Ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning-milling-grinding machine tool and processing method

Abstract

The application provides an ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning-milling-grinding machine tool and a machining method, and relates to the technical field of machining.The ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning-milling-grinding machine tool comprises a mounting seat, a clamping mechanism, a first vibrating mechanism, a second vibrating mechanism and a laser heating mechanism.The ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning-milling-grinding machine tool effectively reduces tool wear, improves workpiece machining quality, avoids repeated positioning and clamping during machining, reduces machining time and improves machining efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machining technology, and more specifically, to an ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning, milling, and grinding machine tool and its machining method. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of machining, cutting is often used to perform subtractive processing on workpieces. However, when the workpiece is made of a hard and brittle material, traditional cutting methods are difficult to use, resulting in large cutting forces and vibrations, which can easily lead to tool wear and poor workpiece surface finish. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve the problem that current cutting methods easily lead to tool wear and poor workpiece surface quality.

[0004] To address the above problems, this invention provides an ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning, milling, and grinding machine tool, comprising:

[0005] Mounting base;

[0006] A clamping mechanism, disposed on the mounting base, is used to clamp a workpiece and drive the workpiece to rotate relative to the clamping mechanism about a first horizontal axis, or to clamp a cutting tool and drive the cutting tool to rotate relative to the clamping mechanism about the first horizontal axis. The clamping mechanism includes a turning spindle rotatable about the first horizontal axis and a chuck disposed at the end of the turning spindle. The chuck has a first axial direction and a first radial direction.

[0007] The first vibration mechanism includes a first slide and a two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table. The first slide is mounted on the mounting base and is used to slide relative to the mounting base in a first horizontal direction and a second horizontal direction. The two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table is disposed on the first slide and is used for mounting the cutting tool or the workpiece, and is used to vibrate along the first axial direction and the first radial direction. The first horizontal direction is parallel to the first horizontal axis, and the second horizontal direction is perpendicular to the first horizontal direction.

[0008] The second vibration mechanism includes a second slide, a rotating shaft, and an ultrasonic vibration tool holder. The second slide is mounted on the mounting base and is used to slide relative to the mounting base along a third horizontal direction, a first vertical direction, and a fourth horizontal direction. The rotating shaft is mounted on the second slide and is used to rotate relative to the second slide about a second horizontal axis. The ultrasonic vibration tool holder is disposed on the rotating shaft and is used to mount the cutting tool and to vibrate along the second vertical direction. The third horizontal direction is parallel to the first horizontal axis, the fourth horizontal direction is perpendicular to the third horizontal direction, and the second horizontal axis is perpendicular to the fourth horizontal direction.

[0009] A laser heating mechanism is used to laser heat the workpiece clamped in the clamping mechanism or the workpiece mounted on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning, milling and grinding machine tool provided by the present invention has, but is not limited to, the following technical effects:

[0011] In the ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning, milling, and grinding machine tool provided by this invention, the laser heating mechanism can laser heat the workpiece clamped in the clamping mechanism or the workpiece mounted on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table. This laser heating rapidly increases the temperature of the workpiece's processing area, softening the workpiece material, reducing its surface hardness and brittleness, making it easier to cut, reducing tool wear, and improving workpiece processing quality. Furthermore, since the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table can vibrate along the first axial direction and the first radial direction, it can drive the cutting tool or workpiece on it to perform two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration in both directions. Additionally, the ultrasonic vibration tool holder can vibrate along a second vertical direction. This allows the ultrasonic vibrating tool holder to drive the cutting tool to perform one-dimensional ultrasonic vibration along the second vertical direction. During the cutting process, the ultrasonic vibration of the cutting tool or workpiece combines with mechanical cutting, causing changes in the contact state and action mechanism between the cutting tool and the workpiece. It combines the mechanical cutting action with the high-frequency micro-impact and ultrasonic cavitation effects of ultrasonic vibration. This alters the material removal mechanism, reduces the friction between the cutting tool and the workpiece, shortens the contact time, and enhances the cutting action, thereby reducing cutting force, further reducing tool wear, and improving workpiece machining quality. Furthermore, the clamping mechanism can clamp the workpiece and drive it... The clamping mechanism rotates around a first horizontal axis, or clamps a cutting tool and drives the cutting tool to rotate relative to the clamping mechanism around the first horizontal axis, so that either the workpiece or the cutting tool can be clamped to the clamping mechanism and rotated. Simultaneously, a two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table can be used to mount the cutting tool or the workpiece, allowing either the workpiece or the cutting tool to be mounted onto the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table. Furthermore, the rotating shaft can rotate relative to the second slide around a second horizontal axis, and the ultrasonic vibration tool holder on the rotating shaft can be used to mount the cutting tool, allowing the cutting tool to be mounted onto the ultrasonic vibration tool holder and rotated. Thus, various processing methods can be combined. Specifically, the workpiece can be clamped in the clamping mechanism, and a lathe tool can be mounted on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table to perform two-dimensional vibration on the workpiece. Turning can be performed by clamping the workpiece in a clamping mechanism and mounting a milling cutter on an ultrasonic vibrating tool holder for one-dimensional vibration milling. Alternatively, the workpiece can be clamped on a two-dimensional ultrasonic vibrating table and a milling cutter on an ultrasonic vibrating tool holder for three-dimensional vibration milling. Furthermore, the workpiece can be clamped on a two-dimensional ultrasonic vibrating table and a grinding wheel on a clamping mechanism for two-dimensional vibration grinding. Finally, the workpiece can be clamped on a two-dimensional ultrasonic vibrating table and a grinding wheel on an ultrasonic vibrating tool holder for three-dimensional vibration grinding. In other words, multiple operations such as turning, milling, and grinding can be performed on the workpiece, as well as one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration cutting. This avoids repeated positioning and clamping during processing, reduces processing time, and improves processing efficiency.In summary, this method effectively reduces tool wear, improves workpiece machining quality, and avoids repeated positioning and clamping during machining, thus reducing machining time and increasing machining efficiency.

[0012] Optionally, the laser heating mechanism includes a third slide and a laser head. The third slide is located above the mounting base and is used to slide along a fifth horizontal direction and a third vertical direction. The laser head is located on the third slide, wherein the fifth horizontal direction is parallel to the first horizontal axis.

[0013] Optionally, the laser heating mechanism further includes a gantry frame, a first sliding module, and a second sliding module. The gantry frame is disposed on the upper end surface of the mounting base. The first sliding module is disposed on the top beam of the gantry frame and extends along the fifth horizontal direction. The second sliding module is slidably mounted on the first sliding module along the length direction of the first sliding module and extends along the third vertical direction.

[0014] The third slide block is slidably mounted on the second sliding module along the length direction of the second sliding module.

[0015] Optionally, the third slide is provided with a first rotary motor, the first rotary motor is arranged along the third vertical direction, and a second rotary motor is connected to the output shaft of the first rotary motor, the second rotary motor being arranged horizontally;

[0016] The laser head is connected to the output shaft of the second rotary motor.

[0017] Optionally, the upper end face of the mounting base is provided with a third sliding module, the third sliding module extends along the first horizontal direction, the third sliding module is provided with a fourth sliding module, the fourth sliding module is slidably disposed along the length direction of the third sliding module, and extends along the second horizontal direction;

[0018] The first slide block is slidably mounted on the fourth sliding module along the length direction of the fourth sliding module.

[0019] Optionally, the upper surface of the mounting base is provided with a fifth sliding module, the fifth sliding module extends along the third horizontal direction, the fifth sliding module is provided with a sixth sliding module, the sixth sliding module is slidably disposed along the length direction of the fifth sliding module and extends along the first vertical direction, the sixth sliding module is provided with a seventh sliding module, the seventh sliding module is slidably disposed along the length direction of the sixth sliding module, and the seventh sliding module is provided with a mounting channel extending along the fourth horizontal direction;

[0020] The second slide is slidably mounted in the mounting channel along the length of the mounting channel.

[0021] In addition, the present invention also provides an ultrasonic composite laser-assisted machining method, based on the ultrasonic composite laser-assisted milling and turning machine tool described above, wherein the ultrasonic composite laser-assisted machining method includes:

[0022] Obtain the machining plan for the workpiece;

[0023] When the processing scheme is turning, the ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning and milling machine tool is used to perform two-dimensional vibration turning on the workpiece.

[0024] When the processing scheme is milling, the ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning and milling machine tool is used to perform one-dimensional vibration milling or three-dimensional vibration milling on the workpiece;

[0025] When the processing scheme is grinding, the ultrasonic composite laser-assisted milling and grinding machine tool is used to perform two-dimensional vibration grinding or three-dimensional vibration grinding on the workpiece.

[0026] Compared with existing technologies, the ultrasonic-laser-assisted processing method provided by this invention has, but is not limited to, the following technical effects:

[0027] In the ultrasonic composite laser-assisted processing method provided by the present invention, according to different processing schemes of the workpiece, ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning, milling and grinding machine tools are used to perform two-dimensional vibration turning, one-dimensional vibration milling, three-dimensional vibration milling, two-dimensional vibration grinding and three-dimensional vibration grinding, which not only meets the different processing requirements of the workpiece, but also effectively reduces tool wear and improves the processing quality of the workpiece.

[0028] Optionally, the two-dimensional vibration turning includes:

[0029] The workpiece is clamped on the chuck of the clamping mechanism;

[0030] The cutting tool is mounted on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table;

[0031] Start the clamping mechanism and the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table so that the cutting tool performs the two-dimensional vibration turning on the workpiece.

[0032] Optionally, the one-dimensional vibration milling includes: clamping the workpiece on the chuck of the clamping mechanism; mounting the milling cutter on the ultrasonic vibration tool holder; activating the clamping mechanism and the ultrasonic vibration tool holder to cause the milling cutter to perform the one-dimensional vibration milling on the workpiece; or,

[0033] The three-dimensional vibration milling includes: mounting the workpiece on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table; mounting the milling cutter on the ultrasonic vibration tool holder; and activating the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table and the ultrasonic vibration tool holder to enable the milling cutter to perform the three-dimensional vibration milling on the workpiece.

[0034] Optionally, the two-dimensional vibration grinding includes: mounting the workpiece on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table; clamping the grinding wheel on the chuck of the clamping mechanism; activating the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table and the clamping mechanism to cause the grinding wheel to perform the two-dimensional vibration grinding on the workpiece; or,

[0035] The three-dimensional vibration grinding includes: mounting the workpiece on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table; mounting the grinding wheel on the ultrasonic vibration tool holder; and activating the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table and the ultrasonic vibration tool holder to enable the grinding wheel to perform the three-dimensional vibration grinding on the workpiece. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning, milling, and grinding machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial structural schematic diagram of a medium-intensity ultrasonic composite laser-assisted milling and turning machine tool from a certain perspective;

[0038] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a section of a medium-intensity ultrasonic composite laser-assisted milling and turning machine tool from another perspective;

[0039] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the laser heating mechanism.

[0040] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0041] 1-Mounting base, 11-Third sliding module, 12-Fourth sliding module, 13-Fifth sliding module, 14-Sixth sliding module, 15-Seventh sliding module, 16-Boss, 17-Chip removal groove, 171-Chip removal device, 2-Clamping mechanism, 3-First vibration mechanism, 31-First slide block, 32-Two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table, 4-Second vibration mechanism, 41-Second slide block, 42-Rotation shaft, 43-Ultrasonic vibration tool holder, 5-Laser heating mechanism, 51-Third slide block, 511-First rotary motor, 512-Second rotary motor, 52-Laser head, 53-Gantry frame, 54-First sliding module, 55-Second sliding module. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that if the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", and "right" are used, they indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0044] Furthermore, in the description of this invention, the X-axis in the accompanying drawings represents the horizontal direction and is designated as the left and right position, with the positive direction of the X-axis representing the left and the negative direction of the X-axis representing the right; the Y-axis in the accompanying drawings also represents the horizontal direction and is designated as the front and back position, with the positive direction of the Y-axis representing the front and the negative direction of the Y-axis representing the back; the Z-axis in the accompanying drawings represents the vertical direction, that is, the up and down position, with the positive direction of the Z-axis representing the top and the negative direction of the Z-axis representing the bottom. It should be noted that the aforementioned representations of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0045] This invention provides an ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning, milling, and grinding machine tool. Figures 1 to 4 This is an embodiment of the ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning, milling, and grinding machine tool provided by the present invention.

[0046] Please refer to Figure 1 The ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning, milling, and grinding machine tool includes a mounting base 1, a clamping mechanism 2, a first vibration mechanism 3, a second vibration mechanism 4, and a laser heating mechanism 5. The clamping mechanism 2 is mounted on the mounting base 1 and is used to clamp the workpiece and drive it to rotate relative to the clamping mechanism 2 about a first horizontal axis, or to clamp the cutting tool and drive it to rotate relative to the clamping mechanism 2 about a first horizontal axis. The clamping mechanism 2 includes a turning spindle rotatable about the first horizontal axis and a chuck disposed at the end of the turning spindle. The chuck has a first axial direction and a first radial direction. The first vibration mechanism 3 includes a first slide 31 and a two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32 (see details). Figure 2 and Figure 3 The first slide 31 is mounted on the mounting base 1 and is used to slide relative to the mounting base 1 in a first horizontal direction and a second horizontal direction. The two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32 is disposed on the first slide 31 and is used for mounting cutting tools or workpieces and for vibration along a first axial direction and a first radial direction. The first horizontal direction is parallel to the first horizontal axis, and the second horizontal direction is perpendicular to the first horizontal direction. The second vibration mechanism 4 includes a second slide 41, a rotating shaft 42, and an ultrasonic vibration tool holder 43 (see details). Figure 2 and Figure 3The second slide 41 is mounted on the mounting base 1 and is used to slide relative to the mounting base 1 in the third horizontal direction, the first vertical direction and the fourth horizontal direction. The rotating shaft 42 is mounted on the second slide 41 and is used to rotate relative to the second slide 41 about the second horizontal axis. The ultrasonic vibration tool holder 43 is provided on the rotating shaft 42 and is used to mount the cutting tool and to vibrate in the second vertical direction. The third horizontal direction is parallel to the first horizontal axis, the fourth horizontal direction is perpendicular to the third horizontal direction, and the second horizontal axis is perpendicular to the fourth horizontal direction. The laser heating mechanism 5 is used to perform laser heating on the workpiece clamped in the clamping mechanism 2 or the workpiece mounted on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32.

[0047] Specifically, the mounting base 1 is made of marble, and a boss 16 is usually provided on the upper surface of the mounting base 1. The clamping mechanism 2 and the first vibration mechanism 3 are both located on the boss 16. The laser heating mechanism 5 and the second vibration mechanism 4 are located on other areas of the upper surface of the mounting base 1 to avoid interference between the mechanisms and facilitate better cutting. The clamping mechanism 2 usually includes a clamping base, a turning spindle that can rotate around a first horizontal axis, and a chuck located at the end of the turning spindle. The turning spindle is usually connected to a drive motor, which drives the turning spindle to rotate. The clamping mechanism 2 is used to clamp workpieces or cutting tools and drive the workpieces or cutting tools to rotate relative to the clamping mechanism 2 about a first horizontal axis. Specifically, when the clamping mechanism 2 clamps a workpiece, the workpiece can be clamped on the chuck, and during cutting, the turning spindle is driven to rotate by a drive motor, thereby causing the workpiece on the chuck at the end of the turning spindle to rotate about the first horizontal axis. When the clamping mechanism 2 clamps a cutting tool, the cutting tool can be clamped on the chuck, and during cutting, the turning spindle is driven to rotate by a drive motor, thereby causing the cutting tool on the chuck at the end of the turning spindle to rotate about the first horizontal axis. The cutting tool can be a lathe tool, a milling cutter, or a grinding wheel, preferably using the clamping mechanism 2 to clamp a grinding wheel. The chuck of the clamping mechanism 2 has a first axial direction and a first radial direction. Since the chuck is integrated with the turning spindle, the first axial direction and the first radial direction can also be understood as the axial direction and the first radial direction of the turning spindle.

[0048] The first slide 31 of the first vibration mechanism 3 is used to slide along the first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction. That is, the first slide 31 can slide relative to the mounting base 1 along the first horizontal direction or along the second horizontal direction, so that the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32 on the first slide 31 is close to the ultrasonic vibration tool holder 43 or the clamping mechanism 2. The two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32 of the first vibration mechanism 3 is used for mounting cutting tools or workpieces. The cutting tools can be turning tools, milling cutters or grinding wheels. It is preferred to use the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32 to mount turning tools. When the turning tool is mounted on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32, the first slide 31 can be slid along the first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction before cutting, so as to feed the turning tool to the zero point of the coordinate system for machining the workpiece. When the workpiece is mounted on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32, it is not necessary to slide the first slide 31, but instead slide the second slide 41 of the second vibration mechanism 4. The present invention does not limit the specific mounting method of the cutting tool or workpiece on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32. For example, a tool mounting interface can be provided on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32, and the tool can be directly installed in the tool mounting interface. Alternatively, a fixture can be provided on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32 to directly clamp the cutting tool or workpiece. The specific structure of the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32 is also not limited. For example, the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32 includes a vibration plate, and an ultrasonic vibrator is connected to each of the adjacent two sides of the vibration plate. The ultrasonic vibrators drive the vibration plate to vibrate along the first axial direction and along the first radial direction, respectively, so that the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32 vibrates along the first axial direction and the first radial direction.

[0049] The second slide 41 of the second vibration mechanism 4 is used to slide along the third horizontal direction, the first vertical direction, and the fourth horizontal direction. That is, the second slide 41 can slide relative to the mounting base 1 along the third horizontal direction, the first vertical direction, and the fourth horizontal direction, so that the ultrasonic vibrating tool holder 43 can approach the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32 or the clamping mechanism 2. The ultrasonic vibrating tool holder 43 of the second vibration mechanism 4 is used for mounting cutting tools. The cutting tools can be turning tools, milling cutters, or grinding wheels. It is preferred to use the ultrasonic vibrating tool holder 43 to mount milling cutters and grinding wheels. When the ultrasonic vibrating tool holder 43 is used to mount the cutting tool, the second slide 41 can be slid along the third horizontal direction, the first vertical direction, and the fourth horizontal direction before cutting, so as to feed the cutting tool of the ultrasonic vibrating tool holder 43 to the zero point of the coordinate system for machining the workpiece. When mounting the cutting tool to the ultrasonic vibrating tool holder 43, it can be directly inserted into the ultrasonic vibrating tool holder 43 to realize the mounting of the cutting tool. It should be noted that the ultrasonic vibrating tool holder 43 is a conventional tool in the art, and the present invention will not describe it in detail. The rotating shaft 42 of the second vibration mechanism 4 is used to rotate relative to the second slide 41 around the second horizontal axis. A drive motor can be connected to the rotating shaft 42 to drive the rotating shaft 42 to rotate.

[0050] The laser heating mechanism 5 is used to laser heat the workpiece clamped in the clamping mechanism 2 or the workpiece installed on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32. The laser heating mechanism 5 can be set separately from the mounting base 1 or it can be set as an integral part. Taking the laser heating mechanism 5 set on the mounting base 1 as an example, when the surface of the workpiece material is hard and brittle and difficult to process, the laser heating mechanism 5 can laser heat the workpiece at the clamping point, so that the temperature of the area to be processed on the workpiece rises rapidly, thereby softening the workpiece material, reducing the hardness and brittleness of the workpiece surface, making the workpiece easier to cut, reducing tool wear, and improving the workpiece processing quality.

[0051] In the ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning, milling, and grinding machine tool provided by this invention, the laser heating mechanism 5 can laser heat the workpiece clamped in the clamping mechanism 2 or the workpiece mounted on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32. Therefore, by laser heating the workpiece, the temperature of the workpiece's processing area rapidly increases, softening the workpiece material, reducing the surface hardness and brittleness, making the workpiece easier to cut, reducing tool wear, and improving workpiece processing quality. Furthermore, since the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32 can vibrate along the first axial direction and the first radial direction, it can drive the cutting tool or workpiece on it to perform two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration in both directions. And, since the ultrasonic vibration tool holder 43 can vibrate along... The second vertical vibration enables the ultrasonic vibrating tool holder 43 to drive the cutting tool to perform one-dimensional ultrasonic vibration along the second vertical direction. During the cutting process, the ultrasonic vibration of the cutting tool or workpiece is combined with mechanical cutting, which changes the contact state and action mechanism between the cutting tool and the workpiece. There is both the mechanical cutting effect brought by mechanical cutting and the high-frequency micro-impact effect and ultrasonic cavitation effect brought by ultrasonic vibration. As a result, the material removal mechanism of the workpiece is changed, the friction between the cutting tool and the workpiece is reduced, the contact time between the cutting tool and the workpiece is reduced, and the cutting removal effect of the cutting tool on the workpiece is enhanced. This helps to reduce the cutting force, further reduce tool wear, and improve the workpiece processing quality.Furthermore, since the clamping mechanism 2 can clamp the workpiece and drive it to rotate relative to the clamping mechanism 2 around the first horizontal axis, or clamp the cutting tool and drive it to rotate relative to the clamping mechanism 2 around the first horizontal axis, both the workpiece and the cutting tool can be clamped to the clamping mechanism 2 and rotated. Simultaneously, the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32 can be used to mount the cutting tool or the workpiece, allowing either the workpiece or the cutting tool to be mounted on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32. Also, the rotating shaft 42 can rotate relative to the second slide 41 around the second horizontal axis, and the ultrasonic vibration tool holder 43 on the rotating shaft 42 can be used to mount the cutting tool, allowing the cutting tool to be mounted on the ultrasonic vibration tool holder 43 and rotated. Thus, various processing methods can be combined. Specifically, the workpiece can be clamped in the clamping mechanism 2, and a cutting tool can be mounted on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32. The ultrasonic vibration table can be used for two-dimensional vibration turning of the workpiece. Alternatively, the workpiece can be clamped in clamping mechanism 2, and a milling cutter can be mounted on the ultrasonic vibration tool holder 43 for one-dimensional vibration milling. The workpiece can also be mounted on a two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32, and a milling cutter can be mounted on the ultrasonic vibration tool holder 43 for three-dimensional vibration milling. Furthermore, the workpiece can be mounted on a two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32, and a grinding wheel can be clamped on clamping mechanism 2 for two-dimensional vibration grinding. Similarly, the workpiece can be mounted on a two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32, and a grinding wheel can be mounted on the ultrasonic vibration tool holder 43 for three-dimensional vibration grinding. In other words, it can perform various operations such as turning, milling, and grinding, as well as one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration cutting, avoiding repeated positioning and clamping during processing, reducing processing time, and improving processing efficiency. In summary, it effectively reduces tool wear, improves workpiece processing quality, and avoids repeated positioning and clamping during processing, reducing processing time and improving processing efficiency.

[0052] Further, please refer to Figure 4 The laser heating mechanism 5 includes a third slide 51 and a laser head 52. The third slide 51 is located above the mounting base 1 and is used to slide along the fifth horizontal direction and the third vertical direction. The laser head 52 is located on the third slide 51, wherein the fifth horizontal direction is parallel to the first horizontal axis. The laser head 52 is a conventional device in the art and will not be described in detail here. During the cutting process, the motion matrix and adaptive algorithm are used to solve the G-code of the machining process and generate the final G-code, so that the laser spot is located at the front end of the area to be processed, achieving laser preheating before vibration cutting.

[0053] Specifically, please continue to refer to Figure 4The laser heating mechanism 5 also includes a gantry frame 53, a first sliding module 54, and a second sliding module 55. The gantry frame 53 is located on the upper surface of the mounting base 1. The first sliding module 54 is located on the top beam of the gantry frame 53 and extends along the fifth horizontal direction. The second sliding module 55 is slidably mounted on the first sliding module 54 along its length and extends along the third vertical direction. The third slide block 51 is slidably mounted on the second sliding module 55 along its length. The sliding engagement between the second sliding module 55 and the first sliding module 54 can be achieved using either a groove and rail mechanism or a screw and nut mechanism; there is no limitation on either method. Similarly, the sliding engagement between the third slide block 51 and the second sliding module 55 can also be achieved using either a groove and rail mechanism or a screw and nut mechanism; there is no limitation on either method.

[0054] In this embodiment, since the third slide 51 can slide along the fifth horizontal direction and the third vertical direction, it drives the laser head 52 along the fifth horizontal direction and the third vertical direction, so that the laser head 52 can cover most of the upper surface of the mounting base 1, and better preheat the workpiece with laser.

[0055] Furthermore, please continue to refer to Figure 4 The third slide 51 is equipped with a first rotary motor 511, which is arranged along the third vertical direction. The output shaft of the first rotary motor 511 is connected to a second rotary motor 512, which is arranged horizontally. The laser head 52 is connected to the output shaft of the second rotary motor 512.

[0056] In this embodiment, a first rotary motor 511 is mounted on the third slide block 51, and the laser head 52 is mounted on the output shaft of the second rotary motor 512. After the first rotary motor 511 starts, it drives the second rotary motor 512 to rotate in the horizontal plane, while the second rotary motor 512 drives the laser head 52 to rotate in the vertical plane. Thus, the laser head 52, driven by the first and second rotary motors 511 and 512, can adjust its posture in both the horizontal and vertical planes, allowing the heating point of the laser head 52 to more accurately reach the workpiece's processing area. In specific operation, the movement of the third slide block 51, the first rotary motor 511, and the second rotary motor 512 can all be controlled by the machine tool's CNC system, using coordinate transformation to position the laser heating point within the processing area.

[0057] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3The upper end face of the mounting base 1 is provided with a third sliding module 11, which extends along the first horizontal direction. A fourth sliding module 12 is provided on the third sliding module 11. The fourth sliding module 12 is slidably disposed along the length direction of the third sliding module 11 and extends along the second horizontal direction. The first slide block 31 is slidably mounted on the fourth sliding module 12 along the length direction of the fourth sliding module 12.

[0058] Specifically, the sliding engagement between the fourth sliding module 12 and the third sliding module 11 can be achieved by either a groove and rail engagement or a screw and nut engagement; there is no limitation on this. The sliding engagement between the first sliding block 31 and the fourth sliding module 12 can also be achieved by either a groove and rail engagement or a screw and nut engagement; there is no limitation on this.

[0059] In this embodiment, the combination of the third sliding module 11 and the fourth sliding module 12 can realize the sliding of the first slide block 31 relative to the mounting base 1 along the first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction, ensuring that the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32 is fed to the zero point of the coordinate system, and the structure is simple.

[0060] Further, please refer to Figures 1 to 3 The upper surface of the mounting base 1 is provided with a fifth sliding module 13, which extends along the third horizontal direction. A sixth sliding module 14 is provided on the fifth sliding module 13. The sixth sliding module 14 is slidably arranged along the length direction of the fifth sliding module 13 and extends along the first vertical direction. A seventh sliding module 15 is provided on the sixth sliding module 14, which is slidably arranged along the length direction of the sixth sliding module 14. The seventh sliding module 15 is provided with an installation channel extending along the fourth horizontal direction. The second slide block 41 is slidably installed in the installation channel along the length direction of the installation channel.

[0061] Specifically, the sliding engagement between the sixth sliding module 14 and the fifth sliding module 13 can be achieved by either a groove and rail engagement or a screw and nut engagement; there is no limitation on this. The sliding engagement between the seventh sliding module 15 and the sixth sliding module 14 can also be achieved by either a groove and rail engagement or a screw and nut engagement; there is no limitation on this. The sliding engagement between the second slide block 41 and the installation channel can also be achieved by either a groove and rail engagement or a screw and nut engagement; there is no limitation on this.

[0062] In this embodiment, the combination of the fifth sliding module 13, the sixth sliding module 14 and the seventh sliding module 15 can realize the sliding of the second slide block 41 relative to the mounting base 1 along the third horizontal direction, the first vertical direction and the fourth horizontal direction, ensuring that the ultrasonic vibration knife handle 43 is fed to the zero point of the coordinate system, and the structure is simple.

[0063] In addition, a chip removal groove 17 is provided on the upper surface of the mounting base 1, and a chip removal device 171 is provided on the chip removal groove 17 to remove the metal chips that are cut off, which helps to improve processing efficiency and quality.

[0064] Furthermore, this invention also proposes an ultrasonic composite laser-assisted machining method, based on the aforementioned ultrasonic composite laser-assisted milling and turning machine tool, the ultrasonic composite laser-assisted machining method comprising:

[0065] Step S100: Obtain the processing plan for the workpiece.

[0066] Specifically, before cutting the workpiece, turning, milling or grinding is selected according to the type of part to be processed or the processing requirements.

[0067] Step S200: When the machining scheme is turning, the workpiece is subjected to two-dimensional vibration turning using an ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning and milling machine.

[0068] Specifically, two-dimensional vibration turning includes:

[0069] Step S210: Clamp the workpiece on the chuck of clamping mechanism 2.

[0070] Specifically, loosen the chuck of clamping mechanism 2, insert the workpiece, and then tighten the chuck to clamp the workpiece.

[0071] Step S220: Mount the cutting tool on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32.

[0072] Specifically, the cutting tool is installed in the cutting tool mounting interface of the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32 or on a fixture.

[0073] Step S230: Start the clamping mechanism 2 and the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32 so that the cutting tool performs two-dimensional vibration turning on the workpiece.

[0074] Specifically, the first slide block 31 is slid to bring the cutting tool of the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32 to the zero point of the coordinate system. At the same time, the laser heating mechanism 5 heats the area of ​​the workpiece to be processed by laser. Then, the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32 is started to vibrate along the first axial direction and the first radial direction. Finally, the turning spindle of the clamping mechanism 2 is started to rotate to perform turning processing on the workpiece, thereby realizing two-dimensional vibration turning.

[0075] In this embodiment, by performing two-dimensional vibration turning on the workpiece, the material removal mechanism of the workpiece is changed, the friction between the cutting tool and the workpiece is reduced, the contact time between the cutting tool and the workpiece is reduced, and the cutting removal effect of the cutting tool on the workpiece is enhanced, thereby helping to reduce the cutting force, further reduce tool wear, and improve the workpiece machining quality.

[0076] Step S300: When the machining scheme is milling, use an ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning and milling machine to perform one-dimensional vibration milling or three-dimensional vibration milling on the workpiece.

[0077] Specifically, one-dimensional vibration milling includes:

[0078] Step S311: Clamp the workpiece on the chuck of the clamping mechanism 2.

[0079] Specifically, loosen the chuck of clamping mechanism 2, insert the workpiece, and then tighten the chuck to clamp the workpiece.

[0080] Step S312: Mount the milling cutter onto the ultrasonic vibrating tool holder 43.

[0081] Specifically, the milling cutter is inserted into the ultrasonic vibrating tool holder 43.

[0082] Step S313: Start the clamping mechanism 2 and the ultrasonic vibration tool holder 43 so that the milling cutter performs one-dimensional vibration milling on the workpiece.

[0083] Specifically, the second slide block 41 is slid to bring the milling cutter of the ultrasonic vibration tool holder 43 to the zero point of the coordinate system. At the same time, the laser heating mechanism 5 heats the area of ​​the workpiece to be processed by laser. Then, the ultrasonic vibration tool holder 43 is started to vibrate along the second vertical direction. Finally, the rotating shaft 42 is started to rotate to perform milling on the workpiece, realizing one-dimensional vibration milling.

[0084] In this embodiment, by performing one-dimensional vibration milling on the workpiece, the material removal mechanism of the workpiece is changed, the friction between the milling cutter and the workpiece is reduced, the contact time between the milling cutter and the workpiece is reduced, and the cutting and removal effect of the milling cutter on the workpiece is enhanced, thereby helping to reduce the cutting force, further reduce tool wear, and improve the workpiece machining quality.

[0085] Specifically, three-dimensional vibration milling includes:

[0086] Step S321: Mount the workpiece on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32.

[0087] Specifically, the workpiece is mounted on the fixture of the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32.

[0088] Step S322: Mount the milling cutter onto the ultrasonic vibrating tool holder 43.

[0089] Specifically, the milling cutter is inserted into the ultrasonic vibrating tool holder 43.

[0090] Step S323: Start the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32 and the ultrasonic vibration tool holder 43 so that the milling cutter performs three-dimensional vibration milling on the workpiece.

[0091] Specifically, the second slide block 41 is slid to bring the milling cutter of the ultrasonic vibration tool holder 43 to the zero point of the coordinate system. At the same time, the laser heating mechanism 5 heats the area of ​​the workpiece to be processed by laser. Then, the ultrasonic vibration tool holder 43 is started to vibrate in the second vertical direction. At the same time, the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32 is started to vibrate in the first axial direction and the first radial direction. Finally, the rotating shaft 42 is started to rotate to perform milling on the workpiece, realizing three-dimensional vibration milling.

[0092] In this embodiment, by performing three-dimensional vibration milling on the workpiece, the material removal mechanism of the workpiece is changed, the friction between the milling cutter and the workpiece is reduced, the contact time between the milling cutter and the workpiece is reduced, and the cutting and removal effect of the milling cutter on the workpiece is enhanced, thereby helping to reduce the cutting force, further reduce tool wear, and improve the workpiece machining quality.

[0093] Step S400: When the processing scheme is grinding, use an ultrasonic composite laser-assisted milling and turning machine to perform two-dimensional vibration grinding or three-dimensional vibration grinding on the workpiece.

[0094] Specifically, two-dimensional vibration grinding includes:

[0095] Step S411: Mount the workpiece on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32.

[0096] Specifically, the workpiece is mounted on the fixture of the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32.

[0097] Step S412: Clamp the mold onto the chuck of the clamping mechanism 2.

[0098] Specifically, loosen the chuck of clamping mechanism 2, insert the grinding tool, and then tighten the chuck to clamp the grinding tool; the grinding tool can be a grinding head or a grinding wheel.

[0099] Step S413: Start the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32 and the clamping mechanism 2 so that the grinding wheel performs two-dimensional vibration grinding on the workpiece.

[0100] Specifically, the first slide block 31 is slid to bring the workpiece of the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32 to the zero point of the coordinate system. At the same time, the laser heating mechanism 5 heats the area of ​​the workpiece to be processed by laser. Then, the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32 is started to vibrate along the first axial direction and the first radial direction. Finally, the turning spindle of the clamping mechanism 2 is started to rotate to perform grinding on the workpiece, thereby realizing two-dimensional vibration grinding.

[0101] In this embodiment, by performing two-dimensional vibration grinding on the workpiece, the material removal mechanism of the workpiece is changed, the friction between the grinding wheel and the workpiece is reduced, the contact time between the grinding wheel and the workpiece is reduced, and the cutting and removal effect of the grinding wheel on the workpiece is enhanced, thereby helping to reduce the cutting force, further reduce tool wear, and improve the workpiece processing quality.

[0102] Specifically, three-dimensional vibration grinding includes:

[0103] Step S421: Mount the workpiece on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32.

[0104] Specifically, the workpiece is mounted on the fixture of the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32.

[0105] Step S422: Mount the mold onto the ultrasonic vibrating tool holder 43.

[0106] Specifically, the abrasive is inserted into the ultrasonic vibrating tool holder 43.

[0107] Step S423: Start the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32 and the ultrasonic vibration tool holder 43 so that the grinding wheel can perform three-dimensional vibration grinding on the workpiece.

[0108] Specifically, the second slide block 41 is slid to bring the grinding wheel of the ultrasonic vibration tool holder 43 to the zero point of the coordinate system. At the same time, the laser heating mechanism 5 heats the area of ​​the workpiece to be processed by laser. Then, the ultrasonic vibration tool holder 43 is started to vibrate in the second vertical direction. At the same time, the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table 32 is started to vibrate in the first axial direction and the first radial direction. Finally, the rotating shaft 42 is started to rotate to perform grinding on the workpiece, thereby realizing three-dimensional vibration grinding.

[0109] In the ultrasonic composite laser-assisted processing method provided by the present invention, according to different processing schemes of the workpiece, ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning, milling and grinding machine tools are used to perform two-dimensional vibration turning, one-dimensional vibration milling, three-dimensional vibration milling, two-dimensional vibration grinding and three-dimensional vibration grinding, which not only meets the different processing requirements of the workpiece, but also effectively reduces tool wear and improves the processing quality of the workpiece.

[0110] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "provided with," "connected," "located in," "set up," and "installed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0111] In the description of this invention, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," "fifth," "sixth," "seventh," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature.

[0112] Furthermore, in the description of this invention, the term "embodiment" refers to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or implementation that is included in at least one embodiment or implementation of the invention. In this invention, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or implementation. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or implementations.

[0113] While the present invention has been disclosed above, its scope of protection is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning, milling, and grinding machine tool, characterized in that, include: Mounting base (1); A clamping mechanism (2) is provided on the mounting base (1) for clamping a workpiece and driving the workpiece to rotate about a first horizontal axis relative to the clamping mechanism (2) or for clamping a cutting tool and driving the cutting tool to rotate about the first horizontal axis relative to the clamping mechanism (2). The clamping mechanism (2) includes a turning spindle rotatable about the first horizontal axis and a chuck provided at the end of the turning spindle. The chuck has a first axial direction and a first radial direction. The first vibration mechanism (3) includes a first slide (31) and a two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table (32). The first slide (31) is mounted on the mounting base (1) and is used to slide relative to the mounting base (1) in a first horizontal direction and a second horizontal direction. The two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table (32) is disposed on the first slide (31) and is used for mounting the cutting tool or the workpiece, and for vibrating along the first axial direction and the first radial direction. The first horizontal direction is parallel to the first horizontal axis, and the second horizontal direction is perpendicular to the first horizontal direction. The second vibration mechanism (4) includes a second slide (41), a rotating shaft (42), and an ultrasonic vibration tool holder (43). The second slide (41) is mounted on the mounting base (1) and is used to slide relative to the mounting base (1) in a third horizontal direction, a first vertical direction, and a fourth horizontal direction. The rotating shaft (42) is mounted on the second slide (41) and is used to rotate relative to the second slide (41) about a second horizontal axis. The ultrasonic vibration tool holder (43) is disposed on the rotating shaft (42) for mounting the cutting tool and for vibrating in the second vertical direction. The third horizontal direction is parallel to the first horizontal axis, the fourth horizontal direction is perpendicular to the third horizontal direction, and the second horizontal axis is perpendicular to the fourth horizontal direction. The laser heating mechanism (5) is used to perform laser heating on the workpiece clamped in the clamping mechanism (2) or the workpiece installed on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table (32).

2. The ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning, milling, and grinding machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser heating mechanism (5) includes a third slide (51) and a laser head (52). The third slide (51) is located above the mounting base (1) and is used to slide along the fifth horizontal direction and the third vertical direction. The laser head (52) is located on the third slide (51). The fifth horizontal direction is parallel to the first horizontal axis.

3. The ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning, milling, and grinding machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that, The laser heating mechanism (5) further includes a gantry frame (53), a first sliding module (54), and a second sliding module (55). The gantry frame (53) is located on the upper surface of the mounting base (1). The first sliding module (54) is located on the top beam of the gantry frame (53) and extends along the fifth horizontal direction. The second sliding module (55) is slidably mounted on the first sliding module (54) along the length direction of the first sliding module (54) and extends along the third vertical direction. The third slide block (51) is slidably mounted on the second sliding module (55) along the length direction of the second sliding module (55).

4. The ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning, milling, and grinding machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that, The third slide (51) is provided with a first rotary motor (511), the first rotary motor (511) is arranged along the third vertical direction, and a second rotary motor (512) is connected to the output shaft of the first rotary motor (511), the second rotary motor (512) is arranged horizontally; The laser head (52) is connected to the output shaft of the second rotary motor (512).

5. The ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning, milling, and grinding machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end face of the mounting base (1) is provided with a third sliding module (11), the third sliding module (11) extends along the first horizontal direction, the third sliding module (11) is provided with a fourth sliding module (12), the fourth sliding module (12) is slidably arranged along the length direction of the third sliding module (11) and extends along the second horizontal direction; The first slide block (31) is slidably mounted on the fourth sliding module (12) along the length direction of the fourth sliding module (12).

6. The ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning, milling, and grinding machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end face of the mounting base (1) is provided with a fifth sliding module (13), which extends along the third horizontal direction. A sixth sliding module (14) is provided on the fifth sliding module (13), which is slidably arranged along the length direction of the fifth sliding module (13) and extends along the first vertical direction. A seventh sliding module (15) is provided on the sixth sliding module (14), which is slidably arranged along the length direction of the sixth sliding module (14). An installation channel extending along the fourth horizontal direction is provided on the seventh sliding module (15). The second slide (41) is slidably installed in the mounting channel along the length of the mounting channel.

7. A method for ultrasonic-laser-assisted processing, characterized in that, Based on the ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning, milling, and grinding machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the ultrasonic composite laser-assisted processing method includes: Obtain the machining plan for the workpiece; When the processing scheme is turning, the ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning and milling machine tool is used to perform two-dimensional vibration turning on the workpiece. When the processing scheme is milling, the ultrasonic composite laser-assisted turning and milling machine tool is used to perform one-dimensional vibration milling or three-dimensional vibration milling on the workpiece; When the processing scheme is grinding, the ultrasonic composite laser-assisted milling and grinding machine tool is used to perform two-dimensional vibration grinding or three-dimensional vibration grinding on the workpiece.

8. The ultrasonic-laser-assisted processing method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The two-dimensional vibration turning includes: The workpiece is clamped on the chuck of the clamping mechanism (2); The cutting tool is mounted on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table (32); Start the clamping mechanism (2) and the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table (32) so that the cutting tool performs the two-dimensional vibration turning on the workpiece.

9. The ultrasonic-laser-assisted processing method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The one-dimensional vibration milling includes: clamping the workpiece on the chuck of the clamping mechanism (2); mounting the milling cutter on the ultrasonic vibration tool holder (43); activating the clamping mechanism (2) and the ultrasonic vibration tool holder (43) to cause the milling cutter to perform the one-dimensional vibration milling on the workpiece; or, The three-dimensional vibration milling includes: mounting the workpiece on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table (32); mounting the milling cutter on the ultrasonic vibration tool holder (43); and activating the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table (32) and the ultrasonic vibration tool holder (43) to enable the milling cutter to perform the three-dimensional vibration milling on the workpiece.

10. The ultrasonic-laser-assisted processing method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The two-dimensional vibration grinding includes: mounting the workpiece on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table (32); clamping the grinding wheel on the chuck of the clamping mechanism (2); activating the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table (32) and the clamping mechanism (2) to cause the grinding wheel to perform the two-dimensional vibration grinding on the workpiece; or, The three-dimensional vibration grinding includes: mounting the workpiece on the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table (32); The grinding wheel is mounted on the ultrasonic vibration tool holder (43); the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration table (32) and the ultrasonic vibration tool holder (43) are started so that the grinding wheel performs the three-dimensional vibration grinding on the workpiece.

Images