A kind of factory-based production process of button mushroom

Abstract

The invention discloses a factory-based Agaricus bisporus production process, which comprises the following steps: step one, collecting and testing raw materials, wherein the testing indicators include: water content, nitrogen content and carbon content; step two, formulating a production formula according to the test result, wherein the nitrogen content in the production formula is 1.5-1.8%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of dry matter is 22:1-28:1; step three, selecting main raw materials and auxiliary materials according to the formula, mixing, piling and fermenting to form a base material; step four, centrally fermenting the base material to form a mycelium material; step five, feeding materials in a mushroom house, covering with soil and cultivating; step six, harvesting Agaricus bisporus; step seven, changing tide, cultivating and environmental stimulation; step eight and step nine, disinfecting the mushroom house with materials. The factory-based Agaricus bisporus production process reduces the time occupied by a traditional cultivation process flow in a mushroom house, increases the annual turnover rate of the mushroom house, solves the problem of backward traditional technology and process pointed out in the background technology, and is suitable for Agaricus bisporus production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and in particular relates to a factory-based production process of Agaricus oleifera. Background Art

[0002] With the progress of society, people's living standards have been greatly improved, the nutritional value and nutritional balance of food have been increasingly valued, and people's requirements for the quality of the living environment have become higher and higher. Due to the small production and high demand of Agaricus nitidus, it is expensive and is still the most expensive mushroom in the Chinese market.

[0003] The cultivation of Oyster mushroom has the industrial advantages of quick results and high returns, but due to the traditional planting methods, the yield is low and the annual production cycle is only 1-2 times. The development of the industry has been slow. Mushroom farmers are unable to grow high-quality and high-yield Oyster mushrooms due to their backward technical level and production equipment and facilities. The backward traditional technology and processes are the main reason. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a factory-based production process of Oyster Mushroom, aiming to solve the problem of backwardness of the traditional technology process pointed out in the background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A factory-based production process of Oyster mushrooms comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Collect and test raw materials. The test indicators include: moisture, nitrogen content, and carbon content;

[0008] Step 2: According to the test results, a production formula is formulated, wherein the nitrogen content in the production formula is 1.5-1.8%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of dry matter is 22:1-28:1;

[0009] Step 3: According to the formula, main raw materials and auxiliary materials are selected, mixed, piled and fermented to form the base material;

[0010] Step 4: Centralized fermentation of the base material;

[0011] Step 5: Loading materials, covering soil and cultivating in the mushroom house;

[0012] Step 6: Harvesting the mushrooms;

[0013] Step 7: Tide transfer, cultivation, and environmental stimulation;

[0014] Step 8: Harvest ↔ Turn tide;

[0015] Step 9: Disinfection of mushroom house and materials.

[0016] As a limitation, the mixing in step 3 includes the following steps:

[0017] Break up and soften all the main raw materials and auxiliary materials;

[0018] The main raw materials and auxiliary materials are fully stirred twice, and piled for 24 hours after each stirring.

[0019] As another limitation, the fermentation in step three includes a first fermentation and a second fermentation;

[0020] The first fermentation includes the following steps:

[0021] The mixed main raw materials and auxiliary materials are evenly filled into the fermentation tank;

[0022] Complete three high-temperature aerobic fermentations in the fermentation tank at a temperature of 76-82°C;

[0023] After the first fermentation is completed, the base material pH value is 7.5-8.0, the nitrogen content is 1.9%-2.0%, and the first fermentation cycle is 10-11 days;

[0024] The second fermentation includes the following steps:

[0025] Temperature equalization stage: add the base material that has been fermented in the first fermentation into the fermentation bin, and keep the base material in the fermentation bin for 8 hours to make the material temperature uniform;

[0026] Heating stage: Control the base material temperature, the heating rate is 1.2℃ / h-1.5℃ / h, the heating period is 12-18 hours, and the highest temperature during the heating period is less than or equal to 56℃;

[0027] Pasteurization: The base material temperature is greater than 56°C and lasts for 8-10 hours. During pasteurization, the base material temperature and the temperature in the fermentation chamber are between 56-60°C. After pasteurization, the ammonia content in the fermentation chamber is less than 600ppm.

[0028] High temperature culture: After pasteurization, the base material temperature is reduced to 47-49°C, and the cooling rate is 2-3°C / h. When the base material is cooled, the temperature in the fermentation chamber is 2°C lower than the base material temperature. When the base material temperature drops to 47-49°C, a temperature equalization operation is performed, and then the base material is maintained at 47-49°C. The high temperature culture stage lasts for 3-4 days. When the ammonia content in the fermentation chamber is lower than 15ppm, the high temperature culture stage ends;

[0029] Cooling and discharging: Control the base material temperature at 23-28℃.

[0030] As another limitation, the centralized fermentation of the base material in step 4 comprises the following steps:

[0031] Sowing and feeding: Sowing the Agaricus spawn into the base material fermented in step 3, the Agaricus spawn is 0.9% of the base material, the water content of the base material is 64%, and the overall thickness of the base material is less than 2.2 meters;

[0032] Fungus culture: After sowing and feeding, the base material temperature is controlled at 25-26℃, and the temperature is balanced by the air conditioning system. The duration is 16-18 days;

[0033] Cooling and discharging: When the mycelium is full of the base material, the discharging is stopped. When the water content of the base material is lower than 59%, water is added to the base material and the base material temperature is regulated. The amount of water added is less than 2L / m 2 , adjust the base material temperature at 15-18℃.

[0034] As another limitation, the step 5 of feeding the mushroom house, covering the mushroom house with soil, and cultivating the mushroom house comprises the following steps:

[0035] h. Spread the base material carrying mycelium on the bed frame through a feeder. Add gypsum or water during the feeding process. Gypsum is evenly added at the starting end of the conveyor belt of the feeder, and water is evenly added at the conveyor belt of the feeder. Purified water is used for water replenishment;

[0036] i. The covering soil is deep peat soil, and the covering soil is sterilized by steaming at 55-58℃ for 8 hours, and the covering soil temperature is less than or equal to 58℃;

[0037] j. Cover the mycelium material with the sterilized covering soil to a thickness of 4-5 cm, and granulate the covering soil at the same time. The distribution of the pellet sizes is 4-5 cm, 3-4 cm, and 1-2 cm;

[0038] k. After loading and covering with soil, the space is disinfected using fog disinfectant or ozone;

[0039] l. Keep the airtightness of the mushroom house during the soil covering period, control the air conditioning unit to mainly use internal circulation, and keep the carbon dioxide value in the mushroom house in an upward state. The soil covering period is 16-18 days. On the 11th day, adjust and control the carbon dioxide concentration in the room to 8000-10000ppm. After the 14th day, cool down steadily and slowly to reduce the carbon dioxide concentration in the room. The cooling rate is 1-2℃ / day. Watering stimulates the hyphae to twist and form fruiting bodies.

[0040] As another limitation, the step six of harvesting Agaricus bisporus includes harvesting sequence, harvesting standard, harvesting and cleaning the bed and cultivation during the harvesting period; the harvesting sequence is to harvest the first tide, the second tide and the third tide in sequence; the harvesting standard is to pick mushrooms with latex gloves so that the length of the mushroom roots is 0.5-1.5 cm; the harvesting and cleaning of the bed is to treat the bed surface with miscellaneous bacteria; the cultivation during the harvesting period maintains the temperature in the mushroom room at 16-18°C, and at the same time controls the carbon dioxide concentration at 800-1200ppm.

[0041] As another limitation, the step 7 of tidal transfer, cultivation and environmental stimulation is after harvesting and cleaning the bed, the mushroom house is heated to 20-22°C after harvesting and cleaning the bed, and the base material is supplemented with water at a rate of 1-2L / m 2 / time, total water replenishment is 6-10L / m 2 , and lower the temperature in the mushroom house to 17-18℃.

[0042] As another limitation, in the step eight of harvesting↔tide change, the tide change period is 4-6 days, the first tide period is 4-5 days, and the second tide period is 5-6 days.

[0043] As another limitation, in step nine, the mushroom house disinfection with materials is to steam disinfect the mushroom house after the third wave of harvest of Agaricus oleifera, with the steam disinfection temperature being higher than 80° C. and the time being 8-12 hours.

[0044] As another limitation, the steam sterilization is the sterilization of mushroom rooms awaiting materials and the sterilization of empty mushroom rooms, the sterilization temperature of the empty mushroom rooms is higher than 80° C., and the sterilization time is 4 hours.

[0045] Due to the adoption of the above structure, the present invention has the following technical advances compared with the prior art:

[0046] In the factory-based Agaricus bisporus production process of the present invention, the base material is centrally fermented to make mycelium material instead of the traditional mushroom house cultivation bed frame, so that the high-temperature fermentation process of the base material is completed in a controllable and sealed environment, which reduces the time occupied by the traditional cultivation process in the mushroom house, increases the annual turnover rate of the mushroom house, and enables the production time in the mushroom house to be controlled within 45 days;

[0047] In the factory-based Agaricus bisporus production process of the present invention, a fermentation tank is used to replace a primary fermentation tunnel, and a fermentation bin is used to replace a secondary fermentation tunnel in the fermentation link, thereby reducing the investment in production equipment and workshop buildings, reducing the cost expenditure of the production process, and increasing the production efficiency.

[0048] In summary, the factory-based Agaricus bisporus production process of the present invention reduces the time that the traditional cultivation process occupies the mushroom house, increases the annual turnover rate of the mushroom house, increases production efficiency, solves the problem of backward traditional technology and process pointed out in the background technology, and is suitable for Agaricus bisporus production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0050] The present embodiment discloses a factory-based Agaricus sphaerocephala production process, including raw material collection, the raw materials include oat straw, distiller's grains, sea buckthorn branches, gypsum, sesame meal, soybean meal, Agaricus sphaerocephala strains, peat soil, corn straw, wheat straw, etc., according to the collected raw material samples and field sampling tests, the test indicators include: moisture content, nitrogen content, carbon content, according to the test data to formulate a production formula: oat straw, sea buckthorn branches, distiller's grains, gypsum, sesame meal, soybean meal, so that the nitrogen content in the formula is 1.5-1.8%, the dry matter carbon-nitrogen ratio is 22:1-28:1, the main raw materials in the formula include oat straw and sea buckthorn branches, the auxiliary materials include distiller's grains, gypsum, sesame meal, soybean meal, the formula test data is shown in Table 1;

[0051] name Water content Carbon content Nitrogen content Oats straw 12.60% 45.31% 0.82% Sea buckthorn branches 35.00% 52.40% 1.90% Lees 45.00% 49.00% 1.80% plaster 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Sesame meal 7.00% 48.00% 2.50% Soybean meal 6.00% 46.00% 7.20%

[0052] According to the test data in Table 1, the preferred formula is formulated as Table 2;

[0053] name weight unit Oats straw 10.00 ton Sea buckthorn branches 8.00 ton Lees 8.00 ton plaster 1.50 ton Sesame meal 2.00 ton Soybean meal 1.50 ton

[0054] In the formula, the total nitrogen content is 1.72%, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of dry matter is 26:1, and the ash content is less than 8%, so that the base material prepared according to the formula has good permeability. The production process of the Agaricus glutamate prepared by the formula is suitable for factory production.

[0055] After all the main raw materials and auxiliary materials in the formula are broken up and softened, they are added to the mixing production line in proportion. After mixing, they are piled up for 1 day, i.e. 24 hours. Then the pile is filled into the mixing production line and only broken up and stirred. After mixing, they are piled up for another day. The mixing starts fermentation and lasts for 3 days in total including the mixing time.

[0056] The mixed main raw materials and auxiliary materials are transported to the aerial vehicle feeding system by a loader, and the main raw materials and auxiliary materials are filled into the fermentation tank to form a base material, and the base material is fermented for the first time. When the temperature of the base material rises to between 76-82°C, such as 80°C, the fermentation tank is rotated clockwise and counterclockwise alternately. After the base material is fully mixed, it is heated again, and the operation is repeated for 3 high-temperature stages. The first fermentation lasts for 10 days. The use of fermentation tanks instead of a fermentation tunnel reduces the investment in production equipment and facilities and workshop buildings, reduces the cost expenditure of the production process, and increases production efficiency.

[0057] The base material is discharged from the fermentation tank, and the moisture content is 64%, the pH value is 7.5-8.0, and the nitrogen content is 1.9%-2.0%. The base material is dark brown in color, without the sour smell of anaerobic fermentation. Purified water is added when entering the second fermentation warehouse. The fermentation warehouse is a container fermentation warehouse. The use of the fermentation warehouse instead of the secondary fermentation tunnel reduces the implementation of production equipment and the investment in workshop buildings, reduces the cost of the production process, and increases production efficiency. The water is added to 72%, and the fermentation warehouse door is closed for the second fermentation. The second fermentation includes the temperature equalization stage, the temperature increase stage, pasteurization, high temperature cultivation, and temperature reduction and discharge. The base material of the first fermentation is added to the fermentation warehouse during the temperature equalization stage. The temperature equalization stage is the first process control point for the base material to enter the warehouse. Due to climate, time stage and fermentation process, etc. Affected by various factors, the temperature difference of the base material after entering the fermentation bin is large. Generally, the maximum difference in material temperature is about 12°C. The temperature difference of the base material must be reduced to within 2°C before starting the subsequent stage of the second fermentation. The intelligent control system is used to pull the material temperature to a consistent level within 8 hours after the base material enters the fermentation bin. The main control method is to increase the fan operating power, reduce the oxygen supply, increase the internal circulation and reduce the fresh air supply, and level the material temperature through high wind speed and high circulation; Heating stage: After the material temperature is leveled, quickly reduce the fan long-distance power, and introduce an appropriate amount of fresh air. The fresh air is the outside air, and the opening degree of the fresh air valve shall not be less than 5%. The base material is controlled to rise steadily at a heating rate of 1.2°C / h-1.5°C / h, where h represents hours, and the heating period is generally controlled at 1 Within 2-18h, the maximum temperature during the heating period shall not exceed 56℃, that is, the temperature is less than or equal to 56℃. During the heating process, the balance between the fresh air volume and the fan operating efficiency must be maintained to avoid excessive material temperature difference; for pasteurization, after the base material temperature rises to 56℃, that is, the base material temperature is higher than 56℃, the pasteurization stage begins. This stage lasts for 8-10 hours. During this period, the base material temperature and the temperature in the fermentation bin are controlled between 56-60℃, and the ammonia content in the fermentation bin is ensured to be less than 600ppm at the end of pasteurization; for high-temperature cultivation, after pasteurization is completed, the base material temperature is first steadily reduced to 47-49℃. During this stage, the temperature in the fermentation bin is adjusted to be 2℃ lower than the material temperature, and the cooling rate of 2-3℃ / h is maintained continuously. After the high-temperature cultivation stage begins, The material temperature is leveled (averaged) once, and then maintained at 47-49°C. The high-temperature cultivation stage lasts for 3-4 days. The ammonia content in the fermentation bin is an important sign of the end of the high-temperature cultivation stage. The high-temperature cultivation can be ended when the ammonia content is lower than 15ppm; the material is cooled and discharged, and the fresh air valve is opened. The fresh air is used to quickly flow away the heat to cool the base material. The material temperature is controlled between 23-28°C according to the climate environment. The optimal sowing temperature is 25°C. The second fermentation lasts for 7 days. After the secondary fermentation of the base material is completed, the sensory standards are: more than 70% of the compost surface has gray-white actinomycetes, and the actinomycetes are ring-shaped on the surface of the oat straw. After washing the actinomycetes on the surface of the compost with clean water, the straw becomes dark brown. The material is not sticky and elastic when held in the hand, and has a strong sweet smell of corn.

[0058] Use the fermentation bin discharge machine to pull out the base material and transfer it to the fermentation container for centralized fermentation. Choose whether to add purified water according to the difference between the discharge moisture and 64%. If the difference is greater than 1%, purified water needs to be added. If the difference is less than 1%, no water needs to be added. The overall thickness of the base material is less than 2.2 meters. Add 250 kg of Agaricus spawn while filling it. Agaricus spawn accounts for 0.9% of the amount of the base material. Sow in a mixed way, that is, sow in the material; culture for fermentation. After sowing in the material, immediately control the base material temperature to maintain at 25-26℃. The mycelium begins to grow from the spawn into the base material. The growth rate is slow at the beginning, and then the speed will gradually accelerate. After entering the rapid growth stage, a large amount of heat will be released, and the air conditioning system needs to be used to balance the cooling capacity of the temperature increase, that is, the air conditioning system is used to cool down. This stage lasts for 16-18 days. It enters the rapid temperature rise stage on the 6th day after the self-incubation, and enters the high-speed temperature rise stage on the 9th-13th day. The intelligent control system of the fermentation warehouse must balance the material temperature by increasing the refrigeration cycle and the fan operation efficiency; cool down and discharge the material. The incubation stage ends when the mycelium is full of the base material. At the end of the base material temperature, it should be controlled between 15-18℃. When the moisture content of the base material is detected to be below 59%, the temperature is adjusted by adding water while discharging the material. The amount of water added is not more than 2L / m 2 , the concentrated sterilization work lasted for 16 days.

[0059] Feeding, covering and cultivation in mushroom house. When feeding, ensure that the feeder and bed frame are in the same straight line. There should be no breakage on both sides of the material (base material carrying mycelium). Ensure that the feeding is compact, flat and coherent to reduce material drop and waste. Calculate the feeding thickness according to the amount of base material before feeding to avoid leftover material. When covering with soil, ensure that the soil layer thickness is uniform to reduce soil drop on both sides of the cultivation bed frame. The thickness of the covering soil is controlled at 4-5 cm. At the same time, the covering soil is granulated. The distribution of pellet sizes is 4-5 cm, 3-4 cm and 1-2 cm. There should be no compacted covering soil area. Covering with soil is carried out while feeding. The total covering soil is 9.6m 3, humidity is 85%. When mixing the materials, the humidity of the covering soil is 85%. When covering the soil, the humidity is reduced to 80%. The covering soil and base material that fall on the ground cannot be used again. The covering soil requires a moisture content of not less than 70% and not more than 80%. The covering soil material is deep peat soil. The covering soil is sterilized by steam at 55-58℃ for 8 hours, and the covering soil temperature cannot exceed 58℃; when gypsum or water needs to be added during the feeding process, the gypsum must be added evenly at the feeding conveyor belt, that is, the starting end of the feeding conveyor belt. Purified water is used for water replenishment, and water replenishment is added evenly at the conveyor belt; After adding materials and covering with soil, use smoke disinfectant or ozone to disinfect the space; after adding materials and covering with soil, it is the covering period. During the covering period, keep the mushroom house airtight, control the air conditioning unit to mainly internal circulation, and keep the carbon dioxide value in the mushroom house in an upward state. The time for mycelium to be covered with soil is 16-18 days. On the 11th day, adjust and control the carbon dioxide concentration in the mushroom house to 8000-10000ppm. After the 14th day, start to cool down steadily and slowly, reduce the carbon dioxide concentration in the mushroom house, water appropriately, stimulate the mycelium to twist and form fruiting bodies, and the covering period is 18-20 days.

[0060] The first wave of harvesting for Agaricus bisporus was 4 days, with a yield of 2.365 tons; the second wave of harvesting was 5 days, with a yield of 2.58 tons; the third wave of harvesting was 6 days, with a yield of 1.95 tons, with a total harvesting period of 24 days, a yield of 6.895 tons, and an average unit capacity of 32.07kg / m 2 The following specific standards are included in the harvesting of Agaricus bisporus: The order of harvesting operations in the mushroom house is based on the growth stage in the mushroom house. The first wave of harvesting rooms and cultivation beds are preferred, followed by the second and third waves; Harvesting standards: Wear latex gloves when picking mushrooms. Use two fingers to gently pinch the mushroom cap and twist it sideways. Push the mushrooms gently to pick them. Do not pull them up hard. Do not touch other young mushrooms and the bed surface. Use a brush to clean the removable soil on the mushrooms in time. Brush the mushrooms from the top of the mushroom cap in one direction downwards. Do not brush repeatedly. Spotted soil does not need to be brushed. Return the peat soil that is too much for the mushroom roots to its original position. Then use a knife to flatten the mushroom roots and place them on a plate. The length of the mushroom roots should be 0.5-1. 5 cm. When placing mushrooms on a plate, do not turn them over. Put them in place at one time. Keep the hands and knives for picking mushrooms clean. When the gloves are dirty, wipe them clean with a disinfected rag in time; harvest and clean the beds. When cleaning the beds, small mushrooms, dead mushrooms, mushroom stems and mushroom roots must be picked and cleaned. Do not damage the bed surface. When cleaning the beds, pick up small mushrooms one by one and do not grab them in a large area with your hands. When cleaning the beds, normal mushrooms and dead mushrooms in the bacteria-filled areas on the bed surface should be cleared in time, and the bacteria should be treated with edible salt; cultivate during the harvest period. After entering the harvest period, keep the temperature in the mushroom room at 16-18℃ while controlling the carbon dioxide concentration to 800-1200ppm, and control the opening degree of the fresh air valve to 10%-90% according to the amount of mushrooms on the cultivation bed.

[0061] Tidal change, cultivation and environmental stimulation refer to the control of raising the temperature of the mushroom house to 20-22℃ after harvesting and cleaning the bed, and replenishing water for the base material at the same time, and the amount of water replenishment is controlled at 1-2L / m 2 / times, control the total water replenishment volume at 6-10L / m according to the harvest volume 2 , and steadily lower the temperature in the mushroom house to 17-18℃.

[0062] Harvesting ↔ Tide Change means that the cultivation of Agaricus oleifera requires three to four harvests. The period between harvests is the tide change period. The cultivation process at this stage alternates between harvesting and tide change. After the tide change period lasting 4-6 days, the mycelium is stimulated to enter reproductive growth from vegetative growth. The tide change period is based on the mushroom fruiting tide, generally controlled at 4-5 days after the first tide and 5-6 days after the second tide.

[0063] The mushroom house with materials disinfection is to be closed immediately after the third wave of Agaricus bisporus harvest, start steam to disinfect the mushroom house, and control the disinfection temperature above 80℃. It is generally controlled within 8-12 hours according to the thickness of the base material. Steam disinfection is beneficial to completely disinfect the base material in the mushroom house and all the pipes and drainage in the mushroom house, and ensure that the base material is free of bacteria, diseases and insect pests when unloading, effectively preventing cross-infection in the production plant. After the steaming is completed, wait until the base material temperature and the temperature in the mushroom house drop below 40℃, unload the materials immediately, and carry out empty steam disinfection on the cleaned mushroom house, and control the disinfection temperature above 80℃ for 4 hours.

[0064] The working principle of the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:

[0065] The factory-based production process of Oyster mushrooms includes the following steps:

[0066] Step 1: First, collect and test the raw materials. The test indicators include: moisture, nitrogen content, and carbon content;

[0067] Step 2: According to the test results, formulate a production formula and calculate the dosage of various raw materials. The nitrogen content in the production formula is 1.5-1.8%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of dry matter is 22:1-28:1;

[0068] Step 3: According to the formula, main raw materials and auxiliary materials are selected, mixed, piled and fermented to form a base material. The main raw materials and auxiliary materials are fully stirred twice, and after each stirring, they are piled for 24 hours, and the base material is fermented twice to obtain the base material;

[0069] Step 4: The base material is centrally fermented, the base material obtained from the second fermentation is loaded into a fermentation container, and the mushroom spawn is sown in the base material for fermentation;

[0070] Step 5: Loading the mushroom house: Spread the base material with mycelium on the bed frame and cover it with soil at the same time. After loading and covering, disinfect the space and cultivate Agaricus oleifera.

[0071] Step 6: Harvest the mushrooms. When harvesting the mushrooms, clean the bed and remove the assorted fungi;

[0072] Step 7: Tide transfer, cultivation, and environmental stimulation;

[0073] Step 8: Harvest ↔ Turn tide;

[0074] Step nine: Sterilize the mushroom house with materials. Use steam to sterilize the mushroom house. Unload the materials after sterilization. Use steam to sterilize the mushroom house again after unloading the materials. The sterilization temperature should be controlled above 80℃.

[0075] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A factory-based production process of Oyster mushroom, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Collect and test raw materials. The test indicators include: moisture, nitrogen content, and carbon content; Step 2: According to the test results, a production formula is formulated, wherein the nitrogen content in the production formula is 1.5-1.8%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of dry matter is 22:1-28:1; Step 3: According to the formula, main raw materials and auxiliary materials are selected, mixed, piled and fermented to form a base material, and the fermentation includes a first fermentation and a second fermentation; The first fermentation includes the following steps: The mixed main raw materials and auxiliary materials are evenly filled into the fermentation tank; Complete three high-temperature aerobic fermentations in the fermentation tank at a temperature of 76-82°C; After the first fermentation is completed, the base material pH value is 7.5-8.0, the nitrogen content is 1.9%-2.0%, and the first fermentation cycle is 10-11 days; The second fermentation includes the following steps: Temperature equalization stage: add the base material of the first fermentation into the fermentation bin, and keep the base material in the fermentation bin for 8 hours to make the temperature of the material uniform; Heating stage: Control the base material temperature, the heating rate is 1.2℃ / h-1.5℃ / h, the heating period is 12-18 hours, and the highest temperature during the heating period is less than or equal to 56℃; Pasteurization: The base material temperature is greater than 56°C and lasts for 8-10 hours. During pasteurization, the base material temperature and the temperature in the fermentation chamber are greater than 56°C and less than or equal to 60°C. After pasteurization, the ammonia content in the fermentation chamber is less than 600ppm. High temperature culture: After pasteurization, the base material temperature is reduced to 47-49°C, and the cooling rate is 2-3°C / h. When the base material is cooled, the temperature in the fermentation chamber is 2°C lower than the base material temperature. When the base material temperature drops to 47-49°C, a temperature equalization operation is performed, and then the base material temperature is maintained at 47-49°C. The high temperature culture stage lasts for 3-4 days. When the ammonia content in the fermentation chamber is lower than 15ppm, the high temperature culture stage ends; Cooling and discharging: Control the base material temperature at 23-28℃; Step 4: The base material is concentrated for fermentation, including the following steps: Sowing and feeding: Sowing the Agaricus spawn into the base material fermented in step 3, the Agaricus spawn is 0.9% of the base material, the water content of the base material is 64%, and the overall thickness of the base material is less than 2.2 meters; Fungus culture: After sowing and feeding, the base material temperature is controlled at 25-26℃, and the temperature is balanced by the air conditioning system. The duration is 16-18 days; Cooling and discharging: When the mycelium is full of the base material, the discharging is stopped. When the water content of the base material is lower than 59%, water is added to the base material and the base material temperature is regulated. The amount of water added is less than 2L / m 2 , adjust the base material temperature at 15-18℃; Step 5: Loading materials, covering soil and cultivating in mushroom house, including the following steps: The base material carrying mycelium is spread on the bed frame through a feeder. Gypsum and water are added during the feeding process. Gypsum is evenly added at the starting end of the conveyor belt of the feeder, and water is evenly added at the conveyor belt of the feeder. Purified water is used for water replenishment. The covering soil is deep peat soil, and the covering soil is sterilized by steaming at 55-58℃ for 8 hours, and the covering soil temperature is less than or equal to 58℃; Cover the mycelium material with the sterilized covering soil to a thickness of 4-5 cm, and granulate the covering soil at the same time, with the distribution of pellet sizes being 3-5 cm and 1-2 cm; After loading and covering with soil, the space is disinfected using fog disinfectant or ozone; During the soil covering period, keep the mushroom house airtight, control the air conditioning unit to mainly use internal circulation, and keep the carbon dioxide value in the mushroom house rising. The soil covering period is 16-18 days. On the 11th day, adjust and control the carbon dioxide concentration in the mushroom house to 8000-10000ppm. After the 14th day, cool down steadily and slowly to reduce the carbon dioxide concentration in the mushroom house. The cooling rate is 1-2℃ / day. Watering stimulates the mycelium to twist and form fruiting bodies. Step 6: Harvesting the mushrooms; Step 7: Tide transfer, cultivation, and environmental stimulation; Step 8: Harvest ↔ Turn tide; Step 9: Disinfection of mushroom house and materials.

2. The industrialized production process of Oyster Mushroom according to claim 1, wherein: The mixing in step 3 comprises the following steps: Break up and soften all the main raw materials and auxiliary materials; The main raw materials and auxiliary materials are fully stirred twice, and piled for 24 hours after each stirring.

3. The industrialized production process of Oyster Mushroom according to claim 1, wherein: The step six of harvesting Agaricus bisporus includes harvesting sequence, harvesting standard, harvesting bed cleaning and cultivation during the harvesting period; the harvesting sequence is to harvest the first tide, the second tide and the third tide in sequence; the harvesting standard is to wear latex gloves to pick mushrooms so that the length of the mushroom roots is 0.5-1.5 cm; the harvesting bed cleaning is to treat the bed surface with miscellaneous bacteria; the cultivation during the harvesting period maintains the temperature in the mushroom room at 16-18°C, and controls the carbon dioxide concentration at 800-1200ppm.

4. The industrialized production process of Oyster Mushroom according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 7, the tidal change, cultivation and environmental stimulation are performed after harvesting and cleaning the bed. After harvesting and cleaning the bed, the temperature of the mushroom house is raised to 20-22°C, and the base material is supplemented with water at a rate of 1-2L / m 2 / time, total water replenishment is 6-10L / m 2 , and lower the temperature in the mushroom house to 17-18℃.

5. The industrialized production process of Oyster Mushroom according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the step eight, the period of harvesting↔tide change is 4-6 days, the first tide is 4-5 days, and the second tide is 5-6 days.

6. The industrialized production process of Oyster Mushroom according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the step nine, the mushroom house disinfection with materials is to perform steam disinfection on the mushroom house after the third wave of Agaricus oleifera harvest, the steam disinfection temperature is higher than 80° C., and the time is 8-12 hours.

7. The industrialized production process of Oyster Mushroom according to claim 6, characterized in that: The steam sterilization is for sterilization of mushroom rooms waiting for materials and sterilization of empty mushroom rooms. The sterilization temperature of the empty mushroom room is higher than 80° C. and the sterilization time is 4 hours.

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