A high-quality grape drying device and method

Abstract

The present invention provides a high-quality grape drying device and method, the drying device includes a flotation system, an infrared hot air drying system, a steam generator and a control system. Under the control of the control system, the flotation system, the infrared hot air drying system and the steam generator complete the grape classification, high-temperature blanching and enzyme inactivation, infrared hot air drying and infrared sterilization steps at one time. The present invention is particularly suitable for seedless white grapes and other grape varieties with high sugar content. Salt solutions of different concentrations are used to distinguish fresh grapes of different densities, and rapid and non-destructive classification based on internal quality is achieved with a fast grading speed. The present invention has the advantages of simple operation and high efficiency. Compared with the traditional method of corroding the skin of berry materials with alkali solution to increase the drying rate, the present invention has the advantages of no pollution, no chemical residue, safety and greenness. Compared with the traditional method of sun drying and hot air drying, the work process is fully automated, saving labor and time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural product processing technology, and in particular relates to a high-quality grape drying device and method. Background Art

[0002] "Seedless white" grapes have a sugar content of up to 20-24%, which makes them difficult to dry. In recent years, the planting area of ​​seedless white grapes has been expanding, and the production capacity has been increasing, which urgently requires efficient drying and processing technology. In addition, the market demand for high-quality raisins is also large. However, there are currently the following difficulties in grape drying.

[0003] Grape raw materials have different physical and chemical characteristics. During the growth of grapes, due to differences in soil nutrition, light, and water, even grapes picked in the same harvest period have different individual qualities due to different nutrients in the growth position, light, and geographical location of the grape plants. Grapes on the same bunch will have different sugar contents due to different grape particle sizes and fruit growth sequences. In order to ensure the identity of raw materials for deep processing of grapes, grapes need to be classified quickly and effectively. The traditional method of using a sugar meter to collect grape juice one by one and determine the sugar content cannot be used on a large scale in industrial production. Hyperspectral analyzers can achieve non-destructive measurement, but the regression model between quality and spectral data that needs to be constructed often has large measurement errors due to the lack of sufficient information collection samples. In addition, the hardware of industrial spectrometers is expensive and the initial investment is large. Generally speaking, the more mature the grapes, the higher their sugar content, and the fruit density will also vary greatly. Salt solutions of different densities can effectively grade grapes. When the same batch of grapes are soaked in a salt solution of a certain density, the grapes with lower density will float up, while the grapes with higher density will remain at the bottom. By preparing salt solutions of different concentrations, the grapes of different densities can be effectively graded, thereby effectively distinguishing the sugar content of different grapes.

[0004] Because the grape skin is dense and has a hydrophobic waxy layer on the surface, it is difficult to dry and dehydrate it. To solve the above problems, hot water blanching is often used, and alkali solution is heated in it to corrode the grape skin and improve water permeability. However, food additive residues and sewage treatment are thorny problems. In addition, the hot water boiling process causes the loss of nutrients such as grape juice. High-temperature steam blanching can solve the above problems well. With the help of high-temperature steam to quickly impact the grape skin, the air permeability of the grape skin can be effectively improved, but it will not have a big impact on its nutritional quality and less wastewater is generated.

[0005] The processing process is susceptible to bacterial infection, which reduces the storage period. Infrared radiation heating technology can heat materials for drying; and when the infrared radiation, temperature and irradiation time are appropriate, it also has a significant sterilization function. Therefore, effectively coupling the drying and sterilization functions of infrared heating technology can greatly simplify the equipment structure design and thus improve product quality.

[0006] In summary, how to simplify the operating steps, reduce the grape processing time, complete the grape classification, high-temperature blanching and enzyme inactivation, infrared hot air drying, and infrared sterilization steps at one time, thereby improving the grape drying efficiency, reducing equipment investment and reducing equipment footprint, has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings and difficulties existing in the prior art and provide a high-quality grape drying device, comprising a flotation system 1, an infrared hot air drying system 2, a steam generator 4 and a control system 3. Under the control of the control system 3, through the combined operation of the flotation system 1, the infrared hot air drying system 2 and the steam generator 4, the steps of grape classification, high-temperature blanching and enzyme inactivation, infrared hot air drying and infrared sterilization can be completed at one time.

[0008] Preferably, the flotation system 1 includes a peristaltic pump 8, a material box 11 and a liquid storage tank. The liquid storage tanks are arranged in three rows and are respectively liquid storage tank I5a, liquid storage tank II5b and liquid storage tank III5c. The liquid storage tanks I5a, liquid storage tank II5b and liquid storage tank III5c are filled with salt solutions of different concentrations. The three liquid storage tanks are interconnected through the pipe I below. A drain valve 6 is installed at the end of the pipe I. The pipe I is connected to liquid valves I7a, liquid valves II7b and liquid valves III7c. The liquid valves I7a, liquid valves II7b and liquid valves III7c are arranged corresponding to the liquid storage tanks I5a, II5b and III5c respectively.

[0009] Preferably, one end of pipeline I away from the drain valve 6 is connected to the peristaltic pump 8, and the other end of the peristaltic pump 8 is connected to the material box 11 through an infusion pipeline. The peristaltic pump 8 is used to realize two-way transportation of the salt solution between the liquid storage tank and the material box 11; the density of the liquid salt solution in the liquid storage tank I5a, the liquid storage tank II5b, and the liquid storage tank III5c changes in a step-by-step manner.

[0010] Preferably, the inside of the material box 11 is sequentially installed with inclined nets Ⅰ12a, Ⅱ12b, Ⅲ12c and Ⅳ12d from top to bottom, and rotating motors Ⅰ13a, Ⅱ13b, Ⅲ13c and Ⅳ13d are respectively installed on the inclined nets Ⅰ12a, Ⅱ12b, Ⅲ12c and Ⅳ12d; and discharge valves Ⅰ10a, Ⅱ10b, Ⅲ10c and Ⅳ10d are correspondingly installed at the lower ends of the inclined nets Ⅰ12a, Ⅱ12b, Ⅲ12c and Ⅳ12d.

[0011] Preferably, the initial inclination angles of the inclined nets I 12a, II 12b, III 12c and IV 12d are 15-30°, and driven by the corresponding rotating motors, the inclination angles vary between 15-90°.

[0012] Preferably, a manually opened and closed feeding door 14 with good sealing performance is installed between the inclined net III 12c and the inclined net IV 12d, a filter net 15 is installed at the bottom of the material box 11 to prevent grapes and large particles of impurities from entering the infusion pipeline below, and a material box valve 9 is also installed on the infusion pipeline below the filter net 15.

[0013] Preferably, the infrared hot air drying system 2 includes a box body 16, a material rack 26 is installed inside the box body 16, infrared heating plates 30 and material trays 31 are alternately installed on the material rack 26, an infrared temperature sensor 29 is installed 10-50 mm above the material tray 31 to feedback the infrared heating temperature, the corresponding spacing between the infrared heating plates 30 and the material tray 31 is 30-80 mm, the heating temperature of each layer of infrared heating plates 30 can be adjusted independently, and the variation range is 40-300°C; a weighing sensor 19 is installed below the material rack 26 for real-time detection of material mass changes; and inclined feed pipes Ⅰ17a, feed pipes Ⅱ17b, feed pipes Ⅲ17c and feed pipes Ⅳ17d are installed above each layer of the material tray 31 in sequence.

[0014] Preferably, an air inlet duct 18 and a return air duct 27 are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the material rack 26; a fan 23 is installed below the material rack 26, and the wind speed of the fan 23 can be adjusted by a frequency converter, and the wind speed variation range is 0.2-10m / s; the air outlet of the fan 23 is connected to the air inlet duct 18 through the pipeline II, and the electric heating tube 22 and the hot air temperature sensor 21 are successively installed in the pipeline II, and the hot air temperature sensor 21 is connected to the temperature controller to adjust the hot air temperature, and the hot air range temperature variation range is 40-400℃; the return air outlet of the fan 23 is connected to the return air duct 27 through the pipeline III, and a ventilation valve 24 is installed on the pipeline III, and the pipeline III is connected to the steam generator 4 through the steam valve 25. An exhaust valve 28 is installed above the return air duct 27, and driven by the fan 23, the internal air circulates along the air flow direction 20.

[0015] Preferably, the control system 3 is installed on one side of the box body 16, and a touch screen 32 is installed on the control system 3 for inputting control parameters and displaying the switch status of each valve, infrared heating temperature, hot air temperature, wind speed and material quality. The touch screen 32 is connected to a controller to control the opening and closing of each valve, as well as the start and stop of the peristaltic pump 8, infrared heating plate 30, electric heating tube 22, fan 23 and steam generator 4.

[0016] The purpose of the present application is also to provide a high-quality grape drying method, comprising the following steps.

[0017] 1. Grape maturity classification.

[0018] a) Pick and remove the stems, leaves and other impurities in the grapes, and use a vibrating screen to select grapes of uniform size; open the feed door 14 and put the grapes into the material box 11. At this time, the grapes are located between the inclined nets III 12c and IV 12d.

[0019] b) Pour salt solutions with concentrations of [100, 130) g / L, [130-160) g / L, and [160-190) g / L into storage tank Ⅰ5a, storage tank Ⅱ5b, and storage tank Ⅲ5c respectively.

[0020] c) Open the liquid valve Ⅰ7a and the material box valve 9, and the rotary motors Ⅰ13a, Ⅱ13b and Ⅲ13c rotate forward, respectively driving the inclined nets Ⅰ12a, Ⅱ12b and Ⅲ12c to rotate, and stop after rotating 30°; start the peristaltic pump 8 to work forward, pump the salt solution in the liquid storage tank Ⅰ5a into the material box 11, and when the liquid level is 100-500mm higher than the upper end of the inclined net Ⅰ12a, close the liquid valve Ⅰ7a and the material box valve 9 to prevent liquid reflux ; After all the grapes with low density float up and float on the liquid surface, the rotating motor Ⅰ13a reverses to drive the inclined net Ⅰ12a to close; the peristaltic pump 8 is started to work in reverse, the liquid valve Ⅰ7a and the material box valve 9 are opened, and the salt solution is pumped from the material box 11 into the liquid storage tank Ⅰ5a; the discharge valve Ⅰ10a is opened, and under the action of its own gravity, the grape particles enter the corresponding material tray 31 from the inclined net Ⅰ12a through the discharge valve Ⅰ10a and the feed pipe Ⅰ17a in turn; after the feeding is completed, the discharge valve Ⅰ10a is closed.

[0021] d) Open the liquid valve II7b and the material box valve 9 again; start the peristaltic pump 8 to work in the forward direction, and pump the salt solution in the liquid storage tank II5b into the material box 11; at this time, the inclined net I12a is in a closed state. After the liquid level is 100-500mm higher than the uppermost end of the inclined net II12b, close the liquid valve II7b and the material box valve 9 to prevent the liquid from flowing back; after all the grapes with low density float up and float on the liquid surface, the rotary motor II13b reverses to drive the inclined net II12b to close; start the peristaltic pump 8 to work in the reverse direction, open the liquid valve II7b and the material box valve 9, and pump the salt solution from the material box 11 into the liquid storage tank II5b; open the discharge valve II10b, and under the action of its own gravity, the grapes enter the corresponding material tray 31 from the inclined net II12b through the discharge valve II10b and the feeding pipe II17b in turn; after the feeding is completed, close the discharge valve II10b.

[0022] e) Open the liquid valve III7c and the material box valve 9 again; start the peristaltic pump 8 to work in the forward direction, and pump the salt solution in the liquid storage tank III5c into the material box 11. At this time, the inclined net II12b is in a closed state. After the liquid level is 100-500mm higher than the uppermost end of the inclined net III12c, close the liquid valve III7c and the material box valve 9 to prevent the liquid from flowing back; after all the grapes with low density float up and float on the liquid surface, the rotary motor III13c reverses to drive the inclined net III12c to close; start the peristaltic pump 8 to work in the reverse direction, open the liquid valve III7c and the material box valve 9, and pump the salt solution from the material box 11 into the liquid storage tank III5c; open the discharge valve III10c, and under the action of its own gravity, the grapes enter the corresponding material tray 31 from the inclined net III12c through the discharge valve III10c and the feeding pipe III17c in turn; after the feeding is completed, close the discharge valve III10c.

[0023] f) Finally, the discharge valve IV10d is opened, and the grapes with the largest remaining density, under the action of their own gravity, enter the corresponding material tray 31 through the discharge valve IV10d and the feed pipe IV17d in sequence from the inclined net IV12d; after the feeding is completed, the discharge valve IV10d is closed.

[0024] 2. Blanch with high-temperature steam to inactivate enzymes.

[0025] Make the grapes on the tray 31 in a flat state; set the wind speed to 0.5-5m / s and turn on the fan 23; set the hot air temperature to 120-200℃ and turn on the electric heating tube 22; start the steam generator 4, and after the steam pressure reaches the rated value, open the steam valve 25, and after high-temperature steam blanching for 30-1200s, close the steam generator 4 and the steam valve 25.

[0026] 3. High temperature hot air dehumidification.

[0027] Set the wind speed to 0.5-5m / s and turn on the fan 23; set the hot air temperature to 40-150°C and turn on the electric heating tube 22; open the exhaust valve 28 and the ventilation valve 24 to dehumidify for 60-1200s, and then close the exhaust valve 28 and the ventilation valve 24.

[0028] 4. Infrared hot air drying.

[0029] Open the exhaust valve 28 and the ventilation valve 24; set the wind speed to 0.5-5m / s, and turn on the fan 23; set the hot air temperature to 40-150℃, and turn on the electric heating tube 22; set the heating temperature of the infrared heating plate to 40-150℃ layer by layer, and turn on the infrared heating plate 30; the weighing sensor 19 obtains the change in material mass, and measures the material mass at intervals of 10-30min. When the material mass change is less than 20g for two consecutive times, the infrared hot air drying is completed; close the exhaust valve 28, the ventilation valve 24 and the electric heating tube 22.

[0030] 5. High temperature infrared sterilization.

[0031] Open the exhaust valve 28; set the wind speed to 0.5-5m / s, and turn on the fan 23; set the hot air temperature to 40-150℃, and turn on the electric heating tube 22; set the heating temperature of the infrared heating plate to 80-200℃ layer by layer, and turn on the infrared heating plate 30; after high-temperature infrared heating sterilization for 10-600s, turn off the infrared heating plate 30; turn off the electric heating tube 22, and keep the fan 23 running. After cooling for 60-1200s, turn off the fan 23, take out the material, and the whole processing process is completed.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects.

[0033] 1) The present invention is particularly suitable for seedless white grapes and other grape varieties with high sugar content. It uses salt solutions of different concentrations to distinguish fresh grapes of different densities, realizes rapid and lossless classification based on internal quality, and has a fast grading speed.

[0034] 2) The present invention can complete the steps of grape sorting, high-temperature blanching and enzyme inactivation, infrared hot air drying and infrared sterilization at one time, and has the advantages of simple operation and high efficiency.

[0035] 3) Compared with the traditional method of corroding the skin of berry materials with alkali solution to increase the drying rate, the present invention has the advantages of no pollution, no chemical residue, safe and green. Compared with the traditional sun drying and hot air drying, the work process is fully automated, saving labor and time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the grape drying device of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flotation system in the grape drying device of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 3 The diagram is a schematic diagram of the structure of the infrared hot air system, the steam generator and the control system in the grape drying device of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 4-1 , 4-2 4-3 is a schematic diagram of the working process of the flotation system in the grape drying device of the present invention.

[0040] The reference numerals in the figures are .

[0041] 1-flotation system, 2-infrared hot air drying system, 3-control system, 4-steam generator, 5a-liquid storage tank Ⅰ, 5b-liquid storage tank Ⅱ, 5c-liquid storage tank Ⅲ, 6-drain valve, 7a-liquid valve Ⅰ, 7b-liquid valve Ⅱ, 7c-liquid valve Ⅲ, 8-peristaltic pump, 9-material box valve, 10a-discharge valve Ⅰ, 10b-discharge valve Ⅱ, 10c-discharge valve Ⅲ, 10d-discharge valve Ⅳ, 11-material box, 12a-inclined net Ⅰ, 12b-inclined net Ⅱ, 12c-inclined net Ⅲ, 12d-inclined net Ⅳ, 13a-rotating motor Ⅰ, 13b-rotating motor Ⅱ, 13c-rotating motor III, 13d-rotating motor IV, 14-feeding door, 15-filter, 16-box, 17a-feeding pipe I, 17b-feeding pipe II, 17c-feeding pipe III, 17d-feeding pipe IV, 18-air inlet duct, 19-weighing sensor, 20-air flow direction, 21-hot air temperature sensor, 22-electric heating pipe, 23-fan, 24-ventilation valve, 25-steam valve, 26-material rack, 27-return air duct, 28-exhaust valve, 29-infrared temperature sensor, 30-infrared heating plate, 31-material tray, 32-touch screen. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are listed below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to further describe the present invention in detail.

[0043] Reference Figure 1-3 A high-quality grape drying device comprises a flotation system 1, an infrared hot air drying system 2, a steam generator 4 and a control system 3, wherein the device is characterized in that, under the control of the control system 3, the flotation system 1, the infrared hot air drying system 2 and the steam generator 4 work together to complete the steps of grape sorting, high-temperature blanching and enzyme inactivation, infrared hot air drying and infrared sterilization at one time.

[0044] Preferably, the flotation system 1 includes a peristaltic pump 8, a material box 11 and a liquid storage tank. The liquid storage tanks are arranged in three rows and are respectively liquid storage tank I5a, liquid storage tank II5b and liquid storage tank III5c. The liquid storage tanks I5a, liquid storage tank II5b and liquid storage tank III5c are filled with salt solutions of different concentrations. The three liquid storage tanks are interconnected through the pipe I below. A drain valve 6 is installed at the end of the pipe I. The pipe I is connected to liquid valves I7a, liquid valves II7b and liquid valves III7c. The liquid valves I7a, liquid valves II7b and liquid valves III7c are arranged corresponding to the liquid storage tanks I5a, II5b and III5c respectively.

[0045] Preferably, one end of pipeline I away from the drain valve 6 is connected to the peristaltic pump 8, and the other end of the peristaltic pump 8 is connected to the material box 11 through an infusion pipeline. The peristaltic pump 8 is used to realize two-way transportation of the salt solution between the liquid storage tank and the material box 11; the density of the liquid salt solution in the liquid storage tank I5a, the liquid storage tank II5b, and the liquid storage tank III5c changes in a step-by-step manner.

[0046] Preferably, the inside of the material box 11 is sequentially installed with inclined nets Ⅰ12a, Ⅱ12b, Ⅲ12c and Ⅳ12d from top to bottom, and rotating motors Ⅰ13a, Ⅱ13b, Ⅲ13c and Ⅳ13d are respectively installed on the inclined nets Ⅰ12a, Ⅱ12b, Ⅲ12c and Ⅳ12d; and discharge valves Ⅰ10a, Ⅱ10b, Ⅲ10c and Ⅳ10d are correspondingly installed at the lower ends of the inclined nets Ⅰ12a, Ⅱ12b, Ⅲ12c and Ⅳ12d.

[0047] Preferably, the initial inclination angles of the inclined nets I 12a, II 12b, III 12c and IV 12d are 15-30°, and driven by the corresponding rotating motors, the inclination angles vary between 15-90°.

[0048] Preferably, a manually opened and closed feeding door 14 with good sealing performance is installed between the inclined net III 12c and the inclined net IV 12d, a filter net 15 is installed at the bottom of the material box 11 to prevent grapes and large particles of impurities from entering the infusion pipeline below, and a material box valve 9 is also installed on the infusion pipeline below the filter net 15.

[0049] Preferably, the infrared hot air drying system 2 includes a box body 16, a material rack 26 is installed inside the box body 16, infrared heating plates 30 and material trays 31 are alternately installed on the material rack 26, an infrared temperature sensor 29 is installed 10-50 mm above the material tray 31 to feedback the infrared heating temperature, the corresponding spacing between the infrared heating plates 30 and the material tray 31 is 30-80 mm, the heating temperature of each layer of infrared heating plates 30 can be adjusted independently, and the variation range is 40-300°C; a weighing sensor 19 is installed below the material rack 26 for real-time detection of material mass changes; and inclined feed pipes Ⅰ17a, feed pipes Ⅱ17b, feed pipes Ⅲ17c and feed pipes Ⅳ17d are installed above each layer of the material tray 31 in sequence.

[0050] Preferably, an air inlet duct 18 and a return air duct 27 are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the material rack 26; a fan 23 is installed below the material rack 26, and the wind speed of the fan 23 can be adjusted by a frequency converter, and the wind speed variation range is 0.2-10m / s; the air outlet of the fan 23 is connected to the air inlet duct 18 through the pipeline II, and the electric heating tube 22 and the hot air temperature sensor 21 are successively installed in the pipeline II, and the hot air temperature sensor 21 is connected to the temperature controller to adjust the hot air temperature, and the hot air range temperature variation range is 40-400℃; the return air outlet of the fan 23 is connected to the return air duct 27 through the pipeline III, and a ventilation valve 24 is installed on the pipeline III, and the pipeline III is connected to the steam generator 4 through the steam valve 25. An exhaust valve 28 is installed above the return air duct 27, and driven by the fan 23, the internal air circulates along the air flow direction 20.

[0051] Preferably, the control system 3 is installed on one side of the box body 16, and a touch screen 32 is installed on the control system 3 for inputting control parameters and displaying the switch status of each valve, infrared heating temperature, hot air temperature, wind speed and material quality. The touch screen 32 is connected to a controller to control the opening and closing of each valve, as well as the start and stop of the peristaltic pump 8, infrared heating plate 30, electric heating tube 22, fan 23 and steam generator 4.

[0052] A high-quality grape drying method comprises the following steps.

[0053] 1. Grape maturity classification.

[0054] a) Pick and remove the stems, leaves and other impurities in the grapes, and use a vibrating screen to select grapes of uniform size; open the feed door 14 and put the grapes into the material box 11. At this time, the grapes are located between the inclined nets III 12c and IV 12d.

[0055] b) Pour salt solutions with concentrations of [100, 130) g / L, [130-160) g / L, and [160-190) g / L into storage tank Ⅰ5a, storage tank Ⅱ5b, and storage tank Ⅲ5c respectively.

[0056] c) Open the liquid valve Ⅰ7a and the material box valve 9, and the rotary motors Ⅰ13a, Ⅱ13b and Ⅲ13c rotate forward, respectively driving the inclined nets Ⅰ12a, Ⅱ12b and Ⅲ12c to rotate, and stop after rotating 30°; start the peristaltic pump 8 to work forward, pump the salt solution in the liquid storage tank Ⅰ5a into the material box 11, and when the liquid level is 100-500mm higher than the upper end of the inclined net Ⅰ12a, close the liquid valve Ⅰ7a and the material box valve 9 to prevent liquid reflux ; After all the grapes with low density float up and float on the liquid surface, the rotating motor Ⅰ13a reverses to drive the inclined net Ⅰ12a to close; the peristaltic pump 8 is started to work in reverse, the liquid valve Ⅰ7a and the material box valve 9 are opened, and the salt solution is pumped from the material box 11 into the liquid storage tank Ⅰ5a; the discharge valve Ⅰ10a is opened, and under the action of its own gravity, the grape particles enter the corresponding material tray 31 from the inclined net Ⅰ12a through the discharge valve Ⅰ10a and the feed pipe Ⅰ17a in turn; after the feeding is completed, the discharge valve Ⅰ10a is closed.

[0057] d) Open the liquid valve II7b and the material box valve 9 again; start the peristaltic pump 8 to work in the forward direction, and pump the salt solution in the liquid storage tank II5b into the material box 11; at this time, the inclined net I12a is in a closed state. After the liquid level is 100-500mm higher than the uppermost end of the inclined net II12b, close the liquid valve II7b and the material box valve 9 to prevent the liquid from flowing back; after all the grapes with low density float up and float on the liquid surface, the rotary motor II13b reverses to drive the inclined net II12b to close; start the peristaltic pump 8 to work in the reverse direction, open the liquid valve II7b and the material box valve 9, and pump the salt solution from the material box 11 into the liquid storage tank II5b; open the discharge valve II10b, and under the action of its own gravity, the grapes enter the corresponding material tray 31 from the inclined net II12b through the discharge valve II10b and the feeding pipe II17b in turn; after the feeding is completed, close the discharge valve II10b.

[0058] e) Open the liquid valve III7c and the material box valve 9 again; start the peristaltic pump 8 to work in the forward direction, and pump the salt solution in the liquid storage tank III5c into the material box 11. At this time, the inclined net II12b is in a closed state. After the liquid level is 100-500mm higher than the uppermost end of the inclined net III12c, close the liquid valve III7c and the material box valve 9 to prevent the liquid from flowing back; after all the grapes with low density float up and float on the liquid surface, the rotary motor III13c reverses to drive the inclined net III12c to close; start the peristaltic pump 8 to work in the reverse direction, open the liquid valve III7c and the material box valve 9, and pump the salt solution from the material box 11 into the liquid storage tank III5c; open the discharge valve III10c, and under the action of its own gravity, the grapes enter the corresponding material tray 31 from the inclined net III12c through the discharge valve III10c and the feeding pipe III17c in turn; after the feeding is completed, close the discharge valve III10c.

[0059] f) Finally, the discharge valve IV10d is opened, and the grapes with the largest remaining density, under the action of their own gravity, enter the corresponding material tray 31 through the discharge valve IV10d and the feed pipe IV17d in sequence from the inclined net IV12d; after the feeding is completed, the discharge valve IV10d is closed.

[0060] 2. Blanch with high-temperature steam to inactivate enzymes.

[0061] Make the grapes on the tray 31 in a flat state; set the wind speed to 0.5-5m / s and turn on the fan 23; set the hot air temperature to 120-200℃ and turn on the electric heating tube 22; start the steam generator 4, and after the steam pressure reaches the rated value, open the steam valve 25, and after high-temperature steam blanching for 30-1200s, close the steam generator 4 and the steam valve 25.

[0062] 3. High temperature hot air dehumidification.

[0063] Set the wind speed to 0.5-5m / s and turn on the fan 23; set the hot air temperature to 40-150°C and turn on the electric heating tube 22; open the exhaust valve 28 and the ventilation valve 24 to dehumidify for 60-1200s, and then close the exhaust valve 28 and the ventilation valve 24.

[0064] 4. Infrared hot air drying.

[0065] Open the exhaust valve 28 and the ventilation valve 24; set the wind speed to 0.5-5m / s, and turn on the fan 23; set the hot air temperature to 40-150℃, and turn on the electric heating tube 22; set the heating temperature of the infrared heating plate to 40-150℃ layer by layer, and turn on the infrared heating plate 30; the weighing sensor 19 obtains the change in material mass, and measures the material mass at intervals of 10-30min. When the material mass change is less than 20g for two consecutive times, the infrared hot air drying is completed; close the exhaust valve 28, the ventilation valve 24 and the electric heating tube 22.

[0066] 5. High temperature infrared sterilization.

[0067] Open the exhaust valve 28; set the wind speed to 0.5-5m / s, and turn on the fan 23; set the hot air temperature to 40-150℃, and turn on the electric heating tube 22; set the heating temperature of the infrared heating plate to 80-200℃ layer by layer, and turn on the infrared heating plate 30; after high-temperature infrared heating sterilization for 10-600s, turn off the infrared heating plate 30; turn off the electric heating tube 22, and keep the fan 23 running. After cooling for 60-1200s, turn off the fan 23, take out the material, and the whole processing process is completed.

[0068] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are listed below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to further describe the present invention in detail.

[0069] A high-quality grape drying device mainly comprises a flotation system 1, an infrared hot air drying system 2, a steam generator 4, and a control system 3, wherein Figure 1 As shown, the flotation system 1 is mainly composed of a liquid storage tank, a peristaltic pump 8, and a material box 11. Three liquid storage tanks are arranged side by side, which are liquid storage tank I5a, liquid storage tank II5b, and liquid storage tank III5c, respectively, and are filled with salt solutions of different concentrations. The pipes below are interconnected, and a drain valve 6 is installed at the end, and liquid valve I7a, liquid valve II7b, and liquid valve III7c are connected in sequence; the other end of the pipe is connected to the peristaltic pump 8, and the peristaltic pump 8 can realize bidirectional transportation of the salt solution between the liquid storage tank and the material box 11; the density of the liquid salt solution in the liquid storage tank I5a, the liquid storage tank II5b, and the liquid storage tank III5c changes in a step-by-step manner.

[0070] The material box 11 is internally installed with inclined nets Ⅰ12a, Ⅱ12b, Ⅲ12c and Ⅳ12d, and correspondingly installed with rotating motors Ⅰ13a, Ⅱ13b, Ⅲ13c and Ⅳ13d; the initial inclination angle of the inclined net 12 is 15-30°, and the lower end is correspondingly installed with discharge valves Ⅰ10a, Ⅱ10b, Ⅲ10c and Ⅳ10d; driven by the rotating motor 13, the angle of the inclined net 12 can be changed between 15-90°. A feed door 14 is installed between the inclined nets Ⅲ12c and Ⅳ12d, which can be opened manually and has good sealing performance; a filter net 15 is installed at the bottom of the material box 11 to prevent grapes and large particles from entering the infusion pipeline below, and a material box valve 9 is also installed below the filter net 15.

[0071] like Figure 2As shown, the infrared hot air drying system 2 is mainly composed of a box 16, a fan 23, an infrared heating plate 30, and a material tray 31. A material rack 26 is installed inside the box 16, and infrared heating plates 30 and material trays 31 are alternately installed on the material rack 26. An infrared temperature sensor 29 is installed 10-50 mm above the material tray to feedback the infrared heating temperature. The infrared heating plate 30 and the material tray 31 are 50 mm apart. The heating temperature of each layer of infrared heating plates 30 can be independently adjusted, and the range of variation is 40-300°C; a weighing sensor 19 is installed below the material rack 26 to detect changes in material quality; above each layer of the material tray 31, inclined feed pipes Ⅰ17a, feed pipes Ⅱ17b, feed pipes Ⅲ17c, and feed pipes Ⅳ17d are installed in sequence, and the left and right sides of the material rack 26 are respectively installed with air inlet ducts 18 and return air ducts 27; A fan 23 is installed below the rack 26. The wind speed of the fan 23 can be adjusted by a frequency converter, and the wind speed range is 0.2-10m / s. The air outlet of the fan 23 is connected to the air inlet duct 18 through a pipeline. The electric heating pipe 22 and the hot air temperature sensor 21 are installed in the pipeline in sequence. The hot air temperature sensor 21 is connected to the temperature controller and can adjust the hot air temperature. The hot air range is 40-400℃. The return air outlet of the fan 23 is connected to the return air duct 27 through a pipeline. The ventilating valve 24 is installed on the pipeline, and the steam generator 4 is connected through the steam valve 25. Driven by the fan 23, the internal air can circulate along the air flow direction 20. An exhaust valve 28 is installed above the return air duct 27.

[0072] The control system 3 is installed on one side of the box 16, and a touch screen 32 is installed on it, which can input control parameters and display parameters such as the switch status of each valve, infrared heating temperature, hot air temperature, wind speed, material quality, etc. The touch screen 32 is connected to a controller, which can control the opening and closing of each valve, as well as the start and stop of the peristaltic pump 8, infrared heating plate 30, electric heating tube 22, fan 23, and steam generator 4.

[0073] A high-quality grape drying method comprises the following steps.

[0074] 1. Grape maturity classification.

[0075] a) Pick and remove the stems, leaves and other impurities in the grapes, and use a vibrating screen to select grapes of uniform size; open the feed door 14 and put the grapes into the material box 11. At this time, the grapes are located between the inclined nets III 12c and IV 12d.

[0076] b) Pour salt solutions with concentrations of [100, 130) g / L, [130-160) g / L, and [160-190) g / L into storage tank Ⅰ5a, storage tank Ⅱ5b, and storage tank Ⅲ5c respectively.

[0077] c) Open the liquid valve Ⅰ7a and the material box valve 9, and the rotary motors Ⅰ13a, Ⅱ13b and Ⅲ13c rotate forward, respectively driving the inclined nets Ⅰ12a, Ⅱ12b and Ⅲ12c to rotate, and stop after rotating 30°; start the peristaltic pump 8 to work forward, pump the salt solution in the liquid storage tank Ⅰ5a into the material box 11, and when the liquid level is 100-500mm higher than the upper end of the inclined net Ⅰ12a, close the liquid valve Ⅰ7a and the material box valve 9 to prevent liquid reflux ; After all the grapes with low density float up and float on the liquid surface, the rotating motor Ⅰ13a reverses to drive the inclined net Ⅰ12a to close; the peristaltic pump 8 is started to work in reverse, the liquid valve Ⅰ7a and the material box valve 9 are opened, and the salt solution is pumped from the material box 11 into the liquid storage tank Ⅰ5a; the discharge valve Ⅰ10a is opened, and under the action of its own gravity, the grape particles enter the corresponding material tray 31 from the inclined net Ⅰ12a through the discharge valve Ⅰ10a and the feed pipe Ⅰ17a in turn; after the feeding is completed, the discharge valve Ⅰ10a is closed.

[0078] d) Open the liquid valve II7b and the material box valve 9 again; start the peristaltic pump 8 to work in the forward direction, and pump the salt solution in the liquid storage tank II5b into the material box 11; at this time, the inclined net I12a is in a closed state. After the liquid level is 100-500mm higher than the uppermost end of the inclined net II12b, close the liquid valve II7b and the material box valve 9 to prevent the liquid from flowing back; after all the grapes with low density float up and float on the liquid surface, the rotary motor II13b reverses to drive the inclined net II12b to close; start the peristaltic pump 8 to work in the reverse direction, open the liquid valve II7b and the material box valve 9, and pump the salt solution from the material box 11 into the liquid storage tank II5b; open the discharge valve II10b, and under the action of its own gravity, the grapes enter the corresponding material tray 31 from the inclined net II12b through the discharge valve II10b and the feeding pipe II17b in turn; after the feeding is completed, close the discharge valve II10b.

[0079] e) Open the liquid valve III7c and the material box valve 9 again; start the peristaltic pump 8 to work in the forward direction, and pump the salt solution in the liquid storage tank III5c into the material box 11. At this time, the inclined net II12b is in a closed state. After the liquid level is 100-500mm higher than the uppermost end of the inclined net III12c, close the liquid valve III7c and the material box valve 9 to prevent the liquid from flowing back; after all the grapes with low density float up and float on the liquid surface, the rotary motor III13c reverses to drive the inclined net III12c to close; start the peristaltic pump 8 to work in the reverse direction, open the liquid valve III7c and the material box valve 9, and pump the salt solution from the material box 11 into the liquid storage tank III5c; open the discharge valve III10c, and under the action of its own gravity, the grapes enter the corresponding material tray 31 from the inclined net III12c through the discharge valve III10c and the feeding pipe III17c in turn; after the feeding is completed, close the discharge valve III10c.

[0080] f) Finally, the discharge valve IV10d is opened, and the grapes with the largest remaining density, under the action of their own gravity, enter the corresponding material tray 31 through the discharge valve IV10d and the feed pipe IV17d in sequence from the inclined net IV12d; after the feeding is completed, the discharge valve IV10d is closed.

[0081] 2. Blanch with high-temperature steam to inactivate enzymes.

[0082] Make the grapes on the tray 31 in a flat state; set the wind speed to 0.5-5m / s and turn on the fan 23; set the hot air temperature to 120-200℃ and turn on the electric heating tube 22; start the steam generator 4, and after the steam pressure reaches the rated value, open the steam valve 25, and after high-temperature steam blanching for 30-1200s, close the steam generator 4 and the steam valve 25.

[0083] 3. High temperature hot air dehumidification.

[0084] Set the wind speed to 0.5-5m / s and turn on the fan 23; set the hot air temperature to 40-150°C and turn on the electric heating tube 22; open the exhaust valve 28 and the ventilation valve 24 to dehumidify for 60-1200s, and then close the exhaust valve 28 and the ventilation valve 24.

[0085] 4. Infrared hot air drying.

[0086] Open the exhaust valve 28 and the ventilation valve 24; set the wind speed to 0.5-5m / s, and turn on the fan 23; set the hot air temperature to 40-150℃, and turn on the electric heating tube 22; set the heating temperature of the infrared heating plate to 40-150℃ layer by layer, and turn on the infrared heating plate 30; the weighing sensor 19 obtains the change in material mass, and measures the material mass at intervals of 10-30min. When the material mass change is less than 20g for two consecutive times, the infrared hot air drying is completed; close the exhaust valve 28, the ventilation valve 24 and the electric heating tube 22.

[0087] 5. High temperature infrared sterilization.

[0088] Open the exhaust valve 28; set the wind speed to 0.5-5m / s, and turn on the fan 23; set the hot air temperature to 40-150℃, and turn on the electric heating tube 22; set the heating temperature of the infrared heating plate to 80-200℃ layer by layer, and turn on the infrared heating plate 30; after high-temperature infrared heating sterilization for 10-600s, turn off the infrared heating plate 30; turn off the electric heating tube 22, and keep the fan 23 running. After cooling for 60-1200s, turn off the fan 23, take out the material, and the whole processing process is completed.

[0089] Finally, it should be pointed out that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, a person skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments can still be modified, or some of the technical features can be replaced by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-quality grape drying device, comprising a flotation system, an infrared hot air drying system, a steam generator and a control system, characterized in that: Under the control of the control system, the flotation system, infrared hot air drying system and steam generator work together to complete the grape sorting, high-temperature blanching and enzyme inactivation, infrared hot air drying and infrared sterilization steps at one time; The flotation system includes a peristaltic pump, a material box and a liquid storage tank. The liquid storage tanks are arranged in three parallel rows, namely liquid storage tank I, liquid storage tank II and liquid storage tank III. The liquid storage tanks I, II and III are filled with salt solutions of different concentrations. The three liquid storage tanks are interconnected through a pipe I below. A drain valve is installed at the end of pipe I. Pipe I is connected to liquid valves I, II and III. Liquid valves I, II and III are arranged corresponding to liquid storage tanks I, II and III respectively. The end of pipeline I away from the drain valve is connected to the peristaltic pump, and the other end of the peristaltic pump is connected to the material box through the infusion pipeline. The peristaltic pump is used to realize the bidirectional transportation of the salt solution between the liquid storage tank and the material box; the density of the liquid salt solution in the liquid storage tank I, the liquid storage tank II, and the liquid storage tank III changes in a step-by-step manner; Inside the material box, inclined nets Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ are installed from top to bottom in sequence, and rotating motors Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ are installed on the inclined nets Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ respectively; discharge valves Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ are installed at the lower ends of the inclined nets Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ respectively; The initial tilt angles of the tilt nets I, II, III and IV are 15-30°, and driven by the corresponding rotating motors, the tilt angles vary between 15-90°; The infrared hot air drying system includes a box body, a material rack is installed inside the box body, infrared heating plates and material trays are alternately installed on the material rack, an infrared temperature sensor is installed 10-50mm above the material tray to feedback the infrared heating temperature, the corresponding spacing between the infrared heating plate and the material tray is 30-80mm, and the heating temperature of each layer of infrared heating plate can be adjusted independently, with a range of 40-300℃; a weighing sensor is installed under the material rack for real-time detection of material quality changes; inclined feed pipes I, II, III and IV are installed above each layer of the material tray in sequence; Air inlet duct and return air duct are installed on the left and right sides of the rack respectively; a fan is installed under the rack, and the wind speed of the fan can be adjusted by a frequency converter, and the wind speed range is 0.2-10m / s; the air outlet of the fan is connected to the air inlet duct through pipe II, and electric heating pipes and hot air temperature sensors are installed in pipe II in turn. The hot air temperature sensor is connected to a temperature controller to adjust the hot air temperature, and the hot air temperature range is 40-400℃; the return air outlet of the fan is connected to the return air duct through pipe III, and a ventilation valve is installed on pipe III. Pipe III is connected to the steam generator through a steam valve, and an exhaust valve is installed above the return air duct. Driven by the fan, the internal air circulates along the airflow direction.

2. A high-quality grape drying device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A manually opened and closed feeding door with good sealing performance is installed between rotating motor III and rotating motor IV. A filter is installed at the bottom of the material box to prevent grapes and large particles from entering the infusion pipeline below. A material box valve is also installed on the infusion pipeline below the filter.

3. The high-quality grape drying device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The control system is installed on one side of the box. A touch screen is installed on the control system for inputting control parameters and displaying the switch status of each valve, infrared heating temperature, hot air temperature, wind speed and material quality. The touch screen is connected to a controller to control the opening and closing of each valve, as well as the start and stop of the peristaltic pump, infrared heating plate, electric heating tube, fan and steam generator.

4. A high-quality grape drying method, implemented based on the high-quality grape drying device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The steps include:

1. Grape maturity classification a) Pick and remove the stems, leaves and other impurities from the grapes, and use a vibrating screen to select grapes of uniform size; open the feed door and put the grapes into the material box. At this time, the grapes are located between the inclined nets III and IV; b) Pour salt solutions with concentrations of [100-130) g / L, [130-160) g / L, and [160-190) g / L into liquid storage tanks I, II, and III respectively; c) Open the liquid valve I and the material box valve, and rotate the rotary motors I, II and III forward to drive the inclined nets I, II and III to rotate respectively, and stop after rotating 30°; start the peristaltic pump to work forward to pump the salt solution in the liquid storage tank I into the material box, and when the liquid level is 100-500mm higher than the upper end of the inclined net I, close the liquid valve I and the material box valve to prevent the liquid from flowing back; when all the grapes with low density float up and float on the liquid surface, rotate the rotary motor I in reverse to drive the inclined net I to close; Start the peristaltic pump to work in reverse, open the liquid valve Ⅰ and the material tank valve, and pump the salt solution from the material tank into the liquid storage tank Ⅰ; Open the discharge valve Ⅰ, and under the action of its own gravity, the grapes will enter the corresponding material tray from the inclined net Ⅰ through the discharge valve Ⅰ and the feeding pipe Ⅰ in turn; after the feeding is completed, close the discharge valve Ⅰ; d) Open the liquid valve II and the material box valve again; start the peristaltic pump to work in the forward direction, and pump the salt solution in the liquid storage tank II into the material box; at this time, the inclined net I is in a closed state. When the liquid level is 100-500mm higher than the upper end of the inclined net II, close the liquid valve II and the material box valve to prevent liquid backflow; when all the grapes with low density float up and float on the liquid surface, the rotating motor II reverses to drive the inclined net II to close; Start the peristaltic pump to work in reverse, open the liquid valve II and the material tank valve, and pump the salt solution from the material tank into the liquid storage tank II; Open the discharge valve II. Under the action of gravity, the grapes will enter the corresponding material tray from the inclined net II through the discharge valve II and the feeding pipe II in sequence. After the feeding is completed, close the discharge valve II. e) Open the liquid valve III and the material box valve again; start the peristaltic pump to work in the forward direction, and pump the salt solution in the liquid storage tank III into the material box. At this time, the inclined net II is in a closed state. After the liquid level is 100-500mm higher than the upper end of the inclined net III, close the liquid valve III and the material box valve to prevent liquid backflow; after all the grapes with low density float up and float on the liquid surface, the rotating motor III is reversed to drive the inclined net III to close; Start the peristaltic pump to work in reverse, open the liquid valve III and the material tank valve, and pump the salt solution from the material tank into the liquid storage tank III; Open the discharge valve III. Under the action of gravity, the grapes will enter the corresponding material tray from the inclined net III through the discharge valve III and the feed pipe III in turn. After the feeding is completed, close the discharge valve III. f) Finally, the discharge valve IV is opened, and the grapes with the largest remaining density, under the action of their own gravity, are fed into the corresponding feed tray from the inclined net IV through the discharge valve IV and the feed pipe IV in sequence; after the feeding is completed, the discharge valve IV is closed; 2. High temperature steam blanching to inactivate enzymes Make the grapes on the tray flat; set the wind speed to 0.5-5m / s and turn on the fan; set the hot air temperature to 120-200℃ and turn on the electric heating tube; start the steam generator, and open the steam valve after the steam pressure reaches the rated value; after high-temperature steam blanching for 30-1200s, close the steam generator and steam valve; 3. High temperature hot air dehumidification Set the wind speed to 0.5-5m / s and turn on the fan; set the hot air temperature to 40-150℃ and turn on the electric heating tube; open the exhaust valve and ventilation valve to dehumidify for 60-1200s, then close the exhaust valve and ventilation valve; 4. Infrared hot air drying Open the exhaust valve and ventilation valve; set the wind speed to 0.5-5m / s and turn on the fan; set the hot air temperature to 40-150℃ and turn on the electric heating tube; set the heating temperature of the infrared heating plate to 40-150℃ layer by layer and turn on the infrared heating plate; the weighing sensor obtains the change in material mass, and measures the material mass at intervals of 10-30min. When the material mass change is less than 20g for two consecutive times, the infrared hot air drying is completed; close the exhaust valve, ventilation valve and electric heating tube; 5. High temperature infrared sterilization Open the exhaust valve; set the wind speed to 0.5-5m / s and turn on the fan; set the hot air temperature to 40-150℃ and turn on the electric heating tube; set the heating temperature of the infrared heating plate to 80-200℃ layer by layer and turn on the infrared heating plate; after high-temperature infrared heating sterilization for 10-600s, turn off the infrared heating plate; turn off the electric heating tube, keep the fan running, cool for 60-1200s, turn off the fan, take out the material, and the whole processing process is completed.

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