A method for processing pomegranate peel for feed

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for treating pomegranate peel for feed, comprising the following steps: crushing and screening the pomegranate peel, adding water to soak for 5-15 hours, filtering, adjusting the water content of the system to 18-24%, freezing to 8-15 DEG C, keeping warm for 2-4 hours, heating to 60-80 DEG C, sealing and keeping warm for 5-15 hours to obtain pretreated pomegranate peel; adding orange peel, keel powder and tripterygium wilfordii to the pretreated pomegranate peel, mixing evenly, sterilizing at 100-120 DEG C for 10-20 minutes, cooling to room temperature, adding L-glutamic acid and vitamin C thereto, mixing evenly to obtain a sterilized product; introducing a composite enzyme into the sterilized product, performing enzymolysis at 50-60 DEG C for 2-6 hours, cooling to 30-36 DEG C, adding a composite bacterial agent to ferment for 20-40 hours, adding water, stirring at 50-60 DEG C for 10-30 minutes, filtering, concentrating at 40-50 DEG C to a viscous state, and freeze-drying to obtain a pomegranate peel product for feed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of feed raw material pretreatment, in particular to a method for processing pomegranate peel for feed. Background Art

[0002] Due to insufficient attention to the development and utilization of feed resources and insufficient development of feed technology, aquatic feed production capacity lags behind. The development and application of localized feed raw materials is an important way to utilize agricultural by-products. It can actively respond to the shortage of feed raw materials, improve local aquatic feed production capacity, and enhance the utilization value of regional agricultural and sideline resources.

[0003] Pomegranate peel contains rich polyphenols, organic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids and other substances. At present, there are few reports on the use of pomegranate peel in aquatic feed. my country is rich in pomegranate resources and a large amount of pomegranate peel is produced every year. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out research on the application of pomegranate peel in aquatic feed, develop new uses for pomegranate peel, give full play to the comprehensive utilization potential of pomegranate peel, turn waste into treasure, and improve the economic and social benefits of pomegranate peel. However, pomegranate peel has a poor taste and contains a large number of anti-nutritional factors. It needs to be pretreated before it can be used as a raw material for aquatic feed. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the invention is to solve the shortcomings in the prior art and to propose a method for processing pomegranate peel for feed.

[0005] A method for processing pomegranate peel for feed comprises the following steps:

[0006] (1) crushing and sieving the pomegranate peel, adding water to soak for 5-15 hours, filtering, adjusting the water content of the system to 18-24%, freezing to -8 to -15°C, keeping warm for 2-4 hours, heating to 60-80°C, sealing and keeping warm for 5-15 hours, and obtaining pretreated pomegranate peel;

[0007] (2) Adding orange peel, keel powder and tripterygium wilfordii to the pretreated pomegranate peel and mixing them evenly, sterilizing at 100-120° C. for 10-20 min, cooling to room temperature, adding L-glutamic acid and vitamin C and mixing them evenly to obtain a sterilized product;

[0008] (3) Adding a composite enzyme to the sterilized product, performing enzymolysis at 50-60° C. for 2-6 hours, cooling the temperature to 30-36° C., adding a composite bacterial agent to ferment for 20-40 hours, adding water, stirring at 50-60° C. for 10-30 minutes, filtering, concentrating at 40-50° C. to a viscous state, and freeze-drying to obtain a pomegranate peel product for feed.

[0009] Preferably, the water content of the pomegranate peel is 5.42-5.89%, the cellulose content is 16.3-16.912%, and the hemicellulose content is 8.15-8.86%.

[0010] Preferably, in step (1), the mesh size of the sieve is 80-100 meshes.

[0011] Preferably, during the freezing to -8 to -15°C in step (1), the cooling rate is 3 to 6°C / min.

[0012] Preferably, during the heating to 60-80°C in step (1), the heating rate is 1-5°C / min.

[0013] Preferably, in step (2), the mass ratio of pretreated pomegranate peel, tangerine peel, dragon bone powder, tripterygium wilfordii, L-glutamic acid, and vitamin C is 130-350:10-30:5-10:1-2:0.1-1:0.1-1.

[0014] Preferably, in step (3), the mass ratio of the sterilized product, the compound enzyme and the compound bacterial agent is 147-394:1-2:1-2.

[0015] Preferably, in step (3), the complex enzyme comprises: pectinase, cellulase and xylanase.

[0016] Preferably, the specific activities of pectinase, cellulase and xylanase are 16000-17000 U / mg, 7800-7900 U / mg and 6800-7000 U / mg respectively.

[0017] Preferably, in step (3), the composite bacterial agent includes yeast, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria.

[0018] Preferably, the concentration of yeast is 1-1.8×10 6 CFU / mg, the concentration of lactic acid bacteria is 0.5-1.2×10 6 CFU / mg, the concentration of acetic acid bacteria is 1-2×10 6 CFU / mg.

[0019] A pomegranate peel for feed is prepared by adopting the above-mentioned method for processing pomegranate peel for feed.

[0020] The technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] (1) The present invention soaks pomegranate peel in water and then freezes and heat-insulates the peel, which can effectively destroy the cellulose and other structures therein, promote the infiltration and precipitation of components in the pomegranate peel through the principle of thermal expansion and contraction, and sequentially treat the obtained pretreated pomegranate peel with a composite enzyme and a composite bacterial agent, which can decompose the macromolecular substances therein, make the obtained enzymatic hydrolysis products more conducive to fermentation, effectively improve the fermentation efficiency, and diversify the fermentation products;

[0022] (2) The applicant has found through a large number of experiments that although a series of treatments using a single pomegranate peel have a good bactericidal effect, especially against Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda, if added to feed for Chinese soft-shelled turtles, Chinese soft-shelled turtles have a very poor appetite and the feed tastes bad, resulting in poor feeding results;

[0023] (3) The applicant pre-treats the pomegranate peel and then further combines it with orange peel for enzymatic fermentation. During this process, a small amount of Tripterygium wilfordii and dragon bone are added. The applicant found that the product can not only maintain an excellent bactericidal effect on Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda, but also greatly improve the bactericidal effect on Salmonella enteritidis, Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli, which is not achieved by adding pomegranate peel alone. When added to the feed, the Chinese soft-shelled turtle has a good appetite and a good feeding effect.

[0024] The production process of the invention does not add any chemical ingredients, is safer and healthier, and eliminates the shortcomings of effective chemical synthetic additives. In addition, the processed product has good taste and flavor, good palatability, is easier for aquatic animals to eat, and has high breeding benefits. At the same time, the pomegranate peel is deeply utilized, which not only realizes the rational utilization of waste resources, but also brings into play the comprehensive utilization potential of the pomegranate peel, turning waste into treasure, and provides help for the application value of the pomegranate peel and product research and development. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a comparison chart of the survival rates of Example 5, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2 and the control group in the challenge experiment using Edwardsiella tarda + Aeromonas hydrophila and Salmonella enteritidis + Shigella flexneri + Escherichia coli respectively. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] A method for processing pomegranate peel for feed comprises the following steps:

[0029] (1) 50 kg of pomegranate peel was crushed, passed through an 80-mesh sieve, added with 100 kg of water, soaked for 5 h, filtered, the water content of the system was adjusted to 18%, frozen to -8 ° C at 3 ° C / min, kept warm for 2 h, heated to 60 ° C at a rate of 1 ° C / min, sealed and kept warm for 5 h, and pretreated pomegranate peel was obtained;

[0030] (2) 130 kg of pretreated pomegranate peel was added to a sterilization tank, 10 kg of orange peel, 5 kg of dragon bone powder, and 1 kg of tripterygium wilfordii were added thereto and mixed evenly, sterilized at 100° C. for 10 min, cooled to room temperature, 0.1 kg of L-glutamic acid and 0.1 kg of vitamin C were added thereto and mixed evenly to obtain a sterilized product;

[0031] (3) Add 1 kg of compound enzyme to 147 kg of sterilized product, perform enzymolysis at 50 ° C for 2 h, reduce the temperature to 30 ° C, add 1 kg of compound bacterial agent and ferment for 20 h, add 400 kg of water, stir at 50 ° C for 10 min, filter, add the fermentation liquid to a rotary evaporator, concentrate at 40 ° C to a viscous state, and freeze-dry to obtain a pomegranate peel product for feed.

[0032] The compound enzyme is composed of pectinase with a specific activity of 16070U / mg, cellulase with a specific activity of 7820U / mg, and xylanase with a specific activity of 6830U / mg. 6 CFU / mg of yeast, the concentration is 5×10 5 CFU / mg of lactic acid bacteria, the concentration is 1×10 6 Composition of acetic acid bacteria in CFU / mg.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] A method for processing pomegranate peel for feed comprises the following steps:

[0035] (1) 150 kg of pomegranate peel was crushed, passed through a 100 mesh sieve, added with 200 kg of water, soaked for 15 h, filtered, the water content of the system was adjusted to 24%, frozen to -15 ° C. at 6 ° C. / min, kept warm for 4 h, heated to 80 ° C. at a rate of 5 ° C. / min, sealed and kept warm for 15 h, and pretreated pomegranate peel was obtained;

[0036] (2) 350 kg of pretreated pomegranate peel was added to a sterilization tank, 30 kg of orange peel, 10 kg of dragon bone powder, and 2 kg of tripterygium wilfordii were added thereto and mixed evenly, sterilized at 120° C. for 20 min, cooled to room temperature, 1 kg of L-glutamic acid and 1 kg of vitamin C were added thereto and mixed evenly to obtain a sterilized product;

[0037] (3) Add 2 kg of compound enzyme to 394 kg of sterilized product, perform enzymolysis at 60 ° C for 6 h, reduce the temperature to 36 ° C, add 2 kg of compound bacterial agent and ferment for 40 h, add 600 kg of water, stir at 60 ° C for 30 min, filter, add the fermentation liquid to a rotary evaporator, concentrate at 50 ° C to a viscous state, and freeze-dry to obtain a pomegranate peel product for feed.

[0038] The compound enzyme is composed of pectinase with a specific activity of 16980U / mg, cellulase with a specific activity of 7890U / mg, and xylanase with a specific activity of 6980U / mg. 6 CFU / mg of yeast, the concentration is 1.2×10 6 CFU / mg of lactic acid bacteria, the concentration is 2×10 6 Composition of acetic acid bacteria in CFU / mg.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] A method for processing pomegranate peel for feed comprises the following steps:

[0041] (1) 80 kg of pomegranate peel was crushed, passed through a 95-mesh sieve, added with 130 kg of water, soaked for 12 h, filtered, the water content of the system was adjusted to 20%, frozen to -10 ° C. at 5 ° C. / min, kept warm for 3.5 h, heated to 75 ° C. at a rate of 2 ° C. / min, sealed and kept warm for 8 h, and pretreated pomegranate peel was obtained;

[0042] (2) 290 kg of pretreated pomegranate peel was added to a sterilization tank, 15 kg of orange peel, 9 kg of dragon bone powder, and 1.3 kg of tripterygium wilfordii were added thereto and mixed evenly, sterilized at 115° C. for 13 min, cooled to room temperature, 0.8 kg of L-glutamic acid and 0.3 kg of vitamin C were added thereto and mixed evenly to obtain a sterilized product;

[0043] (3) Add 1.4 kg of compound enzyme to 327 kg of sterilized product, perform enzymolysis at 58 °C for 3 h, reduce the temperature to 34 °C, add 1.3 kg of compound bacterial agent and ferment for 35 h, add 450 kg of water, stir at 58 °C for 15 min, filter, add the fermentation liquid to a rotary evaporator, concentrate at 47 °C to a viscous state, and freeze-dry to obtain a pomegranate peel product for feed.

[0044] The compound enzyme is composed of pectinase with a specific activity of 16300U / mg, cellulase with a specific activity of 7880U / mg, and xylanase with a specific activity of 6850U / mg. 6 CFU / mg of yeast, the concentration is 8×10 5 CFU / mg of lactic acid bacteria, the concentration is 1.4×10 6 Composition of acetic acid bacteria in CFU / mg.

[0045] Example 4

[0046] A method for processing pomegranate peel for feed comprises the following steps:

[0047] (1) 120 kg of pomegranate peel was crushed, passed through an 85-mesh sieve, added with 170 kg of water, soaked for 8 h, filtered, the water content of the system was adjusted to 22%, frozen to -14 ° C. at 4 ° C. / min, kept warm for 2.5 h, heated to 65 ° C. at a rate of 4 ° C. / min, sealed and kept warm for 12 h, and pretreated pomegranate peel was obtained;

[0048] (2) 210 kg of pretreated pomegranate peel was added to a sterilization tank, 25 kg of orange peel, 7 kg of dragon bone powder, and 1.7 kg of tripterygium wilfordii were added thereto and mixed evenly, sterilized at 105° C. for 17 min, cooled to room temperature, 0.2 kg of L-glutamic acid and 0.7 kg of vitamin C were added thereto and mixed evenly to obtain a sterilized product;

[0049] (3) Add 1.6 kg of compound enzyme to 233.5 kg of sterilized product, perform enzymolysis at 52 °C for 5 h, cool to 32 °C, add 1.7 kg of compound bacterial agent and ferment for 25 h, add 550 kg of water, stir at 52 °C for 25 min, filter, add the fermentation liquid to a rotary evaporator, concentrate at 43 °C to a viscous state, and freeze-dry to obtain a pomegranate peel product for feed.

[0050] The compound enzyme is composed of pectinase with a specific activity of 16800U / mg, cellulase with a specific activity of 7820U / mg, and xylanase with a specific activity of 6950U / mg. 6 CFU / mg of yeast, the concentration is 1×10 6 CFU / mg of lactic acid bacteria, the concentration is 1.1×10 6 Composition of acetic acid bacteria in CFU / mg.

[0051] Example 5

[0052] A method for processing pomegranate peel for feed comprises the following steps:

[0053] (1) 100 kg of pomegranate peel was crushed, passed through a 90-mesh sieve, 150 kg of water was added, and the mixture was soaked for 10 h. The mixture was filtered, and the water content of the mixture was adjusted to 21%. The mixture was frozen to -12 °C at a rate of 4.5 °C / min, and kept warm for 3 h. The mixture was heated to 70 °C at a rate of 3 °C / min, and sealed and kept warm for 10 h to obtain pretreated pomegranate peel.

[0054] (2) 250 kg of pretreated pomegranate peel was added to a sterilization tank, 20 kg of orange peel, 8 kg of dragon bone powder, and 1.5 kg of tripterygium wilfordii were added thereto and mixed evenly, sterilized at 112° C. for 15 min, cooled to room temperature, 0.5 kg of L-glutamic acid and 0.5 kg of vitamin C were added thereto and mixed evenly to obtain a sterilized product;

[0055] (3) Add 1.5 kg of compound enzyme to 280.5 kg of sterilized product, perform enzymolysis at 55 °C for 4 h, reduce the temperature to 33 °C, add 1.5 kg of compound bacterial agent and ferment for 30 h, add 500 kg of water, stir at 55 °C for 20 min, filter, add the fermentation liquid to a rotary evaporator, concentrate at 45 °C to a viscous state, and freeze-dry to obtain a pomegranate peel product for feed.

[0056] The compound enzyme is composed of pectinase with a specific activity of 16400U / mg, cellulase with a specific activity of 7860U / mg, and xylanase with a specific activity of 6910U / mg. 6 CFU / mg of yeast, the concentration is 8.5×10 5 CFU / mg of lactic acid bacteria, the concentration is 1.3×10 6CFU / mg of acetic acid bacteria composition.

[0057] The pomegranate peel used in the above Examples 1-5 has a water content of 5.42-5.89%, a cellulose content of 16.3-16.912%, and a hemicellulose content of 8.15-8.86%.

[0058] Comparative Example 1

[0059] A method for processing pomegranate peel for feed comprises the following steps:

[0060] (1) 100 kg of pomegranate peel was crushed, passed through a 90-mesh sieve, 150 kg of water was added, and the mixture was soaked for 10 h. The mixture was filtered, and the water content of the mixture was adjusted to 21%. The mixture was frozen to -12 °C at a rate of 4.5 °C / min, and kept warm for 3 h. The mixture was heated to 70 °C at a rate of 3 °C / min, and sealed and kept warm for 10 h to obtain pretreated pomegranate peel.

[0061] (2) adding 250 kg of pretreated pomegranate peel into a sterilization tank, sterilizing at 112° C. for 15 min, cooling to room temperature, adding 0.5 kg of L-glutamic acid and 0.5 kg of vitamin C, and mixing evenly to obtain a sterilized product;

[0062] (3) Add 1.5 kg of compound enzyme to 251 kg of sterilized product, perform enzymolysis at 55 °C for 4 h, reduce the temperature to 33 °C, add 1.5 kg of compound bacterial agent and ferment for 30 h, add 500 kg of water, stir at 55 °C for 20 min, filter, add the fermentation liquid to a rotary evaporator, concentrate at 45 °C to a viscous state, and freeze-dry to obtain a pomegranate peel product for feed.

[0063] The compound enzyme is composed of pectinase with a specific activity of 16400U / mg, cellulase with a specific activity of 7860U / mg, and xylanase with a specific activity of 6910U / mg. 6 CFU / mg of yeast, the concentration is 8.5×10 5 CFU / mg of lactic acid bacteria, the concentration is 1.3×10 6 CFU / mg of acetic acid bacteria composition.

[0064] Comparative Example 2

[0065] A method for processing pomegranate peel for feed comprises the following steps:

[0066] (1) crushing 100 kg of pomegranate peel, passing through a 90-mesh sieve, adding 150 kg of water, soaking for 10 hours, filtering, and adjusting the water content of the system to 21% to obtain pretreated pomegranate peel;

[0067] (2) 250 kg of pretreated pomegranate peel was added to a sterilization tank, 20 kg of orange peel, 8 kg of dragon bone powder, and 1.5 kg of tripterygium wilfordii were added thereto and mixed evenly, sterilized at 112° C. for 15 min, cooled to room temperature, 0.5 kg of L-glutamic acid and 0.5 kg of vitamin C were added thereto and mixed evenly to obtain a sterilized product;

[0068] (3) Add 1.5 kg of compound enzyme to 280.5 kg of sterilized product, perform enzymolysis at 55 °C for 4 h, reduce the temperature to 33 °C, add 1.5 kg of compound bacterial agent and ferment for 30 h, add 500 kg of water, stir at 55 °C for 20 min, filter, add the fermentation liquid to a rotary evaporator, concentrate at 45 °C to a viscous state, and freeze-dry to obtain a pomegranate peel product for feed.

[0069] The compound enzyme is composed of pectinase with a specific activity of 16400U / mg, cellulase with a specific activity of 7860U / mg, and xylanase with a specific activity of 6910U / mg. 6 CFU / mg of yeast, the concentration is 8.5×10 5 CFU / mg of lactic acid bacteria, the concentration is 1.3×10 6 Composition of acetic acid bacteria in CFU / mg.

[0070] The pomegranate peel used in the above Examples 1-5 has a water content of 5.42-5.89%, a cellulose content of 16.3-16.912%, and a hemicellulose content of 8.15-8.86%.

[0071] The pomegranate peels obtained in Example 5 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were used for a comparative test. The feeding subjects were young Chinese soft-shelled turtles. The test was conducted in a turtle breeding farm in southern Anhui Province, and the complete soft-shelled turtle powder used was purchased from Zhejiang Jinjia Aquatic Feed Co., Ltd.

[0072] The growth process of Chinese soft-shelled turtle is divided into the period of juvenile turtle, young turtle and adult turtle. Among them, the period of juvenile turtle is the period when Chinese soft-shelled turtle is just born, and its physique is weak and its resistance is poor, so it is often infected by pathogens. As the Chinese soft-shelled turtle grows, its resistance and stress resistance gradually increase during the period of young turtle and adult turtle. Therefore, this application selects Chinese soft-shelled turtles in the period of juvenile turtle (average mass of 10±5g, half male and half female) as experimental samples. By adding exogenous pathogens to infect young soft-shelled turtles, their survival rate is observed.

[0073] Juvenile Chinese soft-shelled turtles were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely Example 5 group, Comparative Example 1 group, Comparative Example 2 group and control group. Example 5 group was fed with 10% pomegranate peel for feed obtained in Example 5 + 90% complete soft-shelled turtle powder, Comparative Example 1 group was fed with 10% pomegranate peel for feed obtained in Comparative Example 1 + 90% complete soft-shelled turtle powder, Comparative Example 2 group was fed with 10% pomegranate peel for feed obtained in Comparative Example 2 + 90% complete soft-shelled turtle powder, and the control group was fed with 100% complete soft-shelled turtle powder.

[0074] In this challenge experiment, five pathogenic bacteria, including Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Salmonella enteritidis, Shigella flexneri, and Escherichia coli, were selected as the challenge bacteria.

[0075] i Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda mixed bacteria challenge experiment

[0076] At the beginning of the challenge experiment, Edwardsiella tarda and Aeromonas hydrophila were added to the diets of each group. The average amount of pathogenic bacteria ingested by each young turtle was 10 8 CFU, and then fed normally. Figure 1 shown.

[0077] ii Mixed bacterial challenge experiment with Salmonella enteritidis, Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli

[0078] At the beginning of the challenge experiment, a mixture of Salmonella enteritidis, Shigella flexneri, and Escherichia coli was added to the diet of each group. The average amount of pathogenic bacteria ingested by each young turtle was 10 8 CFU, and then fed normally. Figure 1 shown.

[0079] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that: in this application, the pomegranate peel is pretreated and then further enzymatically fermented with orange peel. During this process, a small amount of Tripterygium wilfordii and Dragon Bone are added for compounding. The product can not only maintain an excellent bactericidal effect on Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda, but also greatly improve the bactericidal effect on Salmonella enteritidis, Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli.

[0080] This application continues to select Chinese soft-shelled turtles weighing 200±15g, half male and half female. The experiment was conducted in a turtle greenhouse breeding pond, which was 1.5m long, 1m wide, 0.8m high, and the water depth was adjusted to 0.6m.

[0081] Before the experiment, the mixed feed of fish meal and complete soft-shelled turtle powder was fed for 2 weeks until the complete soft-shelled turtle powder was completely consumed. After the experiment, soft pellet feed was fed from 11:00 to 14:00 and 19:00 to 22:00 every day. The daily feed amount was 2% of the body weight of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle. The residual feed was cleaned with a siphon after 1 hour of feeding. During the breeding period, the water pH was between 7 and 8.5, the dissolved oxygen content was 3-5 mg / L, the ammonia nitrogen was less than 2 mg / L, and the water temperature was 30℃.

[0082] The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely, Example 5 group, Comparative Example 1 group, Comparative Example 2 group and control group, with three replicates for each group and 20 for each replicate. Example 5 group was fed with 10% pomegranate peel for feed obtained in Example 5 + 90% complete powder of soft-shelled turtle, Comparative Example 1 group was fed with 10% pomegranate peel for feed obtained in Comparative Example 1 + 90% complete powder of soft-shelled turtle, Comparative Example 2 group was fed with 10% pomegranate peel for feed obtained in Comparative Example 2 + 90% complete powder of soft-shelled turtle, and the control group was fed with 100% complete powder of soft-shelled turtle. The pre-experiment lasted 15 days and the formal experiment lasted 60 days.

[0083] During the experiment, the health status of Chinese soft-shelled turtles was observed every day, the amount of feed fed, the amount of remaining feed, and the number of deaths were recorded, and the feed coefficient of Chinese soft-shelled turtles was calculated.

[0084] On the morning of the 61st day, before feeding, 10 Chinese soft-shelled turtles in each group were fasted for 12 hours before blood collection. Blood was collected from the jugular vein. 5 mL of blood was collected from each Chinese soft-shelled turtle, and the blood was allowed to stand for 30 minutes and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to prepare serum.

[0085] Routine blood tests were performed to measure the number of white blood cells (WBC). Immune indicators included lysozyme (LSM), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and acid phosphatase (ACP).

[0086] The results are as follows:

[0087]

[0088] Data in the same row marked with the same letter indicate no significant difference (P>0.05), and no mark indicates a significant difference (P<0.05).

[0089] Since the pomegranate peels of each group for feed were added to the Example 5 group, the Comparative Example 1 group and the Comparative Example 2 group respectively, the main component of which is plant tissue, it is not as easily absorbed by the Chinese soft-shelled turtle as the complete soft-shelled turtle powder, but the difference between the Example 5 group and the control group is not significant. The possible reason is that the pomegranate peels are more palatable after being frozen, treated at high temperature and fermented, inducing the Chinese soft-shelled turtle to eat, and the fermented strains produce secondary metabolites such as lignocellulase, which can degrade the lignocellulose components in the feed into easily absorbed carbohydrates; such as proteases that can degrade large molecular proteins into small molecular peptides, and the fermented Chinese medicinal feed is more easily absorbed by the organism; at the same time, it may also contain rich live bacteria components, which will colonize in the intestines of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles after ingestion, thereby improving their digestion and absorption functions.

[0090] Leukocytes are an important part of the immune function of Chinese soft-shelled turtles. Leukocytes participate in the immune process. If their content is elevated, there may be a certain bacterial infection. In the blood of Chinese soft-shelled turtles in the control group, leukocyte aggregation occurs. This shows that Example 5, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 are beneficial to the immune function of Chinese soft-shelled turtles and can reduce bacterial infection.

[0091] At the same time, the lysozyme activity of Example 5, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were all higher than that of the control group. The results can to some extent show that feeding pomegranate peel as a long-term diet can enhance the non-specific immunity of Chinese soft-shelled turtle. And Example 5 group is better than the comparative group.

[0092] By comparing the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of the serum of the four groups of Chinese soft-shelled turtles, it can be concluded that the antioxidant capacity of the serum of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles in Example 5 and Comparative Example 2 is about twice that of the control group. This shows that adding pomegranate peels to feed for Chinese soft-shelled turtle breeding can improve the antioxidant capacity of Chinese soft-shelled turtles, thereby achieving the effect of enhancing the body's immunity.

[0093] Moreover, the ACP activity of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles in Example 5, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 was slightly lower than that in the control group. The results indicate that the Chinese soft-shelled turtles fed with complete powder may have some body damage, and the addition of pomegranate peel to the diet can alleviate the body damage of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles in daily breeding to a certain extent.

[0094] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for processing pomegranate peel for feed, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) crushing and sieving the pomegranate peel, adding water to soak for 5-15 hours, filtering, adjusting the water content of the system to 18-24%, freezing to -8 to -15°C, keeping warm for 2-4 hours, heating to 60-80°C, sealing and keeping warm for 5-15 hours, and obtaining pretreated pomegranate peel; (2) Add orange peel, dragon bone powder and tripterygium wilfordii to the pretreated pomegranate peel and mix evenly, sterilize at 100-120° C. for 10-20 min, cool to room temperature, add L-glutamic acid and vitamin C and mix evenly to obtain a sterilized product; In step (2), the mass ratio of the pretreated pomegranate peel, orange peel, dragon bone powder, tripterygium wilfordii, L-glutamic acid, and vitamin C is 130-350:10-30:5-10:1-2:0.1-1:0.1-1; (3) Adding a composite enzyme to the sterilized product, performing enzymolysis at 50-60°C for 2-6 hours, cooling the temperature to 30-36°C, adding a composite bacterial agent for fermentation for 20-40 hours, adding water, stirring at 50-60°C for 10-30 minutes, filtering, concentrating at 40-50°C until viscous, and freeze-drying to obtain a pomegranate peel product for feed; In step (3), the mass ratio of the sterilized product, the compound enzyme and the compound bacterial agent is 147-394:1-2:1-2; In step (3), the complex enzyme includes: pectinase, cellulase, and xylanase; In step (3), the composite bacterial agent includes yeast, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria.

2. The method for processing pomegranate peel for feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the mesh size of the sieve is 80-100 meshes.

3. The method for processing pomegranate peel for feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the freezing process to -8 to -15°C in step (1), the cooling rate is 3 to 6°C / min.

4. The method for processing pomegranate peel for feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the process of heating the temperature to 60-80°C in step (1), the heating rate is 1-5°C / min.

5. The method for processing pomegranate peel for feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the specific activities of pectinase, cellulase and xylanase are 16000-17000 U / mg, 7800-7900 U / mg and 6800-7000 U / mg respectively.

6. The method for processing pomegranate peel for feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the concentration of yeast is 1-1.8×10 6 CFU / mg, the concentration of lactic acid bacteria is 0.5-1.2×10 6 CFU / mg, the concentration of acetic acid bacteria is 1-2×10 6 CFU / mg.

7. A pomegranate peel for feed, characterized in that: The feed is prepared by the pomegranate peel processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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