Bidirectional prestressed formwork assembly for concrete construction in narrow plane spaces

Abstract

The present invention relates to a bidirectional prestressed formwork assembly for plane narrow space concrete construction, comprising a formwork unit, a formwork installation and fixing mechanism, and a bidirectional prestressed mechanism. The formwork unit comprises two longitudinal side formworks arranged in opposite longitudinal directions and two transverse side formworks arranged in opposite transverse directions with the same structure, and the two longitudinal side vertical plates and the two transverse side vertical plates enclose a vertical tunnel; the longitudinal side formwork comprises two longitudinal side vertical plates extending in the transverse direction and hinged together, and the longitudinal side vertical plates are located on one side of the vertical tunnel and are provided with longitudinal side vertical plate limit blocks; the formwork installation and fixing mechanism is used to maintain the longitudinal side formwork at a set distance; the bidirectional prestressed mechanism is used to maintain the two longitudinal side formworks and the two transverse side formworks in an open state and generate a separation force. The present invention has the advantages of being able to be built and dismantled without personnel entering a narrow space for operation and being able to be recycled, and solves the existing problem of formwork building and disassembly for pouring concrete in a narrow space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of civil engineering construction, and in particular relates to a bidirectional prestressed formwork assembly for plane narrow space concrete construction. Background Art

[0002] Large indoor sewage treatment plants are new types of urban sewage treatment structures. This type of structure can not only reduce the distance between various sewage pools, but also cover properties, which can greatly improve the utilization rate of land resources. It is a new direction for the construction of domestic sewage treatment plants.

[0003] Different from the construction method of the traditional outdoor open space sewage treatment plant, the various sewage pools involved in the indoor sewage treatment plant need to share the same wall, and various equipment and pipelines need to be installed at the same time. The concrete structure is very complicated. There are not only open spaces such as large pools, but also many narrow reserved spaces. The concrete construction is difficult and the quality requirements are very high. In order to prevent sewage leakage due to cracks in the concrete, the concrete pouring in the same height section must be carried out simultaneously. Some of the narrow reserved spaces are relatively cramped, and the construction workers cannot install and remove the formwork in the narrow space like the traditional formwork construction method. Therefore, the formwork support and demolding in the narrow space is a difficulty in the concrete construction of indoor sewage treatment plants. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a bidirectional prestressed formwork assembly for planar narrow space concrete construction that can be built and dismantled without personnel entering the narrow space for operation and can be recycled, thereby solving the problem of existing formwork construction and disassembly for pouring concrete in narrow spaces.

[0005] The above technical problems are solved by the following technical solutions: a bidirectional prestressed formwork assembly for flat narrow space concrete construction, comprising a formwork unit, characterized in that it also includes a formwork installation and fixing mechanism and a bidirectional prestressed mechanism, the formwork unit comprising two longitudinal side formworks arranged opposite to each other in the longitudinal direction and two transverse side formworks arranged opposite to each other in the transverse direction, the two longitudinal side vertical plates and the two transverse side vertical plates enclosing a vertical tunnel; the longitudinal side formwork comprises two longitudinal side vertical plates extending in the transverse direction which are hinged together by longitudinal side vertical hinge shafts, and arc grooves extending in the up-down direction are arranged on the surfaces of the transverse ends of the longitudinal side vertical plates facing the side of the vertical tunnel, and the longitudinal side vertical plates are provided with longitudinal side vertical plate portion limit blocks on the side of the vertical tunnel; the two longitudinal side vertical plates constituting the same longitudinal side formwork, the longitudinal side vertical plate portion limit block on one longitudinal side vertical plate blocks the other longitudinal side vertical plate, so that the two longitudinal side vertical plates can only face the vertical tunnel with one end of the two longitudinal side vertical plates connected together The lateral template comprises two lateral vertical plates extending in the longitudinal direction which are hinged together by a lateral vertical hinge shaft, and arc-shaped convex strips extending in the up-and-down directions are provided on the two longitudinal end faces of the lateral vertical plates, and a lateral vertical plate limit block is provided on one side of the vertical tunnel; the two lateral vertical plates constituting the same lateral template, the lateral vertical plate limit block on one lateral vertical plate blocks the other lateral vertical plate, so that the two lateral vertical plates can only be closed in a manner that one end of the two lateral vertical plates connected together is arched toward the vertical tunnel, and the arc-shaped convex strips are rotatably and sealedly connected in the arc groove one by one; the template installation and fixing mechanism is used to maintain the two longitudinal side templates at a set distance; the bidirectional prestressing mechanism is used to: maintain the two longitudinal side templates in an open state and generate a longitudinal separation force, and maintain the two lateral side templates in an open state and generate a lateral separation force. This technical solution can use the bidirectional prestressing mechanism and the template installation and fixing mechanism. The construction personnel first build the independent prefabricated templates in a discrete state into a template assembly with a stable structure and always in a geometrically invariant state according to the shape and size of the reserved space. Then, the template assembly can be hoisted to the construction site for concrete pouring. After the concrete pouring is completed and meets the quality requirements, the bidirectional prestressing mechanism unloads and removes the template installation and fixing mechanism attached during the construction of the template assembly, so that the template assembly enters a geometrically variable state. Finally, the bidirectional prestressing mechanism is used to reversely load and remove the template. Thus, the installation and disassembly of the template in a narrow space is realized.

[0006] Preferably, the template installation and fixing mechanism includes two longitudinal support rods, and the two longitudinal side vertical plates of one longitudinal side template are connected to the two longitudinal side vertical plates of another longitudinal side template in a one-to-one correspondence through the two longitudinal support rods. The distance between the longitudinal templates is the length of the longitudinal support rods.

[0007] Preferably, the longitudinal support rod comprises a first rod body with one end hinged to the longitudinal side vertical plate of a longitudinal side template, a threaded tube with one end threadedly connected to the other end of the first rod body, and a second rod body with one end threadedly connected to the other end of the threaded tube, and the other end of the second rod body is hinged to the longitudinal side vertical plate of another longitudinal side template, and the threads at both ends of the threaded tube are in opposite directions. When in use, the distance between the longitudinal templates is adjusted to make the distance by rotating the threaded tube.

[0008] Preferably, the first rod and the second rod are connected together by a tension spring, and the tension spring is in a stretched state when the distance between the two longitudinal side templates is a set value. When disassembling the mold, the threaded tube is disengaged from the first rod or the second rod, and the spring plays a role of pulling the longitudinal vertical plate inward to assist demoulding, thereby reducing the scratch between the longitudinal vertical plate and the concrete during demoulding.

[0009] Preferably, the template installation and fixing mechanism further comprises an upper connecting plate, the lower surfaces of both ends of the upper connecting plate are provided with bayonet holes, the upper ends of the two longitudinal side templates are correspondingly inserted into the bayonet holes at both ends of the upper connecting plate, and when the longitudinal side template is in an unfolded state, the two longitudinal side vertical plates of the same longitudinal side template are inserted into the bayonet holes, which can improve the stability during prestressing treatment.

[0010] Preferably, the bidirectional prestressed mechanism comprises a vertical force transmission tube, a jack, a longitudinal side formwork connecting rod, a transverse side formwork connecting rod and a vertical force transmission rod inserted in the vertical force transmission tube, wherein the jack is used to drive the vertical force transmission tube and the vertical force transmission rod to move in opposite directions vertically; one end of the longitudinal side formwork connecting rod is hinged to the vertical force transmission tube through a first transverse hinge shaft, and the other end is connected to the longitudinal side connecting seat through a second transverse hinge shaft, and the longitudinal side connecting seat is hinged to the longitudinal side vertical plate through the longitudinal side vertical hinge shaft, and each longitudinal side The vertical plate is connected with at least one of the longitudinal side template connecting rods, and one end of the longitudinal side template connecting rod connected to the longitudinal side vertical plate is high, and the other end is low; one end of the transverse side template connecting rod is hinged to the vertical force transmission rod through the first longitudinal hinge shaft, and the other end is connected to the transverse side connecting seat through the second longitudinal hinge shaft, and the transverse side connecting seat is hinged to the transverse side vertical plate through the transverse side vertical hinge shaft. Each longitudinal and transverse side vertical plate is connected with at least one of the transverse side template connecting rods, and one end of the transverse side template connecting rod connected to the transverse side vertical plate is low, and the other end is high. By lifting with a jack, the prestress can be increased, contracted, and the prestress can be reduced, and the longitudinal and transverse templates can be folded and retracted. When the template is folded, the transverse side template is folded first, and then the longitudinal side template is folded. There is no interference when the template is folded, and the degree of freedom is large.

[0011] Preferably, when the longitudinal side template is in an unfolded state and fixed by the template installation and fixing mechanism, the angle between the longitudinal side template connecting rod and the horizontal plane is 2° to 5°; when the longitudinal side template is in an unfolded state and the arc-shaped convex strip is inserted in the arc-shaped convex groove, the angle between the transverse side template connecting rod and the horizontal plane is 2° to 5°. This can play a role in amplifying force.

[0012] Preferably, the connection point between the longitudinal side template connecting rod and the longitudinal side vertical plate is located at one end where the two longitudinal side vertical plates are hinged together; the connection point between the transverse side template connecting rod and the transverse side vertical plate is located at one end where the two transverse side vertical plates are hinged together, which can play a role in amplifying the force of installing and removing the mold.

[0013] Preferably, an end plate is provided at the upper end of the vertical force transmission tube, one end of the jack is connected to the upper end of the vertical force transmission rod, and the other end is connected to the end plate.

[0014] Preferably, the widths of the two vertical plates in the same vertical side formwork are equal, and the widths of the two vertical plates in the same horizontal side formwork are equal, so as to reduce the impact on the concrete when removing the formwork.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] 1. During the construction of the formwork assembly, the double prestressing mechanism can apply prestress to the formwork assembly. Under the joint action of the prestressing and the formwork installation and fixing mechanism, the formwork assembly (tunnel) is in a geometrically invariant state, with good rigidity and overall geometric stability, ensuring that the formwork assembly will not disintegrate or deform during the hoisting process; during the concrete pouring construction process, the bidirectional prestressing mechanism can apply an outward supporting force to all the formworks contained in the formwork assembly to prevent quality problems such as mold expansion caused by deformation and displacement of the formwork; during the demolding process, the formwork installation and fixing mechanism is first removed, and then the prestressing mechanism is unloaded. With the disappearance of the constraints of the prestressing and the formwork installation and fixing mechanism, the formwork assembly changes from a geometrically invariant state to a geometrically variable state, and then the prestressing mechanism applies a reverse force to the formwork assembly, and applies an inward horizontal force to all the formworks contained in the formwork assembly, pulling the formwork to fold and detach from the concrete surface. It can solve the problem that the traditional manual method cannot be used to build and demold formwork in narrow spaces.

[0017] 2. The prestressed mechanism proposed in the present invention can produce a force amplification effect during the construction and demolding of the formwork assembly. The force applied to the force transfer column by the hydraulic jack can be converted into a large horizontal force acting on the formwork through the diagonal support rod, and the smaller the angle between the diagonal support rod and the horizontal plane, the greater the horizontal force. This amplification effect is particularly beneficial to the construction and demolding of the formwork, and is specifically manifested as follows: during the construction of the formwork and the pouring of concrete, the smaller vertical force acting on the force transfer rod can be converted into a large outward supporting force; during the demolding of the formwork, the smaller vertical force acting on the force transfer rod can be converted into a large inward pulling force.

[0018] 3. Each foldable formwork consists of two parts, which are connected by hinges and limit blocks to form a whole that can rotate with each other. During the construction of the formwork assembly, the corner limit blocks can allow the two parts to rotate in the opposite direction up to 180° from the folded state like hinges, and unfold from the geometrically variable state to the plane geometrically invariant state; during the demoulding process, the corner limit blocks will not limit the rotation of the two parts in the opposite direction, and the foldable formwork is always in a geometrically variable state.

[0019] 4. If certain connection measures are not taken between the longitudinal and transverse side templates, the template assembly cannot form a geometrically invariant body during the construction process. If the longitudinal and transverse side templates are connected by traditional hinge supports, since the center of the hinge support is not at the intersection of the longitudinal and transverse side template mid-surfaces, the concrete wall outside the template will restrict the relative rotation of the longitudinal and transverse side templates during the demolding process. The longitudinal and transverse side templates cannot rotate freely relative to each other around the hinge point of the same template connecting rod. The template assembly is in a geometrically invariable state and the template cannot be separated from the concrete. In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes that the longitudinal and transverse side templates are directly connected in the form of a flange with an arc-shaped protrusion and an arc-shaped groove. The biggest advantage is that the relative rotation center is always at the intersection of the longitudinal and transverse side template mid-surfaces. The relative rotation between the longitudinal and transverse side templates during the demolding process will not be restricted by the concrete wall outside the template.

[0020] 5. A nested bidirectional prestressed mechanism is used, and the force transfer rod is inserted into the force transfer tube. At the same time, a hydraulic jack is arranged between the two force transfer columns along the axial direction. When the force transfer rod is inserted into the force transfer tube and relatively elongated, it can apply support force to the formwork assembly to ensure the rigidity and geometric invariance of the formwork assembly during the construction process and the concrete pouring process; when the force transfer rod is inserted into the force transfer tube and axially shortened, it can apply demoulding force to the formwork assembly. This new type of prestressed mechanism achieves the goal of providing support and demoulding force for all formworks under the action of a hydraulic jack, and is suitable for concrete formwork construction, concrete pouring construction and formwork removal in narrow spaces with rectangular cross-sections of any size.

[0021] 6. The longitudinal support rod adopts a rigid and flexible structure. During the construction of the formwork assembly, the longitudinal support rod is in a rigid rod state, which can withstand axial force, shear force, and a certain bending moment, and can provide all-round constraints for the longitudinal foldable formwork. Under the joint action of the prestressed mechanism, the formwork assembly is guaranteed to be in a geometrically invariant state; when removing the formwork, the longitudinal support rod can be transformed from a rigid rod into a flexible pull rod, and the tension exerted is conducive to the formwork to separate from the concrete surface.

[0022] 7. The bidirectional prestressed mechanism has a simple structure and light weight, which can ensure that the formwork assembly is in a geometrically invariant state during the construction and concrete pouring process. At the same time, it can also transform the formwork assembly into a geometrically variable state during the demolding stage, and can apply a demolding force to the formwork assembly, thereby realizing the off-site construction of the formwork assembly, hoisting it to the construction site for concrete pouring and demolding operations, achieving three goals at one stroke, and solving the problem of being unable to manually build and demold the formwork due to the narrow space at the construction site, greatly reducing labor intensity and difficulty, and improving construction efficiency. It is suitable for concrete construction in narrow spaces of various rectangular sections. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention when prestress is applied. For the sake of convenience, the longitudinal side template located in the front is not drawn, and the limit blocks of the horizontal side vertical plate portion and the limit blocks of the longitudinal side vertical plate portion are not drawn;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the present invention after being assembled;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a top view schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a top view of the present invention during demoulding, and the longitudinal support rods are not drawn;

[0027] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal support rod;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0029] In the figure: longitudinal side formwork 1, transverse side formwork 2, vertical tunnel 3, longitudinal side vertical hinge shaft 4, longitudinal side vertical plate 5, arc groove 6, longitudinal side vertical plate portion limit block 7, transverse side vertical hinge shaft 8, transverse side vertical plate 9, arc convex strip 10, transverse side vertical plate portion limit block 11, longitudinal support rod 12, upper connecting plate 13, first rod body 14, threaded tube 15, second rod body 16, tension spring 17, bayonet 18, vertical force transmission tube 19, jack 20, longitudinal side formwork connecting rod 21, transverse side formwork connecting rod 22, vertical force transmission rod 23, avoidance through hole 24, first transverse hinge shaft 25, second transverse hinge shaft 26, longitudinal side vertical hinge shaft 27, first longitudinal hinge shaft 28, second longitudinal hinge shaft 29, transverse side vertical hinge shaft 30, end plate 31, longitudinal side connecting seat 32, transverse side connecting seat 33. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] See also Figures 1 to 5A bidirectional prestressed formwork assembly for plane narrow space concrete construction includes a formwork unit, a formwork installation and fixing mechanism, and a bidirectional prestressed mechanism. The template unit includes two longitudinal side templates 1 arranged in opposite directions in the longitudinal direction and two transverse side templates 2 arranged in opposite directions in the transverse direction. The two longitudinal side vertical plates and the two transverse side vertical plates enclose a vertical tunnel 3; the longitudinal side template includes two longitudinal side vertical plates 5 extending in the transverse direction and hinged together by a longitudinal side vertical hinge shaft 4, and arc grooves 6 extending in the up-down direction are provided on the surfaces of the two transverse ends of the longitudinal side vertical plates facing the vertical tunnel, and each longitudinal side vertical plate is provided with a longitudinal side vertical plate limit block 7 on one side of the vertical tunnel; the two longitudinal side vertical plates constituting the same longitudinal side template, the longitudinal side vertical plate limit block on one longitudinal side vertical plate blocks the other longitudinal side vertical plate, so that the two longitudinal side vertical plates can only be closed in a manner that one end of the two longitudinal side vertical plates connected together is arched toward the vertical tunnel; the transverse side template includes two longitudinal side vertical plates extending in the longitudinal direction and hinged together by a transverse side vertical hinge shaft 8. The horizontal side vertical plates 9 have arc-shaped convex strips 10 extending in the up-and-down directions on the two longitudinal end faces thereof, and each horizontal side vertical plate is provided with a horizontal side vertical plate limit block 11 on one side of the vertical tunnel; the two horizontal side vertical plates constituting the same horizontal side formwork, the horizontal side vertical plate limit block on one horizontal side vertical plate is blocked on the other horizontal side vertical plate, so that the two horizontal side vertical plates can only be closed in a manner that one end of the two horizontal side vertical plates connected together is arched toward the vertical tunnel, and the arc-shaped convex strips can be rotatably sealed and connected in the arc-shaped groove one by one; the formwork installation and fixing mechanism is used to maintain the two longitudinal side formworks at a set distance; the bidirectional prestressed mechanism is used to: maintain the two longitudinal side formworks in an open state and generate a longitudinal separation force and fold and close, and maintain the two horizontal side formworks in an open state and generate a transverse separation force and fold and close. The template installation and fixing mechanism includes two longitudinal support rods 12 and an upper connecting plate 13. The two longitudinal side vertical plates of one longitudinal side template are connected to the two longitudinal side vertical plates of another longitudinal side template through the two longitudinal support rods in a one-to-one correspondence. The longitudinal support rod includes a first rod body 14, one end of which is hinged to the longitudinal side vertical plate of the same longitudinal side template, a threaded tube 15, one end of which is threadedly connected to the other end of the first rod body, and a second rod body 16, one end of which is threadedly connected to the other end of the threaded tube. The other end of the second rod body is hinged to the longitudinal side vertical plate of the other longitudinal side template, and the threads at both ends of the threaded tube are in opposite directions. The first rod body and the second rod body are also connected together by a tension spring 17. When the distance between the two longitudinal side templates is a set value, the tension spring is in a stretched state. The tension spring is inserted into the threaded tube. There are bayonet holes 18 on the lower surfaces of both ends of the upper connecting plate, and the upper ends of the two longitudinal side templates are inserted into the bayonet holes at both ends of the upper connecting plate one by one. When the longitudinal side templates are in the expanded state, the two longitudinal side vertical plates of the same longitudinal side template are inserted into the bayonet holes.The bidirectional prestressing mechanism includes a vertical force transmission tube 19 located in the tunnel, a jack 20, a longitudinal side template connecting rod 21, a transverse side template connecting rod 22 and a vertical force transmission rod 23 inserted in the vertical force transmission tube. The jack is used to drive the vertical force transmission tube and the vertical force transmission rod to move in opposite directions along the vertical direction. The upper connecting plate is provided with an avoidance through hole 24 for the vertical force transmission tube to pass through. One end of the longitudinal template connecting rod is hinged on the vertical force transmission tube through the first transverse hinge shaft 25, and the other end is connected to the longitudinal side connecting seat 32 through the second transverse hinge shaft 26. The longitudinal side connecting seat is hinged to the longitudinal side vertical plate through the longitudinal side vertical hinge shaft 27. Each longitudinal side vertical plate is connected to at least one longitudinal side template connecting rod. One end of the longitudinal side template connecting rod connected to the longitudinal side vertical plate is high and the other end is low. Specifically: when the longitudinal side template is in the unfolded state and is fixed by the template installation and fixing mechanism, the angle between the longitudinal side template connecting rod and the horizontal plane is 2° to 5°. One end of the horizontal template connecting rod is hinged to the vertical force transmission rod through the first longitudinal hinge shaft 28, and the other end is connected to the horizontal side connecting seat 33 through the second longitudinal hinge shaft 29. The horizontal side connecting seat is hinged to the horizontal side vertical plate through the horizontal side vertical hinge shaft 30. Each vertical and horizontal side vertical plate is connected to at least one horizontal template connecting rod. One end of the horizontal template connecting rod connected to the horizontal side vertical plate is low and the other end is high. Specifically: when the vertical side template is in the unfolded state and the arc-shaped convex strip is inserted into the arc-shaped convex groove, the angle between the horizontal side template connecting rod and the horizontal plane is 2° to 5°. The connection point of the vertical side template connecting rod and the vertical side plate is located at one end where the two vertical side plates are hinged together; the connection point of the horizontal side template connecting rod and the horizontal side plate is located at one end where the two horizontal side plates are hinged together. The upper end of the vertical force transmission tube is provided with an end plate 31, and one end of the jack is connected to the upper end of the vertical force transmission rod and the other end is connected to the end plate. The widths of the two longitudinal vertical boards in the same longitudinal side formwork are equal, and the widths of the two transverse vertical boards in the same transverse side formwork are equal.

[0032] First assemble the present invention, specifically, make the longitudinal side mold in an expanded state and the upper end is stuck in the slot of the upper connecting plate, rotate the threaded tube so that the longitudinal support rod separates the two longitudinal side templates at a set distance, the arc-shaped protrusion is stuck in the arc-shaped slot, and the jack is extended, so that the vertical force transfer rod and the vertical force transfer rod are separated and extended, and the longitudinal side template and the transverse side template are increased with prestress to maintain a reliable whole. The present invention is hoisted into a narrow plane space, and the template of the present invention cooperates with other objects to form a cavity for casting the wall of the narrow space, and concrete is poured into the cavity (the concrete is in contact with the side of the longitudinal side vertical plate and the transverse side vertical plate away from the vertical lane), and the present invention is demolded after the casting is completed. The demolding process of the present invention is: remove the upper connecting plate, disengage the threaded tube from the first rod body or the second rod body, and make the jack shrink. The result of the shrinkage is that the vertical force transfer tube and the vertical force transfer rod shrink and close, so that the transverse side template and the longitudinal side template are folded and gathered toward the lane, and the concrete is disengaged, thereby achieving demolding.

Claims

1. A bidirectional prestressed formwork assembly for plane narrow space concrete construction, comprising a formwork unit, characterized in that: It also includes a template installation and fixing mechanism and a bidirectional prestressing mechanism. The template unit includes two longitudinal side templates arranged in opposite directions in the longitudinal direction and two transverse side templates arranged in opposite directions in the transverse direction. The two longitudinal side vertical plates and the two transverse side vertical plates surround the vertical tunnel. The longitudinal side template includes two longitudinal side vertical plates extending in the transverse direction and hinged together by longitudinal side vertical hinge shafts. The surfaces of the longitudinal side vertical plates at both transverse ends facing the vertical tunnel are provided with arc grooves extending in the up-down direction. The longitudinal side vertical plates are located on one side of the vertical tunnel and are provided with longitudinal side vertical plate limit blocks. The two longitudinal side vertical plates constituting the same longitudinal side template, one longitudinal side vertical plate The longitudinal side vertical plate limit stopper is blocked on the other longitudinal side vertical plate, so that the two longitudinal side vertical plates can only be closed in a way that one end of the two longitudinal side vertical plates connected together is arched toward the vertical tunnel; the transverse side template includes two transverse side vertical plates extending in the longitudinal direction, which are hinged together by a transverse side vertical hinge shaft, and arc-shaped convex strips extending in the up-and-down directions are provided on the two longitudinal end surfaces of the transverse side vertical plates, and a transverse side vertical plate limit stopper is provided on one side of the transverse side vertical plate located in the vertical tunnel; the two transverse side vertical plates constituting the same transverse side template, the transverse side vertical plate limit stopper on one transverse side vertical plate blocks the other transverse side The two side vertical plates can be closed only by arching one end of the two side vertical plates toward the vertical tunnel, and the arc-shaped convex strips can be rotatably sealed and connected in the arc groove one by one; the template installation and fixing mechanism is used to maintain the two longitudinal side templates at a set distance; the bidirectional prestressing mechanism is used to: maintain the two longitudinal side templates in an open state and generate a longitudinal separation force, maintain the two transverse side templates in an open state and generate a transverse separation force, and the template installation and fixing mechanism includes two longitudinal support rods. The two longitudinal side vertical plates of a longitudinal side template are connected by The two longitudinal support rods are connected to the two longitudinal side vertical plates of another longitudinal side formwork one by one. The longitudinal support rod includes a first rod body whose one end is hinged to the longitudinal side vertical plate of the same longitudinal side formwork, a threaded tube whose one end is threadedly connected to the other end of the first rod body, and a second rod body whose one end is threadedly connected to the other end of the threaded tube. The other end of the second rod body is hinged to the longitudinal side vertical plate of the other longitudinal side formwork, and the thread directions of the two ends of the threaded tube are opposite. The first rod body and the second rod body are also connected together by a tension spring. When the distance between the two longitudinal side formworks is a set value, the tension spring is in a stretched state.

2. The bidirectional prestressed formwork assembly for plane narrow space concrete construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The template installation and fixing mechanism also includes an upper connecting plate, and the lower surfaces of both ends of the upper connecting plate are provided with bayonet holes. The upper ends of the two longitudinal side templates are inserted into the bayonet holes at both ends of the upper connecting plate one by one. When the longitudinal side template is in the expanded state, the two longitudinal side vertical plates of the same longitudinal side template are inserted into the bayonet holes.

3. The bidirectional prestressed formwork assembly for planar narrow space concrete construction according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The bidirectional prestressed mechanism comprises a vertical force transmission tube, a jack, a longitudinal side formwork connecting rod, a transverse side formwork connecting rod and a vertical force transmission rod inserted in the vertical force transmission tube, wherein the jack is used to drive the vertical force transmission tube and the vertical force transmission rod to move in opposite directions vertically; one end of the longitudinal side formwork connecting rod is hinged to the vertical force transmission tube through a first transverse hinge shaft, and the other end is connected to the longitudinal side connecting seat through a second transverse hinge shaft, and the longitudinal side connecting seat is hinged to the longitudinal side vertical plate through the longitudinal side vertical hinge shaft, and each longitudinal side vertical plate is hinged to At least one of the longitudinal side formwork connecting rods is connected, and one end of the longitudinal side formwork connecting rod connected to the longitudinal side vertical plate is high, and the other end is low; one end of the transverse side formwork connecting rod is hinged to the vertical force transmission rod through a first longitudinal hinge, and the other end is connected to the transverse side connecting seat through a second longitudinal hinge, and the transverse side connecting seat is hinged to the transverse side vertical plate through a transverse side vertical hinge. Each of the longitudinal and transverse side vertical plates is connected to at least one of the transverse side formwork connecting rods, and one end of the transverse side formwork connecting rod is low, and the other end is high.

4. The bidirectional prestressed formwork assembly for plane narrow space concrete construction according to claim 3 is characterized in that: When the longitudinal side formwork is in the expanded state and fixed by the formwork installation and fixing mechanism, the angle between the longitudinal side formwork connecting rod and the horizontal plane is 2°~5°; when the longitudinal side formwork is in the expanded state and the arc-shaped convex strip is passed through the arc-shaped groove, the angle between the transverse side formwork connecting rod and the horizontal plane is 2°~5°.

5. The bidirectional prestressed formwork assembly for plane narrow space concrete construction according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The connection point between the longitudinal side formwork connecting rod and the longitudinal side vertical plate is located at one end where the two longitudinal side vertical plates are hinged together; the connection point between the transverse side formwork connecting rod and the transverse side vertical plate is located at one end where the two transverse side vertical plates are hinged together.

6. The bidirectional prestressed formwork assembly for planar narrow space concrete construction according to claim 3, characterized in that: An end plate is provided at the upper end of the vertical force transmission tube, one end of the jack is connected to the upper end of the vertical force transmission rod, and the other end is connected to the end plate.

7. The bidirectional prestressed formwork assembly for planar narrow space concrete construction according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The widths of the two longitudinal side vertical boards in the same longitudinal side formwork are equal, and the widths of the two transverse side vertical boards in the same transverse side formwork are equal.

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