A type of MXene Ti 3 C 2 T x All-optical phase modulator and modulation method for PDMS

Abstract

This invention provides a method based on MXene Ti 3 C 2 T x All-optical phase modulation device and modulation method for PDMS. This all-optical phase modulation device consists of a fiber interferometer and MXene Ti... 3 C 2 T x Two-dimensional materials, PDMS material composition, MXene Ti 3 C 2 T x Two-dimensional material was deposited onto the surface of coreless fiber II of the fiber interferometer. The surfaces of coreless fibers I and II of the fiber interferometer were also coated with PDMS material to complete the fabrication of an all-optical phase modulator. Based on MXene Ti... 3 C 2 T x The high photothermal conversion efficiency of two-dimensional materials and the high thermo-optical coefficient of PDMS material convert changes in excitation light into changes in the refractive index of PDMS material. The fiber optic interferometer senses the refractive index change of PDMS material, causing wavelength shift and phase change in the output interference spectrum. This invention optimizes the sensitivity of phase modulation, reduces device size, and enhances device reliability and practicality.

Description

A Ti3C2T-based MXene x All-optical phase modulator and modulation method for PDMS Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical control technology, specifically to a method based on MXene Ti3C2T. x All-optical phase modulation devices and modulation methods for / PDMS. Background Technology

[0002] The rapid development of the 5G information age has placed higher demands on information processing and modulation applications. Compared with traditional electro-optic modulators, all-optical modulators have advantages such as fast response speed, low power consumption, and wide bandwidth, and have become a current research hotspot.

[0003] Currently, methods for achieving all-optical modulation are mainly based on three major principles and mechanisms: photothermal effect, optical Kerr effect, and saturated absorption effect. Among these, the method based on MXene Ti3C2T... x All-optical phase modulators achieved through the photothermal effect of two-dimensional (titanium carbide) materials have been reported. Specifically, existing conventional techniques generally utilize MXene Ti3C2T... x Two-dimensional materials are coated onto interferometric optical fibers (typically tapered fibers), allowing two beams of signal light and excitation light of different wavelengths to be simultaneously introduced. This is achieved thanks to MXene Ti3C2T. x The excellent photothermal conversion efficiency of two-dimensional materials allows excitation light energy to be efficiently converted into heat, which in turn alters the effective refractive index difference of the interferometric fiber, resulting in a wavelength shift in the interference spectrum of the signal light. By controlling the change in excitation light power, dynamic modulation of the wavelength of the signal light interference spectrum can be achieved, ultimately realizing phase modulation.

[0004] However, the traditional MXene-based Ti3C2T x The existing all-optical phase modulators have two main drawbacks. First, their phase modulation sensitivity is generally low (typically less than 0.5 nm / mW). Second, the structures of reported mainstream fiber-optic all-optical modulators are usually based on tapered fibers. However, the diameter of tapered fibers is typically 10 μm or even lower, resulting in structural fragility and low utilization of heat generated by photothermal effects from bare fibers. These major drawbacks greatly limit the practical application range and fields of all-optical phase modulators, thus leading to the significance of this invention. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to propose a method based on two different materials (MXene Ti3C2T) xThis invention combines PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) with an all-optical phase modulator and modulation method, benefiting from the high thermo-optical conversion coefficient of PDMS material and high-power excitation light incident on MXene Ti3C2T. x The generated heat can be efficiently converted into a change in the refractive index of the PDMS itself, which can then be sensed by the fiber optic interferometer, thus solving the technical problem of low phase modulation sensitivity in traditional all-optical phase modulators.

[0006] The PDMS material used in the all-optical phase modulator of this invention is also used as the packaging material for all-optical phase modulators, which not only solves the technical problem of the fragile structure of traditional all-optical phase modulators, but also ensures the excitation light input MXeneTi3C2T x The generated heat is contained within a limited space, preventing heat loss and thus solving the technical problem of low heat utilization.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method based on MXene Ti3C2T x The all-optical phase modulation device for PDMS consists of a fiber interferometer and an MXene Ti3C2T. x The fiber optic interferometer is composed of two-dimensional materials and PDMS materials. It comprises two single-mode optical fibers for input and output, two coreless optical fibers I located between the two single-mode fibers, and a coreless optical fiber II located between the two coreless optical fibers I. Both coreless optical fibers I and II are made of silica. The two coreless optical fibers I are fused to the two single-mode fibers respectively, and both ends of the coreless optical fiber II are fused to the two coreless optical fibers I in a misaligned manner to form the fiber optic interferometer structure. The MXene Ti3C2T... x Two-dimensional material is deposited on the surface of coreless fiber II with a thickness at the nanometer level. The surfaces of coreless fiber I and coreless fiber II are also coated with PDMS material covering the entire interference region of coreless fiber I and coreless fiber II, thus completing the fabrication of an all-optical phase modulator.

[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the two input / output single-mode optical fibers are composed of a core and a cladding. The diameter of the core is 9 μm, and the diameter of the core after the cladding is applied is 125 μm. The outer diameter of the two single-mode optical fibers is equal to the diameter of the two coreless optical fiber segments I.

[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the two coreless optical fibers I are coreless optical fibers with a diameter of 125μm, and the coreless optical fiber II is a coreless optical fiber with a diameter of 62.5μm. The coreless optical fiber with a diameter of 125μm has a length of 1mm, and the coreless optical fiber with a diameter of 62.5μm has a length of 100 to 1000μm.

[0011] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the two ends of the coreless optical fiber II are respectively fused with two segments of coreless optical fiber I with misalignment, and the misalignment distance is 31.25μm.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention, the thickness of the PDMS material coated on the surface of the coreless optical fiber II is 1-2 mm.

[0013] As a further aspect of the present invention, the thermo-optical conversion coefficient of the PDMS material coated on the surface of the coreless optical fiber II is 4.2 x 10⁻⁶. -4 RIU / ℃.

[0014] As a further aspect of the present invention, a coreless fiber I fused with the input single-mode fiber is used to expand the incident light of the input signal light. The interface between the coreless fiber I and the coreless fiber II is used to divide the incident light into two parts: one part of the incident light continues to propagate along the coreless fiber II, and this part of the light serves as the reference light for the interferometer; the other part of the incident light propagates along the PDMS material, and this part of the light serves as the measurement light for the interferometer to sense the refractive index change of the PDMS material.

[0015] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the interface between the other end of the coreless fiber II and the coreless fiber I is used to recouple the signal light and the measurement light to form interference, and after being focused by the coreless fiber I, the modulated light is output from the output single-mode fiber.

[0016] Secondly, the present invention also provides a method based on MXene Ti3C2T x The modulation method of the all-optical phase modulator / PDMS is based on the all-optical phase modulator to dynamically modulate the phase information of the signal light output interference spectrum. This method is based on MXene Ti3C2T. x The modulation method of the all-optical phase modulator of PDMS includes the following steps:

[0017] The signal light and excitation light are coupled to one end of the all-optical phase modulator through a wavelength division multiplexer, and the output light is connected to the spectrometer.

[0018] Based on MXene Ti3C2T x The high photothermal conversion efficiency of two-dimensional materials and the high thermo-optical coefficient of PDMS materials convert the change of excitation light into a change of the refractive index of PDMS materials;

[0019] The fiber optic interferometer senses the refractive index change of the PDMS material and causes wavelength shift and phase change in the output interference spectrum;

[0020] Specifically, the phase information of the signal light output interference spectrum is dynamically modulated by changing the optical power of the input excitation light.

[0021] As a further aspect of the present invention, the excitation light uses a 980nm laser light source, and the signal light uses a broadband light source in the 1250-1650nm wavelength band.

[0022] Compared with existing technologies, this invention proposes a method based on MXene Ti3C2T. x The all-optical phase modulation device and modulation method of / PDMS have the following beneficial technical effects:

[0023] This invention provides a method based on MXene Ti3C2T x The all-optical phase modulation device and modulation method of PDMS have superior all-optical phase modulation sensitivity. The structure of the all-optical modulation device is very small and compact, with the entire device length being only a few millimeters. PDMS material is used as the packaging material for the device, which not only increases the reliability and practicality of the device, but also prevents heat leakage and improves heat utilization efficiency.

[0024] Moreover, this invention is based on MXene Ti3C2T x Based on two-dimensional materials, PDMS material was innovatively combined with MXene Ti3C2T. x The high photothermal conversion efficiency of two-dimensional materials and the high thermo-optical coefficient of PDMS materials not only improve the heat utilization efficiency and optimize the all-optical modulation phase sensitivity, but also enhance the reliability and practicality of devices when PDMS materials are used as packaging materials.

[0025] This application proposes a MXene Ti3C2T-based... x An all-optical phase modulator combining a PDMS and a fiber optic interferometer enables high-sensitivity all-optical phase modulation applications. This all-optical phase modulator shows potential in applications such as all-optical communication, all-optical modulation, and fiber optic filtering.

[0026] These or other aspects of this application will become more apparent from the following description of embodiments. It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit the application. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention based on MXene Ti3C2T. x A schematic diagram of an all-optical phase modulation device combining PDMS;

[0029] Figure 2 is a diagram of the test platform for the all-optical phase modulation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the present invention based on MXene Ti3C2T. x The modulation method of an all-optical phase modulator device combining PDMS and modulators with the addition of PDMS material; an all-optical phase modulation effect diagram of the modulator's transmission spectrum.

[0031] Figure 4 shows an embodiment of the present invention based on MXene Ti3C2T. x The modulation method of an all-optical phase modulator combining PDMS and PDMS: the effect of all-optical phase modulation on the phase modulation sensitivity of the added PDMS material;

[0032] Figure 5 shows an embodiment of the present invention based on MXene Ti3C2T. x The modulation method of an all-optical phase modulator without PDMS material in the modulation method of an all-optical phase modulator combined with PDMS is shown in the all-optical phase modulation effect diagram of the transmission spectrum of the modulator.

[0033] Figure 6 shows an embodiment of the present invention based on MXene Ti3C2T. x The all-optical phase modulation effect diagram of the phase modulation sensitivity of the all-optical phase modulation device without the addition of PDMS material in the modulation method of the all-optical phase modulation device combined with PDMS.

[0034] The purpose, features, and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present application will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific examples and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0037] It should be noted that all uses of "Ⅰ" and "Ⅱ" in the embodiments of the present invention are for the purpose of distinguishing two different entities or different parameters with the same name. Therefore, "Ⅰ" and "Ⅱ" are merely for convenience of expression and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0038] The following details a method based on MXene Ti3C2T proposed in this invention. x This application proposes an all-optical phase modulation device and modulation method based on two different materials (MXene Ti3C2T). x A fully optical phase modulator combining PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) and MXene Ti3C2T. Benefiting from the high thermo-optical conversion coefficient of PDMS material, high-power excitation light is incident on MXene Ti3C2T. x The heat generated by the two-dimensional material 5 can be efficiently converted into a change in the refractive index of the PDMS material 2, which can then be sensed by the fiber optic interferometer, thus solving the technical problem of low phase modulation sensitivity of traditional all-optical phase modulators.

[0039] The PDMS material 2 used in the all-optical phase modulator of this invention is also used as the packaging material for the all-optical phase modulator device 7. This not only solves the technical problem of the fragile structure of traditional all-optical phase modulators, but also ensures the excitation light input MXeneTi3C2T x The heat generated by the two-dimensional material 5 is contained within a limited space, preventing heat leakage and thus solving the technical problem of low heat utilization. The embodiment of this invention involves MXene Ti3C2T... x The structure of the all-optical phase modulation device for PDMS is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 shows the structure based on MXene Ti3C2T. x A schematic diagram of the structure of a novel all-optical phase modulator combining PDMS material.

[0040] Referring to Figure 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method based on MXene Ti3C2T. x A novel all-optical phase modulator combining PDMS materials consists of a fiber interferometer and MXene Ti3C2T. xThe structure is composed of two-dimensional material 5 and PDMS material 2. The fiber optic interferometer comprises two single-mode fibers 1 for input / output, two coreless fiber segments I3 located between the two single-mode fibers 1, and a coreless fiber segment II4 located between the two coreless fiber segments I3. Both coreless fiber segments I3 and II4 are made of silicon dioxide. The two coreless fiber segments I3 are fused to the two single-mode fibers 1 respectively, and the two ends of the coreless fiber segment II4 are fused to the two coreless fiber segments I3 in a misaligned manner to form the fiber optic interferometer structure. The MXene Ti3C2T... x Two-dimensional material 5 is deposited on the surface of coreless optical fiber II4 with a thickness at the nanometer level. The surfaces of coreless optical fiber I3 and coreless optical fiber II4 are also coated with PDMS material 2, which covers the entire interference region of coreless optical fiber I3 and coreless optical fiber II4, thus completing the fabrication of an all-optical phase modulator.

[0041] Referring to Figure 1, the two single-mode optical fibers 1 for input / output are composed of a core 12 and a cladding 11. The diameter of the core 12 is 9 μm, and the diameter of the core 12 after the cladding 11 is applied is 125 μm. The outer diameter of the two single-mode optical fibers 1 is equal to the diameter of the two coreless optical fibers I3.

[0042] Among them, the two coreless optical fibers I3 are coreless optical fibers with a diameter of 125μm, and the coreless optical fiber II4 is a coreless optical fiber with a diameter of 62.5μm. The 125μm diameter coreless optical fiber has a length of 1mm, and the 62.5μm diameter coreless optical fiber has a length of 100 to 1000μm.

[0043] The two ends of the coreless optical fiber II4 are respectively fused with two coreless optical fiber I3 segments with misalignment, and the misalignment distance is 31.25μm. The PDMS material 2 coated on the surface of the coreless optical fiber II4 has a thickness of 1-2mm. In this embodiment, the PDMS material 2 is polydimethylsiloxane.

[0044] For example, in this embodiment, the fiber optic interferometer comprises two single-mode optical fibers 1 (core 12 / cladding 11 diameter: 9 / 125μm), two 125μm diameter coreless optical fibers, and one 62.5μm diameter coreless optical fiber. The coreless optical fiber is composed of high-purity silica. The 125μm diameter coreless optical fiber is designed to be 1mm long, and the 62.5μm diameter coreless optical fiber has a diameter of 100 to 1000μm. During fabrication, the two single-mode optical fibers 1 are first fused with the two 125μm coreless optical fibers. Then, the two ends of the 62.5μm coreless optical fiber are fused with the 125μm coreless optical fiber in a misaligned manner (misalignment distance: 31.25μm) to form the fiber optic interferometer structure. Next, MXene Ti3C2T is deposited using optical deposition. xTwo-dimensional material 5 was deposited onto the surface of a 62.5 μm coreless optical fiber, and the deposited MXene Ti3C2T x The thickness of the two-dimensional material 5 is at the nanometer level. Finally, PDMS material 2 is coated onto the surface of the coreless optical fiber, covering the entire interference region, with a thickness of 1-2 mm, thus completing the fabrication of the all-optical phase modulator.

[0045] In this embodiment, the function of each component is as follows:

[0046] MXene Ti3C2T x Two-dimensional material 5 exhibits a high photothermal conversion efficiency (close to 100%), its main function being to convert the input excitation light energy into heat; while PDMS material 2 has a high thermo-photoelectric conversion coefficient (4.2 x 10⁻⁶). -4 (RIU / ℃), its main function is to efficiently convert absorbed heat into changes in its own refractive index. The main function of the fiber optic interferometer is to sense changes in the refractive index of the surrounding medium and convert them into wavelength shifts and phase changes in the output transmission spectrum. Therefore, by modulating the magnitude of the excitation light power, all-optical modulation of the phase of the output interference spectrum of the signal light can be achieved.

[0047] The present invention is based on MXene Ti3C2T x A novel all-optical phase modulator combining PDMS material is used. A coreless fiber I3, fused to the input single-mode fiber 1, is used to expand the incident light of the input signal light. The interface between the coreless fiber I3 and the coreless fiber II4 is used to split the incident light into two parts: one part of the incident light continues to propagate along the coreless fiber II4, and this part of the light serves as the reference light for the interferometer; the other part of the incident light propagates along the PDMS material 2, and this part of the light serves as the measurement light for the interferometer to sense the refractive index change of the PDMS material 2.

[0048] The interface between the other end of the coreless fiber II4 and the coreless fiber I3 is used to recouple the signal light and the measurement light to form interference. After being focused by the coreless fiber I3, the modulated light is output from the output single-mode fiber 1.

[0049] Referring to Figure 1, the present invention is based on MXene Ti3C2T x The sensing principle of the optical interferometer using a novel all-optical phase modulator combined with PDMS material is as follows:

[0050] The signal light enters from the left-side single-mode fiber 1. The incident light is expanded by the first 125μm coreless fiber segment on the left. Upon reaching the interface between the 125μm and 62.5μm coreless fibers on the left, the incident light is split into two parts: one part continues to propagate along the 62.5μm coreless fiber, serving as the reference light for the interferometer; the other part propagates along the PDMS material 2, serving as the measurement light for the interferometer to sense changes in the refractive index of the PDMS material 2. The signal and measurement lights recouple at the interface between the 62.5μm and 125μm coreless fibers on the right, forming interference. After being focused by the 125μm coreless fiber on the right, the modulated light is finally output through the right-side single-mode fiber 1. When the refractive index of the deposited PDMS material 2 changes, the effective refractive index difference between the reference and signal lights changes, leading to wavelength shift and phase change in the transmission interference spectrum.

[0051] The working principle of the all-optical phase modulation device 7 of the present invention is as follows:

[0052] When the excitation light is input to the all-optical phase modulator structure, thanks to MXene Ti3C2T x The two-dimensional material 5 exhibits a high photothermal conversion efficiency (close to 100%), where excitation light energy is efficiently converted into heat, triggering a temperature change in the PDMS material 2; while the PDMS material 2 possesses a very high thermo-optical coefficient (4.2 x 10⁻⁶). -4 The temperature change (RIU / ℃) is further efficiently converted into a change in its own optical refractive index. Ultimately, the fiber optic interferometer senses the refractive index change of PDMS material 2, causing a wavelength shift and phase change in the output interference spectrum. Therefore, by changing the optical power of the input excitation light, the phase information of the signal light output interference spectrum can be dynamically modulated.

[0053] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a method based on MXene Ti3C2T. x The modulation method of the all-optical phase modulator / PDMS, based on the all-optical phase modulator 7 mentioned above, dynamically modulates the phase information of the signal light output interference spectrum, which is based on MXene Ti3C2T. x The modulation method of the all-optical phase modulator of PDMS includes the following steps:

[0054] The signal light and excitation light are coupled to one end of the all-optical phase modulator 7 through wavelength division multiplexer 6, and the output light is connected to spectrometer 8;

[0055] Based on MXene Ti3C2T x The high photothermal conversion efficiency of the two-dimensional material 5 and the high thermo-photoelectric coefficient of the PDMS material 2 convert the change of excitation light into a change of the refractive index of the PDMS material 2.

[0056] The fiber optic interferometer senses the change in refractive index of PDMS material 2, and induces wavelength shift and phase change in the output interference spectrum;

[0057] Specifically, the phase information of the signal light output interference spectrum is dynamically modulated by changing the optical power of the input excitation light.

[0058] The fiber optic interferometer employs a structure consisting of single-mode fiber 1 - 125μm coreless fiber - 62.5μm coreless fiber - 125μm coreless fiber - single-mode fiber 1. In contrast, traditional all-optical phase modulators typically use a fiber optic interferometer structure based on tapered fibers. The common function of both interferometer elements is to sense the refractive index of the surrounding medium and convert changes in the external refractive index into wavelength shifts and phase changes in the transmission spectrum.

[0059] However, the fiber optic interferometer in this invention has significant advantages:

[0060] (1) Small sensing area. The sensing area of ​​this structure is small (the measurement light and reference light area includes a 62.5μm coreless optical fiber and the PDMS material deposited on top). The miniature sensing area is beneficial for the later integration and application of the device.

[0061] (2) High sensitivity refractive index response. The wavelength drift and phase change of the interferometer are directly determined by the effective refractive index difference between the 62.5μm coreless fiber and PDMS material 2. The refractive index change of PDMS material 2 can directly and significantly change the effective refractive index difference of the fiber interferometer, thereby achieving a high sensitivity response to refractive index.

[0062] Furthermore, the objective of this invention is to achieve highly sensitive all-optical phase modulation. While achieving this objective, conventional all-optical modulators typically involve directly depositing MXene material onto a fiber interferometer structure, which is a traditional alternative. However, with this traditional alternative, the heat generated by the excitation light on the MXene diffuses into the surrounding environment, thus failing to achieve efficient heat utilization. This invention utilizes MXene Ti3C2T... x Based on two-dimensional material 5, PDMS material 2 is innovatively combined with it, while also utilizing MXene Ti3C2T x The high photothermal conversion efficiency of the two-dimensional material 5 and the high thermo-optical coefficient of the PDMS material 2 not only improve the heat utilization efficiency and optimize the all-optical modulation phase sensitivity, but also enhance the reliability and practicality of the device as a packaging material.

[0063] To verify the performance of the novel all-optical phase modulator proposed in this invention, an experimental platform was built for validation. Referring to Figure 2, the signal light and excitation light were coupled to one end of the all-optical phase modulator via a wavelength division multiplexer 6, and the output light was connected to a spectrometer 8. During the experiment, a 980nm laser source was used for the excitation light, and a broadband source in the 1250-1650nm wavelength range was used for the signal light.

[0064] Figures 3 and 4 show the experimental transmission spectra and the corresponding interference wavelength modulation sensitivity. The wavelength shift effect at the interference trough reflects the modulation effect of the novel all-optical phase modulator proposed in this invention. Furthermore, to better demonstrate the improved modulation performance, an identical modulator device was fabricated for performance comparison, but without the PDMS material 2 coating. The corresponding results are shown in Figures 5 and 6. During the test, excitation light power ranging from 10.7 mW to 23.4 mW was selected, where 10.7 mW is the minimum adjustable power of the 980 nm laser used in the experiment. Figures 3 and 4 show that due to the different refractive indices of PDMS material 2 and air, there is a significant difference in the free spectral range between the two transmission spectra. Nevertheless, with the increase of excitation light power, both all-optical modulators exhibit a significant wavelength shift at the interference trough, thus confirming the success of the phase modulation effect.

[0065] Furthermore, this invention selects the interference trough near 1450nm as an example for observation. It can be seen that the total wavelength shift of the all-optical device with added PDMS material 2 is 101.2nm, and the linear modulation wavelength sensitivity is 7.78nm / mW. In contrast, the total wavelength shift and linear modulation wavelength sensitivity of the all-optical device without added PDMS material 2 are 0.7nm and 0.053nm / mW, respectively. Comparing the two, it can be concluded that the modulation sensitivity of the all-optical phase modulator with added PDMS material 2 is 147 times that of the bare modulator without PDMS material 2. Moreover, the wavelength shift in the interference spectrum originates from the phase change of the interference signal. If the above wavelength sensitivity is converted into phase sensitivity, the phase modulation sensitivities of the all-optical phase modulator before and after adding PDMS material 2 are 0.0058π / mW and 0.137π / mW, respectively. It can be seen that the phase modulation sensitivity is also significantly improved after adding PDMS material 2.

[0066] The advantages and positive effects of this product compared to existing technologies are as follows:

[0067] (1) It has superior all-optical phase modulation sensitivity;

[0068] (2) The all-optical modulator has a very small and compact structure, with the entire device being only a few millimeters in length;

[0069] (3) PDMS material 2, as the packaging material of the device, not only increases the reliability and practicality of the device, but also prevents heat leakage and improves the heat utilization efficiency.

[0070] Therefore, the MXene Ti3C2T based application proposed in this application... x An all-optical phase modulator combining a PDMS and a fiber optic interferometer enables high-sensitivity all-optical phase modulation applications. This all-optical phase modulator shows potential in applications such as all-optical communication, all-optical modulation, and fiber optic filtering.

[0071] The above are exemplary embodiments disclosed in this invention. However, it should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the embodiments of this invention as defined by the claims. The functions, steps, and / or actions of the methods according to the disclosed embodiments described herein do not need to be performed in any particular order. Furthermore, although the elements disclosed in the embodiments of this invention may be described or claimed individually, they may be understood as multiple unless explicitly limited to a singular number.

[0072] It should be understood that, as used herein, the singular form "a" is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly supports an exception. It should also be understood that, as used herein, "and / or" refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associatedly listed items. The embodiment numbers disclosed above are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0073] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the invention (including the claims) is limited to these examples. Within the framework of the invention, technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can be combined, and many other variations of different aspects of the invention exist, which are not provided in the details for the sake of brevity. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the invention should be included within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A method based on MXene Ti3C2T x The all-optical phase modulation device for PDMS is characterized by... This all-optical phase modulation device consists of a fiber interferometer and an MXene Ti3C2T. x The material is composed of two-dimensional materials and PDMS materials; wherein, the fiber optic interferometer comprises two single-mode fibers for input / output, two coreless fiber segments I located between the two single-mode fibers, and a coreless fiber segment II located between the two coreless fiber segments I. The MXene Ti3C2T x Two-dimensional material is deposited onto the surface of coreless fiber II with a thickness at the nanometer level. Both coreless fibers I and II are further coated with PDMS material covering the entire interference region of both fibers, thus fabricating an all-optical phase modulator. This is based on MXene Ti3C2T. x The high photothermal conversion efficiency of the two-dimensional material and the high thermo-optical coefficient of PDMS material convert the change in excitation light into a change in the refractive index of PDMS material. The fiber interferometer senses the change in the refractive index of PDMS material and induces wavelength drift and phase change in the output interference spectrum. Both coreless fiber I and coreless fiber II are composed of silicon dioxide. The two segments of coreless fiber I are fused with two single-mode fibers respectively. The two ends of coreless fiber II are fused with the two segments of coreless fiber I in a misaligned manner to form the fiber interferometer structure. The length of coreless fiber I is 1 mm, and the length of coreless fiber II is 100 to 1000 μm. The two ends of coreless fiber II are fused with the two segments of coreless fiber I in a misaligned manner with a misalignment distance of 31.25 μm.

2. The MXene Ti3C2T based invention as described in claim 1 x The all-optical phase modulation device for PDMS is characterized by... The two single-mode optical fibers for input and output consist of a core and a cladding, and the outer diameter of the two single-mode optical fibers is equal to the diameter of the two coreless optical fiber segments I.

3. The MXene Ti3C2T based invention as described in claim 2 x The all-optical phase modulation device for PDMS is characterized by... The thickness of the PDMS material coated on the surface of the coreless optical fiber II is 1-2 mm.

4. The MXene Ti3C2T based invention as described in claim 1 x The all-optical phase modulation device for PDMS is characterized by... The thermo-optical conversion coefficient of the PDMS material coated on the surface of the coreless optical fiber II is 4.2 x 10⁻⁶. -4 RIU / ℃.

5. The MXene Ti3C2T based invention according to claim 1 x The all-optical phase modulation device for PDMS is characterized by... The coreless fiber I, fused to the input single-mode fiber, is used to expand the incident light of the input signal light. The interface between the coreless fiber I and the coreless fiber II is used to divide the incident light into two parts: one part of the incident light continues to propagate along the coreless fiber II, and this part of the light serves as the reference light for the interferometer; the other part of the incident light propagates along the PDMS material, and this part of the light serves as the measurement light for the interferometer to sense the refractive index change of the PDMS material.

6. The MXene Ti3C2T based invention as described in claim 1 x The all-optical phase modulation device for PDMS is characterized by... The interface between the other end of the coreless fiber II and the coreless fiber I is used to recouple the signal light and the measurement light to form interference. After being focused by the coreless fiber I, the modulated light is output from the output single-mode fiber.

7. A method based on MXene Ti3C2T x The modulation method of the all-optical phase modulation device of / PDMS is characterized by, Based on any one of claims 1-6, the MXene Ti3C2T-based... x The all-optical phase modulation device of / PDMS dynamically modulates the phase information of the signal light output interference spectrum. This is based on MXene Ti3C2T. x The modulation method of the all-optical phase modulator / PDMS includes the following steps: coupling the signal light and the excitation light to one end of the all-optical phase modulator via a wavelength division multiplexer, and connecting the output light to a spectrometer; based on MXene Ti3C2T x The high photothermal conversion efficiency of two-dimensional materials and the high thermo-optical coefficient of PDMS material convert the change of excitation light into a change of refractive index of PDMS material; the fiber interferometer senses the change of refractive index of PDMS material and induces wavelength drift and phase change of output interference spectrum; in particular, the phase information of signal light output interference spectrum is dynamically modulated by changing the optical power of input excitation light.

8. The MXene Ti3C2T based invention according to claim 7 x The modulation method of the all-optical phase modulation device of / PDMS is characterized by, The excitation light uses a 980 nm laser source, and the signal light uses a broadband source in the 1250-1650 nm band.

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