A bacterial capsule for in-situ ecological restoration of river sludge and a manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of bacteria capsules for river silt in-situ ecological restoration and its manufacturing method, it is related to silt processing field, net framework layer, net framework layer includes net framework and the microorganism strain being arranged in net framework, it is characterized in that, still include capsule shell layer, the net framework layer is wrapped in capsule shell layer, the capsule shell layer can be dissolved in water.The structure is wrapped in capsule shell layer by net framework layer, avoid in the process of putting net framework layer microorganism strain in the separation.Cultivate bacteria on net framework, and then into capsule shell, not only can enhance the mechanical strength of capsule shell, when putting, can make capsule shell insert into silt, avoid under the action of running water, the structure moves to other places, simultaneously, bacteria slowly release in river silt, complete bacteria reproduction in silt inside, play efficient ecological in-situ repair effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of river silt removal, specifically to a microbial capsule for in-situ ecological restoration of river silt and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, there are two main methods for the remediation of river and lake silt: physical and biological methods. Physical remediation primarily involves dewatering the silt through mechanical drying, geotextile bag drying, or natural drying, followed by further treatment. Bioremediation technology utilizes the metabolic activities of microorganisms and plants to degrade, absorb, and transform harmful substances in river and lake silt, thereby achieving the goal of removing these harmful substances. Microbial remediation technology is simple to operate and can be used for large-scale remediation of river and lake silt.

[0003] Microbial treatment technology has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, ecological energy saving and environmental friendliness. However, if microbial inoculants are directly introduced into the river, the microorganisms will be dispersed and diluted by the water flow, which is not conducive to the full degradation of harmful substances in the sewage.

[0004] A river management ecosystem, application number CN202111683120.2, consists of ecological blocks, bio-blocks, and plants. The bio-blocks are concrete blocks with a mesh-like structural framework and surfaces inoculated with microbial strains. Due to the adsorption effect of the biofilm, microorganisms obtain nutrients from sewage and simultaneously degrade and utilize harmful substances, thereby purifying the sewage. However, in this scheme, the bio-blocks are placed in the riverbed, resulting in a long time frame and slow effect in achieving ecological management, and the silt in the river area cannot be treated in a timely manner.

[0005] Based on this, a microbial dispensing device for water ecological management, application number CN202010299465.7, is proposed. The microbial inoculum dispensing unit moves the device to a designated dispensing location via a GPS positioning module and a power module. Once in place, it controls a solenoid valve to dispense the microbial inoculum. However, during the dispensing process, the microbial inoculum on the mesh-like structural framework is easily detached from the framework under the influence of water flow, thus affecting the efficiency of subsequent sludge treatment.

[0006] At the same time, once the microbial strains are introduced, they cannot remain fixed at the introduced location. They are easily moved to other locations by the water flow, affecting the sludge treatment efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0007] One objective of this invention is to provide a microbial capsule for in-situ ecological restoration of river silt and its manufacturing method, wherein the capsule shell layer encloses the mesh skeleton layer to prevent the microbial strains in the mesh skeleton layer from detaching during the deployment process.

[0008] This objective is achieved using the following technical solution:

[0009] The mesh skeleton layer includes a mesh skeleton and microbial strains disposed within the mesh skeleton. Based on the mesh skeleton layer, the inventors have added a capsule shell layer, in which the mesh skeleton layer is wrapped. During the deployment process, the capsule shell layer can protect the microbial strains within the mesh skeleton and prevent the microbial strains from being washed away by the water flow and detached from the skeleton.

[0010] Meanwhile, the capsule shell layer is water-soluble. When the microbial inoculum is placed at the injection site, the capsule shell inserts into the silt and slowly dissolves, allowing the microbial inoculum to be released slowly into the river silt, achieving the effect of silt treatment. Preferably, the capsule shell layer is a starch capsule, which is an existing material. Its main component is starch, and after decomposition, the capsule shell can be used as a primary feed for aquatic organisms such as fish, without secondary pollution.

[0011] Furthermore, one end of the mesh skeleton layer is connected to a connector, which includes a first connector with a through groove. The through groove communicates with the mesh skeleton, and an actuating element is provided on the through groove. The actuating element is connected to an adjustment structure, which enables the actuating element to close or open the through groove.

[0012] When in use, the dispensing device places the structure at the dispensing position. During dispensing, the adjusting structure acts on the action element to close the channel, so that the microbial inoculum will not flow out of the channel during the dispensing process. When it reaches the dispensing position, the connector is inserted into the sludge, and the adjusting structure acts on the action element to open the channel. The microbial inoculum begins to reproduce and repair in the sludge, achieving the effect of in-situ ecological restoration of the sludge.

[0013] Compared with existing structures, this structure not only protects the microbial strains during deployment, preventing them from detaching, but also allows the capsule shell layer to be directly inserted into the silt, preventing the structure from flowing away during water scouring.

[0014] Based on this, in order to make the structure more stable when inserted into the silt, several insertion rods are provided on the first connector. When one end of the first connector comes into contact with the silt, the insertion rods are first inserted into the silt for initial fixation.

[0015] Furthermore, the active component includes a sliding rod, and a first groove corresponding to the active component is provided on the first connector. One end of the sliding rod is located in the first groove, and an adjustment structure is used to drive the sliding rod to move along the first groove. By sliding the sliding rod in the first groove, the active component can block or not block the through groove. When the active component completely blocks the through groove, the through groove is in a closed state; when the active component does not block the through groove at all, the through groove is in an open state. Microbial cells can directly contact the sludge through the through groove, and the bacteria begin to multiply in the sludge, thus achieving sludge remediation.

[0016] Meanwhile, there can be multiple functional components. Several functional components are provided on the through groove, and these components can form a circular plate with a diameter larger than that of the through groove. The first connector head is provided with several first sliding grooves corresponding to the functional components. The adjustment structure includes an adjustment plate, which is provided with several second sliding grooves corresponding to the functional components. The other end of the sliding rod is located in the second sliding groove. The adjustment plate rotates to move the sliding rod within the first and second sliding grooves. When the sliding rod is on one end of the second sliding groove, the functional components form a complete circle and are located on the through groove, blocking the through groove and keeping it closed. When the sliding rod slides from one end of the second sliding groove to the other end, the functional components slide on the first connector head, not blocking the through groove and keeping it open.

[0017] Based on this, the adjustment structure can also be other structures, such as a telescopic rod set between the first slide groove and the sliding rod. The telescopic rod extends and retracts, causing the sliding rod to move within the first slide groove, thereby closing or opening the passage. However, controlling the extension and retraction of the telescopic rod in water is difficult, and the extension and retraction need to be controlled when the joint is inserted into silt. It is not easy for operators to grasp the timing of the extension and retraction of the telescopic rod, making the operation cumbersome.

[0018] Based on this, this structure is designed to open the through slot by rotating an adjusting plate to drive a sliding rod to slide in the first and second sliding grooves. The first connector is equipped with several insertion rods, each threaded with a rotating rod. A first gear is mounted on the rotating rod, and a second gear is mounted on the side of the adjusting plate. The first gear meshes with the second gear. When the first and second gears mesh, the rotating rod drives the adjusting plate to rotate circumferentially, causing the actuating element to close or open the through slot.

[0019] In use, when the insertion rod is inserted into the silt, the rotating rod is not inserted into the silt. Under the force of the silt, the rotating rod moves along the insertion rod towards the first connector. Since the rotating rod is threadedly connected to the insertion rod, it rotates circumferentially during its movement. When the rotating rod moves to the point where the first gear and the second gear mesh, the rotating rod drives the adjusting plate to rotate circumferentially together, thereby causing the sliding rod to move within the first and second sliding grooves, opening the through groove. The structure controlling the rotation of the adjusting plate and the movement of the sliding rod within the first and second sliding grooves are all mechanical structures, requiring no separate control. This makes it more suitable for underwater adjustment. Furthermore, the structure that triggers the rotation of the adjusting plate is that when the insertion rod is inserted into the silt, the rotating rod rotates under the action of the silt and moves towards the first connector. The rotation of the rotating rod drives the rotation of the adjusting plate, thus eliminating the need for operator control.

[0020] Preferably, in order to ensure that the rotating rod does not insert into the silt, the outer diameter of the rotating rod can be set to be large, and guide rods can be connected between adjacent rotating rods. This can ensure that the rotating rod does not insert into the silt, and at the same time, all rotating rods can move at the same frequency, which is more conducive to driving the adjustment plate to rotate.

[0021] Furthermore, based on the aforementioned microbial capsules, this invention also provides a method for manufacturing microbial capsules for in-situ ecological restoration of river silt, comprising the following steps:

[0022] A mesh skeleton is obtained by pressing;

[0023] Microbial strains are cultured on a mesh framework;

[0024] Prepare capsule shells by inserting a mesh skeleton containing cultured microbial strains into the capsule shells to obtain microbial capsules.

[0025] The capsule shell and the mesh skeleton are both made of modified starch material.

[0026] The inventors will fabricate a mesh-like framework structure from modified starch, cultivate the microbial strain on the mesh-like framework, and then encapsulate it into a capsule shell. This not only enhances the mechanical strength of the capsule shell to meet the strength requirements during transportation and distribution, but also enables the slow release of the microbial strain into river silt. Furthermore, both the capsule shell and the mesh-like framework are made of modified starch, which is autodegradable and can also be used as feed for aquatic organisms.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0028] This invention discloses a microbial capsule for in-situ ecological restoration of river silt and its manufacturing method. The structure encapsulates a mesh-like framework layer within the capsule shell, preventing the microbial inoculum from detaching during deployment. Cultivating the microbial inoculum on the mesh-like framework before filling the capsule shell not only enhances the mechanical strength of the capsule shell but also allows it to embed itself into the silt during deployment, preventing the structure from shifting due to water flow. Simultaneously, the microbial inoculum is slowly released into the river silt, multiplying within the silt and achieving highly efficient in-situ ecological restoration.

[0029] This structure directly performs in-situ ecological restoration in river or lake silt. It can be deployed at specific locations as needed. It's not just a dredging process of silt from riverbeds or lakes, but also a simultaneous construction process for river and lake restoration. It maximizes the removal of silt residue from the riverbed, facilitating the activation and restoration of indigenous microorganisms in the riverbed and lake sediment. This structure can activate indigenous microorganisms, establish the foundation of the ecological chain, restore the natural ecosystem, and assist in plant and animal ecological restoration methods, forming a large-scale ecological cycle system, thereby restoring the free ecological structure of the river. It also solidifies heavy metals and other harmful substances in the sediment, releases sealed nutrients from the sediment, and transforms them into effective nutrients that can be utilized by microorganisms, participating in the ecological chain cycle; it restores the biological bed, forming an oxidation pond-like environment and enhancing self-purification capabilities.

[0030] The capsule shell and mesh skeleton are made of modified starch material, which can be automatically degraded and can be used as the main feed for aquatic organisms such as fish after decomposition, without secondary pollution.

[0031] When the insertion rod is inserted into the silt, the force of the silt drives the rotating rod to rotate and move. The rotating rod adjusts the adjustment plate to rotate, causing the sliding rod to move in the first and second sliding grooves. This opens the channel, allowing the microorganisms inside to be slowly released into the river silt, completing the reproduction of the bacteria inside the silt. No separate operation is required, making it easier to operate and use. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in Example 1;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in Example 1;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first connector structure in Embodiment 3;

[0036] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the functional component structure in Example 3;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in Embodiment 3 where one end of the sliding rod is located at one end of the first sliding groove, and the through groove is in a closed state.

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in Embodiment 3 where the through groove is in the open state when the sliding rod moves to the other end on the first sliding groove;

[0039] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustment plate structure in Example 3;

[0040] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure with the through groove in the closed state, and a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the sliding rod and the second slide groove;

[0041] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure with the through groove in the open state, and a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the sliding rod and the second slide groove;

[0042] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the insertion rod and rotating rod structure in Example 4;

[0043] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the guide rod structure connecting the rotating rods in Example 4;

[0044] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in Example 4.

[0045] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0046] 1-Mesh skeleton layer, 2-Capsule shell layer, 3-Connector, 4-First connector, 5-Side plate, 6-First slide groove, 7-Actuator, 8-Connecting rod, 9-Sliding rod, 10-Insert rod, 11-Rotating rod, 111-Rotating sleeve, 112-Fixing sleeve, 113-Guide rod, 12-Adjusting plate, 13-Second slide groove. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0048] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "up", "down", "vertical", "horizontal", "high", "low", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, this structure includes a mesh framework layer 1, which comprises a mesh framework and microbial strains disposed within the mesh framework. Both the mesh framework and the microbial strains disposed within the mesh framework are existing structures. This structure also includes a capsule shell layer 2, in which the mesh framework layer 1 is enclosed, and the capsule shell layer 2 is water-soluble.

[0051] When in use, the dispensing device delivers the capsule shell layer to the desired location. During dispensing, one end of the capsule shell layer is inserted into the silt, and the capsule shell layer slowly dissolves. After dissolution, the microbial strains in the mesh skeleton are slowly released into the river silt, where they multiply.

[0052] In some embodiments, the capsule shell layer 2 is a starch capsule, and the mesh skeleton and starch capsule are modified starch materials, which are existing biodegradable materials.

[0053] In some embodiments, the tail end of the capsule shell layer 2 is a dovetail structure. Therefore, when the structure is deployed, the head end of the capsule shell layer 2 is inserted into the silt, and the dovetail structure at the tail end enables the structure to move faster in the water.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] like Figure 2 As shown, this structure includes a mesh framework layer 1, which comprises a mesh framework and microbial inoculum disposed within the mesh framework. The mesh framework layer 1 is enclosed within the capsule shell layer 2. One end of the mesh framework is connected to a connecting ring, which is connected to one end of a connector 3. The other end of the connector 3 is provided with a thin film, and the connector 3 can slide along the connecting ring towards the inside of the mesh framework layer. During deployment, as the connector 3 is inserted into the sludge, the force of the sludge causes the connector to slide along the connecting ring towards the inside of the mesh framework layer. During this sliding process, the mesh framework punctures the thin film, and the sludge also acts on the thin film when the connector is inserted into the sludge, accelerating the film's rupture. Therefore, when the connector is fixed in the sludge, the microbial inoculum within the mesh framework can also be directly released into the sludge.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 3 As shown, one end of the mesh skeleton layer 1 is connected to a connector 3. The connector 3 includes a first connector 4, which has a through groove that communicates with the mesh skeleton. An actuating element 7 is provided on the through groove, and the actuating element 7 is connected to an adjusting structure. The adjusting structure can close or open the through groove by the actuating element 7.

[0058] In some embodiments, the first connector 4 is provided with a plurality of insertion rods 10. When the capsule shell layer is inserted into the silt, the insertion rods are first inserted into the silt. With the action of the release force, the insertion rods are deeply inserted and fixed in the silt, thereby fixing the structure to the silt.

[0059] In some embodiments, five functional members 7 are provided on the through groove, and the five functional members 7 can form a circular plate, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the through groove. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the actuating element 7 includes a sliding rod 9 and a connecting rod 8. The sliding rod 9 is disposed on the connecting rod 8. The first connector 4 is provided with five first sliding grooves 6 corresponding one-to-one with the five actuating elements 7. One end of each of the five sliding rods 9 is located in one of the five first sliding grooves 6. The first connector includes a cylindrical structure and five side plates 5 disposed on the cylindrical structure. The first sliding grooves are respectively disposed on the side plates.

[0060] When one end of the sliding rod 9 is located at one end of the first sliding groove 6, such as Figure 5 As shown, the five actuators 7 form a circular plate located on the through groove, blocking the through groove, which is in a closed state. When the sliding rod 9 moves to the other end on the first groove, as... Figure 6 As shown, the five actuators 7 do not obstruct the through slot, which is in the open state. The adjustment structure is used to move the sliding rod 9 on the first slide slot.

[0061] In some embodiments, the adjustment structure is a telescopic rod disposed between the first slide groove and the sliding rod, which extends and retracts to move the sliding rod within the first slide groove.

[0062] In some embodiments, the adjustment structure includes an adjustment plate 12, the adjustment plate 12 as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the adjusting plate 12 has five second sliding grooves 13 corresponding to the five actuating elements 7. The two ends of the sliding rod 9 pass through the connecting rod 8. One end of the sliding rod is located in the first sliding groove, and the other end is located in the second sliding groove 13. The adjusting plate 12 rotates to move the sliding rod 9 within the first and second sliding grooves 6 and 13, thus closing or opening the through slots of the actuating elements 7. When the sliding rod slides to one end of the second sliding groove, as... Figure 8 As shown, at this time, the active components form a complete circle and are located on the through slot, blocking the through slot and keeping it in a closed state. When the adjusting plate rotates, as... Figure 9 As shown, the sliding rod slides from one end of the second groove to the other end. At this time, the actuating element slides on the first connector 4, without blocking the through groove, so that the through groove is in the open state.

[0063] Example 4

[0064] Based on Embodiment 3, the rotation of the adjusting plate can be achieved through various structures or methods. In some embodiments, such as... Figure 10 As shown, a rotating rod 11 is threaded onto the insertion rod 10. A first gear is provided on the rotating rod 11, and a second gear is provided on the side of the adjusting plate 12. The first gear can mesh with the second gear. When the first gear meshes with the second gear, the rotating rod 11 drives the adjusting plate 12 to rotate circumferentially, causing the actuating element 7 to close or open the through slot.

[0065] When the insertion rod is inserted into the silt, the outer diameter of the rotating rod is set too large, so the rotating rod cannot be inserted into the silt. Under the force of the silt, the rotating rod moves along the insertion rod towards the first joint. Since the rotating rod is threadedly connected to the insertion rod, the rotating rod rotates circumferentially during the movement. When the rotating rod moves to the point where the first gear and the second gear mesh, the rotating rod drives the adjusting plate to rotate circumferentially together, thereby causing the sliding rod to move in the first and second sliding grooves, thus opening the through groove.

[0066] In some embodiments, to further ensure that the rotating rod cannot be inserted into the silt, such as Figure 11 As shown, guide rods 113 connect adjacent rotating rods. Since the rotating rods need to rotate circumferentially, rotating sleeves 111 and fixed sleeves 112 are provided on the rotating rods. The rotating rods can rotate circumferentially within the rotating sleeves. The lower end of the rotating sleeves contacts but is not connected to the fixed sleeves. The fixed sleeves rotate circumferentially along with the rotating rods. Guide rods 113 are connected to the rotating sleeves. When the rotating rods move and rotate circumferentially, they rotate within the rotating sleeves, and the rotating sleeves and rotating rods move together towards the direction closest to the first joint. Guide rods 113 prevent the rotating rods from inserting into the silt and also ensure that all rotating rods move at the same speed. The structure of this configuration is as follows. Figure 12 As stated above.

[0067] Example 5

[0068] In some embodiments, the mesh skeleton includes gellan gum, carboxyl-terminated polyethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tetrahydrofuran, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl), 3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and deionized water.

[0069] In some embodiments, the capsule shell comprises gellan gum, hydroxyl-terminated polyethylene glycol, citric acid-soluble dioxane, glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-diisopropylcarbodiimide, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N-hydroxybenzotriazole, N-hydroxysuccinimide, and deionized water.

[0070] Based on the above embodiments, a method for preparing microbial capsules for in-situ ecological restoration of river silt includes the following steps:

[0071] A mesh skeleton is obtained by pressing;

[0072] The network skeleton and crosslinking material are dissolved in a good solvent, and then a dehydrating agent and a catalyst are added. After reacting at room temperature, the reaction solution is poured into a poor solvent to precipitate. After filtration, the solid is dissolved in a small amount of good solvent and filtered again. It is then precipitated again in the poor solvent, filtered again, and dried to obtain the network skeleton material.

[0073] Starch raw materials, reinforcing agents, and network skeleton materials are added to deionized water, stirred under vacuum, heated and completely gelatinized, and then cooled.

[0074] The above-mentioned adhesive liquid is then formed into a mesh skeleton through an extrusion device and then cut into granules.

[0075] Microbial strains are cultured on mesh-like skeletal particles to obtain three-dimensional mesh microbial capsule particles.

[0076] Add starch raw materials, reinforcing agents, and capsule shell materials to deionized water, stir under a vacuum of -0.09 MPa to -0.07 MPa, heat to 70-90℃ and maintain for 1-5 hours to allow complete gelatinization, then cool to 50-60℃ for later use.

[0077] Using an automatic preform making machine, the above-mentioned gelatin liquid is made into capsule preforms through processes such as coating, cooling, and capsule extraction.

[0078] Microbial three-dimensional network capsule particles are filled into capsules to obtain microbial capsules.

[0079] The microbial three-dimensional network capsule particles are provided with a connecting frame, which is connected to the connector.

[0080] The terms "first" and "second" used in this document are merely for clarity of description and are not intended to restrict any order or emphasize importance. Furthermore, the term "connection" used in this document, unless otherwise specified, can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection via other components.

[0081] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microbial capsule for in-situ ecological restoration of river silt, comprising a mesh framework layer (1), wherein the mesh framework layer (1) comprises a mesh framework and microbial strains disposed within the mesh framework, characterized in that, It also includes a capsule shell layer (2), the mesh skeleton layer (1) is wrapped inside the capsule shell layer (2), the capsule shell layer (2) is soluble in water; one end of the mesh skeleton layer (1) is connected to a connector (3), the connector (3) includes a first connector (4), the first connector (4) is provided with a through groove, the through groove is connected to the mesh skeleton, the through groove is provided with an actuating element (7), the actuating element (7) is connected to an adjusting structure, the adjusting structure can make the actuating element (7) close or open the through groove; the first connector (4) is provided with a plurality of insertion rods (10). The actuating element (7) includes a sliding rod (9), and the first connector (4) is provided with a first sliding groove (6) corresponding to the actuating element (7). One end of the sliding rod (9) is located in the first sliding groove (6), and the adjusting structure is used to drive the sliding rod (9) to move along the first sliding groove (6). A plurality of actuating elements (7) are provided on the through groove, and a plurality of first sliding grooves (6) corresponding one-to-one with the plurality of actuating elements (7) are provided on the first connector (4). The adjusting structure includes an adjusting plate (12), and a plurality of second sliding grooves (6) corresponding one-to-one with the plurality of actuating elements (7) are provided on the adjusting plate (12). The sliding rod (9) is located in the second sliding groove (13) at the other end. The adjusting plate (12) rotates to move the sliding rod (9) in the first sliding groove (6) and the second sliding groove (13), so that the actuating element (7) closes or opens the through groove. A number of insertion rods (10) are provided on the first connector (4). A rotating rod (11) is threaded on the insertion rod (10). The outer diameter of the rotating rod (11) is larger than the outer diameter of the insertion rod (10), so that the insertion rod (10) can penetrate into the silt during the delivery process. The bottom end of the rotating rod (11) abuts against the surface of the silt without penetrating it; a first gear is provided on the rotating rod (11), and a second gear is provided on the side of the adjusting plate (12); when the bacterial capsule is placed and inserted into the silt, under the force of the silt, the rotating rod (11) moves along the insertion rod (10) toward the direction of the first connector and rotates circumferentially, so that the first gear meshes with the second gear. When the first gear meshes with the second gear, the rotating rod (11) drives the adjusting plate (12) to rotate circumferentially, so that the action element (7) closes or opens the through slot.

2. The microbial capsule for in-situ ecological restoration of river silt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The capsule shell layer (2) is a starch capsule.

3. The microbial capsule for in-situ ecological restoration of river silt according to claim 1, characterized in that, Several functional components (7) can form a circular plate, and the diameter of the circular plate is greater than the diameter of the through groove.

4. A method for preparing microbial capsules for in-situ ecological restoration of river silt, characterized in that, The microbial capsule comprising any one of claims 1-3 includes the following steps: A mesh skeleton is obtained by pressing; Microbial strains are cultured on a mesh framework; Prepare capsule shells by inserting a mesh skeleton containing cultured microbial strains into the capsule shells to obtain microbial capsules.

5. A method for preparing microbial capsules for in-situ ecological restoration of river silt according to claim 4, characterized in that, Both the capsule shell and the mesh skeleton are made of modified starch material.

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