Organic fertilizer and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of organic fertilizers, and discloses an organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. The organic fertilizer of the present invention contains bone calcium mud, furfural residue fermentation, inorganic iron source and nitrogen source; wherein, based on the total weight of the organic fertilizer, on a dry basis, the content of the bone calcium mud is 50-65wt%, the content of the furfural residue fermentation is 20-35wt%, the content of the inorganic iron source in terms of Fe is 1.5-4wt%, and the content of the nitrogen source in terms of N is 0.9-3wt%. The organic fertilizer of the present invention has a synergistic effect between the components contained, and the fertilizer efficiency is high and is used in agricultural production, and it has the effect of improving soil, increasing the yield and quality of crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of organic fertilizers, and in particular to an organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of my country's facility agriculture, healthy agriculture, green agriculture and organic agriculture, research, development and production of low-cost, high-efficiency and functional refined organic fertilizers will become the key direction of the development of the organic fertilizer industry.

[0003] Organic fertilizer is produced by conventional fermentation, and the nutrients in it are more easily absorbed and utilized by crops. It will not cause physical or physiological "seedling burn" to crops after being applied to the soil, and has good safety performance after being applied to the soil.

[0004] At present, gelatin waste (i.e. bone calcium mud) is used as the main raw material to produce organic fertilizer. Under the guidance of the classic "chemical plant nutrition", conventional high-temperature fermentation is used to produce organic fertilizer.

[0005] 201210487201.X discloses a preparation method for producing bone meal organic fertilizer using waste from gelatin production as raw material, and the process flow includes raw material pretreatment, composting and fermentation, adding inorganic fertilizer, crushing and screening, drying and mixing, and inspection and packaging. In the composting and fermentation process, the mass weight ratio of bone residue: organic matter: enzyme bacteria: water is 100:5-70:1-15:5-100, the fermentation temperature is 5-55°C, and the fermentation time is 20-240 hours; in the process of adding inorganic fertilizer, the mass weight ratio of fermentation product: inorganic fertilizer is 100:0-90; in the crushing and screening process, the sieve aperture is 10-300 mesh. The waste from gelatin production used in this method is bone residue.

[0006] 200810046039.1 discloses an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, which is composed of 100-320 parts by weight of waste generated in the production of fermented gelatin bone particles, 200-555 parts of peat, 35-180 parts of tung tree ash, 40-120 parts of urea, 9-65 parts of ammonium phosphate, and 20-150 parts of potassium sulfate; the waste generated in the production of gelatin bone particles is bone residue and meat residue.

[0007] 201710733063.1 discloses a method for preparing organic fertilizer, which comprises mixing gelatin waste, plant fiber, animal excrement and mushroom residue to obtain a mixed material; wherein the gelatin waste comprises 43.6-60wt%, the plant fiber comprises 49.8-62wt%, the animal excrement comprises 1.5-4.4wt% and the mushroom residue comprises 1-2.2wt%; aerobically fermenting the mixed material to obtain a fermentation product; and granulating and drying the fermentation product to obtain the organic fertilizer.

[0008] However, conventional fermentation of bone calcium mud to produce organic fertilizer has the following disadvantages and problems:

[0009] 1. Long production cycle

[0010] The production cycle of bone calcium mud using conventional fermentation to produce organic fertilizer is relatively long. Currently, the fermentation process of manufacturers is generally controlled at around 30-45 days.

[0011] 2. High financial costs

[0012] Bone calcium mud is produced as organic fertilizer through conventional fermentation. In the fermentation stage alone, the financial cost of each ton of bone calcium mud fermentation is relatively high due to the increase in worker wages, electricity consumption, heat consumption, equipment loss, fermentation site occupancy, etc.

[0013] 3. Serious odor pollution and low environmental protection coefficient

[0014] Bone calcium mud adopts conventional fermentation to produce organic fertilizer. Due to the high content of animal fat and animal protein in bone calcium mud, a large amount of unpleasant gases such as H2S, NO, NH3 will be produced during the high-temperature fermentation process of bone calcium mud, which will often cause harm to operators in a sealed environment. If the odor leaks, it will cause serious air pollution.

[0015] 4. Difficulty in mastering maturity

[0016] Since the organic matter in bone calcium paste comes from animal sources, its maturity index is difficult to formulate and master.

[0017] 5. Low fertilizer efficiency

[0018] The organic fertilizer produced by conventional fermentation of bone calcium mud has low fertilizer efficiency in agricultural production. Summary of the invention

[0019] The object of the present invention is to overcome the problems that the organic fertilizer containing bone calcium mud exists in the prior art needs to be prepared through conventional high temperature fermentation, and its production cycle is long, cost is high, fertilizer efficiency is low, it is not environmentally friendly, and the degree of maturity is difficult to grasp, and a kind of organic fertilizer, preparation method and application thereof are provided. The organic fertilizer of the present invention can be fermented without conventional high temperature, and has short production cycle, low energy consumption, high production efficiency, environmental safety, low cost, remarkable economic benefit, and high fertilizer efficiency of the obtained organic fertilizer. The preparation method of the present invention breaks the traditional production concept of producing organic fertilizer with bone calcium mud, and provides a new way for developing and producing low-cost, high fertilizer efficiency and refined high-end organic fertilizer using bone calcium mud.

[0020] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an organic fertilizer on one hand, which contains bone calcium mud, furfural residue fermentation product, inorganic iron source and nitrogen source;

[0021] Wherein, based on the total weight of the organic fertilizer, on a dry basis, the content of the bone calcium mud is 50-65wt%, the content of the furfural residue fermentation product is 20-35wt%, the content of the inorganic iron source calculated as Fe is 1.5-4wt%, and the content of the nitrogen source calculated as N is 0.9-3wt%.

[0022] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned organic fertilizer, the method comprising: mixing bone calcium mud, furfural residue fermentation product, an inorganic iron source and a nitrogen source.

[0023] The third aspect of the present invention provides an application of the above organic fertilizer in agricultural production.

[0024] Through the above technical scheme, the components contained in the organic fertilizer of the present invention have synergistic effects, and when preparing the organic fertilizer, the bone calcium mud does not need to undergo conventional high-temperature fermentation. The product is used in agricultural production and has the effect of improving soil and increasing the yield and quality of crops. Specifically, the technical effects obtained by the present invention are:

[0025] 1. Shortening of production cycle: The production of organic fertilizer by the preparation method of the present invention can save about 50% of the organic fertilizer production time and greatly shorten the production cycle.

[0026] 2. Environmental protection and safety: The technical method of the present invention is used to produce organic fertilizers. No unpleasant gases such as H2S, NO, NH3, etc. will be generated during the production process, which will not cause harm to operators and will not pollute the atmospheric environment.

[0027] 3. Reduce consumption and save energy: The production of organic fertilizer by the preparation method of the present invention can reduce costs due to the reduction of worker wages, electricity consumption, heat consumption, equipment loss, fermentation site occupancy, etc.

[0028] 4. The organic fertilizer produced by the method of the present invention has a reasonable C / N ratio and belongs to refined organic fertilizer. It has a small usage amount. The conventional usage amount in agricultural production is 300-800 kg / mu. When applied to the soil, it will not cause physical "seedling burning" to crops, and can increase the yield of crops compared to conventional high-temperature fermented organic fertilizers.

[0029] 5. The components of the organic fertilizer of the present invention have synergistic effects, and can further increase the yield of crops in agricultural production applications. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed in this article are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of each range, the endpoint values ​​of each range and the individual point values, and the individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed in this article.

[0031] The first aspect of the present invention provides an organic fertilizer, which contains bone calcium mud, furfural residue fermentation product, an inorganic iron source and a nitrogen source;

[0032] Wherein, based on the total weight of the organic fertilizer, on a dry basis, the content of the bone calcium mud is 50-65wt%, the content of the furfural residue fermentation product is 20-35wt%, the content of the inorganic iron source calculated as Fe is 1.5-4wt%, and the content of the nitrogen source calculated as N is 0.9-3wt%.

[0033] The inventors have found in their research that when the organic fertilizer contains the above components and contents, the average mass fraction of organic matter can be increased by 6-10%, or more, compared with the organic fertilizer produced by conventional high-temperature fermentation.

[0034] In the present invention, the "bone calcium mud" refers to a mixed precipitate containing bone scraps (or fine powder), animal fat, calcium phosphate crystals (including other phosphates), fat saponification and animal collagen, preferably a mixed precipitate containing bone scraps (or fine powder), animal fat, calcium phosphate crystals (including other phosphates), fat saponification and animal collagen produced by each process of gelatin extraction using the "alkali method". That is, bone calcium mud is obtained by subjecting animal bones to high temperature, high acid and high alkali treatment and then dehydrating by filter pressing during the production of bone gelatin. In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the "bone calcium mud" refers to fresh bone calcium mud, that is, unfermented bone calcium mud.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present invention, based on the total weight of the organic fertilizer, the content of bone calcium paste can be any one of 50wt%, 52wt%, 55wt%, 57wt%, 60wt%, 62wt%, 65wt% or a value within the range composed of any two of the above values ​​on a dry basis.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present invention, based on the total weight of the organic fertilizer, the content of the furfural residue fermentation product can be any one of 20wt%, 25wt%, 30wt%, 35wt% or a value within the range consisting of any two of the above values ​​on a dry basis.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present invention, based on the total weight of the organic fertilizer, the content of the inorganic iron source in terms of Fe can be any one of 1.5wt%, 2wt%, 2.5wt%, 3wt%, 3.5wt%, 4wt% or a numerical value within the range consisting of any two of the above values ​​on a dry basis.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present invention, based on the total weight of the organic fertilizer, the content of the nitrogen source calculated as N can be 0.9wt%, 1wt%, 1.5wt%, 2wt%, 2.5wt%, 3wt%, any one of the above values ​​or a value within the range composed of any two of the above values ​​on a dry basis.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present invention, the water content of the bone calcium paste is 50-55wt%.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present invention, the organic matter content in the bone calcium paste is ≥52wt% on a dry basis.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present invention, the phosphorus content in the bone calcium paste, calculated as P2O5, is ≥7.5wt% on a dry basis.

[0042] In some embodiments of the present invention, the nitrogen content in the bone calcium paste is ≥ 2 wt % on a dry basis.

[0043] In some embodiments of the present invention, on a dry basis, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the bone calcium paste is ≥9.5wt%; wherein the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium refers to the sum of the N content, the phosphorus content calculated as P2O5 and the potassium content calculated as K2O (also expressed as "total nutrients" or "N+P2O5+K2O").

[0044] In some embodiments of the present invention, the calcium content in the bone calcium paste is ≥ 11 wt % on a dry basis.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present invention, the magnesium content in the bone calcium paste is ≥ 5.46 wt % on a dry basis.

[0046] In some embodiments of the present invention, the pH value of the bone calcium paste is 8.3-9.

[0047] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the bone calcium paste meets the requirements shown in Table 1.

[0048] Table 1

[0049]

[0050] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fermented furfural residue contains organic matter, humic acid, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and free acid. Based on the total weight of the furfural residue, the content of the organic matter is 58.5-63.3wt%, the content of the humic acid is 13.1-13.6wt%, the content of the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 1.6-1.9wt%, the content of the free acid is 1-1.1wt%, and the rest is water and other components that do not affect the fertilizer effect of organic fertilizer; the pH value of the fermented furfural residue is 4.5-5.3. Among them, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium refers to the sum of the N content, the phosphorus content calculated as P2O5, and the potassium content calculated as K2O.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present invention, the inorganic iron source is at least one of ferrous sulfate and ferric chloride, preferably ferrous sulfate.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present invention, the nitrogen source is at least one of urea, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate, preferably urea.

[0053] In the present invention, there is no special requirement for ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride, urea, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate, as long as they meet the national agricultural grade standards.

[0054] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the organic fertilizer contains bone calcium mud, fermented furfural residue, inorganic iron source and nitrogen source;

[0055] Wherein, based on the total weight of the organic fertilizer, on a dry basis, the content of the bone calcium mud is 50-65wt%, the content of the furfural residue fermentation product is 20-35wt%, the content of ferrous sulfate is 8-15wt%, and the content of urea is 4-6wt%.

[0056] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned organic fertilizer, the method comprising: mixing bone calcium mud, furfural residue fermentation product, an inorganic iron source and a nitrogen source.

[0057] In some embodiments of the present invention, the method comprises:

[0058] (1) mixing bone calcium mud, furfural residue fermentation product, inorganic iron source and nitrogen source and granulating to obtain a granular material;

[0059] (2) drying the granular material to obtain the organic fertilizer.

[0060] In the present invention, the types and contents of the bone calcium mud, furfural residue fermentation product, inorganic iron source and nitrogen source are as described above and will not be repeated here.

[0061] In the present invention, the particle size of the granular material can be selected according to conventional methods in the art. Preferably, the particle size of the granular material is 2.0-4.0 mm.

[0062] In the present invention, the furfural residue fermentation product can be obtained according to a conventional fermentation method. In some embodiments of the present invention, the furfural residue fermentation product is prepared by the following method: furfural residue, a microbial decomposition agent, and an agent carrier are mixed and aerobic fermented to obtain the furfural residue fermentation product.

[0063] In some embodiments of the present invention, in order to make the microbial decomposition agent evenly distributed during mixing, the mixing is a step-by-step mixing method, that is, the microbial decomposition agent is first evenly mixed with the agent carrier, and then evenly mixed with the furfural residue.

[0064] In the present invention, the role of the bacterial agent carrier is to provide a nutrient source for the growth and reproduction of the microbial decomposition bacteria during the fermentation process, and also to serve as a carrier of the microbial decomposition agent. In some embodiments of the present invention, the bacterial agent carrier is at least one of corn flour, potato flour, and bran, preferably corn flour.

[0065] In some embodiments of the present invention, the aerobic fermentation conditions are: aeration rate of 15-20m 3 / ton / day, the moisture content of the mixed material is controlled at 50-55wt%, and the temperature is 60-70℃.

[0066] In some embodiments of the present invention, the aerobic fermentation further comprises turning the compost during the fermentation process. When the temperature of the mixed material does not exceed 70°C, the compost is turned once every 1-3 days; when the temperature of the mixed material exceeds 70°C, the compost is turned once a day.

[0067] In the present invention, there is no special requirement for the aerobic fermentation time, as long as the mixed material turns brown or dark brown and white mycelium communities visible to the naked eye are generated on the surface of the mixed material. Preferably, the aerobic fermentation time is 20-30 days.

[0068] In the present invention, the mixing may be carried out by conventional technical means in the art, which will not be described in detail here.

[0069] In the present invention, the drying may be performed by conventional techniques in the art, such as oven drying.

[0070] In some embodiments of the present invention, in the mixed material, the weight ratio of furfural residue, microbial decomposition agent, and agent carrier is 8000-10000:0.8-1.2:30-50 on a dry basis.

[0071] In the present invention, furfural residue refers to the by-product discharged during the furfural extraction process after corn cobs are cooked and decomposed under high temperature and high pressure for a long time in the presence of sulfuric acid.

[0072] In the present invention, the furfural residue can be purchased from a manufacturer that sells furfural residue on the market.

[0073] In some embodiments of the present invention, the furfural residue contains organic matter, humic acid, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and free acid. Based on the total weight of the furfural residue, the content of the organic matter is 74-76wt%, the content of the humic acid is 11.4-11.6wt%, the content of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 2-2.3wt%, the content of the free acid is 1.2-1.3wt%, and the rest is water and other components that do not affect the fertilizer efficiency of organic fertilizer. In some embodiments of the present invention, the pH of the furfural residue is 2.9-3.2. Among them, the free acid is mainly free sulfuric acid. Among them, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium refers to the sum of the N content, the phosphorus content in terms of P2O5 and the potassium content in terms of K2O.

[0074] In the present invention, the microbial composting agent is a bacterial agent that can decompose macromolecular organic compounds such as cellulose and hemicellulose in furfural residues, and can be a common bacterial agent with this function in the art. In order to more effectively decompose macromolecular organic compounds such as cellulose and hemicellulose in furfural residues, the strain in the microbial composting agent is an acid-resistant strain. Preferably, the microbial composting agent contains plant lactobacillus, bacillus coagulans, salt-tolerant yeast and an enzyme composition; wherein the enzyme composition contains crude cellulose enzyme, crude protein enzyme and crude starch enzyme. The microbial composting agent meets the following technical indicators: effective viable count ≥ 1×10 7 cfu / g, cellulose crude enzyme ≥30.0wt%, protein crude enzyme ≥5.0wt%, starch crude enzyme ≥15.0wt%.

[0075] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step (2), the drying conditions are such that the moisture content of the granular material is ≤30wt%.

[0076] In the present invention, in step (3), granulation can be carried out by conventional methods in the art, which will not be described in detail here.

[0077] The third aspect of the present invention provides an application of the above organic fertilizer in agricultural production.

[0078] The organic fertilizer of the present invention is used in agricultural production and has the advantages of rapid fertilizer effect, soil improvement and significant increase in crop yield and quality.

[0079] In some embodiments of the present invention, the application in agricultural production is an application for increasing crop yield, and more preferably an application for increasing crop yield and quality.

[0080] In the present invention, the application can be an application to common crops in the art, such as crops such as grains and oils, vegetables, and fruits. Preferably, the crops are vegetables and fruits. More preferably, the crops are peppers, strawberries, and apples.

[0081] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the application in agricultural production is the application in a greenhouse to increase crop yield.

[0082] In some embodiments of the present invention, the application in agricultural production is application in field agricultural production.

[0083] The present invention will be described in detail by way of examples. In the following examples, unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used can be obtained commercially. Among them, ferrous sulfate and urea meet the national agricultural grade standards.

[0084] Furfural residue was purchased from a furfural manufacturer. Based on the total weight of furfural residue, furfural residue contains 76% by weight of organic matter, 11.5% by weight of humic acid, 2.1% by weight of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, 1.27% by weight of free acid, and the rest is water and other components that do not affect the fertilizer effect of organic fertilizer, and the pH value is 3. The content of organic matter and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of furfural residue are measured with reference to NY525-2012 method, the content of humic acid is measured with reference to HG / T5332-2018, and the content of free acid is measured with reference to SNT0736.10-2013.

[0085] Microbial decomposition agent was purchased from Hebi Hengda Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with an effective viable count of ≥ 1 × 10 7 cfu / g, cellulose crude enzyme ≥30.0wt%, protein crude enzyme ≥5.0wt%, starch crude enzyme ≥15.0wt%.

[0086] Bone calcium mud is obtained by filtering and dehydrating the intermediate waste generated in the production process of bone gelatin, and its water content is 50% (the water content of the bone calcium mud actually used). Bone calcium mud meets the requirements shown in Table 1.

[0087] In the following examples, unless otherwise specified, all methods used are conventional methods in the art.

[0088] The total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O), mass fraction of organic matter, pH, total cadmium, total lead, total chromium, total mercury, total arsenic, fecal coliform count and ascaris egg mortality rate in organic fertilizers were tested according to the methods specified in the Agricultural Industry Standard NY525-2012 of the People's Republic of China.

[0089] In the examples and comparative examples, the granulated material was granulated to have a particle size of 2.0-4.0 mm.

[0090] In the embodiments, the organic matter content and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the furfural residue fermentation product are measured with reference to the NY525-2012 method, the humic acid content is measured with reference to HG / T5332-2018, and the free acid content is measured with reference to SNT0736.10-2013.

[0091] Example 1

[0092] This embodiment is used to illustrate the preparation of organic fertilizer A1 according to the method of the present invention.

[0093] (1) Preparation of furfural residue fermentation product: adopting a step-by-step mixing method, firstly mix the microbial decomposition agent and corn flour evenly, and then mix it evenly with the furfural residue. Among them, the weight ratio (dry basis weight) of the microbial decomposition agent, corn flour, and furfural residue is 3:150:26000, and a mixed material is obtained for aerobic fermentation. The conditions for aerobic fermentation are: the moisture content of the mixed material is controlled at 50-55wt%, the temperature is 60-70℃; the ventilation volume is 15-20m 3 / ton / day; when the temperature does not exceed 70 ℃, turn the pile every three days; when the temperature exceeds 70 ℃, turn the pile once a day, wait for the fermentation to turn brown or dark brown, and the fermentation product produces white mycelium communities visible to the naked eye (about 20-30 days), and obtain furfural residue fermentation product.

[0094] Based on the total weight of the furfural residue fermentation product, the content of organic matter is 60.5wt%, the content of humic acid is 13.3wt%, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1.7wt%, the content of free acid is 1.1wt%, and the rest is water and other components that do not affect the fertilizer efficiency of organic fertilizer. The pH of the furfural residue fermentation product is 5.1.

[0095] (2) The obtained furfural residue fermentation product is mixed evenly with bone calcium mud, ferrous sulfate, and urea to obtain a mixture. The weight (dry basis weight) ratio of the furfural residue fermentation product, bone calcium mud, ferrous sulfate, and urea is 26:60:10:4. The mixture is granulated to obtain a granular material;

[0096] (3) drying the granular material to a water content of ≤30wt% to obtain organic fertilizer A1.

[0097] Example 2

[0098] This embodiment is used to illustrate the preparation of organic fertilizer A2 according to the method of the present invention.

[0099] (1) Preparation of furfural residue fermentation product: adopting a step-by-step mixing method, firstly, the microbial decomposition agent and corn flour are evenly mixed, and then the furfural residue is evenly mixed. The weight ratio (dry basis weight) of the microbial decomposition agent, corn flour and furfural residue is 3:150:30000, and a mixed material is obtained, and aerobic fermentation is performed. The conditions for aerobic fermentation are: the water content of the mixed material is controlled at 50-55wt%, and the ventilation volume is 15-20m 3 / ton / day; when the temperature does not exceed 70 ℃, turn the pile every three days; when the temperature exceeds 70 ℃, turn the pile once a day, wait for the fermentation to turn brown or dark brown, and the fermentation product produces white mycelium communities visible to the naked eye (about 20-30 days), and obtain furfural residue fermentation product.

[0100] Based on the total weight of the furfural residue fermentation product, the content of organic matter is 60.8wt%, the content of humic acid is 13.4wt%, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1.7wt%, the content of free acid is 1.1wt%, and the rest is water and other components that do not affect the fertilizer effect of organic fertilizer; the pH of the furfural residue fermentation product is 5.0.

[0101] (2) Mixing the obtained furfural residue fermentation product with bone calcium mud, ferrous sulfate, and urea to obtain a mixture. The weight (dry basis weight) ratio of the furfural residue fermentation product, bone calcium mud, ferrous sulfate, and urea is 30:55:10:5. After mixing the mixture to obtain a granular material, granulation is performed;

[0102] (3) drying the granular material to a water content of ≤30wt% to obtain organic fertilizer A2.

[0103] Example 3

[0104] This embodiment is used to illustrate the preparation of organic fertilizer A3 according to the method of the present invention.

[0105] (1) Preparation of furfural residue fermentation product: adopting a step-by-step mixing method, firstly, the microbial decomposition agent and corn flour are uniformly mixed, and then the furfural residue is uniformly mixed. The weight ratio (dry basis weight) of the microbial decomposition agent, corn flour and furfural residue is 3:100:20000, and a mixed material is obtained, and aerobic fermentation is performed. The conditions for aerobic fermentation are: the water content of the mixed material is controlled at 50-55wt%, and the ventilation volume is 15-20m 3 / ton / day; when the temperature does not exceed 70 ℃, turn the pile every three days; when the temperature exceeds 70 ℃, turn the pile once a day, wait for the fermentation to turn brown or dark brown, and the fermentation product produces white mycelium communities visible to the naked eye (about 20-30 days), and obtain furfural residue fermentation product.

[0106] Based on the total weight of the furfural residue fermentation product, the content of organic matter is 59.0wt%, the content of humic acid is 13.1wt%, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1.6wt%, the content of free acid is 1.0wt%, and the rest is water and other components that do not affect the fertilizer effect of organic fertilizer; the pH of the furfural residue fermentation product is 5.2.

[0107] (2) uniformly mixing the obtained fermented furfural residue with bone calcium mud, ferrous sulfate, and urea to obtain a mixture. The weight (dry basis weight) ratio of the fermented furfural residue, bone calcium mud, ferrous sulfate, and urea is 20:65:9:6. After uniformly mixing the mixture, granulation is performed to obtain a granular material;

[0108] (3) drying the granular material to a water content of ≤30wt% to obtain organic fertilizer A3.

[0109] Comparative Example 1

[0110] This comparative example is used to illustrate the organic fertilizer prepared by conventional high temperature fermentation method.

[0111] (1) Mix bone calcium mud, ferrous sulfate, urea, furfural residue, corn flour, and microbial composting agent (adopt a step-by-step mixing method: first mix the microbial composting agent and corn flour evenly, and then mix them evenly with other raw materials), and subject the mixed materials to aerobic fermentation. Among them, the weight ratio (dry basis weight) of the microbial composting agent, corn flour, and furfural residue is 3:150:26000, and the weight ratio (dry basis weight) of furfural residue, bone calcium mud, ferrous sulfate, and urea is 26:60:10:4. The conditions for aerobic fermentation are: the water content of the mixed materials is controlled at 50-55wt%, and the ventilation volume is 15-20m 3 / ton / day; when the temperature does not exceed 70℃, turn the pile every three days; when the temperature exceeds 70℃, turn the pile once a day. When the fermentation turns brown or dark brown, and the fermented product produces white mycelium colonies visible to the naked eye (about 20-30 days), the fermented product is obtained.

[0112] (2) Granulating the obtained fermented product to obtain a granular material.

[0113] (3) drying the granular material to a water content of ≤30wt% to obtain an organic fertilizer DA1.

[0114] Comparative Example 2

[0115] This comparative example is used to illustrate the organic fertilizer prepared by conventional high temperature fermentation method.

[0116] (1) Mix bone calcium mud, ferrous sulfate, urea, furfural residue, corn flour, and microbial composting agent (adopt a step-by-step mixing method: first mix the microbial composting agent and corn flour evenly, and then mix with other raw materials), and subject the mixed materials to aerobic fermentation. Among them, the weight ratio (dry basis weight) of the microbial composting agent, corn flour, and furfural residue is 3:150:30000, and the weight ratio (dry basis weight) of furfural residue, bone calcium mud, ferrous sulfate, and urea is 30:55:10:5. The conditions for aerobic fermentation are: the water content of the mixed material is controlled at 50-55wt%, and the ventilation volume is 15-20m 3 / ton / day; when the temperature does not exceed 70℃, turn the pile every three days; when the temperature exceeds 70℃, turn the pile once a day. When the fermentation turns brown or dark brown, and the fermented product produces white mycelium colonies visible to the naked eye (about 20-30 days), the fermented product is obtained.

[0117] (2) Granulating the obtained fermented product to obtain a granular material.

[0118] (3) drying the granular material to a water content of ≤30wt% to obtain organic fertilizer DA2.

[0119] Comparative Example 3

[0120] This comparative example is used to illustrate the organic fertilizer prepared by conventional high temperature fermentation method.

[0121] (1) Mix bone calcium mud, ferrous sulfate, urea, furfural residue, corn flour, and microbial composting agent (adopt a step-by-step mixing method: first mix the microbial composting agent and corn flour evenly, and then mix with other raw materials), and subject the mixed materials to aerobic fermentation. Among them, the weight ratio (dry basis weight) of microbial composting agent, corn flour, and furfural residue is 3:150:20000, and the weight ratio (dry basis weight) of furfural residue, bone calcium mud, ferrous sulfate, and urea is 20:65:9:6. The conditions for aerobic fermentation are: the water content of the mixed materials is controlled at 50-55wt%, and the ventilation volume is 15-20m 3 / ton / day; when the temperature does not exceed 70℃, turn the pile every three days; when the temperature exceeds 70℃, turn the pile once a day. When the fermentation turns brown or dark brown, and the fermented product produces white mycelium colonies visible to the naked eye (about 20-30 days), the fermented product is obtained.

[0122] (2) Granulating the fermented product to obtain a granular material.

[0123] (3) drying the granular material to a water content of ≤30wt% to obtain organic fertilizer DA3.

[0124] Comparative Example 4

[0125] (1) Preparation of furfural residue fermentation product: Furfural residue fermentation product was prepared according to the method of step (1) of Example 1.

[0126] (2) The obtained fermented furfural residue is mixed evenly with bone calcium mud, ferrous sulfate and urea to obtain a mixture. The weight (dry basis weight) ratio of the fermented furfural residue, bone calcium mud, ferrous sulfate and urea is 55:30:10:5. The mixture is granulated to obtain a granular material.

[0127] (3) drying the granular material to a water content of ≤30wt%, to obtain organic fertilizer DA4.

[0128] Comparative Example 5

[0129] (1) Preparation of non-furfural residue organic raw material fermentation: sheep manure, mushroom residue, corn stalks, and microbial inoculants are mixed evenly, and the mixing ratio of sheep manure, mushroom residue, corn stalks, and microbial inoculants (dry basis weight) is 40:40:20:0.2 to obtain a mixed material, and aerobic fermentation is performed. The conditions for aerobic fermentation are as follows: the moisture content of the mixed material is controlled at 50-55wt%, the temperature is 60-70°C, the ventilation volume is 15-20m 3 / ton / day; when the temperature does not exceed 70 ℃, turn the pile every three days; when the temperature exceeds 70 ℃, turn the pile once a day, wait for the fermentation to turn brown or dark brown, and the fermentation product produces white mycelium communities visible to the naked eye (about 20-30 days), and obtain non-furfural residue fermentation product.

[0130] Among them, the microbial agent is the "organic material composting agent" of Jining Jinyijun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., which is a compound of Bacillus, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, yeast, lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes, etc., and meets the implementation standard NY1109-2006, with effective live bacteria ≥ 20 billion / gram.

[0131] (2) uniformly mixing the obtained non-furfural residue fermentation product with bone calcium mud, ferrous sulfate, and urea to obtain a mixture. The mixing weight (dry basis weight) ratio of the non-furfural residue fermentation product, bone calcium mud, ferrous sulfate, and urea is 30:55:10:5. Granulating the mixture to obtain a granular material;

[0132] (3) drying the granular material to a water content of ≤30wt%, to obtain organic fertilizer DA5.

[0133] Test Example 1

[0134] This test example is used to detect the technical indicators of organic fertilizer.

[0135] The organic fertilizers prepared in the above examples and comparative examples were tested according to the technical indicators specified in the agricultural industry standard NY525-2012 of the People's Republic of China, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0136] Table 2

[0137]

[0138] Table 2 (continued)

[0139]

[0140] Test Example 2

[0141] This test example is used to detect the limit indicators of organic fertilizers.

[0142] Organic fertilizers A1-A3 were tested according to the limit indicators specified in NY525-2012. The results showed that the total cadmium, total lead, total chromium, total mercury, total arsenic, fecal coliform count and ascaris egg mortality rate of organic fertilizers A1-A3 all met the limit indicator requirements specified in NY525-2012.

[0143] Test Example 3

[0144] This test example is used to illustrate the fertilizer effect of organic fertilizer.

[0145] In order to verify the fertilizer effect of the organic fertilizer produced by the technical method of the present invention, field fertilizer effect comparison tests were carried out using organic fertilizer A1 and organic fertilizer DA1 in Sharqin 1 Village, Sharqin Town, Donghe District, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia and Haringer Village, Jiuyuan District.

[0146] Test 1:

[0147] Test period: May 19, 2021 - October 16, 2021

[0148] Test location: Shaerqin Village 1, Shaerqin Town, Donghe District, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia

[0149] Test crop: pepper, variety: Wutai No. 1

[0150] Landform type: Piedmont sloping plain

[0151] Soil type and texture: chestnut soil; light loam

[0152] Test area: Total area 1 mu, divided into 2 small areas, each area 0.5 mu

[0153] Experimental treatment: On May 20, 2021, organic fertilizer A1 and organic fertilizer DA1 were applied to two plots, numbered 1 and 2 respectively (No. 2 was applied with DA1 as the control); among them, the application amount of organic fertilizer was 600 kg / mu, and the application method was basal application.

[0154] Top dressing: On July 20, 2021, apply compound fertilizer (10-15-20, that is, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is N: P2O5: K2O = 10:15:20) once, 15kg / mu.

[0155] The differences in field growth between plot 1 and plot 2 were observed, and it was found that there was no obvious difference in the growth of peppers from seedling emergence to flowering and fruiting period. The peppers in plot 2 showed slight symptoms of nutrient deficiency in the later stage of growth.

[0156] After the peppers matured, the yields of plot 1 and plot 2 were compared, and the results are shown in Table 3.

[0157] Table 3

[0158] Cell number Yield (kg / mu) 1 4630 2 4380

[0159] It can be seen that the yield of plot 1 increased by 249 kg / mu compared with that of plot 2, with a yield increase of 5.6%.

[0160] Test 2:

[0161] Test period: January 8, 2021 - May 26, 2021

[0162] Test location: Halinger Village, Jiuyuan District, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia

[0163] Test crops: Tomato, variety: Strawberry tomato;

[0164] Landform type: Alluvial plain

[0165] Soil type and texture: chestnut soil; medium soil

[0166] Test area: Total area 1 mu, divided into 2 small areas, each area 0.5 mu

[0167] Experimental treatment: On January 8, 2021, organic fertilizer A1 and organic fertilizer DA1 were applied to two plots, numbered 3 and 4 respectively (No. 4 was the control); among them, the application amount of organic fertilizer was 600 kg / mu, and the application method was basal application.

[0168] Topdressing: 8kg / mu of urea was applied 10 days after planting; 10kg / mu of compound fertilizer (15-15-15, i.e., the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium N: P2O5: K2O = 15:15:15) was applied after the first and second ears of tomato fruits were formed; 15kg / mu of compound fertilizer (10-15-25, i.e., the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium N: P2O5: K2O = 10:15:25) was applied when tomatoes entered the peak fruiting period. Among them, compound fertilizers were purchased from the agricultural supply market.

[0169] The differences in field growth between Plot 3 and Plot 4 were observed, and the results showed that: Differences in field growth: From transplanting to harvesting, there was no significant difference in the growth of tomatoes between Plot 3 and Plot 4 (control) during the entire growth period.

[0170] After the tomatoes matured, the yields of plot 3 and plot 4 were compared, and the results are shown in Table 4.

[0171] Table 4

[0172] Cell number Yield (kg / mu) 3 8170 4 7840

[0173] It can be seen that the yield of plot 3 increased by 330kg / mu compared with that of plot 4, and the yield increase was 4.2%.

[0174] From the above results, it can be seen that organic fertilizer A1 can increase the yield of pepper and tomato compared with organic fertilizer DA1.

[0175] The same field fertilizer efficiency comparison test was conducted on organic fertilizers A2, DA2, A3, and DA3. The results showed that organic fertilizer A2 could further increase the yield of peppers and tomatoes compared with organic fertilizer DA2, and organic fertilizer A3 could further increase the yield of peppers and tomatoes compared with organic fertilizer DA3.

[0176] Test Example 4

[0177] The present invention is used to further analyze and illustrate the fertilizer effect of the organic fertilizer of the present invention.

[0178] Test period: October 16, 2020 - November 20, 2021

[0179] Test location: Yangtan Village, Quwo County, Shanxi Province

[0180] Test crops: Apple (Red Fuji), 9-year-old tree, 65 trees per mu, 4.0m row spacing, 2.5m plant spacing.

[0181] Landform type: Piedmont sloping plain

[0182] Soil type and soil texture: calcareous brown soil; medium soil

[0183] Field design: Set up 9 plots, each plot is 14.0M long, 3.5M wide, and has a net area of ​​49㎡ (5 plants per plot). The plots are arranged in random blocks, and protection rows are set.

[0184] Experimental treatment: On October 16, 2020, organic fertilizer DA4, organic fertilizer DA5, and organic fertilizer A1 were applied to 3 plots (as shown in Table 5), and the treatment numbers were 1, 2, and 3, respectively; each organic fertilizer application was repeated 3 times, and each repetition was numbered I, II, and III, respectively; among them, the application amount of organic fertilizer was 600 kg / mu, and the application method was basal application (applied as basal fertilizer).

[0185] Table 5

[0186] Processing number Processing content 1 DA4: 600Kg / mu (basic application) 2 DA5: 600Kg / mu (basic application) 3 A1: 600Kg / mu (basic fertilizer

[0187] Field management: Spring pruning and garden cleaning were carried out on January 10, 2021; compound fertilizer (17-17-17, i.e., the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is N: P2O5: K2O = 17:17:17) 30 kg / mu was applied to the root zone on March 19, 2021; watering was carried out twice on March 20 and May 6, 2021, with a watering amount of about 50m 3 / times; control of red spider mites, aphids, borer borers, beetles, powdery mildew and other pests and diseases for a total of 5 times; among them, the compound fertilizer was purchased from the agricultural supplies market.

[0188] On November 15, 2021, the yields of treatments 1, 2, and 3 were compared and converted into yield per mu. The results are shown in Table 6.

[0189] Table 6

[0190]

[0191] The above results were subjected to variance analysis, and it can be seen from the results that the average yield of treatment number 3, 194.3, is significantly higher than the average yield of treatment number 2, 181.3 (the statistical significance level p value is 0.001) and the average yield of treatment number 1, 168.8 (the statistical significance level p value is 0.001).

[0192] The test results show that the fertilizer efficiency of organic fertilizer A1 is significantly higher than that of organic fertilizer DA4 and organic fertilizer DA5, with the yield increase reaching 15.1% and 7.2% respectively.

[0193] The same field fertilizer efficiency comparison test was conducted on organic fertilizers A2 and A3. The results showed that organic fertilizers A2 and A3 could further increase apple yield compared with organic fertilizers DA4 and DA5.

[0194] It can be seen from Test Example 2 that the organic matter mass fraction (on a drying basis) of the organic fertilizer prepared according to the method of the present invention is significantly improved compared with the organic fertilizer prepared by the conventional high-temperature fermentation method; when the furfural residue fermentation product in the organic fertilizer is replaced by other common components of organic fertilizer, the organic matter content cannot reach the organic matter content that is difficult to meet the requirements of NY525-2012.

[0195] It can be seen from the results of Test Example 3 that the organic fertilizer prepared according to the method of the present invention can further increase the yield of crops compared with the organic fertilizer prepared by the conventional high-temperature fermentation method.

[0196] It can be seen from the results of Test Example 4 that there is a synergistic effect between the various components and contents of the organic fertilizer of the present application, and when the components in the organic fertilizer are not within the scope of the present invention (organic fertilizer DA4) or the furfural residue fermentation product is replaced with other commonly used components of organic fertilizers (organic fertilizer DA5), the effect of the obtained organic fertilizer is poor.

[0197] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the technical concept of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention can be subjected to a variety of simple modifications, including the combination of various technical features in any other suitable manner, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present invention and belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An organic fertilizer, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer is composed of bone calcium mud, fermented furfural residue, inorganic iron source and nitrogen source; Wherein, based on the total weight of the organic fertilizer, on a dry basis, the content of the bone calcium mud is 50-65wt%, the pH value of the bone calcium mud is 8.3-9, the content of the fermented furfural residue is 20-35wt%, the content of the inorganic iron source calculated as Fe is 1.5-4wt%, and the content of the nitrogen source calculated as N is 0.9-3wt%; Bone calcium mud is a mixed precipitate containing bone chips, animal fats, calcium phosphate crystals, fat saponification products and animal collagen produced in the various processes of gelatin extraction using the "alkali method"; The furfural residue fermentation product is prepared by the following method: mixing furfural residue, a microbial decomposition agent and a microbial agent carrier for aerobic fermentation to obtain the furfural residue fermentation product, wherein the microbial agent carrier is at least one of corn flour, potato flour and bran; Wherein, the preparation method of described organic fertilizer comprises: (1) mixing bone calcium mud, fermented furfural residue, an inorganic iron source and a nitrogen source and granulating the mixture to obtain a granular material; (2) Drying the granular material to obtain the organic fertilizer.

2. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein On a dry basis, the content of organic matter in the bone calcium paste is ≥52wt%; and / or, on a dry basis, the content of phosphorus in the bone calcium paste as P2O5 is ≥7.5wt%; and / or, on a dry basis, the nitrogen content of the bone calcium paste is ≥ 2wt%; and / or, on a dry basis, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the bone calcium paste is ≥ 9.5wt%, where the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium refers to the sum of the N content, the phosphorus content calculated as P2O5 and the potassium content calculated as K2O; and / or, on a dry basis, the calcium content in the bone calcium paste is ≥ 11wt%; And / or, on a dry basis, the magnesium content in the bone calcium paste is ≥5.46wt%.

3. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The furfural residue fermentation product contains organic matter, humic acid, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and free acid. Based on the total weight of the furfural residue fermentation product, the content of the organic matter is 58.5-63.3wt%, the content of the humic acid is 13.1-13.6wt%, the content of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1.6-1.9wt%, and the content of the free acid is 1-1.1wt%; the pH of the furfural residue fermentation product is 4.5-5.

3.

4. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The inorganic iron source is at least one of ferrous sulfate and ferric chloride; And / or, the nitrogen source is at least one of urea, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate.

5. The organic fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein The inorganic iron source is ferrous sulfate; And / or, the nitrogen source is urea.

6. A method for preparing the organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The method comprises: (1) mixing bone calcium mud, fermented furfural residue, an inorganic iron source and a nitrogen source and granulating the mixture to obtain a granular material; (2) drying the granular material to obtain the organic fertilizer; The pH value of the bone calcium mud is 8.3-9, and the furfural residue fermentation product is prepared by the following method: furfural residue, microbial decomposition agent and a bacterial agent carrier are mixed for aerobic fermentation to obtain furfural residue fermentation product, and the bacterial agent carrier is at least one of corn flour, potato flour and bran.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein: The conditions for aerobic fermentation are: ventilation volume of 15-20m 3 / ton / day, control the moisture content of the mixed material at 50-55wt%, and the temperature at 60-70℃; And / or, the aerobic fermentation time is 20-30 days; And / or, in the mixed material, the weight ratio of furfural residue, microbial decomposition agent, and agent carrier is 8000-10000:0.8-1.2:30-50 on a dry basis; And / or, the furfural residue contains organic matter, humic acid, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and free acid, based on the total weight of the furfural residue, the content of the organic matter is 74-76wt%, the content of the humic acid is 11.4-11.6wt%, the content of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 2-2.3wt%, and the content of the free acid is 1.2-1.3wt%; and / or, the pH of the furfural residue is 2.9-3.2; And / or, the bacterial agent carrier is corn flour.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein: In step (2), the drying conditions are such that the moisture content of the granular material is ≤30wt%.

9. Application of the organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in agricultural production.

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