A shift controller, a shift control system and an electric vehicle

Abstract

The application provides a gear shift controller, a gear shift control system and an electric vehicle, and relates to the technical field of vehicles. The gear shift controller comprises a first switch unit, a second switch unit, a third switch unit and a processing unit. The first ends of the first switch unit are respectively connected to the second connection terminals of the multi-phase windings in the permanent magnet motor, and the second ends of the first switch unit are respectively connected to the fourth connection terminals of the multi-phase windings. The first ends of the second switch unit are respectively connected to the second connection terminals of the multi-phase windings, and the second ends of the second switch unit are respectively connected to the third connection terminals of the multi-phase windings. The first ends of the third switch unit are respectively connected to the first connection terminals of the multi-phase windings, and the second ends of the third switch unit are respectively connected to the third connection terminals of the multi-phase windings. The gear shift controller can be used for performing gear shift control on the multi-phase windings in the permanent magnet motor, so that the efficiency of the permanent magnet motor is optimal.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a gear shifting controller, a gear shifting control system and an electric vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0002] One common problem of electric vehicles is that low-speed driving requires the motor to provide large torque, and high-speed driving requires the motor to maintain high efficiency. In the design of permanent magnet motors of electric vehicles, this is a contradiction. Since the torque is proportional to the number of turns of the coil, and the induced voltage is inversely proportional to the number of turns of the coil, the more turns of the coil of the permanent magnet motor is needed for low-speed operation, and the fewer turns of the coil of the permanent magnet motor is needed for high-speed operation to improve efficiency.

[0003] However, since electric vehicles do not have a gear box, the permanent magnet motor in the electric vehicle does not have a gear position, so when designing the number of turns of the coil of the permanent magnet motor, only a compromise point can be selected, that is, the performance of the permanent magnet motor is optimal at medium speed. Therefore, the electric vehicle has the problems of insufficient torque at low speed and significantly reduced endurance at high speed. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to solve the problems in the prior art by providing a gear shifting controller, a gear shifting control system and an electric vehicle.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solutions adopted by the embodiments of the present application are as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a gear shifting controller, comprising: a first switching unit, a second switching unit, a third switching unit and a processing unit.

[0007] The first end of the first switching unit is connected to the second terminal of the multi-phase winding in the permanent magnet motor, and the second end of the first switching unit is connected to the fourth terminal of the multi-phase winding. The first end of the second switching unit is connected to the second terminal of the multi-phase winding, and the second end of the second switching unit is connected to the third terminal of the multi-phase winding. The first end of the third switching unit is connected to the first terminal of the multi-phase winding, and the second end of the third switching unit is connected to the third terminal of the multi-phase winding. The first terminal and the second terminal of each phase winding are the two terminals of the first winding of each phase, and the third terminal and the fourth terminal of each phase winding are the two terminals of the second winding of each phase.

[0008] The two gear position output interfaces of the processing unit are connected to the first switching unit, the second switching unit and the third switching unit.

[0009] In an embodiment, the first switch unit comprises a plurality of first silicon controlled switch devices; the second switch unit comprises a plurality of second silicon controlled switch devices; and the third switch unit comprises a plurality of third silicon controlled switch devices.

[0010] The plurality of first ends of the first switch unit are respectively first ends of the plurality of first silicon controlled switch devices, and the plurality of second ends of the first switch unit are respectively second ends of the plurality of first silicon controlled switch devices.

[0011] The plurality of first ends of the second switch unit are respectively first ends of the plurality of second silicon controlled switch devices, and the plurality of second ends of the second switch unit are respectively second ends of the plurality of second silicon controlled switch devices.

[0012] The plurality of first ends of the third switch unit are respectively first ends of the plurality of third silicon controlled switch devices, and the plurality of second ends of the third switch unit are respectively second ends of the plurality of third silicon controlled switch devices.

[0013] In an embodiment, the plurality of first silicon controlled switch devices, the plurality of second silicon controlled switch devices, and the plurality of third silicon controlled switch devices are all non-contact silicon controlled switch devices.

[0014] In an embodiment, the gear shift controller further comprises a plurality of first optoelectronic couplers, a plurality of second optoelectronic couplers, and a plurality of third optoelectronic couplers.

[0015] The first power supply ends of the plurality of first optoelectronic couplers are connected to a preset direct current power supply, the second power supply ends of the plurality of first optoelectronic couplers are connected to two gear output interfaces of the processing unit, and the first signal ends and the second signal ends of the plurality of first optoelectronic couplers are respectively connected to the first ends and the second ends of the plurality of first silicon controlled switch devices.

[0016] The first power supply ends of the plurality of second optoelectronic couplers are connected to the preset direct current power supply, the second power supply ends of the plurality of second optoelectronic couplers are connected to the two gear output interfaces of the processing unit, and the first signal ends and the second signal ends of the plurality of second optoelectronic couplers are respectively connected to the first ends and the second ends of the plurality of second silicon controlled switch devices.

[0017] The first power supply ends of the plurality of third optoelectronic couplers are connected to the preset direct current power supply, the second power supply ends of the plurality of third optoelectronic couplers are connected to the two gear output interfaces of the processing unit, and the first signal ends and the second signal ends of the plurality of third optoelectronic couplers are respectively connected to the first ends and the second ends of the plurality of third silicon controlled switch devices.

[0018] In an embodiment, the shift controller further comprises a plurality of first resistors, a plurality of second resistors, and a plurality of third resistors;

[0019] The first signal terminals of the plurality of first optocouplers are connected to the first terminals of the plurality of first thyristor switching devices through the plurality of first resistors, respectively;

[0020] The first signal terminals of the plurality of second optocouplers are connected to the first terminals of the plurality of second thyristor switching devices through the plurality of second resistors, respectively;

[0021] The first signal terminals of the plurality of third optocouplers are connected to the first terminals of the plurality of third thyristor switching devices through the plurality of third resistors, respectively.

[0022] In an embodiment, the shift controller further comprises a plurality of fourth resistors, a plurality of fifth resistors, and a plurality of sixth resistors;

[0023] The second signal terminals of the plurality of first optocouplers are connected to the second terminals of the plurality of first thyristor switching devices through the plurality of fourth resistors, respectively;

[0024] The second signal terminals of the plurality of second optocouplers are connected to the second terminals of the plurality of second thyristor switching devices through the plurality of fifth resistors, respectively;

[0025] The second signal terminals of the plurality of third optocouplers are connected to the second terminals of the plurality of third thyristor switching devices through the plurality of sixth resistors, respectively.

[0026] In an embodiment, the first switching unit is a first solid state relay, the second switching unit is a second solid state relay, and the third switching unit is a third solid state relay;

[0027] The plurality of first terminals of the first switching unit are the plurality of first terminals of the first solid state relay, and the plurality of second terminals of the first switching unit are the plurality of second terminals of the first solid state relay, respectively;

[0028] The plurality of first terminals of the second switching unit are the plurality of first terminals of the second solid state relay, and the plurality of second terminals of the second switching unit are the plurality of second terminals of the second solid state relay, respectively;

[0029] The plurality of first terminals of the third switching unit are the plurality of first terminals of the third solid state relay, and the plurality of second terminals of the third switching unit are the plurality of second terminals of the third solid state relay, respectively.

[0030] In an embodiment, the first solid state relay, the second solid state relay, and the third solid state relay are all non-contact solid state relays.

[0031] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a gear shifting control system, comprising: a permanent magnet motor and the gear shifting controller described in the above embodiments, wherein the connection terminals of the multi-phase windings in the permanent magnet motor are connected to the connection terminals of the switching units in the gear shifting controller.

[0032] In a third aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide an electric vehicle, comprising at least the gear shifting control system described in the above embodiments.

[0033] The present application has the beneficial effects that: the present application provides a gear shifting controller, a gear shifting control system and an electric vehicle, the gear shifting controller comprising: a first switching unit, a second switching unit, a third switching unit and a processing unit; wherein the multiple first terminals of the first switching unit are respectively connected to the second connection terminals of the multi-phase windings in the permanent magnet motor, and the multiple second terminals of the first switching unit are respectively connected to the fourth connection terminals of the multi-phase windings; the multiple first terminals of the second switching unit are respectively connected to the second connection terminals of the multi-phase windings, and the multiple second terminals of the second switching unit are respectively connected to the third connection terminals of the multi-phase windings; the multiple first terminals of the third switching unit are respectively connected to the first connection terminals of the multi-phase windings, and the multiple second terminals of the third switching unit are respectively connected to the third connection terminals of the multi-phase windings; wherein the first connection terminal and the second connection terminal of each phase winding are the two connection terminals of the first winding of each phase, and the third connection terminal and the fourth connection terminal of each phase winding are the two connection terminals of the second winding of each phase; and the two gear shifting output interfaces of the processing unit are respectively connected to the first switching unit, the second switching unit and the third switching unit.

[0034] By using the gear shifting controller of the present application, the processing unit can control the first switching unit, the second switching unit and the third switching unit through the two gear shifting output interfaces, so as to realize the gear shifting control of the multi-phase windings in the permanent magnet motor in series or in parallel, that is, the adjustment of the coil turns of the permanent magnet motor is realized through the gear shifting control, so that the efficiency of the permanent magnet motor is optimal, and the problems of insufficient torque of the electric vehicle during low-speed driving and significant reduction of the cruising range during high-speed driving in the prior art are avoided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0036] Figure 1 The structural schematic diagram of the gear shifting controller provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 2 A structure diagram of a three-phase winding of a permanent magnet motor is provided for an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 3 A gear shifting principle diagram of the three-phase winding is provided for an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 4 Another structure diagram of the gear shifting controller is provided for an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 5 Still another structure diagram of the gear shifting controller is provided for an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 6 A diagram of an embodiment of the switching unit is provided for an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 7 A structure diagram of the gear shifting control system is provided for an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments of the present application.

[0044] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present application, but only represents selected embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without making creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0045] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of the present application is used, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0046] Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", and the like, in the description and in the claims of the present application are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the present application described herein are, for example, capable of orderly or chronological execution or performance, independent of the terms in which the execution or performance is described. Furthermore, the terms "comprise", "include", "contain" and "have" and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, product or apparatus that comprises, includes or contains one or more elements or steps does not include only those one or more elements or steps but can include other elements or steps not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, system, product or apparatus.

[0047] In the description of the present application, it also needs to be explained that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set", "connected" should be understood broadly, for example, can be fixedly connected, can be detachably connected, or integrally connected, can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intermediate medium, can be internal communication of two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0048] It should be noted that the features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0049] The electric vehicle needs a permanent magnet motor to provide large torque when driving at low speed, and needs the motor to maintain high efficiency when driving at high speed. The torque is proportional to the number of turns of the coil, and the induced voltage is inversely proportional to the number of turns of the coil, that is, the permanent magnet motor needs to adjust the number of turns of the coil according to the driving speed of the electric vehicle. But the existing electric vehicle does not have a gear box, that is, the permanent magnet motor in the electric vehicle has no gear position and cannot adjust the number of turns of the coil, so the number of turns of the coil of the permanent magnet motor can only be selected as a compromise, that is, the performance of the permanent magnet motor is optimal at medium speed in the electric vehicle.

[0050] Therefore, when electric vehicles are traveling at low speeds, the permanent magnet motor's coil turns are insufficient to provide high torque. When electric vehicles are traveling at high speeds, the permanent magnet motor's coil turns are also insufficient. To avoid the coils cutting magnetic lines of force and generating a high induced voltage, which would prevent current from flowing into the motor coils and thus prevent the motor speed from increasing, the motor controller uses a "field weakening control" algorithm. This algorithm generates a magnetic field in the stator coils that is opposite to the magnetic field of the rotor coils. In this way, the total magnetic field strength in the air gap of the permanent magnet motor is weakened, the induced voltage is reduced, and the speed can be increased. However, this also produces a side effect: part of the motor's current is used for field weakening. The field weakening current does no work and generates energy consumption. This is equivalent to the motor having high reactive power, low power factor, and reduced overall efficiency. A large amount of electrical energy is converted into heat energy, which is the key factor that significantly shortens the driving range at high speeds.

[0051] Therefore, this application provides a shift controller that can adjust the number of turns of the permanent magnet motor coil of an electric vehicle in response to changes in the vehicle's speed.

[0052] The following examples, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, provide specific illustrations of the shift controller provided in this application.

[0053] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a shift controller provided in one embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the shift controller includes: a first switching unit, a second switching unit, a third switching unit, and a processing unit.

[0054] First, let's illustrate the application scenario of this embodiment: Typically, the permanent magnet motor of an electric vehicle contains multi-phase windings. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-phase winding of a permanent magnet motor provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 Taking the three-phase winding shown as an example, the permanent magnet motor of an electric vehicle includes a multi-phase winding, that is, the permanent magnet motor is provided with three sets of windings U, V, and W symmetrically arranged in the stator slots, with each phase spatially spaced 120° apart. Figure 2 In the three-phase winding (UVW phases are spatially spaced 120° apart), the principle of the multiphase winding is similar to that of the three-phase winding, except that the number of windings and the spacing angle between each winding are different. Therefore, the multiphase winding will not be described in detail here. It is understood that this embodiment provides a shift controller that can perform shift control on each phase winding of the permanent magnet motor, either in series or in parallel, thereby adjusting the number of turns in the permanent magnet motor coil.

[0055] Specifically, the shift controller includes a first switching unit, a second switching unit, and a third switching unit, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the multiple first terminals of the first switching unit are respectively connected to the second terminals of the multiphase winding in the permanent magnet motor. Figure 1This is just an example; if we use... Figure 2 Taking a three-phase winding as a specific example, the second terminals of the three-phase winding are U2, V2, and W2. The multiple second terminals of the first switching unit are respectively connected to the fourth terminals of the multi-phase winding (using...). Figure 2 For example, the fourth terminal of the three-phase winding is U4, V4, W4; the multiple first terminals of the second switching unit are respectively connected to the second terminals of the multi-phase winding, and the multiple second terminals of the second switching unit are respectively connected to the third terminals of the multi-phase winding (taking...). Figure 2 For example, the third terminals of the three-phase winding are U3, V3, and W3; the multiple first terminals of the third switching unit are respectively connected to the first terminals of the multi-phase winding (taking...). Figure 2 For example, the first terminals of the three-phase winding are U1, V1, and W1, and the multiple second terminals of the third switching unit are respectively connected to the third terminals of the multi-phase winding; wherein, each phase winding has a first winding and a second winding, the first and second terminals of each phase winding are the two terminals of the first winding of each phase, and the third and fourth terminals of each phase winding are the two terminals of the second winding of each phase (taking...). Figure 2 For example, the first and second terminals of phase U are the U1 and U2 terminals of the coil on phase U, and the third and fourth terminals of phase U are the U3 and U4 terminals of the coil on phase U. The windings containing terminals U1 and U2 and terminals U3 and U4 are the first and second windings on phase U, respectively.

[0056] Both the first winding and the second winding can contain multiple coils, and there is no limit to the number of coils contained in the first winding and the second winding.

[0057] The shift controller provided in this embodiment also includes a processing unit, which can be a processor for the shift controller. The processing unit includes two gear position output interfaces, which are respectively connected to a first switching unit, a second switching unit, and a third switching unit. The processing unit can control the on / off state of the first, second, and third switching units through the two gear position output interfaces, thereby realizing series or parallel control of the windings connected to each switching unit. Specific details are as follows... Figure 3 The provided diagram is for illustrative purposes only.

[0058] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the shifting principle of a three-phase winding provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the first gear output interface of the two gear output interfaces ( Figure 1 KL in the middle) and the second switching unit ( Figure 3 The switches T2, T5, and T8 are connected to control the on / off state of the second switching unit. The second output port (of the two output ports) is... Figure 1 KH in the middle) and the first switching unit (Figure 3 Switches T1, T4, and T7) and the third switch unit ( Figure 3 The switches T3, T6, and T9 are connected to control the on / off state of the first and third switching units. When the second switching unit is on and the first and third switching units are off, the second and third terminals of the multiphase winding are connected (i.e., T2, T5, and T8 are closed, and the remaining switches are off), meaning the first and second windings of each phase winding are connected in series, resulting in a large number of coil turns, suitable for low-speed operation of electric vehicles. When the second switching unit is off and the first and third switching units are on (i.e., T1, T4, T7, T3, T6, and T9 are closed, and the remaining switches are off), the first and second windings of each phase winding are connected in parallel, resulting in a smaller number of coil turns, suitable for high-speed operation of electric vehicles.

[0059] It should be noted that all the accompanying drawings in this embodiment are based on a three-phase winding only, but this does not mean that the shift controller provided in this embodiment can only be used in a three-phase winding. It should be understood that the shift controller provided in this embodiment can be used in a multi-phase winding, and the number of multi-phase windings is not limited.

[0060] In summary, by using the shift controller provided in this embodiment, the processing unit can control the first switching unit, the second switching unit, and the third switching unit respectively through two gear output interfaces. This enables the series or parallel shift control of the multi-phase windings in the permanent magnet motor, thereby adjusting the number of turns of the permanent magnet motor coil through shift control. This optimizes the efficiency of the permanent magnet motor and avoids the problems of insufficient torque at low speeds and significantly reduced range at high speeds in existing electric vehicles.

[0061] Based on the shift controller provided in the above embodiments Figure 4 This is another schematic diagram of the shift controller provided in one embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, the first switching unit includes multiple first thyristor switching devices (i.e., Figure 3 or Figure 4 The second switching unit includes multiple second thyristor switching devices (i.e., switches T1, T4, and T7); Figure 3 or Figure 4 The third switching unit includes multiple third thyristor switching devices (i.e., switches T2, T5, and T8). Figure 3 or Figure 4 (Switches T3, T6, and T9 in the diagram).

[0062] In this unit, the multiple first terminals of the first switching unit are the first terminals of multiple first thyristor switching devices (i.e., the terminals where switches T1, T4, and T7 are connected to U2, V2, and W2, respectively), and the multiple second terminals of the first switching unit are the second terminals of multiple first thyristor switching devices (i.e., the terminals where switches T1, T4, and T7 are connected to U4, V4, and W4, respectively); the multiple first terminals of the second switching unit are the first terminals of multiple second thyristor switching devices (i.e., the terminals where switches T2, T5, and T8 are connected to U2, V2, and W2, respectively). The second terminal of the second switching unit is the second terminal of a plurality of second thyristor switching devices (i.e., the terminal of switches T2, T5, and T8 connected to U3, V3, and W3 respectively); the first terminal of the third switching unit is the first terminal of a plurality of third thyristor switching devices (i.e., the terminal of switches T3, T6, and T9 connected to U1, V1, and W1 respectively); and the second terminal of the third switching unit is the second terminal of a plurality of third thyristor switching devices (i.e., the terminal of switches T3, T6, and T9 connected to U3, V3, and W3 respectively).

[0063] In one embodiment, the plurality of first thyristor switching devices, the plurality of second thyristor switching devices, and the plurality of third thyristor switching devices in the above embodiments are all contactless thyristor switching devices. Compared with contact thyristor switching devices, contactless thyristor switching devices have higher vibration resistance and reliability. Moreover, contactless thyristor switching devices do not generate sparks when they are turned on or off, making them safer and suitable for use in flammable gas environments (such as hydrogen fuel cells).

[0064] One embodiment of this application also provides a possible implementation of the switching unit, which will continue to be discussed below. Figure 4 The shift controller may also include: multiple first optocouplers ( Figure 4 (O1, O4, O7), and multiple second optocouplers ( Figure 4 (O2, O5, O8) and multiple third optocouplers ( Figure 4 (O3, O6, O9 in the text).

[0065] The first power supply terminal of the multiple first optocouplers (the end of the multiple first optocouplers that is connected to VCC is the first power supply terminal) is connected to a preset DC power supply, and the second power supply terminal of the multiple first optocouplers is connected to the two gear output interfaces of the processing unit (the second power supply terminal of the first optocoupler is connected to the KH gear output interface); the first signal terminal and the second signal terminal of the multiple first optocouplers are respectively connected to the first terminal and the second terminal of the multiple first thyristor switching devices.

[0066] Similarly, the first power supply terminals of multiple second optocouplers are connected to a preset DC power supply, and the second power supply terminals of multiple second optocouplers are connected to the two position output interfaces of the processing unit; the first signal terminals and second signal terminals of multiple second optocouplers are respectively connected to the first and second terminals of multiple second thyristor switching devices; the first power supply terminals of multiple third optocouplers are connected to a preset DC power supply, and the second power supply terminals of multiple third optocouplers are connected to the two position output interfaces of the processing unit; the first signal terminals and second signal terminals of multiple third optocouplers are respectively connected to the first and second terminals of multiple third thyristor switching devices.

[0067] In this embodiment, an optocoupler is added to the shift controller, which is based on a thyristor switch. The optocoupler controls the switching of the thyristor switch. Since the optocoupler is an insulator, it can make the shift controller safer to use.

[0068] One embodiment of this application also provides a possible implementation of the switching unit. Figure 5 This is another structural schematic diagram of a shift controller provided in an embodiment of this application, referring to... Figure 5 The shift controller also includes multiple first resistors ( Figure 5 The resistors R1, R4, and R7 in the middle), and multiple second resistors ( Figure 5 The resistors R2, R5, and R8 in the middle and multiple third resistors ( Figure 5 (Resistors R3, R6, and R9 in the diagram).

[0069] The first signal terminals of multiple first optocouplers are respectively connected to the first terminals of multiple first thyristor switching devices through multiple first resistors; the first signal terminals of multiple second optocouplers are respectively connected to the first terminals of multiple second thyristor switching devices through multiple second resistors; and the first signal terminals of multiple third optocouplers are respectively connected to the first terminals of multiple third thyristor switching devices through multiple third resistors.

[0070] Continue to refer to Figure 5 The shift controller also includes multiple fourth resistors ( Figure 5 (R10, R11, R12) and multiple fifth resistors ( Figure 5 Resistors R13, R14, R15 and multiple sixth resistors ( Figure 5 (Resistors R16, R17, and R18 in the circuit).

[0071] The second signal terminals of multiple first optocouplers are respectively connected to the second terminals of multiple first thyristor switching devices through multiple fourth resistors; the second signal terminals of multiple second optocouplers are respectively connected to the second terminals of multiple second thyristor switching devices through multiple fifth resistors; and the second signal terminals of multiple third optocouplers are respectively connected to the second terminals of multiple third thyristor switching devices through multiple sixth resistors.

[0072] In the above embodiments, the shift controller is provided with multiple first resistors, multiple second resistors, multiple third resistors, multiple fourth resistors, multiple fifth resistors, and multiple sixth resistors. When the current in the circuit changes instantaneously, the above-mentioned multiple resistors can play a current-limiting role and protect the various components connected to them in the circuit.

[0073] One embodiment of this application also provides another possible implementation of each switching unit. Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of the switching unit provided in this application is shown below. Figure 6 As shown, the first switching unit can be a first solid-state relay ( Figure 6 J1 in the middle), the second switching unit is the second solid-state relay ( Figure 6 J2 in the middle), the third switching unit is the third solid-state relay (J2 in the middle), Figure 6 J3 in the middle).

[0074] Among them, the multiple first terminals of the first switching unit are respectively the multiple first terminals of the first solid-state relay ( Figure 6 The first switch unit has multiple second terminals that are respectively connected to U2, V2, and W2 in J1; the second switch unit has multiple first terminals that are respectively connected to U4, V4, and W4 in J1; the third switch unit has multiple first terminals that are respectively connected to U1, V1, and W2 in J2; the third switch unit has multiple second terminals that are respectively connected to U3, V3, and W3 in J2; the third switch unit has multiple first terminals that are respectively connected to U1, V1, and W1 in J3; and the third switch unit has multiple second terminals that are respectively connected to U3, V3, and W3 in J3.

[0075] This embodiment provides an implementation of a switching unit that differs from a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) switch. In actual operation, either a SCR switch or a solid-state relay can be selected as the switching unit of the shift controller, depending on the actual requirements.

[0076] In one embodiment, the first solid-state relay, the second solid-state relay, and the third solid-state relay in the above embodiments are all contactless solid-state relays. Compared with contact solid-state relays, contactless solid-state relays have higher vibration resistance and reliability. Moreover, contactless solid-state relays do not generate sparks when they are turned on or off, making them safer and suitable for use in combustible gas environments (such as hydrogen fuel cells).

[0077] Based on the shift controller provided in the above embodiments, an embodiment of this application also provides a shift control system. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a shift control system provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown, the shift control system includes a permanent magnet motor and a shift controller provided in the above embodiment. The permanent magnet motor includes a multi-phase winding. The terminals of the multi-phase winding of the permanent magnet motor are connected to the terminals of each switching unit in the shift controller. Based on this connection, the shift controller can control the first winding and the second winding on the multi-phase winding connected to it to be connected in series or in parallel by controlling the conduction or disconnection of each switching unit, thereby realizing the shift control of the multi-phase winding.

[0078] Based on the shift controller and shift control system provided in the above embodiments, one embodiment of this application also provides an electric vehicle, which includes at least the shift control system provided in the above embodiments. The electric vehicle may be, for example, an electric car, an electric bicycle, etc., and no specific type of electric vehicle is limited herein.

[0079] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A shift controller characterized by, The application relates to a shift controller for a permanent magnet motor. The shift controller comprises a first switch unit, a second switch unit, a third switch unit and a processing unit. The first ends of the first switch unit are connected to the second connection terminals of the multi-phase windings in the permanent magnet motor, and the second ends of the first switch unit are connected to the fourth connection terminals of the multi-phase windings. The first ends of the second switch unit are connected to the second connection terminals of the multi-phase windings, and the second ends of the second switch unit are connected to the third connection terminals of the multi-phase windings. The first ends of the third switch unit are connected to the first connection terminals of the multi-phase windings, and the second ends of the third switch unit are connected to the third connection terminals of the multi-phase windings. The first ends of each phase winding are the two connection terminals of the first winding of each phase, and the third and fourth connection terminals of each phase winding are the two connection terminals of the second winding of each phase. The two gear output interfaces of the processing unit are connected to the first switch unit, the second switch unit and the third switch unit. The first switch unit comprises a plurality of first thyristor switch devices. The first ends of the first switch unit are the first ends of the plurality of first thyristor switch devices, and the second ends of the first switch unit are the second ends of the plurality of first thyristor switch devices. The first ends of the second switch unit are the first ends of the plurality of second thyristor switch devices, and the second ends of the second switch unit are the second ends of the plurality of second thyristor switch devices. The first ends of the third switch unit are the first ends of the plurality of third thyristor switch devices, and the second ends of the third switch unit are the second ends of the plurality of third thyristor switch devices. The shift controller further comprises a plurality of first photoelectric couplers, a plurality of second photoelectric couplers and a plurality of third photoelectric couplers. The first power supply ends of the plurality of first photoelectric couplers are connected to a preset direct current power supply, the second power supply ends of the plurality of first photoelectric couplers are connected to the two gear output interfaces of the processing unit, the first signal ends and the second signal ends of the plurality of first photoelectric couplers are connected to the first ends and the second ends of the plurality of first thyristor switch devices respectively. The first power supply ends of the plurality of second photoelectric couplers are connected to the preset direct current power supply, the second power supply ends of the plurality of second photoelectric couplers are connected to the two gear output interfaces of the processing unit, the first signal ends and the second signal ends of the plurality of second photoelectric couplers are connected to the first ends and the second ends of the plurality of second thyristor switch devices respectively. The first power supply ends of the plurality of third photoelectric couplers are connected to the preset direct current power supply, the second power supply ends of the plurality of third photoelectric couplers are connected to the two gear output interfaces of the processing unit, the first signal ends and the second signal ends of the plurality of third photoelectric couplers are connected to the first ends and the second ends of the plurality of third thyristor switch devices respectively. The plurality of first thyristor switching devices, the plurality of second thyristor switching devices, and the plurality of third thyristor switching devices are all non-contact thyristor switching devices.

2. The shift controller of claim 1, wherein, The gear shift controller further comprises a plurality of first resistors, a plurality of second resistors, and a plurality of third resistors. First signal terminals of the plurality of first optocouplers are connected to first terminals of the plurality of first thyristor switching devices through the plurality of first resistors respectively. First signal terminals of the plurality of second optocouplers are connected to first terminals of the plurality of second thyristor switching devices through the plurality of second resistors respectively. First signal terminals of the plurality of third optocouplers are connected to first terminals of the plurality of third thyristor switching devices through the plurality of third resistors respectively.

3. The shift controller of claim 1, wherein, The gear shift controller further comprises a plurality of fourth resistors, a plurality of fifth resistors, and a plurality of sixth resistors. Second signal terminals of the plurality of first optocouplers are connected to second terminals of the plurality of first thyristor switching devices through the plurality of fourth resistors respectively. Second signal terminals of the plurality of second optocouplers are connected to second terminals of the plurality of second thyristor switching devices through the plurality of fifth resistors respectively. Second signal terminals of the plurality of third optocouplers are connected to second terminals of the plurality of third thyristor switching devices through the plurality of sixth resistors respectively.

4. A shift control system characterized by comprising: Comprising: A permanent magnet motor and the gear shift controller according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the connection terminals of the multiphase windings in the permanent magnet motor are connected to the connection terminals of the switching units in the gear shift controller.

5. An electric vehicle, characterized by At least comprising: The gear shift system according to claim 4.

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