A spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device and system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device, comprising a body, a reaction channel and a heating channel, wherein the reaction outlet of the reaction channel is located inside the body, and the reaction channel spirals outward from the reaction outlet as a starting point and extends out of the body; the gas inlet of the heating channel is located inside the body, and the heating channel spirals outward from the gas inlet as a starting point and extends out of the body, and at least part of the heating channel is attached to the outer wall of the reaction channel, and the heating channel is used to introduce gas with a temperature of more than 500°C into the body. The spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device has the characteristics of compact structure, high energy utilization rate of the device, reduced consumption of external energy, and also has high ammonia decomposition reaction efficiency, reducing the pollution of residual ammonia to the environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of clean energy equipment, and in particular to a spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device and system with a spiral structure. Background Art

[0002] A fuel cell is a power generation device that converts the chemical energy of fossil fuels into electrical energy. During the conversion process, a fuel cell can release a large amount of heat to provide power. Therefore, fuel cells may replace traditional diesel engines on ships and become the main energy source for continuous propulsion. However, existing fuel cells using fossil fuels as raw materials will produce greenhouse gases, sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) and other harmful gases during combustion, causing air pollution. Fuel cells using solid oxides as fuel, such as methane and reformed gas, will cause carbon deposition in the battery and reduce battery performance. Using hydrogen directly as fuel will cause problems such as difficulty in hydrogen storage and transportation and poor safety. Ammonia is an easily transportable hydrogen-rich carrier with the advantages of easy liquefaction, high energy density, high safety and low fuel cost. Therefore, hydrogen production by decomposing ammonia is an efficient and feasible way to produce hydrogen. However, in the existing ammonia decomposition process, the external temperature consumption is relatively large, and the catalyst and energy utilization are low. The purity of hydrogen after ammonia decomposition is poor, and there is a lot of unreacted ammonia, which is easy to cause environmental pollution after being discharged into the air. In addition, the equipment is usually large in size and the application scenarios are relatively limited.

[0003] Chinese patent CN110203882A discloses an ammonia decomposition device and a hydrogen production method, including a shell, a heating zone, a heat exchange zone, a reaction section, and a heat exchange coil. The heat exchange coil is spirally wound on the outer wall of the reaction section to heat ammonia. The reaction section includes a first reaction section and a second reaction section that are connected in sequence. Ammonia enters the first reaction section for ammonia decomposition and then enters the second reaction section for further decomposition of residual ammonia in the mixed gas. The ammonia decomposition reaction device heats ammonia by spirally winding the heat exchange coil on the outer wall of the reaction section, but there is still a problem of low heating efficiency, and the gas content and energy consumption required in the heating process are large; there is a risk of heat loss and gas loss in the decomposition process, and the product volume is large, which is not suitable for use in a relatively compact application environment. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the defects of the ammonia decomposition device in the prior art, such as low heating efficiency, large energy and gas consumption, heat loss and large gas consumption during the heating process, large equipment volume and low energy utilization rate, a spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device and system with better heating efficiency, high energy utilization rate and low gas consumption, compact equipment volume, sufficient ammonia decomposition reaction and high decomposition efficiency are provided.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device, including a main body, a reaction channel and a heating channel, the reaction outlet of the reaction channel is located inside the main body, the reaction channel spirals outward from the reaction outlet as a starting point and extends out of the main body; the gas inlet of the heating channel is located inside the main body, the heating channel spirals outward from the gas inlet as a starting point and extends out of the main body, at least part of the heating channel is fitted on the outer wall of the reaction channel, and the heating channel is used to introduce gas with a temperature of more than 500°C into the interior of the main body.

[0006] Furthermore, the reaction channel includes a reaction outlet, a collecting reaction part, a decomposition channel and a reaction inlet. The reaction outlet is located in the exact center of the body, the collecting reaction part is located in the exact center of the body and is connected to the reaction outlet, one end of the collecting reaction part is connected to the decomposition channel, the decomposition channel is spirally arranged inside the body and extends out of the body, and the end of the decomposition channel away from the reaction outlet is connected to the reaction inlet.

[0007] Furthermore, the decomposition channel includes a preheating part and a decomposition part, one end of the preheating part is connected to the decomposition part, and the other end of the preheating part is connected to the reaction inlet; the cross-sectional size of the preheating part gradually increases along the extension direction of the preheating part.

[0008] Furthermore, the length ratio of the preheating part to the decomposition part is 1:4 to 1:10.

[0009] Furthermore, a ruthenium-based catalyst or a nickel-based catalyst is arranged in the reaction channel.

[0010] Furthermore, a heating device is provided inside the decomposition channel, and the heating device comprises a heating sleeve and a heating component, and the heating sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the heating component.

[0011] Furthermore, the heating channel includes a gas inlet, a heating collection point, a heat exchange pipe and a gas outlet. The heating collection point is located in the center of the main body, the heating collection point is connected to the gas inlet, the heating collection point is connected to the heat exchange pipe, the heat exchange pipe is spirally arranged inside the main body and extends out of the main body, and one end of the heat exchange pipe is connected to the gas outlet.

[0012] Furthermore, the ratio between the length of the heating channel and the length of the reaction channel ranges from 1:1 to 1:2.

[0013] Furthermore, a plurality of distance columns are arranged on the side walls of the heating channel.

[0014] The present invention discloses an ammonia decomposition reaction system, comprising any one of the above-mentioned spiral ammonia decomposition reaction devices, an ammonia storage device, a gas supply device and a hydrogen storage device, wherein the ammonia storage device is connected to a reaction channel of the spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device, the ammonia storage device is used to introduce ammonia into the reaction channel, the gas supply device is connected to a gas inlet of the spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device, and the hydrogen storage device is connected to a reaction outlet of the spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device.

[0015] The spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device and system described in the present invention improve the compactness of the equipment structure by fitting and jointly arranging the reaction channel and the heating channel inside the main body, so as to be suitable for ammonia decomposition applications in various different situations; the ammonia is heated in a staggered direction by the gas in the heating channel, which effectively increases the heat exchange area between the reaction channel and the heating channel, thereby improving the heating effect of the gas on the ammonia and the decomposition reaction efficiency of the ammonia; the ammonia can reach the reaction temperature faster under the joint action of the catalyst, and the heat of the gas itself is used to fully and continuously circulate and heat the unreacted ammonia in the mixed gas, thereby reducing the demand for external energy in the ammonia decomposition process, improving the overall energy utilization rate of the device and the completeness of ammonia decomposition, and reducing the risk of residual ammonia being discharged into the environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device described in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device described in the present invention includes a main body 1, a reaction channel 2 and a heating channel 3. The reaction outlet 21 of the reaction channel 2 is located inside the main body 1, and the reaction channel 2 spirals outward from the reaction outlet 21 as a starting point and extends out of the main body 1; the gas inlet 31 of the heating channel 3 is located inside the main body 1, and the heating channel 3 spirals outward from the gas inlet 31 as a starting point and extends out of the main body 1, at least part of the heating channel 3 is attached to the outer wall of the reaction channel 2, and the heating channel 1 is used to introduce gas with a temperature of more than 500°C into the interior of the main body 1.

[0021] The spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device and system described in the present invention, by fitting and arranging the reaction channel and the heating channel together inside the body, heats the ammonia in a staggered direction through the gas in the heating channel, thereby effectively increasing the heat exchange area between the reaction channel and the heating channel, and also improving the heating effect of the gas on the ammonia and the reaction efficiency of the ammonia, so that the ammonia can reach the reaction temperature more quickly under the joint action of the catalyst and the heating channel; reducing the demand for external energy, improving the energy utilization rate of the device, and reducing the risk of residual ammonia being discharged into the environment after ammonia decomposition.

[0022] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the body 1 is a circular structure, the reaction channel 2 includes a reaction outlet 21, a collection reaction part 211, a decomposition channel 22 and a reaction inlet 23, the reaction outlet 21 is located at the center of the body 1, the collection reaction part 211 is a semicircular structure, the collection reaction part 211 is located at the center of the body 1 and is connected to the reaction outlet 21, one end of the collection reaction part 211 is also connected to the decomposition channel 22, the decomposition channel 22 is a spiral structure, the decomposition channel 22 is centered on the center of the body 1, and is spirally arranged inside the body 1, the decomposition channel 22 extends out of the body, and one end of the decomposition channel 22 away from the reaction outlet 21 is connected to the The decomposition channel 22 is connected to the reaction inlet 23, and the decomposition channel 22 is located on the same horizontal plane as the body 1; in order to distribute the ammonia more evenly in the reaction channel 2, thereby promoting the uniform and complete thermal decomposition of ammonia to form hydrogen and nitrogen, preferably, each part of the decomposition channel 22 is located on the same horizontal plane, and the decomposition channel 22 is evenly coiled inside the body 1; the distances between any two adjacent parts of the decomposition channel 22 are equal to each other; the decomposition channel 22 includes a preheating part 221 and a decomposition part 222, the preheating part 221 is connected to the decomposition part 222, and one end of the preheating part 221 is connected to the reaction inlet 23; in order to speed up the circulation speed of ammonia, and in the reaction The ammonia should be collected before the decomposition, so that the heat between the ammonia can be evenly distributed, thereby improving the subsequent decomposition efficiency of the ammonia. Specifically, the cross-sectional size of the preheating part 221 gradually increases along the extension direction of the preheating part 221; the other end of the preheating part 221 is connected to the decomposition part 222, and the decomposition part 222 spirally extends toward the center of the body 1 and is connected to the collection reaction part 211 located at the center of the body 1. Each part of the decomposition part 222 is arranged at equal distances; in order to promote the ammonia to decompose faster when it passes through the preheating part 221 and enters the decomposition part 222, preferably, the decomposition part 222 is provided with A ruthenium-based catalyst or a nickel-based catalyst is placed. When ammonia enters the preheating part 221 and the decomposition part 222, the generated hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas enters the collecting reaction part 211 connected to the decomposition part 222 for collection and integration, and then is discharged from the body 1 through the reaction outlet 21 for subsequent hydrogen application; in order to better improve the decomposition efficiency of the ammonia decomposition reaction, the ammonia can be fully decomposed by heat, and the purity of the hydrogen in the mixed gas after the ammonia decomposition is improved; preferably, a heating device is arranged inside the decomposition channel 22, the cross-sectional shape of the heating device corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the decomposition part 222, and the installation direction of the heating device is the same as the extension direction of the decomposition channel 22;Specifically, the heating device includes a heating sleeve and a heating component. The cross-sectional shape of the heating sleeve corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the heating component. The heating sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the heating component. The heating sleeve is used to prevent ammonia or catalyst from directly contacting the heating component to cause damage to the heating component, thereby affecting the ammonia decomposition reaction and the catalytic reaction effect and reducing the ammonia decomposition reaction; more specifically, the heating device is an electric heating device. ;

[0023] like Figure 2As shown, the gas inlet 31 of the heating channel 3 is located at the center of the body 1, and the heating channel 3 also includes a heating collection point 311, a heat exchange pipe 32 and a gas outlet 33. The heating collection point 311 is located at the center of the body 1. The heating collection point 311 can collect the gas introduced from the gas inlet 31 to drive the gas flow, thereby heating the ammonia gas inside the reaction channel 2 to promote the temperature rise of the ammonia gas so as to cause a decomposition reaction. The heating collection point 311 is connected to the gas inlet 31, and the heating collection point 311 is also connected to the heat exchange channel 32; the heat exchange channel is connected to the body 1 The center of the heat exchange pipe 32 is the axis, and it spirals and extends toward the outside of the body 1, in order to heat the ammonia in the reaction channel 2 more evenly and completely, so that the ammonia can be evenly and fully decomposed by heat to improve the decomposition efficiency of the ammonia; preferably, each part of the heat exchange pipe 32 is located on the same horizontal plane, and the heat exchange pipe 32 is evenly coiled inside the body 1, and the distance between each part of the heat exchange pipe 32 and the body 1 is equal to each other; in order to further improve the heating effect of the heating channel 3, reduce the heat loss in the ammonia decomposition process and improve the energy utilization rate; preferably, the heat exchange pipe 32 and the reaction channel 2 The decomposition channels 22 are fitted together, and the heat exchange pipe 32 is completely fitted with the preheating part 221 and the decomposition part 222 of the decomposition channel 22; when the gas with a temperature of more than 500°C is passed into the heat exchange pipe 32, the gas can first exchange heat with the ammonia in the preheating part 221 of the decomposition channel 22 to preheat the ammonia, so that the ammonia can reach the temperature of the ammonia decomposition reaction faster, thereby promoting the subsequent decomposition effect of the ammonia, and also reducing the energy required for the subsequent heating and decomposition of the ammonia and the amount of catalyst required to be filled in the pipe; each part of the heat exchange pipe 32 is arranged at equal distances, and the heat exchange pipe 32 is arranged at equal distances. The distance between each part of the pipeline 32 is equal to the distance between each part of the decomposition channel 22; the gas outlet 33 is located on the side wall of the body 1, the heat exchange pipeline 32 is connected to the gas outlet 33, and the gas outlet 33 is used to guide the gas after heat exchange out of the heat exchange pipeline 32 to complete the heating and decomposition of ammonia; wherein, in order to make the ammonia gas be evenly heated and decomposed during the ammonia decomposition process, the heat generated by the ammonia decomposition is utilized to the greatest extent, thereby reducing the consumption of external energy, more preferably, the ratio between the length of the heating channel 3 and the length of the reaction channel 2 is in the range of 1:1 to 1:0.8 For example, 1:1; the temperature of the gas entering the heating channel 3 is above 500°C, and the temperature range of the heating channel 3 is 500-700°C; a plurality of distance columns (not shown) are vertically arranged on the side wall of the heating channel 3; by vertically arranging a plurality of distance columns on the side wall of the heating channel 3, when the gas with a temperature above 500°C flows along the heating channel 3, the gas flows back and forth under the action of the distance columns, and flows in the heating channel 3 in a turbulent manner, which can improve the heat exchange effect between the gas and the ammonia in the reaction channel 2, so that the ammonia is more evenly and completely decomposed by heat to better form a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen. .

[0024] When ammonia enters the preheating part 221 of the reaction channel 2 through the reaction inlet 23, a gas with a temperature of more than 500°C, such as water vapor generated by ignition of hydrogen, is introduced into the gas inlet 31 of the heating channel 3 at a flow rate of 5 to 20 m / s. Under the action of the heating channel 3, ammonia is preheated with gas in the preheating part 221 to increase its temperature. Then, the heated ammonia is introduced into the decomposition part 222. Under the action of the catalyst in the decomposition part 222, ammonia undergoes a decomposition reaction in the decomposition part 222 to generate a mixed gas of hydrogen, nitrogen and ammonia; wherein the temperature above 500°C is greater than 100°C. When the gas with a temperature of 500°C enters the heating channel 3, it first enters the heating collection point 311 for collection to promote uniform distribution of temperature in the gas. The collected gas then enters the heat exchange pipe 32 and spirals along the extension direction of the heat exchange pipe 32. At the same time, the ammonia gas after preliminary heating flows along the extension direction of the decomposition part 222. Under the action of the catalyst inside the decomposition part 222, the ammonia gas further decomposes. In the process of the gas in the heat exchange pipe 32 flowing, the heat of the gas with a temperature of more than 500°C continues to be transferred to the heat exchange pipe 32 through the outer wall of the heat exchange pipe 32. The decomposition channel 22 is fitted to increase the temperature of the ammonia in the reaction decomposition channel 22 to promote the further decomposition of the ammonia to generate hydrogen and nitrogen; since the heat exchange pipe 32 and the decomposition channel 22 are fitted to each other, the flow direction of the ammonia is opposite to the flow direction of the gas; the ammonia in the spirally arranged decomposition channel 22 and the gas in the heat exchange pipe 32 flow in the opposite direction, so that the gas can heat the ammonia more effectively and fully, thereby improving the decomposition efficiency of the ammonia, reducing the energy loss in the ammonia decomposition process, reducing the energy consumption in the ammonia decomposition process, and adopting the convection of the ammonia and the gas in the heat exchange pipe 32 The circulation method improves the heat exchange efficiency between the gas and ammonia, so that the ammonia can be decomposed by heat faster; the ammonia after heat exchange is fully decomposed and enters the collection reaction part 211, and the mixed gas after decomposition is collected and integrated in the collection reaction part 211, and the temperature inside the mixed gas is redistributed to further remove the ammonia in the mixed gas and improve the purity of hydrogen in the mixed gas; the mixed gas with high-purity hydrogen after heating and decomposition is then discharged from the reaction channel 2 through the reaction outlet 21 for subsequent hydrogen application; the cooled gas after heat exchange is discharged from the main body 1 through the gas outlet 33.

[0025] The present invention also discloses a system including the spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device, and also includes an ammonia storage device, a gas supply device and a hydrogen storage device. The ammonia storage device is connected to the reaction inlet of the spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device, and the ammonia storage device is used to provide ammonia to the spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device; the gas supply device is connected to the gas inlet of the spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device, and the gas supply device is used to provide gas above 500°C to the spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device for subsequent heating and decomposition of ammonia; the hydrogen storage device is connected to the reaction outlet of the spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device, and the hydrogen storage device is used to store and collect the hydrogen and nitrogen mixed gas decomposed by the spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device.

[0026] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. However, the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device, comprising a body, a reaction channel and a heating channel, characterized in that: The reaction channel comprises a reaction outlet, a reaction collection part, a decomposition channel and a reaction inlet, the reaction outlet of the reaction channel is located inside the body, the reaction outlet is located in the exact center of the body, the reaction collection part is a semicircular structure, the reaction collection part is located in the exact center of the body and is connected to the reaction outlet, one end of the reaction collection part is also connected to the decomposition channel, the decomposition channel is a spiral structure, the decomposition channel is spirally arranged inside the body and extends out of the body, one end of the decomposition channel away from the reaction outlet is connected to the reaction inlet, the distances between any two adjacent parts of the decomposition channel are equal to each other, and the reaction channel spirals outwards from the reaction outlet as a starting point and extends out of the body; The heating channel includes a gas inlet, a heating collection point, a heat exchange pipe and a gas outlet. The gas inlet of the heating channel is located inside the body, the heating collection point is located at the center of the body, the heating collection point is connected to the gas inlet, and the heating collection point is also connected to the heat exchange pipe. The heat exchange pipe is spirally arranged inside the body and extends out of the body. Each part of the heat exchange pipe is arranged at equal intervals. The distance between each part of the heat exchange pipe is equal to the distance between each part of the decomposition channel. One end of the heat exchange pipe is connected to the gas outlet. The heating channel spirals outward from the gas inlet as a starting point and extends out of the body. At least part of the heating channel is attached to the outer wall of the reaction channel. The heating channel is used to introduce gas with a temperature of more than 500°C into the inside of the body.

2. A spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The decomposition channel includes a preheating part and a decomposition part, one end of the preheating part is connected to the decomposition part, and the other end of the preheating part is connected to the reaction inlet; the cross-sectional size of the preheating part gradually increases along the extension direction of the preheating part.

3. A spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The length ratio of the preheating part to the decomposition part is 1:4 to 1:

10.

4. The spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A ruthenium-based catalyst or a nickel-based catalyst is arranged in the reaction channel.

5. The spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heating device is arranged inside the decomposition channel, and the heating device comprises a heating sleeve and a heating component, and the heating sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the heating component.

6. The spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the length of the heating channel to the length of the reaction channel ranges from 1:1 to 1:0.

8.

7. The spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of distance columns are arranged on the side wall of the heating channel.

8. An ammonia decomposition reaction system, characterized in that: It comprises the spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, an ammonia storage device, a gas supply device and a hydrogen storage device, wherein the ammonia storage device is connected to a reaction channel of the spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device, and the ammonia storage device is used to introduce ammonia gas into the reaction channel; the gas supply device is connected to a gas inlet of the spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device, and the hydrogen storage device is connected to a reaction outlet of the spiral ammonia decomposition reaction device.

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