Electrode material and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses an electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the electrode material comprises the following steps: (1) smelting a metal raw material to obtain a smelting liquid; wherein the metal raw material comprises zinc and / or aluminum; (2) immersing a metal substrate in the smelting liquid, then taking it out and cooling it to obtain a metal substrate loaded with a metal layer; (3) immersing the metal substrate loaded with the metal layer in an alkaline solution for etching to obtain an electrode material. The method of the present invention utilizes a liquid alloy containing zinc / aluminum to infiltrate a metal substrate, so that the metal substrate is firmly loaded with an alloy layer containing zinc / aluminum, and an electrode material of a metal substrate loaded with a porous metal layer is obtained by alkaline etching. The loaded porous metal layer is firmly combined with the metal substrate, which effectively improves the activity and stability of the electrode material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electrodes, and in particular to an electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Most of the electrode materials for alkaline water electrolysis are nickel mesh. Although nickel mesh has excellent stability, due to its small specific surface area, it has few catalytic active sites and poor catalytic activity. In the traditional chemical industry, due to its rich porous morphology, Raney nickel is often used as a highly active catalyst for hydrogenation catalysis and other reactions. In recent years, some researchers have made nickel aluminum or nickel zinc into metal powders, loaded them onto nickel mesh using plasma thermal spraying, and obtained porous Raney nickel after alkali etching, which effectively increased the electrochemical specific surface area of ​​the electrode material, thereby increasing the catalytic activity of water electrolysis. However, the Raney nickel loaded on the nickel mesh is easy to fall off, resulting in insufficient catalytic stability. Even if the surface of the nickel mesh is modified, such as pickling, sandblasting, etc., it can effectively improve the bonding strength between the sprayed metal powder and the substrate, but it is still easy to fall off under the conditions of high current density, high temperature and high pressure, and long working time in alkaline water electrolysis.

[0003] The study found that the metal powder is in a semi-molten state before plasma spraying, and the temperature of the metal powder drops rapidly after leaving the nozzle, weakening the ability to form a metal bond with the substrate; the metal powder has a very large momentum when sprayed, and it is not easy to adhere to the nickel wire when it deviates from the front position, resulting in a low metal powder adhesion rate on the nickel mesh; and the nickel mesh has many gaps, causing most of the powder to be sprayed empty and wasted; the morphology and fluidity of the sprayed metal powder change, and it cannot be reused, and the utilization rate is low; the plasma spraying process has high requirements for process parameter control and strict requirements for spraying conditions. The raw materials must first be prepared into qualified metal powder, and there are strict requirements on sphericity and particle size, which greatly increases the preparation cost.

[0004] To improve the activity of alkaline water electrolysis electrode materials and maintain the stability of electrode materials, it is necessary to improve the plasma spraying process or adopt new processes to enhance the bonding strength between metal catalysts and nickel mesh substrates. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the utilization rate of raw materials to ensure that electrode materials are cost-effective in large-scale production. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention is based on the inventor's discovery and understanding of the following facts and problems: the catalytic activity of nickel mesh, an electrode material for alkaline water electrolysis, is poor. When metal powder is loaded onto the nickel mesh by plasma thermal spraying, it is easy to fall off, resulting in insufficient catalytic stability.

[0006] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent. To this end, the embodiments of the present invention provide an electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof, using a liquid alloy containing zinc / aluminum to infiltrate a metal substrate, so that the metal substrate is firmly loaded with an alloy layer containing zinc / aluminum, and a metal substrate loaded porous metal layer electrode material is obtained by alkali etching. The loaded porous metal layer is firmly combined with the substrate, which effectively improves the activity and stability of the electrode material.

[0007] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing an electrode material, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) smelting a metal raw material to obtain a smelting liquid; wherein the metal raw material includes zinc and / or aluminum;

[0009] (2) immersing the metal substrate in a molten liquid, then taking it out and cooling it to obtain a metal substrate carrying a metal layer;

[0010] (3) Immersing the metal substrate carrying the metal layer in an alkaline solution for etching to obtain an electrode material.

[0011] The advantages and technical effects brought by the preparation method of the electrode material of the embodiment of the present invention are that the metal substrate is infiltrated with a liquid alloy containing zinc / aluminum to achieve a metal substrate firmly loaded with an alloy layer containing zinc / aluminum, and a metal substrate loaded porous metal layer electrode material is obtained by alkali etching. The loaded porous metal layer catalyst is firmly combined with the substrate, has strong adhesion, and achieves coverage of the metal substrate without dead angles. The preparation method is simple, the preparation time is short, and continuous batch preparation can be carried out. The material can be reused, and the utilization rate reaches 100%. No metal powder is required, which effectively improves the activity, stability and economic efficiency of the electrode material.

[0012] In some embodiments, in step (1), the atomic percentage of zinc and / or aluminum in the metal raw material is 5%-90%;

[0013] And / or, the metal raw material further includes metals other than zinc and aluminum.

[0014] In some embodiments, in step (1), the metal raw material includes nickel;

[0015] And / or, the metal raw material further includes iron and / or molybdenum;

[0016] And / or, the metal raw material comprises nickel, iron and aluminum, and the atomic ratio of nickel, iron and aluminum is 20-90:5-80:5-90;

[0017] And / or, the metal raw material includes nickel, molybdenum and zinc, and the atomic ratio of nickel, molybdenum and zinc is 20-90:5-80:5-90.

[0018] In some embodiments, in step (2), the shape of the metal substrate includes at least one of foil, mesh, and foam;

[0019] And / or, the metal substrate comprises at least one of pure metal and alloy;

[0020] And / or, the metal layer is an alloy layer;

[0021] and / or, immersing the metal substrate in the molten liquid for a period of 5 seconds to 1 minute;

[0022] And / or, the process of immersing the metal substrate in the molten liquid and then taking it out and cooling it is repeated to obtain a metal substrate carrying a metal layer.

[0023] In some embodiments, in step (2), the metal substrate is loaded into an automatic winder, the metal substrate is pressed down to the surface of the molten liquid with an inorganic roller, and the automatic winder is started to immerse the metal substrate in the molten liquid and then take it out; the rotation speed of the automatic winder is controlled to 5-20 rpm.

[0024] In some embodiments, in step (3), the mass percentage concentration of the alkali solution is 20-40wt%;

[0025] And / or, the immersion time in the alkali solution is 5 minutes to 12 hours.

[0026] An embodiment of the present invention provides an electrode material, which is prepared by the preparation method of the embodiment of the present invention. The electrode material includes a metal substrate and a porous metal layer supported on the metal substrate.

[0027] The electrode material of the embodiment of the present invention brings advantages and technical effects. The electrode material includes a metal substrate and a porous metal layer supported on the metal substrate. The supported porous metal layer catalyst is firmly combined with the substrate, which effectively improves the activity and stability of the electrode material.

[0028] In some embodiments, the porous metal layer is a porous alloy layer;

[0029] And / or, the porous metal layer includes at least one of nickel and nickel alloy; the nickel alloy is a nickel-iron alloy, and the atomic ratio of nickel to iron is 20-80:20-80; the nickel alloy is a nickel-molybdenum alloy, and the atomic ratio of nickel to molybdenum is 20-80:20-80.

[0030] The embodiment of the present invention provides an application of an electrode material, wherein the electrode material is used for alkaline water electrolysis. In the embodiment of the present invention, the electrode material is used for an anode material of alkaline water electrolysis, and has excellent oxygen evolution catalytic activity and stability; the electrode material is used for a cathode material of alkaline water electrolysis, and has excellent hydrogen evolution catalytic activity and stability.

[0031] In some embodiments, the electrode material is used as an anode material and / or a cathode material for alkaline water electrolysis. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of an automatic winding machine continuously preparing a metal mesh loaded with zinc / aluminum alloy.

[0033] Figure 2 These are the SEM and EDS images of the nickel mesh loaded porous nickel-iron alloy material in Example 1.

[0034] Figure 3 This is the oxygen evolution polarization curve of the nickel mesh-loaded porous nickel-iron alloy material in Example 1 in a 30 wt % KOH solution at room temperature.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a constant current test curve of oxygen evolution of the nickel mesh-loaded porous nickel-iron alloy material in Example 1 in a 30 wt % KOH solution at room temperature.

[0036] Figure 5 These are the SEM and EDS images of the nickel mesh loaded porous nickel-molybdenum alloy material in Example 2.

[0037] Figure 6 This is the hydrogen evolution polarization curve of the nickel mesh-loaded porous nickel-molybdenum alloy material in Example 2 in a 30 wt % KOH solution at room temperature.

[0038] Figure 7 This is a constant current test curve of hydrogen evolution of the nickel mesh-loaded porous nickel-molybdenum alloy material in Example 2 in a 30 wt % KOH solution at room temperature. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0040] The method for preparing the electrode material according to the embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0041] (1) smelting a metal raw material to obtain a smelting liquid; wherein the metal raw material includes zinc and / or aluminum;

[0042] (2) immersing the metal substrate in a molten liquid, then taking it out and cooling it to obtain a metal substrate carrying a metal layer;

[0043] (3) Immersing the metal substrate carrying the metal layer in an alkaline solution for etching to obtain an electrode material.

[0044] The preparation method of the electrode material of the embodiment of the present invention utilizes a liquid alloy containing zinc / aluminum to infiltrate a metal substrate, so as to achieve a metal substrate firmly loaded with a zinc / aluminum alloy layer, and obtain a metal substrate loaded porous metal layer electrode material by alkali etching. The loaded porous metal layer catalyst is firmly bonded to the substrate, has strong adhesion, and achieves coverage of the metal substrate without dead angles. The preparation method is simple, the preparation time is short, and continuous batch preparation is possible. The material can be reused, and the utilization rate reaches 100%. No metal powder is required, which effectively improves the activity, stability and economic efficiency of the electrode material.

[0045] In some embodiments, in step (1), the atomic percentage of zinc and / or aluminum in the metal raw material is 5%-90%, specifically, for example, 5%, 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 80%, 90%. In the embodiments of the present invention, by optimizing the content of zinc and / or aluminum in the metal raw material, it is beneficial to control the porosity of the loaded porous metal layer, and further improve the activity and stability of the electrode material. If the content of zinc and / or aluminum is too high, the porosity of the porous metal layer is too high, and the mechanical properties are poor. On the contrary, when the porosity is too low, the activity of the electrode material is poor.

[0046] In some embodiments, in step (1), the metal raw material further comprises a metal other than zinc and aluminum; and the metal is not etched by alkaline solution.

[0047] In some embodiments, in step (1), the metal raw material includes nickel; the metal raw material also includes iron and / or molybdenum.

[0048] In some embodiments, in step (1), the metal raw material includes nickel, iron and aluminum, and the atomic ratio of nickel, iron and aluminum is 20-90:5-80:5-90, specifically, for example, 40:20:40, 50:20:30, 50:30:20, 60:10:30, 60:20:20; and / or, the metal raw material includes nickel, molybdenum and zinc, and the atomic ratio of nickel, molybdenum and zinc is 20-90:5-80:5-90, specifically, for example, 40:20:40, 50:20:30, 50:30:20, 60:10:30, 60:20:20.

[0049] In some embodiments, in step (1), the smelting is performed in a low oxygen environment; the smelting is performed in a vacuum electromagnetic induction melting furnace and / or an electric arc furnace.

[0050] In some embodiments, in step (1), when the metal raw materials include nickel, iron and aluminum, the smelting temperature is 1400-1600°C, preferably 1500°C; when the metal raw materials include nickel, molybdenum and zinc, the smelting temperature is 2500-2700°C, preferably 2620°C.

[0051] In some embodiments, in step (2), the metal substrate is subjected to an oxidation layer removal treatment before being immersed in the smelting liquid; the oxidation layer removal treatment includes soaking the metal substrate in acid and / or ethanol, ultrasonic cleaning, and drying. In the embodiment of the present invention, the oxidation layer removal treatment can remove the oxidation layer and oil stains, which is conducive to the molten metal / alloy infiltration of the substrate and improving the bonding strength between the two.

[0052] In some embodiments, the metal substrate is subjected to a preheating treatment after being subjected to an oxidation layer removal treatment, and then immersed in a smelting liquid.

[0053] In some embodiments, in step (2), the shape of the metal substrate includes at least one of foil, mesh, and foam, and optionally, the metal substrate is a nickel mesh; and / or, the metal substrate includes at least one of pure metal and alloy, and optionally, the metal substrate includes nickel.

[0054] In some embodiments, in step (2), the metal layer is an alloy layer.

[0055] In some embodiments, in step (2), the time for immersing the metal substrate in the molten liquid is 5s-1min, specifically, for example, 5s, 10s, 15s, 20s, 30s, 1min. In the embodiments of the present invention, by optimizing the time for immersing the metal substrate in the molten liquid, it is beneficial to improve production efficiency while ensuring that the appropriate infiltration weight is achieved and the infiltration is sufficient. When the immersion time is too short, the infiltration is insufficient and the load is too low; when the immersion time is too long, the substrate is easily deformed or even melted.

[0056] In some embodiments, in step (2), the cooling is slow cooling or rapid cooling; the cooling includes cooling with cooling water or cooling with fire in a pool of water.

[0057] In some embodiments, in step (2), the metal substrate is repeatedly immersed in the smelting liquid, then taken out and cooled to obtain a metal substrate loaded with a metal layer. In the embodiment of the present invention, the immersion and cooling processes are repeated to obtain alloy layers with different loading amounts, further improving the activity and stability of the electrode material.

[0058] In some embodiments, in step (2), Figure 1As shown, by loading the metal substrate into the automatic winder, pressing the metal substrate down to the surface of the molten liquid with an inorganic roller, starting the automatic winder, immersing the metal substrate in the molten liquid, and then taking it out; controlling the speed of the automatic winder to 5-20 rpm, specifically, for example, 5, 10, 15, 20; setting a cooling water nozzle; starting the cooling water for cooling treatment. In the embodiment of the present invention, the device design can realize the roll-to-roll automated production of electrode materials, which has industrial application prospects.

[0059] In some embodiments, in step (3), the alkali solution includes at least one of KOH solution and NaOH solution; the mass percentage concentration of the alkali solution is 20-40wt%, specifically, for example, 20wt%, 30wt%, 40wt%; the temperature of the alkali solution is 20-80°C, preferably, 20°C, 25°C, 80°C; the time of immersion in the alkali solution is 5min-12h, specifically, for example, 5min, 10min, 1h, 5h, 10h, 12h;. In the embodiment of the present invention, the metal substrate carrying the alloy layer is immersed in the alkali solution to etch zinc and / or aluminum until no bubbles emerge.

[0060] An embodiment of the present invention provides an electrode material, which is prepared by the preparation method of the embodiment of the present invention. The electrode material includes a metal substrate and a porous metal layer supported on the metal substrate.

[0061] The electrode material of the embodiment of the present invention includes a metal substrate and a porous metal layer supported on the metal substrate. The supported porous metal layer catalyst is firmly combined with the substrate, which effectively improves the activity and stability of the electrode material.

[0062] In some embodiments, the porous metal layer is a porous alloy layer.

[0063] In some embodiments, the loading amount of the porous metal layer is 100-400 g / m 2 .

[0064] In some embodiments, the porous metal layer includes at least one of nickel and nickel alloy; preferably, the nickel alloy is a nickel-iron alloy, and the atomic ratio of nickel to iron is 20-80:20-80, specifically, for example, 20:80, 40:20, 50:20, 50:30, 60:20, 80:20; preferably, the nickel alloy is a nickel-molybdenum alloy, and the atomic ratio of nickel to molybdenum is 20-80:20-80, specifically, for example, 20:80, 40:20, 50:20, 50:30, 60:20, 80:20. In an embodiment of the present invention, the electrode hydrogen evolution / oxygen evolution catalytic activity and stability of the nickel-iron alloy or nickel-molybdenum alloy porous metal layer are better than those of the pure nickel porous metal layer. By optimizing the atomic ratio in the nickel alloy, it is beneficial to further improve the activity and stability of the electrode material.

[0065] Application of the electrode material of the embodiment of the present invention or the electrode material prepared by the preparation method of the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the electrode material is used for alkaline water electrolysis. In the embodiment of the present invention, the electrode material is used for the anode material of alkaline water electrolysis, and has excellent oxygen evolution catalytic activity and stability; the electrode material is used for the cathode material of alkaline water electrolysis, and has excellent hydrogen evolution catalytic activity and stability.

[0066] In some embodiments, the electrode material is used as an anode material and / or a cathode material for alkaline water electrolysis.

[0067] The present invention is described below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that these embodiments are merely illustrative and do not limit the present invention in any way.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] The preparation method of nickel mesh loaded porous nickel-iron alloy electrode material (NiFe melted) comprises the following steps:

[0070] (1) Prepare metal raw materials in a ratio of nickel: iron: aluminum = 50:20:30 (atomic ratio) with a purity of more than 99.5wt%, and melt them into a molten state in a vacuum electromagnetic induction melting furnace. In advance, the nickel mesh is ultrasonically cleaned and dried by acid / ethanol immersion to remove the oxide layer and oil stains. The cleaned nickel mesh is loaded into an automatic winder, and the molten alloy is placed in a special heating device for heat preservation. The nickel mesh is pressed down to the liquid level of the molten alloy with an inorganic roller, and the automatic winder is started, the speed is controlled to 10 rpm, and the cooling water is started for cooling treatment to obtain a nickel mesh loaded with a nickel-iron-aluminum alloy layer. The process is shown in FIG. Figure 1 .

[0071] (2) The nickel mesh loaded with the nickel-iron-aluminum alloy layer is immersed in a 30 wt % KOH solution at 80° C. for about 10 minutes to obtain a nickel mesh loaded with a porous nickel-iron alloy (NiFe melted), i.e., an electrode material, see Figure 2.

[0072] The electrode material (NiFe melted) was used as the anode material for alkaline water electrolysis and tested for oxygen evolution reaction. It was found that it has excellent oxygen evolution catalytic activity and stability. -2 The overpotential under current density is 300mV, and the performance is better than the plasma sprayed NiFe electrode material (NiFe plasma) and the nickel mesh substrate electrode material (Ni mesh) in Comparative Example 1. Figure 3 . This is because the metal powder in Comparative Example 1 is in a semi-molten state before plasma spraying, and the temperature of the metal powder drops rapidly after it leaves the nozzle, weakening its ability to form a metal bond with the substrate; the metal powder has a very large momentum when it is sprayed out, and it is not easy to adhere to the nickel wire when it deviates from the front position, resulting in a low metal powder adhesion rate on the nickel mesh. In the present invention, liquid alloy infiltration is used to achieve a metal substrate that is firmly loaded with an aluminum-containing alloy layer, and a nickel mesh loaded with a porous nickel-iron alloy is obtained by alkali etching. The loaded porous nickel-iron alloy is firmly combined with the substrate, has strong adhesion, and achieves coverage of the metal substrate without dead angles, effectively improving the activity and stability of the electrode material.

[0073] The electrode material (NiFe melted) also has good catalytic stability, with a 30 wt% KOH solution at room temperature at 500 mA cm -2 The potential remained basically unchanged during the 170-hour test at the current density. Figure 4 .

[0074] Comparative Example 1

[0075] The preparation method of plasma sprayed NiFe electrode material (NiFe plasma) comprises: obtaining Ni / Fe / Al three-metal mixed powder with nickel: iron: aluminum = 50:20:30 (atomic ratio) by a physical method, plasma spraying it on a nickel mesh substrate, and then using KOH to soak and dissolve Al to obtain the plasma sprayed NiFe electrode material.

[0076] Example 2

[0077] The preparation method of nickel mesh loaded porous nickel-molybdenum alloy electrode material (NiMo melted) comprises the following steps:

[0078] (1) Prepare metal raw materials in the ratio of nickel: molybdenum: zinc = 40:20:40 (atomic ratio) with a purity of more than 99.5wt%, and smelt them into a molten state in an electric arc furnace. In advance, the nickel mesh is ultrasonically cleaned and dried by immersion in acid / ethanol to remove the oxide layer and oil stains. The molten alloy is placed in a special heating device for heat preservation. The nickel mesh is cut into a certain size, clamped with a refractory device and immersed in the liquid alloy for 10 seconds, then taken out and dipped in a water pool to obtain a nickel mesh loaded with a nickel-molybdenum-zinc alloy layer.

[0079] (2) The nickel mesh loaded with the nickel-molybdenum-zinc alloy layer is immersed in a 30 wt % NaOH solution at room temperature for about 10 hours to obtain a nickel mesh loaded with a porous nickel-molybdenum alloy (NiMo melted), i.e., an electrode material, see Figure 5 .

[0080] The electrode material (NiMo melted) was used as the cathode material for alkaline water electrolysis and tested for hydrogen evolution reaction. It was found that it has excellent hydrogen evolution catalytic activity and stability. -2 The overpotential under current density is 160mV, which is much better than the plasma sprayed NiMo electrode material (NiMo plasma) and the nickel mesh substrate electrode material (Ni mesh) in Comparative Example 2. Figure 6 .

[0081] The electrode material (NiMo melted) also has good catalytic stability, with a 30 wt% KOH solution at room temperature at 500 mA cm -2 During the 180-hour test at the current density, the potential first dropped slightly and then remained stable. Figure 7 .

[0082] Comparative Example 2

[0083] The preparation method of plasma sprayed NiMo electrode material (NiMo plasma) comprises: obtaining Ni / Mo / Zn three-metal mixed powder with nickel: molybdenum: zinc = 40:20:40 (atomic ratio) by a physical method, plasma spraying it on a nickel mesh substrate, and then using KOH to soak and dissolve Zn to obtain the plasma sprayed NiMo electrode material.

[0084] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0085] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention. Changes, modifications, substitutions and variations of the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an electrode material, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Smelting a metal raw material to obtain a molten liquid; wherein the metal raw material includes zinc and / or aluminum; the metal raw material also includes nickel; the atomic percentage of zinc and / or aluminum in the metal raw material is 5%-90%; (2) immersing the metal substrate in a molten liquid, then taking it out and cooling it to obtain a metal substrate carrying a metal layer; (3) Immersing the metal substrate carrying the metal layer in an alkaline solution for etching to obtain an electrode material; the electrode material includes a metal substrate and a porous metal layer carried on the metal substrate.

2. The method for preparing an electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the metal raw material further comprises iron and / or molybdenum; And / or, the metal raw material comprises nickel, iron and aluminum; the atomic ratio of nickel, iron and aluminum is 20-90:5-80:5-90; And / or, the metal raw material includes nickel, molybdenum and zinc; the atomic ratio of nickel, molybdenum and zinc is 20-90:5-80:5-90.

3. The method for preparing an electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the shape of the metal substrate includes at least one of foil, mesh, and foam; And / or, the metal substrate comprises at least one of pure metal and alloy; And / or, the metal layer is an alloy layer; and / or, immersing the metal substrate in the molten liquid for a period of 5 seconds to 1 minute; And / or, the process of immersing the metal substrate in the molten liquid and then taking it out and cooling it is repeated to obtain a metal substrate carrying a metal layer.

4. The method for preparing an electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the metal substrate is placed in an automatic winder, the metal substrate is pressed down to the surface of the molten liquid by an inorganic roller, and the automatic winder is started to immerse the metal substrate in the molten liquid, and then taken out; the rotation speed of the automatic winder is controlled to be 5-20 rpm.

5. The method for preparing an electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (3), the mass percentage concentration of the alkali solution is 20-40wt%; And / or, the immersion time in the alkali solution is 5 minutes to 12 hours.

6. An electrode material, characterized in that The electrode material is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and comprises a metal substrate and a porous metal layer supported on the metal substrate.

7. The electrode material according to claim 6, characterized in that The porous metal layer comprises at least one of nickel and nickel alloy; the nickel alloy is a nickel-iron alloy, and the atomic ratio of nickel to iron is 20-80:20-80; or, the nickel alloy is a nickel-molybdenum alloy, and the atomic ratio of nickel to molybdenum is 20-80:20-80.

8. Use of an electrode material obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or an electrode material according to any one of claims 6 to 7, characterized in that: The electrode material is used for alkaline water electrolysis.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that: The electrode material is used as an anode material and / or a cathode material for alkaline water electrolysis.

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