An operating mechanism for a direct-acting three-position switch

Abstract

This invention discloses an operating mechanism for a direct-acting three-position switch, which solves the problem of incompatibility between traditional operating mechanisms and the chain push-pull transmission structure of three-position switches. It can directly match the chain push-pull transmission structure of three-position switches, reducing the complexity of the operating mechanism. This operating mechanism adopts a dual-operating shaft structure and uses a multi-position cooperation of a stop lever and coupling to achieve interlocking of the three-position status. By placing the indicator on a limit block with high structural strength and shared with the position limit switch, the size of the mechanism is reduced, and the risk of indication distortion due to excessive force is reduced. The strength of the operating mechanism is enhanced by a gripper pin structure, which can cope with high-intensity excessive force operation. The added flip plate assembly realizes the switching between manual and electric operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power switchgear technology, specifically to an operating mechanism for a direct-acting three-position switch. Background Technology

[0002] A three-position switch includes a disconnector and a grounding switch. The disconnector is the most widely used switching device in a power system, with a demand approximately three times that of a circuit breaker. When the disconnector is closed, it can carry both normal operating current and safe short-circuit fault current. When the disconnector is open, it has a clear isolation gap, isolating downstream power lines, transformers, reactors, and other electrical equipment or energized busbars. The grounding switch is a commonly used switching device in a power system. When the grounding switch is closed, it ensures reliable grounding of the feeder circuit, guaranteeing reliable line grounding and improving the safety of maintenance work. When the grounding switch is open, it has a grounding gap, meeting the electrical insulation requirements of a break-in switchgear. The common structure of direct-acting three-position switches on the market is that the disconnector and grounding switch share the same moving contact and opening contact. The moving contact is a round bar shape. The stationary contacts are divided into grounding contact, opening contact, and disconnecting contact, arranged coaxially in sequence, all of which are cylindrical structures. The switching state is switched by moving the moving contact among three stationary contacts through an operating mechanism.

[0003] Currently, in the medium-voltage field, direct-acting three-position switches mostly use a lead screw drive structure for the reciprocating motion of the moving contact, while high-voltage fields often use a rack and pinion drive. Both structures require the output shaft to rotate dozens of times to achieve the long stroke of the moving contact. Three-position switch mechanisms are mainly divided into power transmission structures, indicating structures, and interlocking structures. Power transmission structures mostly use gear structures, lead screw structures, worm gear structures, etc., which have high structural strength and are not easily damaged. Indicating and interlocking structures have separate transmission chains; their structures differ, and their strength is not designed to be very high, only needing to meet standard requirements. For example, patent document CN114743823A discloses a gear-driven three-position operating mechanism, which includes two clamping plates forming a space between them for accommodating the gear transmission mechanism. One end of each clamping plate is equipped with a manual operation interlocking mechanism, which includes a grounding operating shaft and an isolation operating shaft, both passing through one clamping plate and positioned within the space. The gear transmission mechanism includes a first gear and a second gear, respectively linked to the grounding operating shaft and the isolation operating shaft, meshing with each other. The other end of each clamping plate is equipped with an indicating interlocking mechanism, which includes a gear set linked to the indicating interlocking mechanism. The gear set is linked to the first gear via a first intermediate gear. This gear transmission mechanism achieves high-precision switching of the three-phase isolation contacts, including synchronization and indicating interlocking functions, ensuring accurate switching of the micro switch.

[0004] There is a rigid chain push-pull three-position switch transmission structure. The output shaft of the mechanism only needs to rotate within a single turn to complete the three-position switching of the contacts. However, in order to adapt to the fact that the screw or gear rack needs to rotate multiple turns to achieve the long stroke movement of the moving contact, the operating mechanism often needs to be equipped with a reducer structure. The position display must be designed with a separate structural chain, that is, the manual operation interlock and the indicator interlock, as in the scheme disclosed in the above-mentioned patent literature, are operated on two sides. The strength of the indicator chain structure is not very high, and the problem of display distortion caused by damage to the indicator chain parts due to operational errors often occurs. This results in a complex and bulky operating mechanism. Furthermore, the numerous parts in the independent indicator chain lead to significant accumulated errors in component fit, often resulting in low positional accuracy. Therefore, traditional operating mechanisms are unsuitable and cannot switch between manual and electric operation. Additionally, while traditional mechanisms utilize irregularly shaped slots in the handle insertion holes on the mechanism panel to block protrusions when the handle is not fully engaged, the panel's primary function is to obstruct and indicate, and it is not constructed with thick sheet metal, making it relatively thin. Excessive force can deform the handle. With increasing product exports, the existing operating mechanism design is neither robust nor reliable, unable to withstand damage to the indicator or interlocking structures caused by excessive force from foreign customers. Such problems are becoming increasingly common in overseas sites, and the high maintenance costs abroad are causing a surge in maintenance expenses for companies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an operating mechanism for a direct-acting three-position switch, which solves the problems of existing operating mechanisms requiring a speed reducer structure, separate manual operation interlocking and indicator interlocking leading to a bulky mechanism, inability to switch between manual and electric operation, incompatibility with push-pull transmission structures, and unreliable indicator or interlocking structures in the event of excessive force operation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] An operating mechanism for a direct-acting three-position switch is connected to a push-pull transmission mechanism, which drives the switch. The direct-acting three-position switch includes a contact position, an isolating position, and an open position arranged sequentially. The operating mechanism includes an operating handle, a front plate, a middle plate, a rear plate, a motor, and an output shaft. It also includes dual operating shafts, a flap assembly, a drive gear, a coupling, a position limit switch, a limit block, a main shaft compression spring, a push rod, and an electric limit switch. The motor is mounted behind the front plate, and its gear meshes with the drive gear. The drive gear is connected to the output shaft via a coupling. The push rod passes through the front plate and the inner ring of the drive gear shaft, and is fixed to the coupling. The main shaft compression spring is sleeved on the outside of the output shaft and presses against the coupling and the rear plate. The operating shaft is fixedly connected to the rear plate and passes through bearings on the middle and front plates. The operating handle is detachably mounted on the front of the operating shaft. The operating shaft meshes with the drive gear via a pinion on it. A stop lever is mounted on the operating shaft, and the stop lever is connected to the coupling. The clearance grooves on the upper part cooperate to lock the switch position. The operating handle is inserted into the operating shaft to manually operate the output shaft. A limit block is installed on the drive gear shaft. The limit block rotates synchronously with the drive gear. The position limit switch is installed on the middle plate. When the limit block rotates synchronously with the drive gear, the position limit switch state is switched. The electric limit switch is installed on the rear side of the front plate and its contacts extend out of the front plate. The bottom of the flip plate assembly is hinged to the front plate. It closes and opens with the front plate and switches between manual and electric working states of the mechanism through the push rod and the electric limit switch. The operating shaft includes a grounding operating shaft and an isolation operating shaft. A grounding stop rod and an isolation stop rod are respectively installed on the grounding operating shaft and the isolation operating shaft. The coupling includes six positions arranged from back to front: isolation manual position, isolation position, isolation electric position, grounding manual position, grounding position, and grounding electric position. Each of the isolation manual position, isolation position position, grounding manual position, and grounding position position is provided with a boss that can form a notch to accommodate the clearance groove of the stop rod. It can withstand excessive force operation and is not easily deformed.

[0008] Preferably, the coupling is made of steel, and the thickness of each gear of the coupling is greater than or equal to 8mm.

[0009] Preferably, the operating handle has an operating handle head at its rear end, which is a sleeve structure with a handle pin inserted radially through its center. The operating shaft also includes a fixed bushing, a compression spring, a rotating bushing, a bearing, a push shaft, a mandrel, a gripper, and a C-shaped spring. The fixed bushing is welded to the rear plate and fixed without rotation. The compression spring and the push shaft are installed sequentially from back to front inside the fixed bushing. The push shaft is sleeved with the mandrel, and the two push and pull synchronously, rotating freely on their own. The side wall of the fixed bushing has a limit opening, and the stop lever is vertically installed on the push shaft from the limit opening. The front end of the mandrel is hinged with a gripper. The C-shaped spring is vertically clamped between the grippers. The rotating bushing is fitted over the mandrel and the push shaft, and the outer ring of the rotating bushing is inserted into a bearing fixed to the middle plate. The rotating bushing has a small gear, which meshes with the drive gear. The upper and lower inner walls of the front end of the rotating bushing, corresponding to the gripper position, have sliding grooves, and the left and right walls have notches to accommodate the handle pin.

[0010] Preferably, the push shaft and the stop lever are made of steel, and the stop lever is cylindrical with a radial cross-section at its narrowest point being greater than or equal to 8mm. This allows it to withstand excessive force and is not easily deformed.

[0011] Preferably, the position limit switches are distributed circumferentially around the center of the limit block, and the position limit switch contacts are in close contact with the outer ring of the limit block and are in a compressed state. The position limit switches include an open position limit switch, an isolated closed position limit switch, and an engaged position limit switch. The outer ring of the limit block has a groove parallel to the axial direction at the position of the position limit switch contact. When the groove is rotated to align with the position of the corresponding position limit switch contact, the corresponding position limit switch contact is released.

[0012] Preferably, the front of the limit block is provided with three switch position indicator marks, including the open position indicator, the closed position indicator, and the connected position indicator. The position indicator marks are distributed in a circle with the center of the limit block as the center. The front plate is provided with switch position indicator holes at corresponding positions, and the switch position indicator is printed next to the holes. The position indicator marks are visible through the switch position indicator holes on the front plate, and the position indicator in the switch position indicator hole switches synchronously when the limit block is rotated to different switch states.

[0013] Preferably, the limiting block is made of nylon.

[0014] Preferably, the flap assembly includes a pressure block, a torsion spring, a buckle plate, and a flap. The flap assembly is hinged to the front plate at the bottom of the flap. The pressure block is installed in the middle of the inner side of the flap, corresponding to the position of the top rod and the electric limit switch contact. The buckle plate is hinged to the flap at the upper part of the flap via the torsion spring. A square hole is opened on the front plate at the position corresponding to the buckle plate. The buckle plate can be fastened in the square hole and can be manually released.

[0015] Preferably, it further includes a synchronizing main gear, a secondary pinion, a secondary synchronizing large gear, and an output pinion. The synchronizing main gear is driven by the original output shaft. The secondary pinion meshes with the synchronizing main gear and drives the secondary synchronizing large gear. The secondary synchronizing large gear meshes with the output pinion and drives a new output shaft located at the center of the output pinion shaft.

[0016] Compared to existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: Through the combination of the stop lever coupling and the gripper pin structure, the operating mechanism of this solution has high structural strength and can withstand high-intensity overload operations. Since the entire transmission drive gear rotates the output shaft within a single turn, the position indicator can be directly placed on a high-strength limit block shared with the position limit switch, eliminating the need for a separate indicator transmission link. The status indicator directly corresponds to the actual position of the primary switch moving contact, and the connection does not involve ratio switching through a reduction mechanism. This meets the market demand for intuitive and reliable feedback, while also reducing the risk of distortion during overload operations and ensuring the reliability of the display. The multi-position interlocking structure formed by the stop lever and coupling ensures the logical correctness of the three-position switch operation status. One structure achieves multiple interlocking functions required by the mechanism, and it boasts high structural strength. Meanwhile, the operating mechanism of the three-position switch in this solution can be directly matched with the chain push-pull transmission structure of the three-position switch, reducing the complexity of the operating mechanism. Due to its simple structure and zero reduction, the size of the mechanism can be reduced, effectively shrinking the volume of the operating mechanism to 60% of that of a multi-turn transmission operating mechanism. This saves valuable space in the switch cabinet control room for the installation of increasingly diverse intelligent energy secondary components. In summary, this mechanism, while ensuring strength and significantly reducing volume, meets the requirements of three-position interlocking, operating shaft function interlocking, operation position interlocking, manual / electric operation switching interlocking, and adaptability to "five-proof" interlocking and "eighteen countermeasures". Of course, the gear set allows for the matching of screw drive and rack and pinion drive structures when other structures are required. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 A top view of an embodiment of a direct-acting three-position switch adapted to a chain push-pull transmission structure for this mechanism;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a general schematic diagram of the push-pull transmission structure connected to the front of this mechanism;

[0019] Figure 3 a is a three-dimensional internal structure diagram of the operating shaft of this mechanism;

[0020] Figure 3 b represents the radial AA-direction sectional view and the axial sectional view of the operating axis of this mechanism;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the gear positions of the operating shaft of this mechanism;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the gear positions of the coupling in this mechanism;

[0023] Figure 6 This diagram shows the relationship between the stop lever and the coupling slot when the handle is pulled out in the open position of this mechanism.

[0024] Figure 7 This diagram shows the relationship between the isolation stop and the coupling slot of this mechanism (the arrows indicate the rotatable direction).

[0025] Figure 7 a is a schematic diagram of the unlocking state when the operating handle is inserted into the isolation operating shaft stop lever in the open position;

[0026] Figure 7 b is a schematic diagram showing the unlocked state when the operating handle is inserted into the isolation operating shaft stop lever in the isolation closing position;

[0027] Figure 7 c is a schematic diagram of the locked state when the operating handle is pulled out of the isolation operating shaft stop lever in the isolation closing position;

[0028] Figure 8 This diagram shows the relationship between the grounding stop and the coupling slot of this mechanism (the arrows indicate the rotatable direction).

[0029] Figure 8 a is a schematic diagram of the unlocked state when the operating handle is inserted into the grounding operating shaft stop lever in the open position;

[0030] Figure 8 b is a schematic diagram of the operating handle being inserted into the grounding operating shaft stop lever and unlocked when in the grounding position;

[0031] Figure 8 c is a schematic diagram of the locked state when the operating handle is pulled out of the base operating shaft stop lever during the contact position.

[0032] Figure 9 This is a diagram showing the status of the mechanism when the flap is opened.

[0033] Figure 9 a is the front view of the mechanism when the flap is open;

[0034] Figure 9 b is a sectional view of the mechanism along direction AA when the flap is open;

[0035] Figure 9 c is a top-down view of the mechanism's stop bar being restricted by the coupling slot when the flap is opened;

[0036] Figure 10 This is a diagram showing the state of the mechanism when the flap is closed.

[0037] Figure 10 a is a front view of the mechanism when the flap is closed;

[0038] Figure 10 b is a sectional view of the mechanism along direction AA when the flap is closed;

[0039] Figure 10 c is a top-down view of the mechanism's stop bar disengaging from the coupling slot when the flap is closed.

[0040] Figure 10 d is a sectional view of the mechanism along line BB when the flap is closed;

[0041] Figure 11 This is a structural diagram showing the flap closure and retention mechanism of this organization;

[0042] Figure 12 A top view schematic diagram of another embodiment of a direct-acting three-position switch adapted to the present mechanism using screw drive or rack and pinion drive;

[0043] Among them, 1-direct-acting three-position switch, 2-transmission mechanism, 3-operating mechanism, 301-operating handle, 3011-operating handle head, 302-flip plate assembly, 3021-pressure block, 3022-torsion spring, 3023-clasp plate, 3024-flip plate, 303a-grounding operating shaft, 303b-isolation operating shaft, 3031-fixed bushing, 3032-compression spring, 3033-rotating bushing, 30331- Slide groove, 3034-Pinal gear, 3035-Bearing, 3036-Push shaft, 30361-Stop lever, 30361a-Grounding stop lever, 30361b-Isolation stop lever, 3037-Core rod, 3038-Gripper, 3039-C-shaped spring, 30310-Limit port, 304-Front plate, 3041-Switch position indicator silkscreen, 3042-Square hole, 305-Middle plate, 306-Rear plate, 307 - Motor, 308- Drive gear, 309- Coupling, 309a1- Grounding manual gear, 309a2- Grounding position gear, 309a3- Grounding electric gear, 309b1- Isolation manual gear, 309b2- Isolation position gear, 309b3- Isolation electric gear, 3091- Boss, 310- Output shaft, 311- Position limit switch, 3111- Open position limit switch, 3112- Isolation closed position limit switch, 3113- Grounding position limit switch, 312- Limit block, 3121- Open position indicator, 3122- Isolation closed position indicator, 3123- Grounding position indicator, 313- Handle pin, 314- Main shaft compression spring, 315- Push rod, 316- Electric limit switch, 3171- Synchronous main gear, 3172- Secondary pinion, 3173- Secondary synchronous large gear, 3174- Output pinion. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0045] This embodiment provides a technical solution: The operating mechanism of a direct-acting three-position switch of the present invention is connected to a push-pull transmission mechanism 2, which drives the direct-acting three-position switch 1. The direct-acting three-position switch 1 includes a contact position, an isolating position, and an open position arranged sequentially. The operating mechanism includes an operating handle 301, a front plate 304, a middle plate 305, a rear plate 306, a motor 307, an output shaft 310, dual operating shafts, a flip-plate assembly 302, a drive gear 308, a coupling 309, a position limit switch 311, a limit block 312, and a main shaft pressure... The system includes a spring 314, a push rod 315, and an electric limit switch 316. The motor 307 is mounted behind the front plate 304. The gears of the motor 307 mesh with the drive gear 308. In this embodiment, the motor 307 is an excitation motor. The motor shaft meshes with the drive gear 308 via its own gear set. A coupling 309 is sleeved between the drive gear 308 and the output shaft 310. The push rod 315 passes through the front plate 304 and the inner ring of the drive gear 308 shaft from the front and is fixedly connected to the coupling 309. The main shaft compression spring 314 is sleeved on the outside of the output shaft 310 and presses against it. Between the coupling 309 and the rear plate 306, the operating shaft is fixedly connected to the rear plate 306 and passes through bearings on the middle plate 305 and the front plate 304. The operating handle 301 is detachably mounted on the front of the operating shaft. The operating shaft meshes with the drive gear 308 via a pinion 3034. A stop lever 30361 is mounted on the operating shaft. The stop lever 30361 cooperates with the clearance groove on the coupling 309 to lock the switch position. The operating handle 301 is inserted into the operating shaft to manually operate the output shaft 310. The drive gear 308 is mounted on the shaft. A limit block 312 is installed, which rotates synchronously with the drive gear 308. A position limit switch 311 is installed on the middle plate 305. When the limit block 312 rotates synchronously with the drive gear 308, the position limit switch 311 switches its state and brakes the motor. An electric limit switch 316 is installed on the rear side of the front plate 304, with its contacts extending out of the front plate 304. The bottom of the flip plate assembly 302 is hinged to the front plate 304. The mechanism's manual and electric operation states are switched by the push rod 315 and the electric limit switch 316 when the front plate 304 is closed or opened. This mechanism adopts a dual-operating shaft structure, with the operating shafts including a grounding operating shaft 303a and an isolation operating shaft 303b. A grounding stop rod 30361a and an isolation stop rod 30361b are respectively installed on the grounding operating shaft 303a and the isolation operating shaft 303b.

[0046] The positional relationship between the isolation stop 30361b, the grounding stop 30361a, and the coupling 309 is as follows: Figure 5 In the initial state, both levers 30361 are in the middle position, which is the switch position locked position. That is, the isolating lever 30361b is in the isolating position 309b2, and the grounding lever 30361a is in the grounding position 309a2. Pushing the isolating lever 30361b in switches to the isolating manual position 309b1, allowing manual operation of the isolating switch. Pushing the grounding lever 30361a in switches to the grounding manual position 309a1, allowing manual operation of the grounding switch. Pushing the coupling 309 in switches both levers 30361 to the electric operation positions, namely the isolating electric position 309b3 and the grounding electric position 309a3, allowing the mechanism to be operated electrically.

[0047] When the mechanism is in the open position, the isolating stop 30361b locks the coupling 309 in the clockwise direction, and the grounding stop 30361a locks the coupling 309 in the counterclockwise direction, thus locking the switch in the grounding position.

[0048] When the switch is in the open position, either the isolating operating shaft 303b or the grounding operating shaft 303a can be operated. Insert the operating handle 301 into the isolating operating shaft 303b, push in the isolating stop lever 30361b to unlock, and rotate the operating handle 301 to switch the switch between the isolating and open positions. When in the isolating position, pull out the operating handle 301; the isolating stop lever 30361b retracts under the force of the compression spring 3032, engaging with the isolating position stop 309b2 slot of the coupling 309, locking the switch. At this time, inserting the operating handle 301 into the grounding operating shaft 303a will prevent the switch from operating.

[0049] Insert the operating handle 301 into the grounding operating shaft 303a, push in the grounding stop lever 30361a to unlock, and rotate the operating handle 301 to switch the switch between the grounding closed and open positions. When the operating handle 301 is in the grounding position, pull it out; the grounding stop lever 30361a retracts under the force of the compression spring 3032 and engages in the grounding position stop 309a2 slot of the coupling 309, locking the switch. At this time, inserting the operating handle 301 into the isolation operating shaft 303b prevents the switch from operating.

[0050] The design of the stop lever 30361 and the groove of the coupling 309 achieves a one-to-one correspondence between the position of the three-position switch 1 and the mechanical state, ensuring that the operating shaft can only operate the corresponding switch. Specifically, the isolating operating shaft 303b can only operate the direct-acting three-position switch 1 in the open and isolating / closed positions, and the grounding operating shaft 303a can only operate the three-position switch 1 in the open and grounded positions. This avoids the chaotic situation where the isolating operating shaft 303b operates the grounding switch and the grounding operating shaft 303a operates the isolating switch. It realizes the logical relationship between the three positions of the direct-acting three-position switch 1 and the dual-hole operating shaft, i.e., a state switching structure. Through the position switching of the stop levers 30361 on the isolating and grounding operating shafts, and the limiting fit between the stop lever 30361 and the groove shape of the coupling 309, the logical correctness of the operating state of the direct-acting three-position switch 1 is achieved. This realizes the one-to-one correspondence between the three-position switch position and the mechanical state, i.e., the interlocking of the three-position position state and the interlocking of the operating shaft function, i.e., the interlocking of the operating shaft function. In this set of parts, the push shaft 3036, the stop lever 30361, and the coupling 309 are all made of steel. The stop lever 30361 is cylindrical with a radial cross-section that is at least 8 mm thick. The stop lever 30361 can be cylindrical, cuboid, or have an octagonal radial cross-section, or other shapes. The coupling 309 has six positions arranged from back to front: isolation manual stop 309b1, isolation position stop 309b2, isolation electric stop 309b3, grounding manual stop 309a1, grounding position stop 309a2, and grounding electric stop 309a3. Each position has a thickness of at least 8 mm. The isolation manual stop 309b1, isolation position stop 309b2, grounding manual stop 309a1, and grounding position stop 309a2 are all provided with bosses 3091 that can form a notch to accommodate the stop lever 30361.

[0051] The operating handle 301 has an operating handle head 3011 at its rear end. The operating handle head 3011 is a sleeve structure with a handle pin 313 inserted radially through its center. The operating shaft includes a fixed bushing 3031, a compression spring 3032, a rotating bushing 3033, a pinion 3034, a bearing 3035, a push shaft 3036, a stop lever 30361, a core rod 3037, a gripper 3038, and a C-shaped spring 3039. The fixed bushing 3031 is welded to the rear plate 306 and fixed in place. The compression spring 3032 and the push shaft 3036 are installed sequentially from back to front inside the fixed bushing 3031. The push shaft 3036 is sleeved with the core rod 3037, and the two push and pull synchronously, rotating freely on their own. The fixed bushing 3031 has a limit opening 30310, and the stop lever 30361 extends vertically from the limit opening 30310. The rod 3037 is directly mounted on the push shaft 3036. The mounting method can be a stud and screw hole fit. The limiting port 30310 can limit the push and pull stroke of the stop lever 30361. The rear end of the core rod 3037 is hinged with two jaws 3038. The C-shaped spring 3039 is clamped between the jaws 3038 and kept in an open state. The rotating bushing 3033 is fitted on the core rod 3037 and the push shaft 3036. The outer ring of the rotating bushing 3033 passes through the bearing 3035 fixed on the middle plate 305. The rotating bushing 3033 is provided with a small gear 3034. The rotating bushing 3033 meshes with the drive gear 308 through the small gear 3034. The upper and lower inner walls of the front end of the rotating bushing 3033 are provided with sliding grooves 30331 corresponding to the position of the jaws 3038, and the left and right arms are opened to accommodate the handle pin 313.

[0052] When the operating handle 301 is not inserted, the stop lever 30361 stops under the push of the compression spring 3032. Figure 4 On the right side, it engages with coupling 309 to lock the mechanism in position. The operating handle head 3011 is a sleeve structure, with the handle pin 313 inserted radially through its center. When the operating handle 301 is fitted onto the operating shaft, the handle pin 313 engages with the notch in the gripper 3038 and the rotating sleeve 3033. At this time, rotating the operating handle 301 does not activate the mechanism because coupling 309 is held in place by the stop lever 30361. Pressing the operating handle 301 overcomes the spring force of the compression spring 3032, pushing the stop lever 30361 to... Figure 4 On the left side, disengaging the upper boss 3091 of the coupling 309 unlocks the mechanism. At this point, rotating the operating handle 301 drives the rotating bushing 3033, which in turn drives the drive gear 308 to rotate, thus rotating the mechanism.

[0053] During the insertion of the operating handle 301, before the stop lever 30361 disengages from the boss 3091 of the coupling 309, the gripper 3038, due to the shape change of the slide groove 30331, first clamps the handle pin 313. The stop lever 30361 remains blocked by the boss 3091 of the coupling 309 until the switch is fully operated, and the gripper 3038 continuously clamps the operating handle 301. At this point, the operating handle 301 cannot be pulled out, reminding the operator that the switch is not fully operated and needs to be continued. When the operation is fully operated and the operating handle 301 is pulled out, it will bring the stop lever 30361 into the notch on the surface of the boss 3091. Combined with the rebound force of the compression spring 3032, the stop lever 30361 returns to the locking mechanism position. This ensures that the operating handle 301 can only be pulled out and the operation released when the mechanism is fully operated, thus achieving the operation-complete interlock.

[0054] The operating mechanism of this device switches between electric and manual modes by opening and closing the flap assembly 302.

[0055] The flap assembly 302 includes a pressure block 3021, a torsion spring 3022, a buckle plate 3023, and a flap 3024. The flap assembly 302 is hinged to the front plate 304 at the bottom of the flap 3024. The pressure block 3021 is installed in the middle of the inner side of the flap 3024 at the position corresponding to the contact of the top rod 315 and the electric limit switch 316. The buckle plate 3023 is hinged to the flap 3024 at the upper part of the flap 3024 through the torsion spring 3022. A square hole 3042 is opened on the front plate 304 at the position corresponding to the buckle plate 3023.

[0056] When the flap assembly 302 is opened, the isolation operating shaft 303b and the grounding operating shaft 303a are exposed, the electric limit switch 316 contacts are released, and the electric operating circuit is disconnected. The coupling 309 remains in the locked position under the force of the spindle compression spring 314, and the stop lever 30361... Figure 9 Limited by the clutch. At this time, only manual operation is possible; electric operation is not possible.

[0057] When the flap assembly 302 is closed, the isolation operating shaft 303b and the grounding operating shaft 303a are covered, and the pressure block 3021 presses against the contacts of the electric limit switch 316, thus activating the electric operating circuit. The pressure block 3021 on the flap 3024 pushes the push rod 315 in, and the push rod 315 passes through the inner ring of the drive gear 308 shaft and is fixed to the coupling 309, causing the coupling 309 to move and switch the two levers 30361 to the electric operating position. Figure 10 At this time, it can only be operated electrically and cannot be operated manually.

[0058] When the flap assembly 302 closes, the main shaft compression spring 314 is compressed to its lowest point, resulting in a large elastic force. The flap assembly 302 requires a latching structure to maintain its closed position. The latching plate 3023 is hinged to the flap 3024 and is held in place by the elastic force of the torsion spring 3022. Figure 11As the flap 3024 closes with a clockwise rotation, the beveled edge of the latch plate 3023 cuts into the square hole 3042 of the front plate 304 and springs open counterclockwise. Once in position, it is spring-loaded and rotates clockwise to latch onto the back of the front plate, maintaining the closed state of the flap assembly. Manually pressing the vertical edge of the latch plate 3023 against the front plate 304 and then prying the latch plate 3023 counterclockwise releases the latch, allowing the flap assembly 302 to automatically spring open under the force of the main shaft compression spring 314.

[0059] During electric operation, the position of the mechanism is determined by three sets of position limit switches 311: the open position limit switch 3111, the isolating close position limit switch 3112, and the contact position limit switch 3113. The position limit switches 311 are mounted on the middle plate 305, circumferentially distributed at 149° intervals around the center of the limit block 312. The contacts of the position limit switches 311 are in close contact with the outer ring of the limit block 312, in a compressed state. The outer ring of the limit block 312 has a groove. The limit block 312 rotates synchronously with the shaft of the drive gear 308. When the groove aligns with the position limit switch 311, the switch contacts release, the mechanism is electrically positioned, and the brake motor is engaged.

[0060] The limit block 312 has three switch position indicator marks on its front, including a closed position indicator 3121, an isolated closed position indicator 3122, and an engaged position indicator 3123. The position indicator marks are distributed circumferentially with the center of the limit block 312 as the center and at intervals of 149°. The front plate 304 has a switch position indicator hole at the corresponding position, and a switch position indicator silkscreen 3041 is printed next to the hole. The position indicator marks are visible through the switch position indicator holes on the front plate 304, and the position indicator in the switch position indicator hole switches synchronously when the limit block 312 is rotated to different switch states.

[0061] like Figure 10 The mechanism is currently in the open position. If the isolating switch is operated electrically, the drive gear 308 shaft rotates 149° clockwise, the groove of the limit block 312 rotates to the isolating switch 3112, the contacts are released, and the motor is braked. The isolating position indicator 3122 on the limit block 312 is aligned with the switch position indicator hole on the front plate 304, indicating that the mechanism is in the isolating position.

[0062] To enable this mechanism to be applied to direct-acting three-position switches with screw and rack / pinion drives, thus achieving versatility, this invention also provides another technical solution. In this embodiment, a gear set including a synchronous main gear 3171, a secondary pinion 3172, a secondary synchronous large gear 3173, and an output pinion 3174 is added to the rear plate 306. The synchronous main gear 3171 is driven by the original output shaft 310. The secondary pinion 3172 meshes with the synchronous main gear 3171 and drives the secondary synchronous large gear 3173. The secondary synchronous large gear 3173 meshes with the output pinion 3174 and drives the new output shaft 310 located at the axis of the output pinion 3174. This increases the output rotation ratio, multiplying the number of rotations of the output shaft to the required number.

[0063] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An operating mechanism of a direct-acting three-position switch, which is connected with a push-pull transmission mechanism (2) and driven by the transmission mechanism (2) to drive a direct-acting three-position switch (1), the direct-acting three-position switch (1) comprising a ground position, an isolation closing position and an open position arranged in sequence, the operating mechanism comprising an operating handle (301), a front plate (304), a middle plate (305), a rear plate (306), a motor (307) and an output shaft (310), characterized in that: It also includes dual operating shafts, a flap assembly (302), a drive gear (308), a coupling (309), a position limit switch (311), a limit block (312), a main shaft compression spring (314), a push rod (315), and an electric limit switch (316). The motor (307) is mounted behind the front plate (304), and the gear of the motor (307) meshes with the drive gear (308). The drive gear (308) is connected to the output shaft (310) by a coupling (309). The push rod (315) passes through the front plate (304) and the inner ring of the drive gear (308) shaft from the front and is fixed to the coupling (309). The main shaft compression spring (314) is sleeved on the outside of the output shaft (310). The operating shaft is pressed between the coupling (309) and the rear plate (306). The operating shaft is fixedly connected to the rear plate (306) and passes through the bearings on the middle plate (305) and the front plate (304). The operating handle (301) is detachably installed in front of the operating shaft. The operating shaft meshes with the drive gear (308) through the pinion (3034) on it. A stop lever (30361) is installed on the operating shaft. The stop lever (30361) cooperates with the clearance groove on the coupling (309) to lock the switch position. The operating handle (301) is inserted into the operating shaft to manually operate the output shaft (310). A limit block (312) is installed on the shaft of the drive gear (308). The limit block (312) 12) Rotates synchronously with the drive gear (308). The position limit switch (311) is mounted on the middle plate (305). When the limit block (312) rotates synchronously with the drive gear (308), the position limit switch (311) is switched. The electric limit switch (316) is mounted on the rear side of the front plate (304) and its contacts extend out of the front plate (304). The bottom of the flip plate assembly (302) is hinged to the front plate (304). It closes and opens with the front plate (304) and switches between manual and electric working states of the mechanism through the push rod (315) and the electric limit switch (316). The operating shaft includes a grounding operating shaft (303a) and an isolation operating shaft (303b). The grounding operating shaft (303a) rotates synchronously with the drive gear (308). The position limit switch (311) is mounted on the middle plate (305). When the limit block (312) rotates synchronously with the drive gear (308), the position limit switch (311) is switched. ...2) is switched. When the limit block (312) rotates synchronously with the drive gear (308), the position limit switch (312) is switched. When the limit block (312) rotates synchronously with the drive gear (308), the position limit switch Grounding stop bar (30361a) and isolation stop bar (30361b) are respectively installed on the 03a) and isolation operation shaft (303b); the coupling (309) includes six positions arranged from back to front: isolation manual stop (309b1), isolation position stop (309b2), isolation electric stop (309b3), grounding manual stop (309a1), grounding position stop (309a2), and grounding electric stop (309a3). The isolation manual stop (309b1), isolation position stop (309b2), grounding manual stop (309a1), and grounding position stop (309a2) are all provided with a boss (3091) that can form a notch for accommodating the stop bar (30361).

2. The operating mechanism of the direct-acting three-position switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coupling (309) is made of steel, and the thickness of each gear of the coupling (309) is greater than or equal to 8mm.

3. The operating mechanism of the direct-acting three-position switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operating handle (301) is provided with an operating handle head (3011) at its rear end. The operating handle head (3011) is a sleeve structure with a handle pin (313) inserted radially through its center. The operating shaft also includes a fixed bushing (3031), a compression spring (3032), a rotating bushing (3033), a bearing (3035), a push shaft (3036), a mandrel (3037), a gripper (3038), and a C-shaped spring (3039). The fixed bushing (3031) is welded to the rear plate (306) and fixed without rotating. The compression spring (3032) and the push shaft (3036) are installed in the fixed bushing (3031) from back to front. The push shaft (3036) is sleeved with the mandrel (3037), and the two push and pull synchronously, rotating freely. The side wall of the fixed bushing (3031) has a limit opening (30310). The rod (30361) is vertically mounted on the push shaft (3036) from the limiting port (30310); the front end of the core rod (3037) is hinged with a gripper (3038); the C-shaped spring (3039) is vertically clamped between the grippers (3038); the rotating bushing (3033) is fitted over the core rod (3037) and the push shaft (3036), the outer ring of the rotating bushing (3033) passes through the bearing (3035) fixed on the middle plate (305), the rotating bushing (3033) is provided with a small gear (3034), the rotating bushing (3033) meshes with the drive gear (308) through the small gear (3034), the front end of the rotating bushing (3033) is provided with a sliding groove (30331) on the upper and lower inner walls corresponding to the position of the gripper (3038), and the left and right walls are provided with notches to accommodate the handle pin (313).

4. The operating mechanism of the direct-acting three-position switch according to claim 3, characterized in that: The push shaft (3036) and the stop bar (30361) are made of steel. The stop bar (30361) is columnar and the thinnest part of its radial cross-section is greater than or equal to 8 mm.

5. The operating mechanism of the direct-acting three-position switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The position limit switches (311) are distributed circumferentially around the center of the limit block (312), and the contacts of the position limit switches (311) are in close contact with the outer ring of the limit block (312) and are in a compressed state. They include a trip position limit switch (3111), an isolation position limit switch (3112), and an engagement position limit switch (3113). The outer ring of the limit block (312) has a groove parallel to the axial direction at the position of the corresponding position limit switch (311) contact. When the groove is rotated to align with the position of the corresponding position limit switch (311) contact, the corresponding position limit switch (311) contact is released.

6. The operating mechanism of the direct-acting three-position switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limit block (312) has three switch position indicator marks on its front, including the open position indicator (3121), the closed position indicator (3122), and the connected position indicator (3123). The position indicator marks are distributed in a circle with the center of the limit block (312) as the center. The front plate (304) has a switch position indicator hole at the corresponding position, and the switch position indicator silk screen (3041) is printed next to the hole. The position indicator marks are visible through the switch position indicator hole on the front plate (304), and the position indicator in the switch position indicator hole switches synchronously when the limit block (312) is rotated to different switch states.

7. The operating mechanism of the direct-acting three-position switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting block (312) is made of nylon.

8. The operating mechanism of the direct-acting three-position switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flap assembly (302) includes a pressure block (3021), a torsion spring (3022), a buckle plate (3023), and a flap (3024). The flap assembly (302) is hinged to the front plate (304) at the bottom of the flap (3024). The pressure block (3021) is installed in the middle of the inner side of the flap (3024) at the position corresponding to the contact of the top rod (315) and the electric limit switch (316). The buckle plate (3023) is hinged to the flap (3024) at the upper part of the flap (3024) through the torsion spring (3022). A square hole (3042) is opened on the front plate (304) at the position corresponding to the buckle plate (3023). The buckle plate (3023) can be fastened in the square hole (3042) and can be manually released.

9. The operating mechanism of the direct-acting three-position switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a synchronous main gear (3171), a secondary pinion (3172), a secondary synchronous large gear (3173), and an output pinion (3174). The synchronous main gear (3171) is driven by the original output shaft (310). The secondary pinion (3172) meshes with the synchronous main gear (3171) and drives the secondary synchronous large gear (3173). The secondary synchronous large gear (3173) meshes with the output pinion (3174) and drives the new output shaft (310) located at the center of the output pinion (3174).

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