A method for accelerating germination of chestnut

Abstract

The present invention provides a germination method for improving the germination potential of chestnuts, which belongs to the field of seed germination. In the present invention, chestnuts are first refrigerated in an environment of ‑3°C to 3°C for 145 to 155 days, and then the refrigerated chestnut seeds are placed in water for soaking treatment, the water temperature during soaking is 20 to 22°C, the soaking time is 5 to 6 hours, and then the chestnut seeds after soaking treatment are placed in wet sand and cultured in dark conditions for 10 to 14 days. The seed soaking treatment combined with wet sand culture significantly improves the germination potential of the seeds, thereby laying a foundation for improving the emergence rate of chestnuts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of seed germination, in particular to a germination method for improving the germination potential of chestnuts. Background Art

[0002] Chestnut seedling raising technology usually requires germination treatment of chestnut seeds to improve the emergence rate. The commonly used germination method is to use wet sand as stratification material in an outdoor orchard, mix chestnut seeds with wet sand, and then perform stratification treatment to promote chestnut seed germination. However, this method has the disadvantages of long cycle and low emergence rate, especially high seed loss rate during storage. Patent number "CN107690871A" and invention name "A method for germination of chestnut" discloses a method for germination of chestnut. In this method, the soaking time is 10 to 13 hours, which has the disadvantage of long soaking time, and chestnut seed disinfectant and germination agent increase the germination cost. Summary of the invention

[0003] The invention aims to provide a chestnut germination method with short seed soaking time and low seed loss rate.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides a method for accelerating germination of chestnuts, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) refrigerating chestnut seeds at a temperature of -3°C to 3°C;

[0007] (2) placing the refrigerated chestnut seeds in water for soaking, wherein the soaking time is 5 to 6 hours;

[0008] (3) The soaked chestnut seeds are placed in wet sand and cultured in dark conditions for 10 to 14 days.

[0009] Preferably, in step (2), the temperature of the water is 20-22°C.

[0010] Preferably, in step (3), the humidity of the wet sand is 50-55%.

[0011] Preferably, in step (3), the culture temperature is 20-22° C. and the air humidity is 58-63%.

[0012] Preferably, before refrigeration in step (1), the chestnuts are placed in a bag.

[0013] Preferably, the refrigeration time is 145 to 155 days.

[0014] Preferably, the chestnut seeds further include a step of soaking in a potassium permanganate solution after refrigeration and before soaking.

[0015] Preferably, the mass fraction of the potassium permanganate solution is 0.1-0.12%, and the soaking time of the potassium permanganate solution is 9-11 minutes.

[0016] Preferably, the thickness of the wet sand below the chestnut seeds is 2 to 3 cm, and the thickness of the wet sand above the chestnut seeds is 1.8 to 2.2 cm.

[0017] Preferably, the wet sand is disinfected with carbendazim before use, the mass concentration of the carbendazim is 0.17-0.22%, and the disinfection time is 55-65 minutes.

[0018] By adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention breaks the conventional idea of ​​chestnut germination sand storage, and is composed of three major parts: seed disinfection, seed soaking, and dark culture in wet sand. By selecting suitable seeds and disinfecting them, and then treating them with suitable immersion temperature and time, combined with seed germination culture in a suitable temperature and humidity environment, the seeds are helped to absorb water quickly, which significantly improves the seed germination potential, thereby effectively improving the chestnut emergence rate. Taking the radicle length of 2 cm as the germination standard, the seed germination potential can reach 80%, which is significantly increased by 10% compared with the conventional non-soaking treatment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 These are chestnut seeds whose radicle length reaches 1 cm after germination.

[0020] Figure 2 These are chestnut seeds whose radicle length reaches 2 cm after germination.

[0021] Figure 3 These are chestnut seeds whose radicle length reaches 4 cm after germination.

[0022] Figure 4 Shown are wet sand culture and chestnut germination in an incubator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention provides a method for accelerating germination of chestnuts, comprising the following steps:

[0024] (1) refrigerating chestnut seeds at a temperature of -3°C to 3°C;

[0025] (2) placing the refrigerated chestnut seeds in water for soaking, wherein the soaking time is 5 to 6 hours;

[0026] (3) The soaked chestnut seeds are placed in wet sand and cultured in dark conditions for 10 to 14 days.

[0027] In the present invention, the chestnuts are picked in September and October, and when the thorn buds of the chestnut tree reach 70% to 75% cracked, the outer thorn buds are peeled off to take out the chestnut seeds. After obtaining the chestnut seeds, the present invention places the seeds in a bag, and the bag is preferably a plastic bag or a snakeskin bag, and the bag is preferably 2-layer. After the chestnut seeds are placed in the bag, the present invention stores them in a cold storage, and the storage temperature is preferably -3°C to 3°C, more preferably -2°C to 2°C, and more preferably 0°C. The purpose of seed refrigeration is to meet the cold demand of fruit tree chestnut seeds and to maintain high vitality of the seeds and ensure good sowing quality of the seeds.

[0028] In the present invention, the cold storage time of the chestnut seeds is preferably 145 to 155 days, more preferably 147 to 153 days, and more preferably 150 days. After the cold storage is completed, chestnut seeds of uniform size and weight of 10 to 13 g are selected and soaked in water for washing, and floating chestnut seeds are removed. After washing, they are disinfected with a potassium permanganate solution, the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate is preferably 0.1 to 0.12%, more preferably 0.11%, and the disinfection time is preferably 9 to 11 minutes, more preferably 10 minutes, and after disinfection, they are washed with clean water for standby use.

[0029] The present invention selects chestnut seeds after disinfection and soaks them in water, wherein the water is preferably clean water or tap water, the water temperature is preferably 20-22°C, more preferably 21°C, the soaking time is preferably 5-6h, more preferably 5.5h, and the soaking is preferably carried out at room temperature. The purpose of soaking is to allow the seeds to absorb water and reach a water content that can germinate normally; at the same time, the oxygen dissolved in the water enters the cells along with the water, activating the enzymes in the seeds, enhancing the respiration of the seeds, and promoting the rapid decomposition and operation of the nutrients in the seeds under suitable temperature and humidity conditions, thereby supplying the young embryos for growth, thereby promoting the germination of chestnut seeds.

[0030] The present invention takes out the soaked chestnut seeds and places them in wet sand for germination. Wet sand is laid on the upper and lower parts of the seeds. The thickness of the wet sand below the chestnut seeds is preferably 2-3 cm, and more preferably 2.5 cm; the thickness of the wet sand above the chestnut seeds is preferably 1.8-2.2 cm, and more preferably 2 cm. The humidity of the wet sand is preferably 50-55%, and more preferably 53%; the wet sand used is disinfected with carbendazim before use, and the mass concentration of the carbendazim is preferably 0.17-0.22%, and more preferably 0.2%; the disinfection time of the carbendazim is preferably 55-65 min, and more preferably 60 min, and the seeds are washed with clean water after disinfection. The germination of the present invention is preferably carried out in a germination box, and the temperature of the germination is preferably 20-22 ° C, and more preferably 21 ° C. The air humidity of the germination is 58-63%, and more preferably 60%; the present invention preferably places the germination box in an incubator for culture, and the culture is dark culture, and the culture time is 10-14 days, and more preferably 12 days. During the cultivation period, check the temperature and humidity every 2 days and add water evenly and appropriately to maintain the humidity of the sand at 50% to 55%.

[0031] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] When 70% of the chestnut tree thorn buds are cracked, peel off the chestnut outer thorn buds to take out the chestnut seeds, put the chestnut seeds in a 2-layer plastic bag, and place them in a cold storage at a temperature of -3°C. After refrigeration for 145 days, select chestnut seeds of uniform size and weight of 10-13g, soak them in water, discard floating seeds, disinfect them with a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.1% for 9 minutes, and then wash them with clean water for use. Select the disinfected chestnut seeds, soak them in clean water at room temperature, the water temperature is 20°C, and the soaking time is 5h. After soaking, place the seeds in a germination box with 2cm wet sand at the bottom, cover it with 1.8cm wet sand, and the humidity of the wet sand is 50%. Place the germination box in an incubator at 20°C and 58% air humidity for dark culture. The wet sand is disinfected with a mass concentration of 0.17% carbendazim before use, and the disinfection time is 55min. During the cultivation period, check the temperature and humidity every 2 days and add water evenly and appropriately to maintain the humidity of the sand at 50-55%. Cultivate for 10 days.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] When the chestnut tree thorn buds reach 73% cracking, peel off the chestnut outer thorn buds to take out the chestnut seeds, put the chestnut seeds in 2 layers of snakeskin bags, and place them in a cold storage at 0°C. After refrigeration for 150 days, select chestnut seeds of uniform size and weight of 10-13g, soak them in water, discard floating seeds, disinfect them with potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.11% for 10 minutes, and then wash them with clean water for use. Select the disinfected chestnut seeds, soak them in tap water at room temperature, the tap water temperature is 21°C, and the soaking time is 5.5h. After soaking, place the seeds in a germination box with 2.5cm wet sand on the bottom, cover it with 2cm wet sand, the humidity of the wet sand is 52%, and place the germination box in an incubator at 21°C and 60% air humidity for dark culture. The wet sand is disinfected with a mass concentration of 0.20% carbendazim before use, and the disinfection time is 60min. During the cultivation period, check the temperature and humidity every 2 days and add water evenly and appropriately to maintain the humidity of the sand at 50-55%. Cultivate for 12 days.

[0036] Example 3

[0037] When 75% of the chestnut tree thorn buds are cracked, peel off the chestnut outer thorn buds to take out the chestnut seeds, put the chestnut seeds in 2 layers of snakeskin bags, and place them in a cold storage at 3°C. After refrigeration for 155 days, select chestnut seeds of uniform size and weight of 10-13g, soak them in water, discard floating seeds, disinfect them with potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.12% for 11 minutes, and then wash them with clean water for use. Select the disinfected chestnut seeds, soak them in tap water at room temperature, the tap water temperature is 22°C, and the soaking time is 6h. After soaking, place the seeds in a germination box with 3cm wet sand at the bottom, cover it with 2.2cm wet sand, the humidity of the wet sand is 55%, and place the germination box in an incubator at 22°C and 63% air humidity for dark culture. The wet sand is disinfected with a mass concentration of 0.22% carbendazim before use, and the disinfection time is 65min. During the cultivation period, check the temperature and humidity every 2 days and add water evenly and appropriately to maintain the humidity of the sand at 50-55%. Cultivate for 14 days.

[0038] Comparative Example 1

[0039] Different from Example 2, the seed germination is carried out outdoors without soaking, and the culture temperature is 10-11°C.

[0040] Comparative Example 2

[0041] Different from Example 2, the seeds were not soaked and the culture temperature was 15-16°C.

[0042] Comparative Example 3

[0043] Different from Example 2, seed soaking was not performed.

[0044] Comparative Example 4

[0045] The difference from Example 2 is that the seed soaking time is 1 to 2 hours.

[0046] Comparative Example 5

[0047] The difference from Example 2 is that the soaking time is 9 to 10.

[0048] Experimental Example 1

[0049] Twenty chestnut seeds were selected in each group, and three groups were repeated. The seeds were germinated according to the germination conditions of Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. After 12 days of cultivation, the germination rates and germination potentials of the chestnut seeds in Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were shown in Table 1.

[0050] Table 1 Effects of different soaking time and culture temperature on chestnut seed germination

[0051]

[0052]

[0053] As can be seen from Table 1, after 12 days of cultivation, the germination rate of chestnut seeds in Example 2 reached 100%, and the average radicle was 5.5 cm, of which the proportion of radicles above 4 cm can reach more than 90%. Taking the radicle length of 1 cm as the germination standard, the seed germination potential can reach 90%, which is significantly increased by 54.29% compared with the conventional non-seed soaking treatment; compared with the indoor non-seed soaking treatment and the temperature of 20-21°C, it increased by 12.5%. Taking the radicle length of 2 cm as the germination standard, the seed germination potential can reach 81%, which is significantly increased by 62% compared with the conventional non-seed soaking treatment; compared with the indoor non-seed soaking treatment and the temperature of 20-21°C, it increased by 10.46%. It can be seen from Comparative Examples 4 and 5 that under the same culture temperature and the soaking time of Example 2, chestnut seeds have a higher germination rate and germination potential.

[0054] In Example 2, when the radicle length reaches 1 cm after germination treatment, the seed germination rate reaches 95% and the germination potential reaches 90%; when the radicle length reaches 2 cm after germination treatment, the seed germination rate is 93.33% and the germination potential is 81%; when the radicle length reaches 4 cm after germination treatment, the seed germination rate reaches 100%, the average radicle is 5.5 cm, of which the proportion of radicles above 4 cm reaches more than 90%.

[0055] The germination of wet sand culture in the germination box and the germination of seeds after covering with sand and wiping Figure 4 As shown, the seed germination rate reaches 100%. After measurement, the average radicle is 5.5 cm. It can be directly used for planting in the nursery, which can effectively improve the germination rate.

[0056] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for accelerating the germination of chestnuts, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) refrigerating the chestnut seeds at a temperature of -3°C to 3°C; (2) placing the refrigerated chestnut seeds in water for soaking, wherein the soaking time is 5 to 6 hours; (3) placing the soaked chestnut seeds in wet sand and culturing them in the dark for 10 to 14 days; In step (2), the temperature of the water is 20-22°C; In step (3), the humidity of the wet sand is 50-55%; In step (3), the culture temperature is 20-22° C. and the air humidity is 58-63%.

2. The germination method according to claim 1, characterized in that Before refrigeration in step (1), the chestnuts are placed in a bag.

3. The germination method according to claim 2, characterized in that The refrigeration time is 145 to 155 days.

4. The germination method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The method further comprises the step of soaking the chestnut seeds in a potassium permanganate solution after refrigeration and before soaking.

5. The germination method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 0.1-0.12%, and the soaking time of the potassium permanganate solution is 9-11 minutes.

6. The germination method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The thickness of the wet sand below the chestnut seeds is 2 to 3 cm, and the thickness of the wet sand above the chestnut seeds is 1.8 to 2.2 cm.

7. The germination accelerating method according to claim 1, wherein the wet sand is disinfected with carbendazim before use, the mass concentration of the carbendazim is 0.17-0.22%, and the disinfection time is 55-65 min.

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