Shell and tube gasifier

Abstract

The application provides a shell-and-tube gasifier, which comprises a shell, baffles, a liquid hydrogen gasification pipeline, a sensor control group and a valve group; a plurality of baffles are alternately distributed in the upper and lower surfaces of the shell, so that the inner cavity of the shell forms an S-shaped heat exchange channel; the heat exchange channel is in communication with circulating cooling liquid; the liquid hydrogen gasification pipeline is used for heat exchange vaporization of liquid hydrogen and output; the liquid hydrogen gasification pipeline comprises a first pipeline and a spiral pipeline; a plurality of the first pipelines are circumferentially distributed in the shell, and a plurality of the first pipelines respectively pass through a plurality of the baffles; one end of adjacent first pipelines is in communication through a U-shaped tube, so that a plurality of the first pipelines form an annular coil pipe; the spiral pipeline is arranged at the axial position of the annular coil pipe; the sensor control group and the valve group are arranged at each inlet and outlet. The application has the advantages of good vaporization heat exchange effect, long service life, light weight, corrosion resistance, stable work, high safety and convenient maintenance.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of liquid hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen supply systems or liquid hydrogen gasification equipment, in particular to a shell-and-tube gasifier. BACKGROUND

[0002] Global warming caused by excessive carbon emissions has become a problem that all mankind faces today. With the development of China's economy and society, the number of motor vehicles is increasing rapidly. According to statistics, as of the end of August 2022, the total number of motor vehicles in China reached 408 million, including 312 million automobiles. Environmental pollution caused by motor vehicle exhaust seriously affects people's health. With the improvement of people's environmental awareness and the development of hydrogen energy, hydrogen energy has become an excellent choice to replace fossil fuels.

[0003] Hydrogen energy is an important field of new energy revolution, and liquid hydrogen is a key field of hydrogen energy utilization. Hydrogen fuel cell is a power generation device that directly converts the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have the advantages of powerful power, fast start-up speed, safety and reliability, economic energy saving, high energy conversion efficiency, low noise, and low-temperature cold start. Liquid hydrogen has the characteristics of high hydrogen storage density and high energy density. This makes liquid hydrogen the best hydrogen supply method for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[0004] In a liquid hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, liquid hydrogen must be vaporized by a gasifier before entering the fuel cell and converted into gaseous hydrogen to participate in the reaction. Common gasifiers currently include open rack gasifiers, submerged combustion gasifiers, cooling liquid gasifiers, wound pipe gasifiers, water bath gasifiers, and air temperature gasifiers. Among them, open rack gasifiers are prone to corrosion and require high investment. Submerged combustion gasifiers are prone to corrosion and have high operating costs. Air temperature gasifiers have large volume and mass, and the fins are prone to icing, are unstable, and are difficult to maintain. Most of the above gasifiers are used for LNG vaporization, and the requirements for liquid hydrogen vaporization are higher. The existing gasifier technology cannot meet the requirements of on-board liquid hydrogen vaporization. In addition, the existing gasifier technology does not make full use of the cold energy generated by liquid hydrogen vaporization, resulting in low energy utilization and energy waste. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present application provides a shell-and-tube gasifier, which allows liquid hydrogen at -253℃ to be vaporized by the gasifier to meet the conditions for use of the fuel cell, and recycles the large amount of cold energy generated during the liquid hydrogen vaporization process through a cooling liquid. The problems of existing gasifiers, such as large mass, fin icing, instability, and difficulty in maintenance, are solved.

[0006] The present application achieves the above technical purpose by the following technical means.

[0007] A shell-and-tube vaporizer includes a shell, baffles, liquid hydrogen vaporization piping, a sensor control group, and a valve group;

[0008] Several baffles are alternately distributed on the upper and lower surfaces of the shell, forming an S-shaped heat exchange channel in the inner cavity of the shell; the heat exchange channel is connected to the circulating coolant.

[0009] The liquid hydrogen vaporization pipeline is used to vaporize liquid hydrogen through heat exchange and output it; the liquid hydrogen vaporization pipeline includes a first pipeline and a spiral pipeline; a plurality of first pipelines are circumferentially distributed in the shell, and the plurality of first pipelines pass through a plurality of baffles respectively; one end of adjacent first pipelines is connected by a U-shaped pipe, so that the plurality of first pipelines form an annular coil; a spiral pipeline is provided at the axial position of the annular coil.

[0010] The sensor control group and valve group are located at each inlet and outlet, and are used to control the inflow and outflow of liquid hydrogen, gaseous hydrogen and coolant; a fixing device is installed at the bottom of the housing to fix the vaporizer.

[0011] Furthermore, the shell is respectively provided with a liquid hydrogen inlet, a coolant outlet, a gaseous hydrogen outlet, and a coolant inlet; one end of the liquid hydrogen inlet is connected to a liquid hydrogen supply device, and the other end of the liquid hydrogen inlet is provided with a liquid hydrogen diversion device; the liquid hydrogen diversion device is respectively connected to a spiral pipe inlet and an annular coil inlet; the spiral pipe outlet and the annular coil outlet converge and are connected to the gaseous hydrogen outlet; an S-shaped heat exchange channel is connected between the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet.

[0012] Furthermore, the shell is an aluminum alloy containing 2.6% magnesium and 5.7% zinc; the shell is wrapped with carbon fiber material; the coolant is a mixture of 60% ethylene glycol, 39.6% deionized water and 0.4% aluminum oxide.

[0013] Furthermore, the spiral pipe spirally passes through several baffles; the spiral pipe is a variable pitch spiral pipe.

[0014] Furthermore, the pitch of the spiral pipe near the liquid hydrogen inlet is smaller than the pitch of the spiral pipe near the gaseous hydrogen outlet.

[0015] Furthermore, the pitch of the spiral pipe near the liquid hydrogen inlet is 40-50 mm; the pitch of the spiral pipe near the gaseous hydrogen outlet is 50-60 mm.

[0016] Furthermore, the spiral of the spiral pipeline gradually increases in size along the direction from the liquid hydrogen inlet to the gaseous hydrogen outlet.

[0017] Furthermore, the valve assembly includes a first solenoid valve and a safety valve arranged at the liquid hydrogen inlet, and a second solenoid valve arranged at the gaseous hydrogen outlet; the first solenoid valve is used to control the flow rate of liquid hydrogen entering the housing, and the second solenoid valve is used to control the flow rate of gaseous hydrogen exiting the housing; the coolant inlet is connected to the pump;

[0018] The sensor control group includes a first temperature sensor arranged at the coolant outlet, a second temperature sensor and a pressure sensor arranged at the hydrogen outlet, and a controller; the controller controls the flow rate of the coolant inlet by controlling the pump speed based on the measurement value of the first temperature sensor; the controller controls the flow rate of the hydrogen outlet by controlling the second solenoid valve based on the measurement values ​​of the second temperature sensor and the pressure sensor.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0020] 1. The shell-and-tube vaporizer of the present invention, compared with the traditional vaporizer, has an annular coil and a spiral pipeline inside the shell, which makes the liquid hydrogen vaporization more complete and has the advantages of good vaporization heat exchange effect, long service life, light weight, corrosion resistance, stable operation, high safety and convenient maintenance.

[0021] 2. The shell-and-tube vaporizer of the present invention realizes efficient utilization of cold energy during the vaporization process of liquid hydrogen, improves the thermal efficiency of fuel cells, and enables interaction between the cold energy and thermal management systems.

[0022] 3. The shell-and-tube vaporizer of the present invention uses titanium alloy (containing 0.095% iron, 0.08% oxygen, 0.0009% hydrogen, and 0.0062% nitrogen), high-strength aluminum alloy (containing 2.6% magnesium and 5.7% zinc), carbon fiber, and zinc-chromium coating, achieving lightweight and corrosion-resistant vaporizer. The coolant used in the present invention is a mixture of 60% ethylene glycol, 39.6% deionized water, and 0.4% aluminum oxide, which can meet the requirements of heat exchange and energy interaction, and the performance of the coolant is also improved.

[0023] 4. The shell-and-tube vaporizer of the present invention adopts a parallel double-layer double-tube vaporization tube group arrangement, which enhances the heat transfer efficiency, increases the heat exchange efficiency by 50% compared with the traditional vaporizer, and reduces the volume by 60%. The baffle arrangement not only enhances the full and uniform heat exchange between the coolant and liquid hydrogen, but also supports the vaporization straight tube and the vaporizer shell, ensuring the stable operation of the vaporizer and extending its service life.

[0024] 5. The shell-and-tube vaporizer of the present invention, through an annular coil and a spiral conduit, with the spiral conduit located at the center of the annular coil and longer than the spiral conduit, allows for complete vaporization of liquid hydrogen within the annular coil. While the spiral conduit is shorter, its higher flow rate results in incompletely vaporized liquid hydrogen remaining. Therefore, a mixing chamber is provided at the ends of both the annular coil and the spiral conduit. This chamber utilizes the fully vaporized liquid hydrogen within the annular coil to further vaporize the incompletely vaporized liquid hydrogen output from the spiral conduit. Furthermore, a controller differentiates the flow rates within the annular coil and the spiral conduit to ensure that the mixing chamber outputs fully vaporized liquid hydrogen. Additionally, the spiral conduit's helix gradually increases in diameter from the liquid hydrogen inlet to the gaseous hydrogen outlet, or the pitch of the spiral conduit near the liquid hydrogen inlet is smaller than that near the gaseous hydrogen outlet. This design slows the flow rate at the end of the spiral conduit, further reducing incomplete vaporization and ensuring complete vaporization of the liquid hydrogen. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. The drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the shell-and-tube coolant vaporizer described in this invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a side view of the upper baffle plate described in this invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a side view of the lower baffle plate described in this invention.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the liquid hydrogen vaporization pipeline described in this invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the straight pipe connection principle of the liquid hydrogen vaporization pipeline according to the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the straight pipe and spiral pipe in the liquid hydrogen vaporization pipeline described in this invention.

[0032] In the picture:

[0033] 1-Liquid hydrogen; 2-Liquid hydrogen inlet; 3-1-Upper baffle; 3-2-Lower baffle; 4-Shell; 5-Coolant outlet; 6-Coolant after heat exchange; 7-Gaseous hydrogen outlet; 8-Gaseous hydrogen; 9-Coolant inlet; 10-Coolant; 11-1-First pipeline; 11-2-Helical pipeline; 12-Fixing device; 13-Vaporization pipeline connector; 14-Straight pipe fixing device. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0035] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0036] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0037] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0038] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the shell-and-tube vaporizer of the present invention includes a shell 4, an upper baffle 3-1, a lower baffle 3-2, a liquid hydrogen vaporization pipeline, a sensor control group, and a valve group;

[0039] The upper and lower surfaces of the shell 4 are alternately distributed with several upper baffles 3-1 and lower baffles 3-2, forming an S-shaped heat exchange channel within the shell 4. The heat exchange channel is connected to the circulating coolant 10. The liquid hydrogen vaporization pipeline is used to vaporize liquid hydrogen through heat exchange and output it. The liquid hydrogen vaporization pipeline includes a first pipeline 11-1 and a spiral pipeline 11-2. Several first pipelines 11-1 are circumferentially distributed within the shell 4, and several first pipelines 11-1 pass through several upper baffles 3-1 and lower baffles 3-2 respectively. One end of adjacent first pipelines 11-1 is connected by a U-shaped pipe, forming an annular coil. A spiral pipeline 11-2 is provided at the axial position of the annular coil, and the spiral pipeline 11-2 passes through several upper baffles 3-1 and lower baffles 3-2. A fixing device 12 is installed at the bottom of the shell 4 to fix the vaporizer. Liquid hydrogen 1 from the liquid hydrogen storage tank enters the vaporizer through the liquid hydrogen inlet 2 via a delivery pipeline. It exchanges heat with the pre-entered flowing coolant through the liquid hydrogen vaporization pipeline and vaporizes. After reaching the vaporization standard, it is delivered to the buffer tank through the gas hydrogen outlet 7 for pressure and temperature adjustment to meet the requirements of the fuel cell, thus supplying the fuel cell. The coolant 10 flows within the vaporizer shell 4. After heat exchange, it has cold energy and is output from the coolant outlet 5, connecting to the vehicle's thermal management system to achieve heat exchange and cold energy utilization. The fixing device 12 is connected to the shell 4, stably fixing the vaporizer in its installation position to ensure stable operation. The sensor control group is installed at each inlet and outlet, controlling the flow rate and temperature of the coolant and liquid hydrogen to meet the vaporizer's operating requirements and the output conditions of vaporized hydrogen and coolant.

[0040] The shell 4 is respectively provided with a liquid hydrogen inlet 2, a coolant outlet 5, a gaseous hydrogen outlet 7, and a coolant inlet 9; one end of the liquid hydrogen inlet 2 is connected to a liquid hydrogen supply device, and the other end of the liquid hydrogen inlet 2 is provided with a liquid hydrogen diversion device; the liquid hydrogen diversion device is connected to the inlet of the spiral pipe 11-2 and the inlet of the annular coil respectively; the outlet of the spiral pipe 11-2 and the outlet of the annular coil converge and are connected to the gaseous hydrogen outlet 7; the coolant inlet 9 and the coolant outlet 5 are connected by an S-shaped heat exchange channel. The first pipe 11-1 is connected to the upper baffle 3-1 and the lower baffle 3-2 through a straight pipe fixing device 14, and the spiral pipe 11-2 is welded to the upper baffle 3-1 and the lower baffle 3-2.

[0041] The shell 4 is an aluminum alloy containing 2.6% magnesium and 5.7% zinc, which reduces the mass of the vaporizer while enhancing its structural strength, thus meeting requirements. The shell 4 is wrapped with carbon fiber material to prevent accidental collisions and corrosion from external objects, thus protecting the vaporizer. The coolant 10 is a mixture of 60% ethylene glycol, 39.6% deionized water, and 0.4% aluminum oxide.

[0042] The spiral conduit 11-2 spirally passes through several baffles; the spiral conduit 11-2 is a variable pitch spiral conduit. The pitch of the spiral conduit 11-2 near the liquid hydrogen inlet 2 is smaller than the pitch of the spiral conduit 11-2 near the gaseous hydrogen outlet 7. The pitch of the spiral conduit 11-2 near the liquid hydrogen inlet 2 is 40-50 mm; the pitch of the spiral conduit 11-2 near the gaseous hydrogen outlet 7 is 50-60 mm. Alternatively, the spiral of the spiral conduit 11-2 can gradually increase in size along the direction from the liquid hydrogen inlet 2 to the gaseous hydrogen outlet 7. The spiral of the spiral conduit 11-2 can gradually increase in size along the direction from the liquid hydrogen inlet to the gaseous hydrogen outlet, or the pitch of the spiral conduit 11-2 near the liquid hydrogen inlet can be smaller than the pitch of the spiral conduit 11-2 near the gaseous hydrogen outlet. The purpose is to slow down the flow velocity at the end of the spiral conduit 11-2 to fully vaporize the liquid hydrogen in the spiral conduit 11-2 and reduce incompletely vaporized liquid hydrogen.

[0043] Because the spiral tube 11-2 is located inside the center of the annular coil, and the annular coil is longer than the spiral tube 11-2, the liquid hydrogen in the annular coil can be fully vaporized. Although the spiral tube 11-2 is shorter, its flow rate is higher, resulting in some incompletely vaporized liquid hydrogen remaining in it. Therefore, the outlets of the annular coil and the spiral tube 11-2 converge in the mixing chamber. The fully vaporized liquid hydrogen in the annular coil can be used to further vaporize the incompletely vaporized liquid hydrogen output from the spiral tube 11-2. Furthermore, by controlling the flow rates in the annular coil and the spiral tube 11-2 differently, the controller ensures that the mixing chamber outputs fully vaporized liquid hydrogen.

[0044] like Figure 4 , 5As shown in Figure 6, the valve assembly includes a first solenoid valve and a safety valve arranged at the liquid hydrogen inlet 2, and a second solenoid valve arranged at the gaseous hydrogen outlet 7; in the event of hydrogen leakage, the safety valve promptly cuts off the hydrogen supply; the first solenoid valve is used to control the flow rate of liquid hydrogen entering the housing 4, and the second solenoid valve is used to control the flow rate of gaseous hydrogen output from the housing 4; the coolant inlet 9 is connected to the pump; the sensor control assembly includes a first temperature sensor arranged at the coolant outlet 5, a second temperature sensor and a pressure sensor arranged at the gaseous hydrogen outlet 7, and a controller; the controller controls the flow rate of the coolant inlet 9 by controlling the pump speed based on the measured value of the first temperature sensor; the controller controls the flow rate of the gaseous hydrogen outlet 7 by controlling the second solenoid valve based on the measured values ​​of the second temperature sensor and the pressure sensor.

[0045] Example 1, such as Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the vaporizer is made of high-strength aluminum alloy (2.6% magnesium and 5.7% zinc) with a length of 1210 mm, a diameter of 300 mm, and a shell thickness of 5 mm; the fixing device 12 is made of stainless steel; and the coolant 10 is a mixture of 60% ethylene glycol, 39.6% deionized water, and 0.4% aluminum oxide. The first pipeline 11-1 is arranged in a concentric circle with a diameter of 14mm and a thickness of 2mm, consisting of 6 straight pipes. The central angle between adjacent straight pipes is 60°. One end of each adjacent first pipeline 11-1 is connected by a U-shaped pipe. Reinforced titanium alloy U-shaped pipes are used to avoid corrosion. The concentric circle arrangement can reduce the effect of turbulence on the vibration of the heat exchange tubes and increase the service life of the vaporizer. The connection sequence of the annular coil is: A (inlet) - BCDEFG (outlet). The spiral pipeline 11-2 has a diameter of 160mm, a pipe diameter of 14mm, a pipe thickness of 2mm, and a helix angle of 10°. It is equipped with 20 spiral pipes with different pitches. The first 10 spiral pipes have a pitch of 40-50mm, and the last 10 spiral pipes have a pitch of 50-60mm. The spiral pipe 11-2 is made of titanium alloy and internally coated with a zinc-chromium coating, which can prevent hydrogen embrittlement and extend the life of the vaporizer while ensuring heat exchange and reducing weight. The vaporization pipe joint 13 and the liquid hydrogen splitter joint both use double-ferrule all-metal joints to prevent hydrogen leakage and hydrogen embrittlement. The outlet G of the annular coil and the outlet of the spiral pipe 11-2 meet in the mixing chamber, and then gaseous hydrogen 8 is output from the gaseous hydrogen outlet 7.

[0046] The working principle is as follows: Liquid hydrogen 1 enters through liquid hydrogen inlet 2 and is evenly distributed into the parallel spiral pipeline 11-2 and the annular coil through the liquid hydrogen diversion device. The outer layer is the annular coil: it enters from A, passes through a U-shaped tube to B, then through another U-shaped tube to U, and so on to BCDEFG before reaching the mixing chamber. The inner layer is the spiral pipeline 11-2: along the spiral pipeline from left to right, the parallel vaporization pipelines converge in the mixing chamber. Under the control of the second solenoid valve, the heat-exchanged vaporized hydrogen is output through the hydrogen outlet 7. Since liquid hydrogen 1 can vaporize into hydrogen gas in a short distance after entering the annular coil, the volume increases by about 840 times. The use of parallel double-pipe vaporization pipelines can reduce the pressure caused by the sudden increase in volume, extend the service life of the vaporizer, and ensure sufficient hydrogen supply.

[0047] like Figure 2 , 3 As shown, the upper baffle 3-1 and lower baffle 3-2 divide the shell into multiple interconnected small spaces, improving the flow rate and heat exchange efficiency of the coolant. The upper baffle 3-1, lower baffle 3-2, and straight pipe fixing device 14 are all made of aluminum alloy and coated with zinc-chromium coating, reducing weight and preventing corrosion of the coolant. The baffles are welded to the vaporizer shell, with three baffles 3 evenly arranged on the upper and lower sides respectively, ensuring sufficient heat exchange and vaporization of liquid hydrogen 1 and coolant 10. The baffle specifications are Φ292mm×6mm, and the notch height h is 70mm, ensuring sufficient heat exchange between coolant 10 and liquid hydrogen, and avoiding the situation where the flow rate is too slow at the junction of the baffle and the shell 4, which could corrode the equipment.

[0048] The valve assembly includes a first solenoid valve and a safety valve arranged at the liquid hydrogen inlet 2, a second solenoid valve at the gaseous hydrogen outlet 7, and a pump at the coolant inlet 9. The first solenoid valve is used to control the input flow rate, the safety valve is used to cut off the hydrogen supply in time when hydrogen leaks, and the second solenoid valve is used to control the output flow rate. The pump at the coolant inlet 9 is used to control the flow rate of the coolant 10 input to the vaporizer shell side.

[0049] In order to control the flow rates in the annular coil and the spiral pipe 11-2 differently by means of a controller, a third solenoid valve is provided at the inlet of the annular coil and a fourth solenoid valve is provided at the inlet of the spiral pipe 11-2. The opening degree of the third and fourth solenoid valves is controlled by the controller to ensure that the liquid hydrogen output from the gaseous hydrogen outlet 7 is fully vaporized.

[0050] It should be understood that although this specification is described according to various embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This way of describing the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0051] The detailed descriptions listed above are merely specific illustrations of feasible embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the spirit of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shell-and-tube vaporizer, characterized in that, Includes housing (4), baffles, liquid hydrogen vaporization pipeline, sensor control group and valve group; The upper and lower surfaces of the shell (4) are alternately distributed with several baffles, so that the inner cavity of the shell (4) forms an S-shaped heat exchange channel; the heat exchange channel is connected to the circulating coolant (10); The liquid hydrogen vaporization pipeline is used to vaporize and output liquid hydrogen through heat exchange; the liquid hydrogen vaporization pipeline includes a first pipeline (11-1) and a spiral pipeline (11-2); a plurality of first pipelines (11-1) are circumferentially distributed in the shell (4), and the plurality of first pipelines (11-1) pass through a plurality of baffles respectively; one end of adjacent first pipelines (11-1) is connected by a U-shaped pipe, so that the plurality of first pipelines (11-1) form an annular coil; the spiral pipeline (11-2) is provided at the axial position of the annular coil; The sensor control group and valve group are located at each inlet and outlet, and are used to control the inflow and outflow of liquid hydrogen, gaseous hydrogen and coolant; a fixing device (12) is installed at the bottom of the housing (4) for fixing the vaporizer; The shell (4) is provided with a liquid hydrogen inlet (2), a coolant outlet (5), a gaseous hydrogen outlet (7), and a coolant inlet (9); one end of the liquid hydrogen inlet (2) is connected to a liquid hydrogen supply device, and the other end of the liquid hydrogen inlet (2) is provided with a liquid hydrogen diversion device; the liquid hydrogen diversion device is connected to the inlet of the spiral pipe (11-2) and the inlet of the annular coil respectively; the outlet of the spiral pipe (11-2) and the outlet of the annular coil converge and are connected to the gaseous hydrogen outlet (7); the coolant inlet (9) and the coolant outlet (5) are connected by an S-shaped heat exchange channel; the spiral pipe (11-2) spirally passes through several baffles; the spiral pipe (11-2) is a variable pitch spiral pipe; the outlet of the annular coil and the outlet of the spiral pipe (11-2) converge in the mixing chamber, which is used to vaporize the incompletely vaporized liquid hydrogen output from the spiral pipe (11-2) by fully vaporizing the liquid hydrogen in the annular coil.

2. The shell-and-tube vaporizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shell (4) is an aluminum alloy containing 2.6% magnesium and 5.7% zinc; the shell (4) is wrapped with carbon fiber material; the coolant (10) is a mixture of 60% ethylene glycol, 39.6% deionized water and 0.4% aluminum oxide.

3. The shell-and-tube vaporizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pitch of the spiral pipe (11-2) near the liquid hydrogen inlet (2) is smaller than the pitch of the spiral pipe (11-2) near the gaseous hydrogen outlet (7).

4. The shell-and-tube vaporizer according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pitch of the spiral pipe (11-2) near the liquid hydrogen inlet (2) is 40-50 mm; the pitch of the spiral pipe (11-2) near the gaseous hydrogen outlet (7) is 50-60 mm.

5. The shell-and-tube vaporizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pitch of the spiral pipeline (11-2) gradually increases along the direction from the liquid hydrogen inlet (2) to the gas hydrogen outlet (7).

6. The shell-and-tube vaporizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The valve assembly includes a first solenoid valve and a safety valve arranged at the liquid hydrogen inlet (2), and a second solenoid valve arranged at the gaseous hydrogen outlet (7); the first solenoid valve is used to control the flow rate of liquid hydrogen entering the housing (4), and the second solenoid valve is used to control the flow rate of gaseous hydrogen output from the housing (4); the coolant inlet (9) is connected to the pump; The sensor control group includes a first temperature sensor arranged at the coolant outlet (5), a second temperature sensor and a pressure sensor arranged at the hydrogen outlet (7), and a controller; the controller controls the flow rate of the coolant inlet (9) by controlling the pump speed based on the measured value of the first temperature sensor; the controller controls the flow rate of the hydrogen outlet (7) by controlling the second solenoid valve based on the measured values ​​of the second temperature sensor and the pressure sensor.

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