A method for cold-resistant acclimatization of prunes in Northeast China

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a cold-resistant acclimation method for prunes in the northeast region, which is carried out in a cold shed, a nursery and an orchard through low-temperature acclimation of scions, selection of grafted rootstocks and management after grafting, and a new cold-resistant prune variety is screened out in eight years. The cold-resistant acclimation method for prunes in the northeast region is simple and feasible, can improve the cold resistance of prunes, has excellent quality and improves economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a method for cold-resistant domestication of prunes in the northeast region. Background Art

[0002] Prunes belong to the European plum species of the genus Prunus in the Rosaceae family. Although the word "plum" is in its name, prunes are actually a type of plum. Prunes are drought-resistant and late frost-resistant, have a wide range of adaptability, have a unique fruit shape, and a strong fragrance. They are suitable for fresh eating or dried. They have great value for promotion and cultivation. Because of their sweet taste and high nutritional value, they are called the third generation of functional fruits. The prune varieties currently cultivated in my country are mainly introduced from Europe and the United States. They are relatively cold-resistant and are mainly planted in Northwest China and North China.

[0003] However, it is impossible to overwinter in the open field in the Northeast region and its quality is poor, which limits its economic benefits. Therefore, in view of the above situation, it is urgent to develop a cold-resistant domestication method for plums in the Northeast region to overcome the shortcomings in current practical applications. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for cold-resistant acclimation of prunes in the Northeast region to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for cold-resistant acclimation of prunes in Northeast China comprises the following steps:

[0007] (1) Cultivation of rootstock: The rootstock is Prunus tomentosa. When the fruit of Prunus tomentosa turns deep red in late July of the first year, the fruit is picked and the pulp is removed immediately and stored directly in sand. In April of the second year, the fruit is sown with thick soil covering.

[0008] (2) Low temperature acclimatization of scion: The scion is collected from one-year-old lignified dormant branches with full buds;

[0009] In December of the first year, take dormant prune branches that can be used as scion and store them at -5℃;

[0010] In April of the second year, the scion was grafted onto a one-year-old rootstock. In late December, the dormant branches of the grafted seedlings were stored at -10°C.

[0011] In the third year, take the full buds on the dormant branches and graft them onto the one-year-old rootstock. In late December, take the dormant branches of the grafted seedlings and store them at -15℃.

[0012] The dormant branch cold storage temperature is reduced by 5°C each year until the dormant branches of the grafted seedlings are taken out and refrigerated at -30°C in late December of the sixth year, and grafted onto one-year-old rootstocks in April of the seventh year;

[0013] (3) Harvesting and winter storage: Before winter, the grafted seedlings obtained in the grafting process in April of the seventh year are harvested and winter stored;

[0014] (4) Planting: The grafted seedlings stored in winter are planted in the open field in April of the following year and shaped and pruned;

[0015] (5) Reproduction: In late December, take the plump dormant branches of grafted plums that can overwinter in the open field and store them in snow; carry out grafting reproduction in April of the following year.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention: in step (1), the sand storage conditions of the rootstock seeds are -5 to 5°C and 30% humidity;

[0017] Cover the seeds with 10 cm of soil. Remove the excess soil on the top 10 to 12 days after sowing. All seedlings will emerge after 3 days.

[0018] As a further solution of the present invention: in step (2), the prune scion variety used is Shengnu.

[0019] As a further solution of the present invention: in step (2), dormant prune branches with excellent comprehensive traits are selected and refrigerated in late December of the sixth year;

[0020] In April of the seventh year, the one-year-old rootstock was grafted with refrigerated dormant buds using xylem budding. In April, the rootstock reached a diameter of 0.3 to 0.6 cm and the xylem budding was performed at a position 2 cm below the ground.

[0021] Ten days after grafting, leave two buds on the upper part of the interface and remove the top of the rootstock. 15 days after removing the top, remove the buds from the rootstock. Do this once every half a month for two times.

[0022] As a further solution of the present invention: in steps (3) and (4), the grafted seedlings obtained by grafting the cold-resistant scion obtained in the seventh year are topped in mid-August, and in late November in autumn, the seedlings are moved into a -10 to 3°C cold shed for winter storage; and the seedlings are transplanted to an open-field orchard for wintering in the next year.

[0023] As a further solution of the present invention: in step (5), the snow storage conditions are: stored in a warehouse at a temperature of -10 to 5°C, first spread a layer of snow 20 cm thick, then put a bundle of dormant branches with a diameter of less than 10 cm as scion on the snow, cover the scion with a layer of quilt, and repeat the above steps.

[0024] As a further solution of the present invention: in step (4), the grafted prunes are planted in April after winter storage, with a spacing of 2 to 3 m between plants.

[0025] As a further solution of the present invention: the stems of the transplanted prunes are fixed to 30 to 50 cm, and after 20 days, 3 full buds are evenly retained and the rest are removed.

[0026] As a further solution of the present invention: prune the top buds in winter and leave the inner buds, leaving 40 cm branches, prune the inner buds left in the previous year in the winter of the next year, leave the outer branches to grow, prune the strong branches and leave the weak branches in the winter of the third year, form 12 branches in three years, and bear fruit.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] The cold-resistant acclimation method of the prune in the northeast region of the present invention can make the prune have strong cold resistance, drought resistance, early fruiting, early high yield, excellent quality and high survival rate through low-temperature acclimation of the prune scion, seedling winter storage and planting, etc., can adapt to the climate of the northeast region, expand the planting area and improve the economic benefit. Implementation

[0029] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0031] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for cold-resistant acclimation of prunes in Northeast China, comprising the following steps:

[0032] (1) Selection and cultivation of rootstock: The rootstock is Cherry Blossom. When the fruit of Cherry Blossom turns deep red in late July, the pulp is removed immediately after picking and the fruit is directly stored in sand. In April of the following year, the fruit is sown with thick soil.

[0033] (2) Low temperature acclimation of scion: In December of the first year, take dormant prune branches that can be used as scion and store them at -5℃;

[0034] In April of the second year, take the full buds on the dormant branches and graft them onto the rootstock of one-year-old seedlings. In late December, take the dormant branches of the grafted seedlings and store them in a cold storage at -10℃.

[0035] In April of the third year, take the full buds on the dormant branches and graft them onto the one-year-old rootstock. In late December, take the dormant branches of the grafted seedlings and store them at -15℃.

[0036] The storage temperature of dormant branches is reduced by 5℃ every year until the end of December of the sixth year, when the dormant branches of grafted seedlings are taken out and refrigerated at -30℃, and grafted onto one-year-old rootstocks in April of the seventh year.

[0037] (3) Cold storage method for scion: In December, select dormant plum branches with excellent comprehensive traits and store them in a freezer.

[0038] (4) Grafting method: In April, dormant buds are refrigerated and grafted onto one-year-old rootstocks using the xylem bud grafting method.

[0039] (5) Digging up seedlings for winter storage: Before winter, the grafted seedlings obtained that year should be dug up for winter storage.

[0040] (6) Planting: In April of the following year, the grafted seedlings stored for the winter are planted in the open field and shaped and pruned.

[0041] (7) Reproduction: The full dormant branches of the grafted plums that can survive the winter in the open field should be stored in the snow and then grafted for reproduction in April of the following year.

[0042] The sand storage conditions for rootstock seeds are -5 to 5°C and 30% humidity. Cover the seeds with 10 cm of soil. After 10 to 12 days of sowing, remove the excess soil on the top. All seedlings will emerge after 3 days.

[0043] The low temperature acclimation of the scion was carried out in a freezer, starting from -5°C and decreasing by 5°C every year until it reached -30°C. The scion variety was Saint Girl.

[0044] The grafted seedlings obtained by grafting the cold-resistant scion in the seventh year can be stored in the cold greenhouse during the winter and transplanted to the open orchard in the second year to overwinter.

[0045] The obtained cold-resistant scions are stored in a warehouse at a temperature of -10 to 5°C. First, a 20 cm thick layer of snow is spread, and then a bundle of dormant branches with a diameter of less than 10 cm as scions is placed on the snow. A quilt is covered on the scions, and the above steps are repeated.

[0046] In April, wood bud grafting is carried out when the diameter of the rootstock reaches 0.3-0.6 cm and is 2 cm below the ground.

[0047] About 10 days after grafting, leave two buds on the upper part of the interface and remove the top of the rootstock. About 15 days after removing the top, remove the rootstock buds, once every half a month, and do it twice.

[0048] The grafted seedlings are topped in mid-August and moved into a cold greenhouse at -10 to 3 degrees Celsius for winter storage in late November.

[0049] In April, the grafted plums are planted after winter storage, with a spacing of 2 to 3 meters between plants.

[0050] After transplanting, the prunes should be set to a trunk height of 30 to 50 cm. After 20 days, three full buds should be evenly retained and the rest should be removed.

[0051] Conventional summer management: winter pruning of top buds, leaving inner buds, leaving 40cm branches, winter pruning of next year to remove inner buds left this year, leaving outer branches to grow, winter pruning of the third year to remove strong branches and leave weak ones. In three years, 12 branches are formed and fruits are produced. The later winter pruning adheres to the principle of removing strong branches and leaving weak ones, removing inner branches and leaving outer branches, and removing upper branches and leaving others. Example

[0052] A method for cold-resistant acclimation of prunes in Northeast China comprises the following steps:

[0053] (1) Preparation of rootstock seedlings:

[0054] Seed harvesting and sand storage: Harvest the cherry fruits when they are deep red in late July. Remove the pulp as soon as you harvest and store them directly in the sand. The sand storage conditions are -5℃ and 30% humidity.

[0055] Seed sowing: Sow in late April of the second year in a place with loose, fertile and well-drained soil. The sowing thickness is 10cm. No watering is required before germination. After 10 days of sowing, use a farm tool rake to remove the excess soil layer on the top. All seedlings will emerge in 3 days.

[0056] Management of rootstock seedlings: weed promptly after emergence, apply N, P, and K fertilizers according to the growth of hairy cherry, and spray imidacloprid during the insect outbreak period.

[0057] (2) Collection and processing of scion:

[0058] Collection of scion: One month before, select mother plants of pure variety, free of pests and diseases, and strong growth, cut off dormant branches with full growth, complete lignification, and full buds, and tie them into bundles with a diameter of less than 10 cm.

[0059] Low temperature acclimation and snow storage of scions: The collected prune branches are stored for winter one month before, so that they enter a completely dormant state and improve the grafting survival rate. The acclimation and winter storage of scions are carried out in a freezer; the conditions for the snow storage of cold-resistant grafted prune scions in the open field are: the temperature is -10℃, a layer of 20cm thick snow is spread, and then a bundle of scions with a diameter of less than 10cm is placed on the snow, and a layer of quilt is covered on the scions. Repeat the above steps to ensure that the snow does not melt.

[0060] (3) Grafting and later management of the year:

[0061] Grafting: In April, dormant scions stored in winter are used for wood budding of one-year-old seedlings with a diameter of 0.3 cm and 2 cm below the ground. About 10 days after grafting, healing flow can be generated at the grafted site. At this time, two buds are left on the upper part of the interface to provide nutrients to prevent the cut from drying out, and the top of the rootstock is removed.

[0062] Management after grafting: remove the top about 15 days, remove the rootstock buds, once every 15 days, twice. The grafted seedlings are removed in mid-August, and the seedlings are moved into the cold shed in late November and stored at -10℃ for winter.

[0063] (4) Planting and management: In April, the grafted prune seedlings were planted after winter storage, with a spacing of 2 meters. The prune trunk was set at 40 cm after planting. After 20 days, 3 full buds were evenly retained and the rest were removed. For routine summer management, the top buds were pruned in winter to keep the inner buds and 40 cm branches. In the next winter, the inner buds left this year were removed, and the outer branches were left for growth. In the third winter, the strong branches were removed and the weak branches were left. In three years, 12 branches were formed and fruits were produced. In the later winter pruning, the principles of removing the strong and leaving the weak, removing the inner and leaving the outer, and removing the upper and leaving the remaining branches were adhered to. Example

[0064] A method for cold-resistant acclimation of prunes in Northeast China comprises the following steps:

[0065] (1) Preparation of rootstock seedlings:

[0066] Seed harvesting and sand storage: Harvest the cherry fruits when they are deep red in late July. Remove the pulp as soon as you harvest, wash them clean, and store them directly in the sand. The sand storage conditions are 5℃ and 30% humidity.

[0067] Seed sowing: sow in October in a place with loose, fertile and well-drained soil. Cover with 2.5-3cm of soil and irrigate with enough water after sowing.

[0068] Management of stock seedlings: weed promptly after emergence, and apply N, P, and K fertilizers according to the growth of cherry. Cherry seedlings are susceptible to aphids, so spray imidacloprid during the outbreak period.

[0069] (2) Collection and processing of scion:

[0070] Collection of scion: One month before, select mother plants of pure variety, free of pests and diseases, and strong growth, cut off dormant branches with full growth, complete lignification, and full buds, and tie them into bundles with a diameter of less than 10 cm.

[0071] Low temperature acclimation and snow storage of scion: The collected prune branches are stored for winter one month before, so that they enter a completely dormant state and improve the grafting survival rate. The acclimation and winter storage of scion is carried out in a freezer; the conditions for the snow storage of cold-resistant grafted prune scion in the open field are: the temperature is -5℃, a layer of 20cm thick snow is spread, and then a bundle of scion with a diameter of less than 10cm is placed on the snow, and a layer of quilt is covered on the scion. Repeat the above steps to ensure that the snow does not melt.

[0072] (3) Grafting and later management of the year:

[0073] Grafting: In April, dormant scions stored in winter are used to perform xylem budding on rootstocks that are one year old, 0.6 cm in diameter, and 2 cm below the ground. About 10 days after grafting, when healing flow can be produced at the grafted part, two buds are left on the upper part of the interface to provide nutrients and prevent the cut from drying out, and the top of the rootstock is removed.

[0074] Management after grafting: Remove the tops about 15 days later and remove the buds from the rootstock, once every half a month, twice. The grafted seedlings are removed in mid-August and removed in late November in autumn, and stored in a cold shed at 3°C ​​for winter.

[0075] (4) Planting and management: In April, the grafted prune seedlings are planted after winter storage, with a spacing of 3 meters. After planting, the prune trunk is set at 50 cm. After 20 days, 3 full buds are evenly retained and the rest are removed. For routine summer management, the top buds are pruned in winter to keep the inner buds and 40 cm branches. In the next winter, the inner buds left this year are removed, and the outer branches are left for growth. In the third winter, the strong ones are removed and the weak ones are left. In three years, 12 branches are formed and fruits are produced. In the later winter pruning, the principles of removing the strong and leaving the weak, removing the inner and leaving the outer, and removing the upper and leaving the remaining ones are adhered to.

[0076] It should be noted that in the present invention, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that those skilled in the art can understand.

Claims

1. A method for cold-resistant acclimation of prunes in the Northeast region, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Cultivation of rootstock: The rootstock is Prunus tomentosa. When the fruit of Prunus tomentosa turns deep red in late July of the first year, the fruit is picked and the pulp is removed immediately and stored directly in sand. In April of the second year, the fruit is sown with thick soil covering. (2) Low temperature acclimatization of scion: The scion is collected from one-year-old lignified dormant branches with full buds; In December of the first year, take dormant prune branches that can be used as scion and store them at -5℃; In April of the second year, take the full buds on the dormant branches and graft them onto the rootstock of one-year-old seedlings. In late December, take the dormant branches of the grafted seedlings and store them in a cold storage at -10℃. In April of the third year, the full buds on the dormant branches of the grafted seedlings grafted in late December of the second year were grafted onto a one-year-old rootstock, and in late December of the third year, the dormant branches of the grafted seedlings grafted in April of the third year were taken and refrigerated at -15°C; The dormant branch cold storage temperature is reduced by 5°C each year until the dormant branches of the grafted seedlings are taken out at the end of December of the sixth year and stored at -30°C, and grafted onto one-year-old rootstocks in April of the seventh year; (3) Harvesting and winter storage: Before winter, the grafted seedlings obtained in the grafting process in April of the seventh year are harvested and winter stored; (4) Planting: The grafted seedlings stored in winter are planted in the open field in April of the following year and shaped and pruned; (5) Propagation: In late December, take the plump dormant branches of grafted prunes that can survive the winter in the open field and store them in snow, and then carry out grafting propagation in April of the following year; In step (1), the sand storage conditions for the rootstock seeds are -5 to 5°C and 30% humidity; Cover the seeds with 10 cm of soil. Remove the excess soil layer on the top 10 to 12 days after sowing. All seedlings will emerge after 3 days. In step (2), the scions are stored in a freezer during the cold-resistance acclimation process of the prunes, and the temperature of the freezer is adjusted every year; dormant prune branches with excellent comprehensive traits are selected and stored at -30°C in late December of the sixth year; In April of the seventh year, the one-year-old rootstock was grafted with refrigerated dormant buds using xylem budding. In April, the rootstock reached a diameter of 0.3 to 0.6 cm and the xylem budding was performed at a position 2 cm below the ground. In step (5), the snow storage conditions are: store in a warehouse at a temperature of -10 to 5°C, first spread a layer of snow 20 cm thick, then put a bundle of dormant branches used as scion on the snow, each bundle has a diameter of less than 10 cm, cover the scion with a layer of quilt, and repeat the above steps.

2. The method for cold-resistant acclimation of prunes in Northeast China according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the plum scion variety used is Saint Girl.

3. The method for cold-resistant acclimation of prunes in Northeast China according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), 10 days after grafting, leave two buds on the upper part of the interface and remove the top of the rootstock. 15 days after removing the top, remove the buds from the rootstock. This process is repeated once every half a month for two times.

4. The method for cold-resistant acclimation of prunes in Northeast China according to claim 1, characterized in that: In steps (3) and (4), the grafted seedlings obtained by grafting the cold-resistant scion obtained in the seventh year are topped in mid-August and transplanted into a -10 to 3°C cold shed for winter storage in late November. The seedlings are then transplanted to an open-field orchard for wintering the following year.

5. The method for cold-resistance acclimation of prunes in Northeast China according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the grafted plums are planted in April after winter storage, with a spacing of 2 to 3 m between plants.

6. The method for cold-resistance acclimation of prunes in Northeast China according to claim 5, characterized in that: After transplanting, the prunes should be set to a trunk height of 30 to 50 cm. After 20 days, three full buds should be evenly retained and the rest should be removed.

7. The method for cold-resistant acclimation of prunes in Northeast China according to claim 6, characterized in that: In winter, prune the top buds and leave the inner buds, leaving 40cm branches. In the next winter, prune away the inner buds left from the previous year, leaving the outer branches to grow. In the third winter, prune away the strong branches and leave the weak ones. In three years, 12 branches will be formed and bear fruit.