Project multi-stage oriented building energy system carbon emission simulation method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a project multi-stage-oriented building energy system carbon emission simulation method and system, which carries out dynamic simulation of energy consumption and carbon emission of building subsystems, energy consumption subsystems and renewable energy supply subsystems in four stages of planning and preliminary design, construction drawing design, construction installation and commissioning and operation and maintenance of a construction project. The application can establish building energy system models with different degrees of precision in a Modelica simulation environment according to the granularity of input data at different stages of the project cycle; through the construction of a component model library and the establishment of a dynamic updating mechanism of the system simulation model, the construction project multi-stage data source is connected, and the current operation carbon emission calculation tool is supplemented in the aspect of assisting multi-professional low-carbon design; based on the FMI standard, a three-dimensional building heat transfer model and a device control model are coupled, the building operation and regulation strategy can be flexibly constructed for a real operation and maintenance scene, and the problem that the current operation carbon emission calculation tool is difficult to reflect the actual operation condition of the system is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building energy system simulation, specifically relating to a method and system for simulating carbon emissions from building energy systems across multiple project phases. Background Technology

[0002] According to statistics from the my country Building Energy Conservation Association, current building operation energy consumption and its resulting carbon emissions account for over 20% of the total social energy consumption in China. This is primarily to ensure the normal operation of different equipment and subsystems within building energy systems and to maintain a reasonable indoor thermal and humidity environment. With the promulgation of the "General Specification for Building Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Utilization GB 55015-2021," building projects after April 2022 are required to conduct mandatory analysis of building energy consumption, renewable energy utilization, and carbon emissions during the preliminary design phase. Furthermore, the construction drawing design phase must clearly define the technical requirements for building energy conservation measures and the operation and management of renewable energy utilization systems. Therefore, establishing energy consumption simulation and carbon emission calculation tools that reflect the actual operation of building energy systems is urgently needed and is a prerequisite for controlling carbon emissions from building energy systems, significantly contributing to the achievement of the "dual carbon" strategic goals.

[0003] Current carbon emission calculation tools for building energy systems are mostly developed based on simulation engines such as Energyplus. Load parameters such as cooling and heating energy density and key equipment operation parameters such as energy efficiency ratios typically use static values ​​recommended by standards such as the "Building Carbon Emission Calculation Standard GB_T51366-2019," which are then modified using empirical formulas. Meanwhile, building operation control strategies are relatively simple, primarily relying on occupant activity schedules and equipment start-up and shutdown controls. Temperature, humidity, and per capita fresh air volume control targets are mostly set using design conditions under typical scenarios. Therefore, existing carbon emission calculation tools struggle to reflect the dynamic changes in equipment operating efficiency and the dynamic adjustment process of the indoor environment under automatic control conditions such as variable frequency drives. This discrepancy with real-world operation and maintenance scenarios makes it difficult to support the evaluation of green buildings and the quantitative assessment of energy conservation and emission reduction potential.

[0004] On the other hand, current calculations of building operation carbon emissions are mostly completed during the planning and design phase, providing preliminary suggestions for equipment selection such as chillers and the installed capacity of renewable power sources such as photovoltaic panels through load calculations. The primary aim is to address the needs of engineering consulting for carbon emission compliance assessments; therefore, building energy consumption models are not continuously refined and improved as the project progresses. This results in existing energy consumption and carbon emission accounting models being unable to be used by HVAC, plumbing, and other specialized design engineers for equipment operation testing during the construction drawing design phase.

[0005] The patent "Intelligent Management and Control Cloud for Energy Systems in Public Buildings" (application number 201811080550.3) proposes an energy management and control platform for public buildings, capable of optimizing energy system operation using artificial intelligence and energy system simulation technology. However, the energy system modeling described in this invention only proposes a framework without specific implementation methods and simulation processes; its purpose focuses on developing a communication protocol that can integrate multiple types of energy data to conduct equipment energy efficiency diagnosis. The patent "An Adaptive Optimization Method for Building Energy Systems Based on EnergyPlus" (202111261924.3) proposes an adaptive optimization method for energy systems based on EnergyPlus energy consumption simulation and reinforcement learning strategies. However, its established energy consumption simulation model aims to control and optimize the operation phase, making it difficult to serve rapid carbon emission assessment in the planning and design phase, and its decision variables focus on power dispatch.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to establish a dynamic simulation system for carbon emissions of building energy systems that can connect multiple stages of construction projects. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for simulating carbon emissions from building energy systems across multiple project phases. Following the actual project lifecycle, carbon emission system simulations are conducted in four phases: planning and preliminary design (P1), construction drawing design (P2), construction, installation and commissioning (P3), and operation and maintenance (P4), thereby meeting the low-carbon energy efficiency evaluation needs of different professionals throughout the entire process. First, a modeling toolchain is established based on the FMI (Functional Mock-up Interface) standard to achieve modular modeling. Then, considering the granularity of input data at different stages, the challenge of rapid energy consumption simulation and carbon emission analysis under conditions of incomplete data is addressed.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0009] A method for simulating carbon emissions from building energy systems across multiple project phases, characterized by the following steps:

[0010] Carbon emission simulations of building energy systems were conducted at each stage of the construction project. Based on the carbon emission simulation results of each stage, the energy and carbon emissions of each stage were statistically analyzed. The construction project includes four stages: planning and preliminary design stage P1, construction drawing design stage P2, construction, installation and commissioning stage P3, and operation and maintenance stage P4. The carbon emission simulation of building energy systems at each stage includes three steps: data input, system modeling, and system simulation.

[0011] Data input covers the building subsystem, energy consumption subsystem, and renewable energy supply subsystem of the building energy system. Within the building subsystem, input data in stages P1 to P3 includes building, structural, and piping design parameters. In the energy consumption subsystem, input data in stages P1 to P3 includes operating parameters of energy-consuming equipment. In the renewable energy supply subsystem, input data in stages P1 to P3 includes operating parameters of renewable energy equipment and meteorological parameters. Input data in stage P4 includes measured data from each subsystem. Within each subsystem, the input data in stages P1 to P3 is gradually improved and becomes more accurate as the construction project progresses.

[0012] In system modeling, the input of the building subsystem drives the construction of the three-dimensional heat transfer model of the building and is used to simulate the building's thermal and moisture load in system simulation; the input of the energy consumption subsystem drives the construction of the energy consumption equipment model and is used to simulate the energy consumption of the energy consumption equipment in system simulation; the input of the renewable energy supply subsystem drives the construction of the renewable energy supply equipment model and is used to calculate the amount of fossil energy substitution in system simulation.

[0013] Finally, by combining the results of system simulation at each stage, the carbon emissions of the building energy system at each stage are obtained based on the energy carbon emission factor data.

[0014] Furthermore, in system modeling and system simulation, stages P1 and P2 focus on rapidly establishing a Modelica building thermal zone model based on FMI; stage P3 establishes a more detailed equipment and control model based on the model in stage P2; stage P4 adjusts the model parameters in stage P3 based on the simulation results output in stage P3 and the comparison with measured data, thereby continuously improving the model accuracy.

[0015] Furthermore, energy-consuming equipment includes heating, ventilation and air conditioning, domestic hot water, lighting, and elevators; renewable energy supply equipment includes photovoltaic power generation, solar water heating, and wind power generation.

[0016] Furthermore, in the data input, the building subsystem input data in the P1 stage includes overall building planning information, shape parameters, thermal parameters, and environmental meteorological parameters, which are used to build a three-dimensional heat transfer model of the building subsystem. Under the FMI standard interface framework, the output file of the three-dimensional heat transfer model of the building is mapped to the input parameters of the system simulation model, thereby simulating the building's heat and humidity load in the Modelica thermal zone model. The energy consumption subsystem input data consists of energy efficiency-related parameters determined according to the energy-saving design standards and industry specifications for HVAC, domestic hot water, lighting, and elevator equipment, combined with the above load calculations to calculate the operating energy consumption of the equipment. The renewable energy supply subsystem calculates the solar water heating output and photovoltaic and wind power generation output based on the basic information of photovoltaic power generation, solar water heating, and wind power generation equipment and meteorological file input.

[0017] Furthermore, in terms of data input, the building subsystem input in Phase P2, based on Phase P1, adds differentiated environmental control requirements based on thermal zoning. That is, users quickly input the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of the load in the form of tables. The energy consumption subsystem data input is further refined based on Phase P1: for HVAC equipment, a Modelica functional model including seasonal temperature / operating time control is established; for domestic hot water, lighting, and elevator components, the rated power of the selected equipment and the number of operating hours are used to calculate the operating energy consumption; the renewable energy supply subsystem sets efficiency curves based on the equipment capacity determined in Phase P1 to improve the accuracy of power generation and heat generation calculations.

[0018] Furthermore, in the data input, the building subsystem input in the P3 stage adds the flow layout of the wind and water systems according to the system schematic diagram; the energy consumption subsystem and the renewable energy supply subsystem add equipment dynamic operation characteristic curves and control logic, and on the basis of modeling under the rated operating conditions in the P2 stage, establish Modelica component models of cold and heat sources, air conditioning terminals and roof photovoltaic equipment, and carry out system simulation of dynamic load and energy consumption throughout the year.

[0019] Furthermore, the measured data includes indoor environmental variables of the building subsystem and equipment operating status variables of the energy consumption subsystem and the renewable energy supply subsystem.

[0020] Furthermore, the data transfer interface between the measured variables and the simulation model is written using the Modelica hardware driver model library, and the simulation results are visualized as charts in the user interface through Modelica code statements.

[0021] Furthermore, energy statistics are performed based on simulation results, including mains electricity, domestic hot water, natural gas, coal, oil, and district heating / cooling.

[0022] A carbon emission simulation system for building energy systems in a multi-stage project-oriented manner for implementing the carbon emission simulation method for building energy systems in a multi-stage project-oriented manner as described above, comprising three modules: data input, system modeling, and system simulation.

[0023] Carbon emission simulations of building energy systems were conducted at each stage of the construction project. Based on the carbon emission simulation results of each stage, the energy and carbon emissions of each stage were statistically analyzed. The construction project includes four stages: planning and preliminary design stage P1, construction drawing design stage P2, construction, installation and commissioning stage P3, and operation and maintenance stage P4.

[0024] The data input module covers the building subsystem, energy consumption subsystem, and renewable energy supply subsystem of the building energy system. Within the building subsystem, input data in stages P1 to P3 includes building, structural, and piping design parameters. In the energy consumption subsystem, input data in stages P1 to P3 includes operating parameters of energy-consuming equipment. In the renewable energy supply subsystem, input data in stages P1 to P3 includes operating parameters of renewable energy equipment and meteorological parameters. Input data in stage P4 includes measured data from each subsystem. Within each subsystem, the input data in stages P1 to P3 is gradually improved and becomes more accurate as the construction project progresses.

[0025] In the system modeling module, the input of the building subsystem drives the construction of the three-dimensional heat transfer model of the building and is used to simulate the building's thermal and moisture load in the system simulation module; the input of the energy consumption subsystem drives the construction of the energy-consuming equipment model and is used to simulate the energy consumption of the energy-consuming equipment in the system simulation module; the input of the renewable energy supply subsystem drives the construction of the renewable energy supply equipment model and is used to calculate the fossil energy substitution amount in the system simulation module.

[0026] Finally, by combining the results of the system simulation modules at each stage, the carbon emissions of the building energy system at each stage are obtained based on the energy carbon emission factor data.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0028] This invention includes a carbon emission simulation model for both preliminary planning and construction drawings, encompassing Modelica equipment components and their control model, as well as an EnergyPlus 3D building heat transfer model. It describes the fluid transients in each subsystem using a system of differential-algebraic equations, and allows for flexible programming of control equations by the user's automatic control logic. This enables dynamic simulation of the interactions between subsystems and the operating conditions of equipment under diverse control strategies. Therefore, this invention addresses the practical needs of operation and maintenance scenarios, is not limited by steady-state assumptions, and improves the realism and accuracy of energy consumption and carbon emission simulations.

[0029] Existing carbon emission calculation tools for building operations, geared towards practical engineering applications, typically rely on a single building energy consumption model to create calculation templates. Users, such as green building designers, need to collect a complete set of parameters to complete carbon emission compliance checks. When the quantity and quality of input data are insufficient, rough estimates or default values ​​are often required, and the lack of a model update mechanism increases the workload for users in the preliminary design phase and leads to deviations in simulation results. The modeling and simulation platform framework proposed in this invention enables multi-stage energy consumption simulation as the project progresses by customizing models for different stages. It establishes carbon emission assessment models with different granularities based on input data from different periods. Detailed design parameters are not required in the preliminary stage and can be transferred to subsequent stages for use by specialized designers, assisting multiple disciplines in optimizing low-carbon and energy-saving design schemes. Furthermore, this invention fully utilizes the strong compatibility and scalability of the Modelica / Dymola platform, enabling a front-end visual interactive interface and back-end multi-source data transmission. This reduces the difficulty of modeling for users while improving the automation level of modeling, the precision of simulation, and the reusability of the model. Therefore, this invention has a broader target audience, application scenarios, and promotion potential. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 A flowchart for carbon emission simulation of building energy systems for multiple phases of a project;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the phased data input module;

[0032] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the system modeling and simulation process for phases P1 and P2;

[0033] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the system modeling and simulation process in the P3 stage;

[0034] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the system modeling and simulation process in Phase P4;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a simulation model of the air conditioning component during the construction drawing design phase. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0037] This invention provides a method and system for simulating carbon emissions from building energy systems across multiple project phases. It performs dynamic simulations of energy consumption and carbon emissions from building subsystems, energy consumption subsystems, and renewable energy supply subsystems across four phases: planning and preliminary design, construction drawing design, construction, installation and commissioning, and operation and maintenance. This invention can establish building energy system models of varying levels of detail in the Modelica simulation environment based on the granularity of input data at different project stages. By constructing a reusable and inheritable model library, simulation models of commonly used HVAC and electrical equipment can be efficiently transferred across different stages, thereby establishing a mechanism for dynamic updating of system simulation models. This connects data sources across multiple project stages, compensating for the shortcomings of current operational carbon emission calculation tools in assisting multi-disciplinary low-carbon design. Based on the FMI standard and coupling a three-dimensional building heat transfer model and equipment control model, this invention can flexibly construct building operation and control strategies for real-world operation and maintenance scenarios. This addresses the problem that current operational carbon emission calculation tools struggle to reflect actual system operating conditions, improving the modeling efficiency of building energy consumption simulation, the accuracy of carbon emission calculations, and the reliability of emission reduction potential assessment, thus effectively guiding the low-carbon operation of green buildings.

[0038] Based on the actual project cycle, this invention conducts carbon emission system simulations in four stages: planning and preliminary design (P1), construction drawing design (P2), construction, installation and commissioning (P3), and operation and maintenance (P4), thereby meeting the low-carbon and energy-saving evaluation needs of different professions throughout the entire process. First, a modeling toolchain is established based on the FMI (Functional Mock-up Interface) standard to achieve modular modeling. Then, considering the granularity characteristics of input data at different stages, it solves the problem of rapid energy consumption simulation and carbon emission analysis when data is incomplete.

[0039] The implementation of carbon emission assessment functions at each stage requires the completion of their respective simulation processes. Then, based on the system simulation output results, statistics on energy consumption, energy production, and carbon emissions are performed. The simulation process includes three modules: data input, system modeling, and system simulation.

[0040] The data input module encompasses the building subsystem, energy consumption subsystem, and renewable energy supply subsystem. Within the building subsystem, input data in stages P1 to P3 primarily relates to building, structural, and piping design parameters. In the energy consumption subsystem, input data in stages P1 to P3 mainly relates to the operating parameters of equipment such as HVAC, domestic hot water, lighting, and elevators. In the renewable energy supply subsystem, input data in stages P1 to P3 primarily relates to the operating parameters of renewable energy supply equipment such as power generation and heat production, as well as meteorological parameters. Stage P4 mainly involves the collection and access of sensor data and measured equipment operating data.

[0041] The inputs to the building subsystems in the system modeling module drive the construction of the building's 3D heat transfer model, which is then used to simulate the building's thermal and humidity loads in the system simulation module. The inputs to the energy consumption subsystems in the system modeling module drive the construction of models for energy-consuming equipment such as HVAC systems, which are then used to simulate the energy consumption of these equipment in the system simulation module. The inputs to the renewable energy supply subsystems in the system modeling module drive the construction of models for renewable energy supply equipment such as photovoltaic systems, which are then used to calculate the fossil fuel substitution amount in the system simulation module. Based on the above energy consumption simulation results and energy carbon emission factor data, the carbon emissions of the building's energy system during the operational phase are obtained.

[0042] In the system modeling and simulation modules, the key technologies in stages P1 and P2 lie in rapidly establishing a Modelica building thermal zone model based on FMI. Stage P3 builds a more detailed equipment and control model based on the model from stage P2. Stage P4 adjusts the model parameters from stage P3 based on the simulation results output from stage P3 and compares them with measured data, thereby continuously improving the model's accuracy. The measured data includes indoor environmental variables and equipment operating status variables from energy consumption and renewable energy supply subsystems. The data transfer interface between these measured variables and the simulation model is written using the Modelica hardware driver model library, while the simulation results output can be visualized as charts in a user interface using Modelica code statements.

[0043] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the carbon emission simulation of a multi-stage building energy system. The four stages are: planning and preliminary design (P1), construction drawing design (P2), construction, installation and commissioning (P3), and operation and maintenance (P4). Carbon emission simulation at each stage involves three modules: data input, system modeling, and system simulation. Finally, statistical analysis of energy and carbon emission-related indicators is conducted based on the simulation results output from each stage. The energy consumption component mainly includes HVAC, domestic hot water, lighting, and elevators, with energy statistics including grid electricity, domestic hot water, natural gas, coal, oil, and district heating / cooling. The renewable energy component includes photovoltaic power generation, solar water heating, and wind power generation.

[0044] In the data input module, such as Figure 2 As shown, the inputs to the building subsystem in stage P1 include overall planning information such as building orientation, shape system numbers such as window-to-wall ratio, thermal parameters of the building envelope such as heat transfer coefficient, and environmental meteorological parameters, which are used to build a three-dimensional geometric and heat transfer model of the building subsystem, such as... Figure 3As shown. Under the FMI standard interface framework, the output file of the above-mentioned three-dimensional building thermophysical model and the input parameters of the system simulation model can be mutually mapped, thereby simulating the building's thermal and moisture load in the Modelica thermal zone model. The input of the energy consumption subsystem mainly consists of energy efficiency-related parameters determined according to energy-saving design standards and industry specifications for equipment such as HVAC, domestic hot water, lighting, and elevators, combined with the above-mentioned load calculations to determine the equipment's operating energy consumption. Similarly, the renewable energy supply subsystem calculates the solar water heating output and photovoltaic and wind power generation based on similar equipment basic conditions and meteorological file inputs.

[0045] In the data input module, such as Figure 2 As shown, the building subsystem input in Phase P2 can be based on Phase P1 and incorporate differentiated environmental control requirements based on thermal zoning. This means users can quickly input the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of the load in the form of tables, improving the granularity of load calculations without excessively increasing the user's modeling burden. The energy consumption subsystem data input in Phase P2 is further refined from Phase P1: for HVAC equipment, a Modelica functional model including seasonal temperature / operating time control will be established; for domestic hot water, lighting, and elevators, the rated power of the selected equipment and operating hours will be used to calculate operating energy consumption. The renewable energy subsystem will set efficiency curves based on the equipment capacity determined in Phase P1, further improving the accuracy of power generation and heat generation calculations. Its simulation process is similar to that of Phase P1, such as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0046] In the data input module, such as Figure 2 As shown, the P3 stage building subsystem input will add the flow layout of the wind and water systems based on the system schematic diagram; the energy consumption and renewable energy supply sections require input of the dynamic operating characteristic curves of the equipment and control logic. Based on the modeling under rated operating conditions in the P2 stage, Modelica component models of different equipment such as cold and heat sources, air conditioning terminals, and rooftop photovoltaics will be established to conduct system simulations of the dynamic load and energy consumption throughout the year. Figure 4 As shown. Unlike existing carbon emission calculation software that uses a fixed energy consumption simulation model and requires manual input of user parameters, this invention considers the differences in model requirements at different stages of energy consumption and carbon emission assessment, and establishes a novel mechanism for dynamically updating the simulation model.

[0047] In the data input module, such as Figure 2As shown, in Phase P4, the Modelica hardware-driven model library will be used to input real-world sensor data from the physical system into the system simulation model via a communication interface. This includes indoor temperature and humidity data and pollutant concentration data from the building subsystem, real-time equipment operation data from the energy consumption subsystem, and water and electricity monitoring data from the renewable energy subsystem. The measured data from each subsystem will be compared with the simulation results output from Phase P3. Based on the simulation errors, the modeling parameters of the building and equipment components will be continuously adjusted. Figure 5 As shown. Therefore, this invention can introduce adaptive optimization technology through a model update mechanism to meet the higher energy consumption and carbon emission prediction accuracy required during the operation and maintenance period.

[0048] Figure 6 The diagram shows a simulation model of a case study implemented during the construction drawing design phase. This case study involves a single-story building with multiple rooms (laboratory, office, and non-controlled area) with different indoor environmental control requirements. It includes graphical modeling of three main subsystems and input panels for temperature, seasonal transition, and operating time control. Real-time output of simulation results is achieved by building an energy / carbon emission statistics module within the Modelica simulation environment, and is dynamically visualized in bar charts and pie charts. Output variables include indoor environmental variables (temperature, humidity, and pressure), key equipment operating parameters (intake air volume, exhaust air volume, and face velocity), energy-related variables (mains electricity consumption, photovoltaic power generation, and wind power generation), and carbon emissions.

[0049] The carbon emission simulation system established in this invention integrates model data sources across all stages of actual construction projects. It fully leverages the non-causal modeling capabilities and standardized data interfaces of the Modelica modeling language to rapidly build a reusable and inheritable model library. The model update mechanism proposed in this invention, on the one hand, meets the quantitative assessment needs of energy consumption and carbon emissions for users at each stage of actual construction projects, assisting in energy-saving design optimization across multiple disciplines, including architectural design and other specialized designs; on the other hand, it addresses the problem that simulation results in the design phase often fail to reflect the dynamic changes in real-world energy consumption under actual operating conditions. In stages P3 and P4, system simulation models are built for real-world operation and maintenance scenarios, improving the realism and usability of carbon emission simulation predictions and effectively demonstrating their guiding significance in building operation emission reduction.

[0050] It should be noted that, depending on the implementation needs, the various steps / components described in this application can be broken down into more steps / components, or two or more steps / components or parts of the operation of steps / components can be combined into new steps / components to achieve the purpose of this invention.

[0051] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for simulating carbon emissions from building energy systems across multiple project phases, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Carbon emission simulations of building energy systems were conducted at each stage of the construction project. Based on the carbon emission simulation results of each stage, the energy and carbon emissions of each stage were statistically analyzed. The construction project includes four stages: planning and preliminary design stage P1, construction drawing design stage P2, construction, installation and commissioning stage P3, and operation and maintenance stage P4. The carbon emission simulation of building energy systems at each stage includes three steps: data input, system modeling, and system simulation. Data input covers the building subsystem, energy consumption subsystem, and renewable energy supply subsystem of the building energy system. Within the building subsystem, input data in stages P1 to P3 includes building, structural, and piping design parameters. In the energy consumption subsystem, input data in stages P1 to P3 includes operating parameters of energy-consuming equipment. In the renewable energy supply subsystem, input data in stages P1 to P3 includes operating parameters of renewable energy equipment and meteorological parameters. Input data in stage P4 includes measured data from each subsystem. Within each subsystem, the input data in stages P1 to P3 is gradually improved and becomes more accurate as the construction project progresses. In system modeling, the input of the building subsystem drives the construction of the three-dimensional heat transfer model of the building and is used to simulate the building's thermal and moisture load in system simulation; the input of the energy consumption subsystem drives the construction of the energy consumption equipment model and is used to simulate the energy consumption of the energy consumption equipment in system simulation; the input of the renewable energy supply subsystem drives the construction of the renewable energy supply equipment model and is used to calculate the amount of fossil energy substitution in system simulation. In system modeling and simulation, stages P1 and P2 focus on rapidly establishing a Modelica building thermal zone model based on FMI; stage P3 builds a more detailed equipment and control model based on the model from stage P2; stage P4 adjusts the model parameters from stage P3 based on the simulation results output from stage P3 and compares them with measured data, thereby continuously improving the model accuracy. The measured data includes indoor environmental variables of the building subsystem and equipment operating status variables of the energy consumption subsystem and the renewable energy supply subsystem. The data transfer interface between the measured variables and the simulation model is written using the Modelica hardware-driven model library, and the simulation results are visualized through user-interactive charts using Modelica code statements. Finally, by combining the results of system simulation at each stage, the carbon emissions of the building energy system at each stage are obtained based on the energy carbon emission factor data.

2. The carbon emission simulation method for building energy systems in multiple project phases according to claim 1, characterized in that, Energy-consuming equipment includes heating, ventilation and air conditioning, domestic hot water, lighting and elevators; renewable energy supply equipment includes photovoltaic power generation, solar water heating and wind power generation.

3. The carbon emission simulation method for building energy systems in multiple project phases according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the data input, the building subsystem input data in phase P1 includes overall building planning information, shape parameters, thermal parameters, and environmental meteorological parameters, which are used to build a three-dimensional heat transfer model of the building subsystem. Under the FMI standard interface framework, the output file of the three-dimensional heat transfer model of the building is mapped to the input parameters of the system simulation model, so as to simulate the building's heat and humidity load in the Modelica thermal zone model. The energy consumption subsystem input data consists of energy efficiency-related parameters determined according to the energy-saving design standards and industry specifications of HVAC, domestic hot water, lighting, and elevator equipment, combined with the above load calculations to calculate the operating energy consumption of the equipment. The renewable energy supply subsystem calculates the solar hot water production and photovoltaic and wind power generation based on the basic information of photovoltaic power generation, solar water heating, and wind power generation equipment and meteorological file input.

4. The carbon emission simulation method for building energy systems in multiple project phases according to claim 3, characterized in that, In terms of data input, the building subsystem input in Phase P2, based on Phase P1, adds differentiated environmental control requirements based on thermal zoning. That is, users quickly input the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of the load in the form of tables. The energy consumption subsystem data input is further refined based on Phase P1: for HVAC equipment, a Modelica functional model including seasonal temperature / operating time control is established; for domestic hot water, lighting, and elevators, the rated power of the selected equipment and the number of operating hours are used to calculate the operating energy consumption; the renewable energy supply subsystem sets efficiency curves based on the equipment capacity determined in Phase P1 to improve the accuracy of power generation and heat generation calculations.

5. The carbon emission simulation method for building energy systems in multiple project phases according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the data input, the building subsystem input in the P3 stage adds the flow layout of the wind and water systems according to the system schematic diagram; the energy consumption subsystem and the renewable energy supply subsystem add equipment dynamic operation characteristic curves and control logic. Based on the modeling under the rated operating conditions in the P2 stage, Modelica component models of cold and heat sources, air conditioning terminals and roof photovoltaic equipment are established to carry out system simulation of dynamic load and energy consumption throughout the year.

6. The carbon emission simulation method for building energy systems in multiple project phases according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also performs energy statistics based on simulation results, including mains electricity, domestic hot water, natural gas, coal, oil, and district heating / cooling.

7. A carbon emission simulation system for a building energy system oriented towards multiple project phases, used to implement the carbon emission simulation method for building energy systems oriented towards multiple project phases as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, It includes three modules: data input, system modeling, and system simulation; Carbon emission simulations of building energy systems were conducted at each stage of the construction project. Based on the carbon emission simulation results of each stage, the energy and carbon emissions of each stage were statistically analyzed. The construction project includes four stages: planning and preliminary design stage P1, construction drawing design stage P2, construction, installation and commissioning stage P3, and operation and maintenance stage P4. The data input module covers the building subsystem, energy consumption subsystem, and renewable energy supply subsystem of the building energy system. Within the building subsystem, input data in stages P1 to P3 includes building, structural, and piping design parameters. In the energy consumption subsystem, input data in stages P1 to P3 includes operating parameters of energy-consuming equipment. In the renewable energy supply subsystem, input data in stages P1 to P3 includes operating parameters of renewable energy equipment and meteorological parameters. Input data in stage P4 includes measured data from each subsystem. Within each subsystem, the input data in stages P1 to P3 is gradually improved and becomes more accurate as the construction project progresses. In the system modeling module, the input of the building subsystem drives the construction of the three-dimensional heat transfer model of the building and is used to simulate the building's thermal and moisture load in the system simulation module; the input of the energy consumption subsystem drives the construction of the energy-consuming equipment model and is used to simulate the energy consumption of the energy-consuming equipment in the system simulation module; the input of the renewable energy supply subsystem drives the construction of the renewable energy supply equipment model and is used to calculate the fossil energy substitution amount in the system simulation module. In the system modeling and system simulation modules, phases P1 and P2 focus on rapidly establishing a Modelica building thermal zone model based on FMI; phase P3 builds a more detailed equipment and control model based on the model from phase P2; phase P4 adjusts the model parameters from phase P3 based on the simulation results output from phase P3 and compares them with measured data, thereby continuously improving the model accuracy. The measured data includes indoor environmental variables of the building subsystem and equipment operating status variables of the energy consumption subsystem and the renewable energy supply subsystem. The data transfer interface between the measured variables and the simulation model is written using the Modelica hardware-driven model library, and the simulation results are visualized through user-interactive charts using Modelica code statements. Finally, by combining the results of the system simulation modules at each stage, the carbon emissions of the building energy system at each stage are obtained based on the energy carbon emission factor data.

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