the stability of the glacial till dam specifically refers to: calculating the stability parameter DBI based on the formula for the dimensionless accumulation index of geomorphology, using the average height of the dam, the volume of the dam, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the lake water at the dam; and then calculating the median particle size parameter lgd based on the formula for the median particle size of the dam material. 50 Finally, the stability parameter DBI and the median particle size parameter lgd were considered together. 50 Analyze dam stability: If DBI < 3.6 and lgd 50 If DBI > 2.1, the dam body is in a stable state; if DBI > 3.6 or lgd 50 If the value is less than 1.0, the dam body is in an unstable state.

[0024] Furthermore, the multi-row pile structure project adopts a three-row pile structure layout; wherein, the distance between the first row of pile structures and the dam crest axis is 0-0.2 times the average width of the glacial moraine dam crest, the distance between the second row of pile structures and the dam crest axis is 0.4-0.6 times the average width of the glacial moraine dam crest, and the distance between the third row of pile structures and the dam crest axis is 0.8-1.0 times the average width of the glacial moraine dam crest; the spacing between pile structures in the same row is 0.1-0.4 times the length of the breach section in the predicted breach parameters; each pile structure is a cylindrical structure with a diameter of 0.5-2.0m, and the height of each pile structure is 0.5-0.7 times the average height of the dam body; the pile structure is made of concrete or reinforced concrete.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0026] (1) The method for utilizing glacial lake water resources in high-altitude and cold regions described in this invention comprehensively analyzes the relationship between the current water storage and the standard water storage and the electricity demand data, selects a one-way water resource utilization scheme or a composite water resource utilization scheme, and utilizes the glacial lake water resources; it not only converts water resources into clean energy for utilization, but also reduces the risk of glacial lake outburst floods and debris flows.

[0027] (2) The method for utilizing glacial lake water resources in high-altitude and cold regions described in this invention can not only minimize the threat and harm to railways, highways, water conservancy facilities, etc. in the downstream areas of the glacial lake, but also help to optimize and adjust the industrial structure and energy structure, and achieve energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0028] (3) The method for utilizing glacial lake water resources in high-altitude and cold regions described in this invention is not simply to use water resources for power generation, agricultural irrigation, etc., but to first reinforce the glacial moraine dam body in combination with glacial lake parameters. On the one hand, it can effectively prevent floods and mudslides caused by the breach of glacial lake water storage. On the other hand, the reinforced glacial moraine dam is used to form the upper reservoir of the pumped storage power station, making full use of the geographical characteristics and making resource utilization more reasonable. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a water conservancy project in a one-way water resource utilization method.

[0030] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a water conservancy project in another one-way water resource utilization method.

[0031] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a water conservancy project in a composite water resource utilization method.

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Glacial lake; 2. Glacial moraine dam; 31. First row of pile structure; 32. Second row of pile structure; 33. Third row of pile structure; 4. Hydropower generation device; 5. Water intake pipe; 6. Tailrace pipe; 7. Water intake channel; 8. Water-retaining structure. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The following detailed description, in conjunction with specific embodiments, further illustrates the above-described content of the present invention. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention to the following examples. Various substitutions or modifications made based on ordinary technical knowledge and conventional methods in the art without departing from the above-described technical concept of the present invention should be included within the scope of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1:

[0035] This embodiment discloses a method for the utilization of glacial lake water resources in high-altitude and cold regions, and determines a water resource utilization scheme for glacial lake 1 with a glacial moraine dam 2. The method first obtains glacial lake parameters through a combination of multi-source remote sensing measurements and on-site surveys and verification, and analyzes the stability of the dam body of the glacial moraine dam 2. Then, based on the analysis results of the dam stability, the design standards of the downstream protection objects of the glacial moraine dam 2, and the predicted failure parameters, a multi-row pile-column structure engineering facility is deployed to reinforce the dam body. Next, the current water storage, maximum water storage, and standard water storage of the glacial moraine dam 2 are obtained. After comprehensively analyzing the relationship between the current water storage and the standard water storage, as well as the collected electricity demand, a unidirectional water resource utilization scheme or a composite water resource utilization scheme is selected.

[0036] In conducting multi-source remote sensing measurements, several mature technologies, including large-scale map surveying, were employed, combined with on-site measurement and verification methods, to obtain numerous glacial lake parameters, serving as crucial reference data for subsequent engineering design. In actual engineering design, a multitude of glacial lake parameters are involved, including but not limited to: average water level, average dam crest width, average dam height, dam volume, cross-sectional area of ​​lake water at the dam, median particle size of dam material, glacial lake capacity, dam crest elevation, dam crest axis length, and related historical parameters of the glacial lake. However, the primary data used in this technical solution are average water level, average dam crest width, average dam height, dam volume, cross-sectional area of ​​lake water at the dam, and median particle size of dam material. Similarly, in actual engineering design, numerous predicted breach parameters are involved, including but not limited to: breach length, flood volume, and downstream flood volume. However, the primary data used in this technical solution is the breach length. The length of the breach section is the length along the vertical direction of the river at the location where the glacial moraine dam 2 may breach, which can be obtained through on-site mapping.

[0037] To prevent the glacial moraine dam 2 from becoming unstable and collapsing during water resource utilization, a stability analysis of the dam body is necessary, followed by the selection of appropriate reinforcement measures based on the dam's stability status. Reinforcement is typically only required when the dam is in an unstable state. However, considering the stability and service life requirements of this water conservancy project, this method necessitates dam reinforcement regardless of its stability; the only difference lies in the specific reinforcement measures employed.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the method described in this embodiment proposes two major categories of ice lake water resource utilization schemes: unidirectional water resource utilization schemes and composite water resource utilization schemes. Furthermore, it proposes a scientific method to determine the suitable water resource utilization scheme for each ice lake 1 based on a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the current water storage and the standard water storage and the collected electricity demand data.

[0039] Example 2:

[0040] This embodiment further illustrates, based on Embodiment 1, the method for utilizing glacial lake water resources in high-altitude and cold regions, specifically including the following steps S1-S5.

[0041] Step S1: First, obtain multiple glacial lake parameters by combining multi-source remote sensing measurements with on-site surveys and verification.

[0042] The parameters of the glacial lake include:

[0043] Average water level h, in meters;

[0044] The average width of the dam crest, B, is in meters.

[0045] The average height H of the dam body is in meters.

[0046] Dam volume V, unit: m 3 ;

[0047] The cross-sectional area A of the lake water at the dam site C Unit: m 2 ;

[0048] Median particle size d50 of dam material, unit: mm;

[0049] The predicted failure parameters include:

[0050] The length of the breach section is L0, in meters.

[0051] Step S2: Analyze the stability of the glacial moraine dam 2.

[0052] In the study of dam stability assessment, previous researchers proposed the Blockage Index (BI); the calculation formula is as follows:

[0053] ;

[0054] Later, IERMINI et al., based on this, used 84 real-world case studies to validate their findings and proposed a geomorphic dimensionless blockage index, known as the DBI, which is an effective method for determining dam stability. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0055] ;

[0056] The formula introduces an average dam height index as an important measure for assessing the stability of the dam under overtopping and piping failure conditions. However, the DBI formula's judgment results are not entirely accurate; the influence of the dam's material composition must be further considered to increase the reliability of the results. Therefore, the stability parameter DBI and the median particle size parameter lgd are used. 50 Analyze the stability of the dam body.

[0057] The principle for determining the dam body using the above formula is: if DBI < 3.6 and lgd 50 If DBI > 2.1, the dam body is in a stable state; if DBI > 3.6 or lgd 50 If the value is less than 1.0, the dam body is in an unstable state.

[0058] Step S3: Next, based on the analysis results of the dam stability, the design standard requirements of the downstream protection object of the glacial moraine dam 2, and the predicted failure parameters, the multi-row pile structure engineering facilities are deployed to reinforce the dam body.

[0059] To prevent the glacial moraine dam 2 from becoming unstable and collapsing during water resource utilization, it is necessary to reinforce the dam body. The reinforcement measures adopted are basically the same as the pile-column structure engineering used in the Chinese invention patent with patent application number CN201610630522.9 and authorization announcement number CN106250635B.

[0060] When laying out a row of pile-column structures, the distance between the pile-column structure and the dam crest axis is 0-0.2 times the average width B of the dam crest.

[0061] When two rows of pile structures are laid out, the distance between the first row of pile structures 31 and the dam crest axis is 0-0.2 times the average width B of the dam crest, and the distance between the second row of pile structures 32 and the dam crest axis is 0.4-0.6 times the average width B of the dam crest.

[0062] When the three rows of pile structures are laid out, the distance between the first row of pile structures 31 and the dam crest axis is 0-0.2 times the average width B of the dam crest, the distance between the second row of pile structures 32 and the dam crest axis is 0.4-0.6 times the average width B of the dam crest, and the distance between the third row of pile structures 33 and the dam crest axis is 0.8-1.0 times the average width B of the dam crest.

[0063] Taking into account the stability and service life requirements of the entire water conservancy project, a preferred embodiment is usually selected to use a three-row pile structure. Furthermore, the spacing b between the pile structures in the same row is 0.1-0.4 times the predicted breach length L0 in the breach parameters.

[0064] Furthermore, each individual pile structure is a cylindrical structure with a diameter of 0.5-2.0m, and the height of each individual pile structure is 0.5-0.7 times the average height of the dam.

[0065] Furthermore, the pile-column structure is made of concrete or reinforced concrete. The concrete is generally C20 or C25, and the reinforcement ratio of the reinforced concrete pile-column structure is generally 0.5%-1.5%.

[0066] Step S4: Obtain the current water storage V of glacial moraine dam 2 n Maximum water storage capacity V max and standard water storage capacity V S .

[0067] First, the topographic contour method is used to plot points on the topographic map to obtain the relationship curve between the water level and the reservoir capacity of the glacial lake, which is denoted as the water level-reservoir capacity curve.

[0068] Then, the safe freeboard of the dam is estimated based on relevant historical parameters of the glacial lake, and the standard water level is calculated from the difference between the average height of the dam and the safe freeboard of the dam.

[0069] The standard water level is calculated using the following formula:

[0070] (1)

[0071] (2)

[0072] Among them, R p The cumulative frequency p represents the water level rise value, which can be taken from 0.99 to 2.66 depending on the actual situation.

[0073] h z The water level in front of the dam will rise due to the influence of wind and waves. The influence of wind and waves is not considered in this plan, so the value is taken as 0.

[0074] A represents a safety margin, and is generally taken in the range of 0.5-1.5.

[0075] d represents the dam's safety freeboard, in meters (m).

[0076] H represents the average height of the dam body, in meters (m).

[0077] H S Standard water level, unit: m.

[0078] Of course, the safety superelevation of the dam body can also be determined directly from empirical values ​​without the above calculations.

[0079] Finally, on the water level-reservoir capacity curve, obtain the current water storage V corresponding to the average water level h measured during the field survey. n The maximum water storage capacity V corresponding to the average height H of the dam body max , and the standard water level H S The corresponding standard water storage capacity V S .

[0080] Specifically, this refers to obtaining the current water storage V from the average water level h obtained through on-site measurements on the water level-reservoir capacity curve. n The maximum water storage capacity V is obtained from the average height H of the dam on the water level-reservoir capacity curve. max From the standard water level H S Obtain the corresponding standard water storage volume V from the water level-reservoir capacity curve. S .

[0081] Step S5: After comprehensively analyzing the relationship between the current water storage and the standard water storage, as well as the collected electricity demand, select either a unidirectional water resource utilization scheme or a composite water resource utilization scheme.

[0082] Glacial Lake 1 is generally located at an altitude of over 3500 m and possesses strong potential energy characteristics. If the glacial moraine dam 2 breaches, the high potential energy of the breach flood will be converted into strong kinetic energy. Referring to the construction ideas of previous large reservoirs, this high potential energy water resource of Glacial Lake 1 can be effectively utilized, and two methods are proposed: direct unidirectional utilization and composite utilization. Based on the comparison results of the current water storage and the standard water storage, as well as the electricity demand of nearby residents and enterprises, a suitable water resource utilization plan can be selected.

[0083] Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between current water storage and standard water storage, along with the selection of water resource utilization schemes based on collected electricity demand data, is divided into four main categories. Among these, the difference between current water storage and standard water storage not exceeding 10% is considered a small difference, while the daily average electricity consumption exhibiting peak and off-peak periods indicates significant fluctuations in electricity demand.

[0084] Category 1: If the current water storage is significantly less than the standard water storage, then a one-way water resource utilization scheme shall be adopted.

[0085] At this point, the one-way water resource utilization scheme specifically refers to: firstly, constructing a water-retaining structure 8 in the downstream river channel of the glacial moraine dam 2, forming a reservoir between the glacial moraine dam 2 and the water-retaining structure 8, and installing a hydroelectric power generation device 4 at the tail of the water-retaining structure 8; then, placing one end of the water intake pipe 5 across the top of the dam into the glacial lake 1 inside the glacial moraine dam 2, and placing the other end of the water intake pipe 5 into the reservoir, using the siphon principle to introduce water from the glacial lake 1 into the reservoir; after the reservoir's water storage capacity is equivalent to the standard water storage capacity of the glacial moraine dam 2, the water in the reservoir generates electricity through the hydroelectric power generation device 4, and the downstream tailwater discharged through the tailwater pipe 6 of the hydroelectric power generation device 4 is used for irrigation or directly discharged into the main river channel.

[0086] Category 2: If the current water storage is significantly greater than the standard water storage and the electricity demand changes little, then a one-way water resource utilization scheme shall be adopted.

[0087] At this time, the one-way water resource utilization scheme specifically refers to: directly installing a hydropower generation device 4 on the tail of the reinforced dam body, and opening a water diversion channel 7 on the dam body to divert the water of the glacial lake 1 in the glacial moraine dam 2 to the hydropower generation device 4, generating electricity by utilizing the drop, and using the downstream tailwater discharged through the tailwater pipe 6 of the hydropower generation device 4 for irrigation or direct discharge into the main river channel.

[0088] Category 3: If the current water storage is significantly greater than the standard water storage and the electricity demand changes considerably, then a composite water resource utilization scheme shall be adopted.

[0089] The specific details of the composite water resource utilization scheme are as follows: First, a water-retaining structure 8 is constructed in the downstream river channel of the glacial moraine dam 2, forming a reservoir between the glacial moraine dam 2 and the water-retaining structure 8. Hydropower generation devices 4 are then installed on the reinforced dam body and the water-retaining structure 8, effectively creating two pumped-storage power stations using the dam body and the water-retaining structure 8. Next, the dam body of the glacial moraine dam 2 serves as the upper reservoir, and the water-retaining structure 8 serves as the lower reservoir. High-powered water pumps are used to pump water from the lower reservoir into the reservoir. Once the accumulated water storage is equivalent to the current water storage of glacial moraine dam 2, pumping will cease. During off-peak electricity demand periods, only the pumped-storage power station on the dam will be used for hydroelectric power generation. During peak electricity demand periods, both pumped-storage power stations on the dam and the retaining structure 8 will be used simultaneously for hydroelectric power generation. Tailwater discharged through tailrace pipe 6 of the pumped-storage power station on the dam will be introduced into the reservoir. Tailwater discharged through tailrace pipe 6 of the pumped-storage power station on the retaining structure 8 will be used for irrigation or directly discharged into the main river channel. Furthermore, when both pumped-storage power stations are generating hydroelectric power simultaneously, high-power pumps will be used to pump water from the reservoir to the upper reservoir to replenish the water volume, thereby improving power generation efficiency.

[0090] Among these methods, a suitable high-power water pump is selected based on the hourly pumping volume. The hourly pumping volume is typically calculated using the following method: first, the daily water storage V is calculated from the historical parameters related to the glacier lake, using the sum of glacier water volume V1 and daily snowmelt volume V2.d Then, based on the reservoir's capacity V... n Daily water storage V d The difference between the two values ​​is the ratio of the peak electricity demand duration t to the hourly pumping volume Q, which is:

[0091] V d = V1+V2(3)

[0092] Q = (V n - V d ) / t (4).

[0093] Category 4: If the difference between the current water storage and the standard water storage is small, either a unidirectional water resource utilization scheme or a composite water resource utilization scheme can be adopted.

[0094] In other words, when the difference between the current water storage and the standard water storage is small, any of the water conservancy engineering design schemes provided in the above three scenarios can be adopted.

[0095] In another specific embodiment, the dimensions of the water-retaining structure 8 are consistent with those of the glacial moraine dam 2, and it is made of reinforced concrete.

[0096] In another specific embodiment, the hydroelectric power generation device 4 includes a turbine generator set, a water intake pipe 5, a tailrace pipe 6, a waterproof gate, etc. Since the hydroelectric power generation device 4 itself is a relatively mature technology, and the present invention does not improve the structure of the hydroelectric power generation device 4 itself, but only uses a commercially available hydroelectric power generation device 4 to generate electricity, it will not be described in detail.

[0097] Example 3:

[0098] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, and is explained in more detail with reference to specific cases.

[0099] A glacial lake (1) exists at an altitude of 3800m in a watershed in a mountainous area. The downstream channel of glacial lake 1 is 70km long with an average gradient of 5%. Field investigation indicates that the glacial lake 1 has a capacity of 200 × 10⁻⁶ m when fully filled. 4 m 3 To ensure the safety of downstream infrastructure to the greatest extent and in accordance with the principle of water resource utilization and transformation, the method of utilizing glacial lake water resources in high-altitude and cold regions is adopted. The specific implementation steps are as follows.

[0100] First, through large-scale measurement and on-site investigation and verification, it was found that the average height H of glacial moraine dam 2 is 60m, the average width B of the dam crest is 12m, and the length L of the dam crest axis is... bThe predicted breach length L0 is 40m, the current water level of Ice Lake 1 is 3850m, and the average water level is 45m. The median particle size d of the dam material was determined by on-site sampling and sieve analysis. 50 The diameter is 20mm, and the catchment area is also called the cross-sectional area A of the lake water at the dam. C 30×10 6 m 2 The dam volume V is 3.6 × 10⁻⁶. 6 m 3 .

[0101] The stability parameter DBI and the median particle size parameter lgd are calculated based on the DBI formula and the median particle size parameter calculation formula. 50 :

[0102]

[0103]

[0104] Because DBI < 3.6, 1.0 < lg(d 50 If the value is less than 2.1, the dam body does not meet the condition of complete stability. Therefore, in order to prevent the damage it causes, engineering measures must be taken to reinforce it.

[0105] Next, a multi-row pile-column structure was used to reinforce the dam body of glacial dam 2. Specifically, three rows of pile-column structures were arranged downstream of the dam crest axis. The distance between the first row of pile-column structures 31 and the dam crest axis was 0.2 times the average width B of the dam crest, which was 2.4m. The distance between the second row of pile-column structures 32 and the dam crest axis was 0.5 times the average width B of the dam crest, which was 6.0m. The distance between the third row of pile-column structures 33 and the dam crest axis was 0.8 times the average width B of the dam crest, which was 9.6m. To ensure that the spacing of the pile-column structures met the suitability requirements, the spacing b between pile-column structures in the same row was taken as 0.2 times the length L0 of the breach section, which was 8m. The pile-column structure is a cylindrical structure with a diameter of 2.0m and a height of 30m, which is 0.5 times the average height H of the two glacial moraine dams. The pile-column structure is made of reinforced concrete, with C25 concrete and a reinforcement ratio of 1.5%.

[0106] Then, the safe superelevation distance d is taken as 3.0 based on experience, and the standard water level H is determined. S =Hd=57, unit m; then based on the average water level h, average dam height H, and standard storage water level H measured during the on-site survey. S Find the corresponding current water storage V on the water level-storage capacity curve. n 150×104 m 3 Maximum water storage capacity V max 200×10 4 m 3 Standard water storage capacity V S 170×10 4 m 3 .

[0107] Finally, due to the current water storage V n Significantly less than the standard water storage capacity V S A direct unidirectional water resource utilization scheme is adopted. As shown in Figure 2, a water-retaining structure 8 is first constructed in the downstream river channel of the glacial moraine dam 2, forming a reservoir between the glacial moraine dam 2 and the water-retaining structure 8. Then, a water diversion channel 7 is constructed in the water-retaining structure 8, and a hydroelectric power generation device 4 is installed at the tail of the water-retaining structure 8. Then, one end of the water diversion pipe 5 is placed across the top of the dam into the glacial lake 1 inside the glacial moraine dam 2, and the other end of the water diversion pipe 5 is placed into the reservoir. The water in the glacial lake 1 is introduced into the reservoir using the siphon principle. After the water storage capacity of the reservoir is equivalent to the standard water storage capacity of the glacial moraine dam 2, the reservoir water storage valve is opened. The water in the reservoir generates electricity through the hydroelectric power generation device 4, which is used by downstream residents. The downstream tailwater discharged through the tailwater pipe 6 of the hydroelectric power generation device 4 is used for irrigation or directly discharged into the main river channel.

[0108] In this embodiment, to meet the needs of water resource utilization, a long-length water pipe 5 is used to penetrate deep into the reservoir formed by the glacial lake 1, the water-retaining structure 8, and the glacial moraine dam 2. The lake water inside the dam is introduced into the reservoir using the siphon principle. After the water volume in the reservoir basically reaches the standard water volume of the dam, the reservoir water storage valve is opened, and the turbine generator set in the hydroelectric power generation device 4 is used to generate electricity for downstream residents. The tailwater is discharged to the farmland area for irrigation through the tailwater pipe 6.

[0109] Example 4:

[0110] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, and is explained in more detail with reference to specific cases.

[0111] A glacial lake (1) exists at an altitude of 3500m in a watershed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The downstream area of ​​glacial lake 1 has a channel length of 50km and an average gradient of 6%. Field investigation indicates that the total water storage capacity of glacial lake 1 when fully filled is 500 × 10⁻⁶ m. 4 m 3 To ensure the safety of downstream infrastructure to the greatest extent possible and in accordance with the principle of water resource utilization and transformation, the specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0112] First, through large-scale measurement and on-site investigation and verification, it was found that the average height H of glacial moraine dam 2 is 60m, the average width B of the dam crest is 12m, and the length L of the dam crest axis is... bThe predicted breach length L0 is 40m, the current water level of Ice Lake 1 is 3560m, and the average water level is 50m. The median particle size d of the dam material was determined by on-site sampling and sieve analysis. 50 The catchment area is 250mm, and the catchment area is also called the cross-sectional area A of the lake water at the dam. c 50×10 6 m 2 The dam volume V is 1.5 × 10⁻⁶. 6 m 3 .

[0113] The stability parameter DBI and the median particle size parameter lgd are calculated based on the DBI formula and the median particle size parameter calculation formula. 50 :

[0114]

[0115]

[0116] Because DBI < 3.6, lg(d 50 If the dam body meets the stability criteria (value > 2.1), then reinforcement measures may not be necessary, or only foundation reinforcement may be required, if engineering costs are taken into consideration. However, considering the overall service life and stability of the water conservancy project, reinforcement measures are preferred.

[0117] Then, the safe freeboard distance d is taken as 3.0 based on experience, and the standard water level H is calculated and determined. S =Hd=57, unit m; then based on the average water level h, average dam height H, and standard storage water level H measured during the on-site survey. S Find the corresponding current water storage V on the water level-storage capacity curve. n 467×10 4 m 3 Maximum water storage capacity V max 500×10 4 m 3 Standard water storage capacity V S 405×10 4 m 3 .

[0118] Due to the current water storage volume V n Significantly greater than the standard water storage capacity V SWhen the electricity demand changes little, a one-way water resource utilization scheme is adopted. As shown in Figure 1, a hydroelectric power generation device 4 is directly installed on the tail of the reinforced dam body, and a water diversion channel 7 is opened on the dam body. Alternatively, a pressure steel pipe with a diameter of 1m can be installed in the water diversion channel 7 to divert the water of the glacial lake 1 in the glacial moraine dam 2 to the hydroelectric power generation device 4, and generate electricity by utilizing the drop. The downstream tailwater discharged through the tailwater pipe 6 of the hydroelectric power generation device 4 is used for irrigation or directly discharged into the main river channel.

[0119] Example 5:

[0120] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, and is explained in more detail with reference to specific cases.

[0121] A glacial lake (1) exists at an altitude of 4500m in a watershed in a mountainous area. The downstream channel of glacial lake 1 is 100km long with an average gradient of 5%. Field investigation indicates that the glacial lake 1 has a capacity of 600 × 10⁻⁶ m when fully filled. 4 m 3 In order to ensure the safety of downstream infrastructure to the greatest extent and in accordance with the principle of water resource utilization and transformation, and in order to meet the electricity demand of downstream residents during off-peak and peak periods, the method of utilizing glacial lake water resources in high-altitude and cold regions is adopted. The specific implementation steps are as follows.

[0122] First, through large-scale measurement and on-site investigation and verification, it was found that the average height H of glacial moraine dam 2 is 100m, the average width B of the dam crest is 20m, and the length L of the dam crest axis is... b The predicted breach length L0 is 80m, the current water level of Ice Lake 1 is 4590m, and the average water level is 83m. The median particle size d of the dam material was determined by on-site sampling and sieve analysis. 50 The diameter is 35mm, and the catchment area is also called the cross-sectional area A of the lake water at the dam. C 70×10 6 m 2 The dam volume V is 2.43 × 10⁻⁶. 8 m 3 .

[0123] The stability parameter DBI and the median particle size parameter lgd are calculated based on the DBI formula and the median particle size parameter calculation formula. 50 :

[0124]

[0125]

[0126] Because DBI < 3.6, 1.0 < lg(d 50If the value is less than 2.1, the dam body does not meet the condition of complete stability. Therefore, in order to prevent the damage it causes, engineering measures must be taken to reinforce it.

[0127] Next, a multi-row pile-column structure was used to reinforce the dam body of glacial dam 2. Specifically, three rows of pile-column structures were installed downstream of the dam crest axis. The distance from the first row of pile-column structures 31 to the dam crest axis was 0.2 times the average width B of the dam crest, which was 4m. The distance from the second row of pile-column structures 32 to the dam crest axis was 0.5 times the average width B of the dam crest, which was 10m. The distance from the third row of pile-column structures 33 to the dam crest axis was 0.8 times the average width B of the dam crest, which was 16m. To ensure the appropriate spacing of the pile-column structures, the spacing b between pile-column structures in the same row was taken as 0.2 times the length L0 of the breach section, which was 16m. The pile-column structures were cylindrical structures with a diameter of 2.0m and a height of 0.5 times the average height H of the dam body, which was 50m. The pile-column structure is made of reinforced concrete, with C25 concrete and a reinforcement ratio of 1.5%.

[0128] Then, the safe superelevation distance d is taken as 3.0 based on experience, and the standard water level H is determined. S =Hd=97, unit m; then based on the average water level h, average dam height H, and standard storage water level H measured during the on-site survey. S Find the corresponding current water storage V on the water level-storage capacity curve. n 500×10 4 m 3 Maximum water storage capacity V max 600×10 4 m 3 Standard water storage capacity V S 450×10 4 m 3 .

[0129] Further on-site investigation revealed that the daily electricity consumption of residents and factories downstream of the dam is not constant, but rather fluctuates between peak and off-peak periods. This fluctuation is attributed to factors such as power generation costs and the current water storage capacity (V). n Greater than the standard water storage capacity V S Therefore, a composite water resource utilization scheme is adopted for the transformation and utilization of water resources.

[0130] As shown in Figure 3, a hydroelectric power generation device 4 is first constructed within the reinforced dam body. A water-retaining structure 8, with dimensions identical to the dam body, is also constructed downstream of the dam. This water-retaining structure 8 also houses the hydroelectric power generation device 4, identical to the one within the dam body. The dam body and water-retaining structure 8 serve as two pumped-storage power stations. The reinforced moraine dam 2 acts as the upper reservoir of the pumped-storage power station, while the water-retaining structure 8 downstream of the dam acts as the lower reservoir. High-powered pumps draw water from the lower reservoir into the reservoir until the accumulated water volume of the reservoir is equivalent to the current water volume of the moraine dam 2, at which point pumping ceases. The hydroelectric power generation device 4 here is the water diversion and power generation facility.

[0131] During off-peak electricity demand periods, only the pumped-storage power station on the dam is used for hydropower generation. During peak electricity demand periods, both the pumped-storage power stations on the dam and the water-retaining structure 8 are used for hydropower generation. The tailwater discharged through the tailwater pipe 6 of the pumped-storage power station on the dam is introduced into the reservoir. The tailwater discharged through the tailwater pipe 6 of the pumped-storage power station on the water-retaining structure 8 is used for irrigation or directly discharged.

[0132] Through investigation of glaciers and glacial lakes in the area, it was determined that the currently utilized glacier V1 is 450 × 10⁻⁶ meters. 4 m 3 The daily snow and ice melt volume V2 is 8640m³. 3 The daily water demand V d Approximately 450×10 4 m 3 If the off-peak time is 11 hours, then the hourly pumping capacity Q of the selected water pump is Q = (500 × 10⁻⁶) / (1 ... 4 -450×10 4 ) / 11=4.55×10 4 With a capacity of t / h, 70 water pumps with a power of 650t / h can be used to pump water simultaneously. When the water volume in the dam and reservoir is insufficient, high-power water pumps are also used to pump water from the reservoir to the upper storage tank to supplement the water volume, thereby improving power generation efficiency and ensuring that the electricity demand of downstream residents and factories can be met.

[0133] Example 6:

[0134] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, and is explained in more detail with reference to specific cases.

[0135] A glacial lake (1) exists at an altitude of 4000m in a watershed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The downstream area of ​​glacial lake 1 has a channel length of 20km and an average longitudinal gradient of 6%. Field investigation indicates that the glacial lake 1 has a capacity of 300 × 10⁻⁶ m when fully filled. 4 m 3If the glacial lake outburst flood disaster occurs, it will pose a serious threat to downstream engineering infrastructure and settlements. Considering the utilization value of glacial lake water resources, the method proposed in this invention can be used to transform its outburst threat into a resource beneficial to the people. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0136] First, through large-scale measurement and on-site investigation and verification, it was found that the average height H of glacial moraine dam 2 is 45m, the average width B of the dam crest is 15m, and the length L of the dam crest axis is... b The predicted breach length L0 is 20m, the current water level of Ice Lake 1 is 4050m, and the average water level is 40m. The median particle size d of the dam material was determined by on-site sampling and sieve analysis. 50 The diameter is 30mm, and the catchment area is also called the cross-sectional area A of the lake water at the dam. c 20×10 6 m 2 The dam volume V is 2.8 × 10⁻⁶. 6 m 3 .

[0137] The stability parameter DBI and the median particle size parameter lgd are calculated based on the DBI formula and the median particle size parameter calculation formula. 50 :

[0138]

[0139]

[0140] Because DBI < 3.6, 1.0 < lg(d 50 If the value is less than 2.1, the dam body does not meet the condition of complete stability. Therefore, in order to prevent the damage it causes, engineering measures must be taken to reinforce it.

[0141] Next, a multi-row pile-column structure was used to reinforce the dam body of glacial dam 2. Specifically, three rows of pile-column structures were arranged downstream of the dam crest axis. The distance from the first row of pile-column structures 31 to the dam crest axis was 0.2 times the average width B of the dam crest, which was 3m. The distance from the second row of pile-column structures 32 to the dam crest axis was 0.5 times the average width B of the dam crest, which was 7.5m. The distance from the third row of pile-column structures 33 to the dam crest axis was 0.8 times the average width B of the dam crest, which was 12m. To ensure the appropriate spacing of the pile-column structures, the spacing b between pile-column structures in the same row was taken as 0.2 times the length L0 of the breach section, which was 4m. The pile-column structures were cylindrical structures with a diameter of 2.0m and a height of 22.5m, which was 0.5 times the average height H of the dam body. The pile-column structure is made of reinforced concrete, with C25 concrete and a reinforcement ratio of 1.5%.

[0142] Then, the safe freeboard distance d is taken as 3.0 based on experience, and the standard water level H is calculated and determined. S = Hd = 42, unit m; then based on the average water level h, average dam height H, and standard storage water level H measured during the on-site survey. S Find the corresponding current water storage V on the water level-storage capacity curve. n 180×10 4 m 3 Maximum water storage capacity V max 300×10 4 m 3 Standard water storage capacity V S 170×10 4 m 3 .

[0143] Finally, due to the standard water storage capacity V S A fluctuation of 10% is 153 × 10 4 m 3 -187×10 4 m 3 Therefore, the difference between the two is not significant, and a one-way water resource utilization scheme as shown in Figure 1 or Figure 2 can be selected. In this embodiment, a water diversion channel 7 is set up at a position where the glacial moraine dam 2 is more than 5m above the lake bottom and lower than the standard water level. A pressure steel pipe with a diameter of 1.0m is installed in the water diversion channel 7, which is connected to the generator plant downstream. Hydropower is generated by the turbine generator set installed in the generator plant to supply downstream residents. The tailwater is discharged to the farmland area for irrigation through the tailwater pipe 6 downstream.

[0144] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 1 or 2, so they will not be described again.

[0145] Example 7:

[0146] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, and is explained in more detail with reference to specific cases.

[0147] In this embodiment, a pressure steel pipe is installed in the water diversion channel 7 and connected to the water diversion pipe 5. The diameter of the pressure steel pipe is 0.5-1.0m. The pressure steel pipes are installed between the pile column structures, with multiple pressure steel pipes arranged at equal intervals; the installation height of the pressure steel pipes is 5-10m above the bottom of Ice Lake 1.

[0148] A waterproof valve is installed between the first row of pile structure 31 and the second row of pile structure 32. The turbine generator set is connected to the voltage receiving terminal to store the electrical energy converted from water energy.

[0149] When the waterproof valve is opened, water flows through the pressure steel pipe and enters from the water inlet pipe 5, driving the turbine generator set to generate electricity. The water is then discharged through the tailwater pipe 6 or transferred to the next set of hydroelectric power generation devices 4.

[0150] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications or equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for the utilization of glacial lake water resources in high-altitude and cold regions, characterized in that, a water resource utilization scheme is determined for glacial lakes (1) with glacial moraine dams (2), and that, The method first obtains glacial lake parameters by combining multi-source remote sensing measurement and on-site measurement and verification, and analyzes the stability of the glacial moraine dam (2); then, based on the analysis results of the dam stability, the design standard requirements of the downstream protection objects of the glacial moraine dam (2), and the predicted failure parameters, the multi-row pile structure engineering facilities are deployed to reinforce the dam; then, the current water storage, maximum water storage and standard water storage of the glacial moraine dam (2) are obtained, and after comprehensively analyzing the relationship between the current water storage and the standard water storage and the collected electricity demand, a unidirectional water resource utilization scheme or a composite water resource utilization scheme is selected; the glacial lake parameters include: average water level, average dam crest width, average dam height, The predicted parameters for water failure include: dam volume, lake cross-sectional area at the dam site, and median particle size of the dam material; the predicted failure parameters include: breach length; if the current water storage is significantly less than the standard water storage, a one-way water resource utilization scheme is adopted; if the current water storage is significantly greater than the standard water storage and electricity demand changes little, a one-way water resource utilization scheme is adopted; if the current water storage is significantly greater than the standard water storage and electricity demand changes significantly, a composite water resource utilization scheme is adopted; if the difference between the current water storage and the standard water storage is small, a one-way water resource utilization scheme or a composite water resource utilization scheme is adopted; where the difference between the current water storage and the standard water storage is less than 10%, it is considered a small difference. The daily average electricity consumption varies greatly depending on whether it is during peak or off-peak periods. When the current water storage is significantly less than the standard water storage, the one-way water resource utilization scheme specifically refers to: first, constructing a water-retaining structure (8) downstream of the moraine dam (2), forming a reservoir between the moraine dam (2) and the water-retaining structure (8); then constructing a water diversion channel (7) within the water-retaining structure (8), and installing a hydroelectric power generation device (4) at the tail of the water-retaining structure (8); then, placing one end of the water diversion pipe (5) across the top of the dam into the ice lake (1) within the moraine dam (2), and placing the other end of the water diversion pipe (5) into the reservoir, using the siphon principle to introduce water from the ice lake (1) into the reservoir, until the water storage of the reservoir reaches the standard level. After the standard water storage capacity of the glacial moraine dam (2) is equal, the water in the reservoir is used to generate electricity through the hydropower generator (4). The downstream tailwater discharged through the tailwater pipe (6) of the hydropower generator (4) is used for irrigation or directly discharged into the main river channel. The one-way water resource utilization scheme adopted when the current water storage capacity is significantly greater than the standard water storage capacity and the electricity demand changes little refers to: directly installing the hydropower generator (4) on the tail of the reinforced dam body and opening a water diversion channel (7) on the dam body to divert the water of the glacial lake (1) in the glacial moraine dam (2) to the hydropower generator (4) to generate electricity by using the drop. The downstream tailwater discharged through the tailwater pipe (6) of the hydropower generator (4) is used for irrigation or directly discharged into the main river channel.The composite water resource utilization scheme adopted when the current water storage is significantly greater than the standard water storage and the electricity demand changes greatly refers to the following: First, a water-retaining structure (8) is built in the downstream river channel of the glacial moraine dam (2), forming a reservoir between the glacial moraine dam (2) and the water-retaining structure (8). Hydropower generation devices (4) are installed on the reinforced dam body and the water-retaining structure (8) respectively, that is, two pumped storage power stations are set up using the dam body and the water-retaining structure (8). Then, the dam body of the glacial moraine dam (2) is used as the upper reservoir, and the water-retaining structure (8) is used as the lower reservoir, utilizing high-power water... Pumps draw water from the lower reservoir into the reservoir until the accumulated water volume of the reservoir is equivalent to the current water volume of the glacial moraine dam (2), at which point pumping stops. During off-peak electricity demand, only the pumped-storage power station on the dam is used for hydroelectric power generation. During peak electricity demand, both the pumped-storage power stations on the dam and the water-retaining structure (8) are used simultaneously for hydroelectric power generation. Tailwater discharged through the tailrace pipe (6) of the pumped-storage power station on the dam is introduced into the reservoir. Tailwater discharged through the tailrace pipe (6) of the pumped-storage power station on the water-retaining structure (8) is used for irrigation or directly discharged into the main river channel.

2. The method for resource utilization of glacial lake water in high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of the current water storage, maximum water storage, and standard water storage of the glacial moraine dam (2) specifically refers to: firstly, using the topographic contour method to plot points on a topographic map to obtain the relationship curve between the glacial lake water level and the glacial lake reservoir capacity, which is recorded as the water level-reservoir capacity curve; then, estimating the safe freeboard of the dam body based on relevant historical parameters of the glacial lake, and then calculating the standard water storage level from the difference between the average height of the dam body and the safe freeboard of the dam body; finally, obtaining the standard water storage corresponding to the standard water storage level, the maximum water storage corresponding to the average height of the dam body, and the current water storage corresponding to the average water level measured during the on-site survey on the water level-reservoir capacity curve.

3. The method for resource utilization of glacial lake water in high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, When two pumped-storage power stations are generating hydroelectric power simultaneously, high-power water pumps are used to pump water from the reservoir to the upper reservoir to replenish the water volume, thereby improving power generation efficiency.

4. The method for resource utilization of glacial lake water in high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dimensions of the water-retaining structure (8) are consistent with those of the glacial moraine dam (2), and it is made of reinforced concrete.

5. A method for the resource utilization of glacial lake water in high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 4, characterized in that, The analysis of the stability of the glacial till dam (2) specifically refers to: calculating the stability parameter DBI based on the formula for calculating the dimensionless accumulation index of geomorphology, using the average height of the dam, the volume of the dam, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the lake water at the dam; and then calculating the median particle size parameter lgd based on the formula for calculating the median particle size of the dam material. 50 Finally, the stability parameter DBI and the median particle size parameter lgd were considered together. 50 Analyze dam stability: If DBI < 3.6 and lgd 50 If DBI > 2.1, the dam body is in a stable state; if DBI > 3.6 or lgd 50 If the value is less than 1.0, the dam body is in an unstable state.

6. A method for the resource utilization of glacial lake water in high-altitude and cold regions according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The multi-row pile structure project adopts a three-row pile structure layout; wherein, the distance between the first row of pile structure (31) and the dam crest axis is 0-0.2 times the average width of the dam crest of the glacial moraine dam (2), the distance between the second row of pile structure (32) and the dam crest axis is 0.4-0.6 times the average width of the dam crest of the glacial moraine dam (2), and the distance between the third row of pile structure (33) and the dam crest axis is 0.8-1.0 times the average width of the dam crest of the glacial moraine dam (2); the spacing between the pile structures in the same row is 0.1-0.4 times the length of the breach section in the predicted breach parameters; each pile structure is a cylindrical structure with a diameter of 0.5-2.0m, and the height of each pile structure is 0.5-0.7 times the average height of the dam body; the pile structure adopts a concrete structure or a reinforced concrete structure.

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