A self-sensing lead core rubber seismic isolation bearing and a state monitoring method thereof

Abstract

A self-sensing lead rubber seismic isolation bearing and a state monitoring method thereof, comprising an upper connecting steel plate, a lower connecting steel plate, a grooved lead rubber bearing, a lateral displacement sensing module, a shear force sensing module, a main control module, an acquisition module and its accessory structures. The grooved lead core is a traditional lead core with a central opening groove, and the lateral displacement sensing module, the shear force sensing module and the main control module are pasted on the inner wall; the acquisition module is composed of a wireless receiving unit and a conversion unit. The method steps are as follows: when the bearing is laterally displaced by external excitation, the main control module obtains the displacement measured data and the shear force measured data respectively through the wire, and transmits them wirelessly to the terminal through the acquisition module to obtain the state of the bearing. The present invention adopts embedded, wireless transmission, prefabricated integration, and has strong adaptability, so that the embedded lead rubber bearing is suitable for various types of bridges, buildings and engineering structures to ensure the reliability and safety of the structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of seismic isolation bearings, and in particular relates to a self-sensing lead core rubber seismic isolation bearing technology. Background Art

[0002] As people's requirements for structural safety and seismic performance continue to increase, more and more projects have begun to adopt seismic isolation technology. Lead rubber bearings, with their unique material and structural characteristics, have become a highly-regarded technological innovation in the engineering field. It can not only effectively reduce the deformation and vibration of the structure, improve the stability and safety of the structure, but also has good seismic performance and load-bearing capacity. Compared with traditional bearing devices, lead rubber bearings have the advantages of convenient installation and maintenance, strong durability, etc., providing reliable support for the design and construction of engineering structures. As more and more projects choose lead rubber bearings in design and construction, conducting research on the status monitoring of lead rubber bearings is of great practical significance for ensuring the safety and reliability of engineering structures.

[0003] Many domestic and foreign research institutions and scholars have begun to pay attention to the monitoring technology of lead rubber bearings and have conducted a series of studies in this field. The existing methods mainly include the following: (1) Manual identification method. The manual method mainly uses visual and caliper measurement to realize displacement judgment. This method is highly dependent on the experience, responsibility and work attitude of the inspection personnel. Its detection accuracy is often difficult to guarantee, and when the damage is large, it cannot provide real-time warning. (2) In terms of sensor selection, there are many types of sensors that can be selected to measure force. According to the working principle of the sensor, it can be divided into voltage, resistance, capacitance, inductance, photoelectric, grating, thermocouple and other types. Each sensor has its own characteristics and corresponding applicable environment. Although there are many types of sensors to choose from, there are few projects that combine sensors with bearings and can be successfully applied. On the other hand, these sensors have certain limitations. The main reason is that many sensors are poorly applicable in the bearing structure, and it is difficult to find a sensor arrangement method and measurement method with high accuracy. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a self-sensing lead rubber isolation bearing and a state monitoring method thereof.

[0005] The present invention discloses a self-sensing lead rubber seismic isolation bearing and a state monitoring method thereof. The self-sensing lead rubber seismic isolation bearing is composed of an upper connecting steel plate 11, a lower connecting steel plate 12, a grooved lead rubber bearing 2, a lateral displacement sensing module 3, a shear force sensing module 4, a main control module 5, an acquisition module 6 and an auxiliary structure 7. The grooved lead rubber bearing 2 is composed of a steel plate layer 21, a rubber layer 22, a rubber protective layer 23, a grooved lead core 24, and a circular hole 25. The lateral displacement sensing module 3 is composed of a perforated moving pole piece 31, a moving pole piece 32, a perforated isolation diaphragm 33, an isolation diaphragm 34 and a sensing channel 35. The shear force sensing module 4 is composed of a central core 41, a shear force sensing unit 42 and a fan-shaped hole 43. The four shear force sensing units 42 are connected to the central core 41, a shear force sensing unit 42 and a fan-shaped hole 43. The epoxy resin 72 is respectively bonded to the inner wall of the circular hole 25 and just corresponds to the four fan-shaped hole grooves 43 of the central core 41; the two lateral displacement sensing modules 3 and the shear force sensing module 4 are respectively connected to the main control module 5 by wires through the connecting tube 71; the main control module 5 is composed of a wireless transmission unit 51, a power supply unit 52, a receiving conversion unit 53, a cylindrical shell 54 and an internal card slot 55. The wireless transmission unit 51, the power supply unit 52 and the receiving conversion unit 53 are fixed to the inside of the cylindrical shell 54 through the internal card slot 55, and the outside of the cylindrical shell 54 is glued to the inner wall of the circular hole 25 through the epoxy resin 72; the acquisition module 6 is composed of a wireless receiving unit 61 and a conversion unit 62; the auxiliary structure 7 includes a connecting tube 71 and epoxy resin 72.

[0006] The state monitoring method of the self-sensing lead rubber isolation bearing of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step (1) Determine the installation position of the self-sensing lead rubber isolation bearing and number it accordingly at the terminal. Perform system pre-detection and obtain the relative position of the initial hole-carrying moving pole piece and the moving pole piece, so as to obtain the capacitance value and the corresponding electrical signal value in the initial state;

[0008] Step (2) determines the stress state of the self-sensing lead core rubber seismic isolation bearing: when the bearing is stimulated by the outside world to generate lateral displacement, the lateral displacement sensing module (3) obtains the measured displacement data of the two ends, and the movable pole piece (31) with a hole and the movable pole piece (32) are relatively displaced, so that the relative sensing area of ​​the sensing channel (35) changes, and then the capacitance value changes, generating a change in the electrical signal and transmitting it to the receiving conversion unit (53) of the main control module (5) through the wire; when the bearing is stimulated by the outside world to generate lateral shear force, the shear force sensing module (4) obtains the measured shear force data, and the four shear force sensing units (42) on the inner wall of the grooved lead core (24) respectively measure the stress and strain of the four surfaces. Under the action of the shear force, vertical axial force N, y-direction shear force F and other forces will be generated in one plane. y and the x-direction shear force F xThe stress and bending moment M y and bending moment M x , thereby generating a corresponding electrical signal, which is transmitted to a receiving conversion unit (53) of a main control module (5) through a wire;

[0009] Step (3) The main control module obtains the measured displacement data and shear force data at both ends through the receiving conversion unit and stores them. After receiving the electrical signals from the two lateral displacement sensing modules, the receiving conversion unit compares and analyzes them with the initial electrical signals, thereby inferring the change in capacitance and obtaining the relative displacements at both ends of the support. After receiving the electrical signals from the four shear force sensing units, the receiving conversion unit performs an inversion analysis to obtain stress and bending moment. The deformation that occurs is a small deformation, which satisfies the linear superposition principle. Through the calculation formula of material mechanics, the stress and bending moment of the four planes can be coupled and superimposed to obtain one axial force and two shear forces, and then the total shear force is obtained by vector synthesis of the shear forces.

[0010] Step (4) The acquisition module transmits the shear force signal and the relative displacement signal to the terminal through the wireless receiving unit and the wireless transmission unit. After comparative analysis with the corresponding limit values ​​of the lead rubber bearing specification, three states of the bearing in normal use, the bearing approaching the warning value, and the bearing lateral damage can be obtained. The relevant maintenance personnel are notified in time to re-inspect and replace the corresponding bearing according to the bearing number, thereby achieving the purpose of real-time monitoring.

[0011] The present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0012] 1. The present invention adopts an embedded structure to embed the lateral displacement sensing module, the shear force sensing module and the main control module into the lead rubber bearing, avoiding the need for additional substructures for certain monitoring, making full use of the space around the bearing and unrestricted bearing detection position.

[0013] 2. The present invention is highly adaptable, and the design of the embedded lead rubber bearing is flexible and diverse, and can be customized according to the needs of the structure. The parameters such as the size, shape and stiffness of the bearing can be adjusted according to the specific situation to meet the requirements of different structures. This flexibility makes the embedded lead rubber bearing suitable for various types of bridges, buildings and engineering structures.

[0014] 3. The present invention avoids the line damage problem of traditional wired transmission and the problem of cluttered lines when arranged in large quantities. This support can be used under various conditions, has a wide range of applications, is simple to install, and has strong stability and data measurement effectiveness.

[0015] 4. The self-sensing lead rubber seismic isolation bearing of the present invention forms an integral body on the outside, has a strong ability to resist external non-monitoring loads, the internal units are all prefabricated and integrated as a whole, and the internal gaps are filled with epoxy resin to ensure the stability of the internal structure.

[0016] 5. The self-sensing lead core rubber seismic isolation bearing status monitoring method of the present invention can periodically and in real time monitor the stress conditions of multiple self-sensing lead core rubber seismic isolation bearings, thereby increasing work efficiency, reducing the number of manual inspections, and reducing potential safety risks for maintenance personnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is an overall diagram of the present invention, Figure 2 is an overall cross-sectional view of the present invention, Figure 3 This is a detailed diagram of the lateral displacement sensing module. Figure 4 This is a detailed diagram of the shear force sensing module. Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the main control module. Figure 6 This is a flow chart of the self-sensing lead rubber isolation bearing state monitoring method. Figure 7 It is a technical roadmap of the method of the present invention; wherein, 11: upper connecting steel plate, 12: lower connecting steel plate, 2: grooved lead core rubber support, 21: steel plate layer, 22: rubber layer, 23: rubber protective layer, 24: grooved lead core, 25: circular hole groove, 3: lateral displacement sensing module, 31: moving pole piece with hole, 32: moving pole piece, 33: isolation diaphragm with hole, 34: isolation diaphragm, 35: sensing channel, 4: shear force sensing module, 41: central core, 42: shear force sensing unit, 43: fan-shaped hole groove, 5: main control module, 51: wireless transmission unit, 52: power supply unit, 53: receiving conversion unit, 54: cylindrical shell, 55: internal card slot, 6: acquisition module, 61: wireless receiving unit, 62: conversion unit, 7: auxiliary structure, 71: connecting tube, 72: epoxy resin. Implementation

[0018] like Figure 1~Figure 5As shown, the present invention is a self-sensing lead rubber isolation bearing and a state monitoring method thereof. The self-sensing lead rubber isolation bearing is composed of an upper connecting steel plate 11, a lower connecting steel plate 12, a grooved lead rubber bearing 2, a lateral displacement sensing module 3, a shear force sensing module 4, a main control module 5, a collection module 6 and its auxiliary structure 7. The grooved lead rubber bearing 2 is composed of a steel plate layer 21, a rubber layer 22, a rubber protective layer 23, a grooved lead core 24, and a circular hole groove 25; the lateral displacement sensing module 3 The main control module 5 is composed of a movable electrode piece 31 with a hole, a movable electrode piece 32, an isolation diaphragm piece 33 with a hole, an isolation diaphragm piece 34 and a sensing channel 35; the shear force sensing module 4 is composed of a central core 41, a shear force sensing unit 42 and a fan-shaped hole groove 43. The four shear force sensing units 42 are respectively bonded to the inner wall of the circular hole groove 25 by epoxy resin 72, and just correspond to the four fan-shaped hole grooves 43 of the central core 41, so as to protect the shear force sensing units 42 from being squeezed and deformed and prevent damage; the main control module 5 is composed of a wireless transmission unit 51 , a power supply unit 52, a receiving conversion unit 53, a cylindrical shell 54 and an internal card slot 55. The wireless transmission unit 51, the power supply unit 52 and the receiving conversion unit 53 are fixed to the inside of the cylindrical shell 54 through the internal card slot 55, and the outside of the cylindrical shell 54 is pasted on the inner wall of the circular hole 25 by epoxy resin 72; the two lateral displacement sensing modules 3 and the shear force sensing module 4 are respectively connected to the main control module 5 by wires through the connecting tube 71; the acquisition module 6 is composed of a wireless receiving unit 61 and a conversion unit 62 together; the grooved lead core rubber support 2 is made by traditional vulcanization process; the wireless transmission unit 51, the power supply unit 52, the receiving conversion unit 53, the perforated moving pole piece 31, the moving pole piece 32, the perforated isolation diaphragm 33, the isolation diaphragm 34 and the shear force sensing unit 42 are all prefabricated and integrated; the central core 41, the cylindrical shell 54, and the connecting tube 71 are all made of energy-consuming materials to reduce the energy consumption effect of lead and zinc; the circular hole groove 25, the fan-shaped hole groove 43 and the card slot 55 are all formed by turning.

[0019] The above self-sensing lead core rubber seismic isolation bearing is characterized in that a circular hole 25 is opened on the basis of the lead core to obtain a grooved lead core 24, wherein the diameter of the circular hole 25 is not greater than 1 / 4 of the diameter of the grooved lead core 24; the holed moving pole piece 31 and the moving pole piece 32 in the lateral displacement sensing module 3 are both made of corrugated diaphragm material, the holed moving pole piece 31 is connected to the connecting tube 71 through a holed isolation diaphragm 33 and epoxy resin, and the moving pole piece 32 is connected to the upper connecting steel plate through an isolation diaphragm 34 and epoxy resin; the two lateral displacement sensing modules 3 and the shear force sensing module 4 are prefabricated and integrated with the main control module 5, and they are connected through a connecting tube 71 wire, and are embedded in the circular hole 25 of the grooved lead core 24, and fixed to the inner wall of the circular hole 25 through epoxy resin 72; the acquisition module 6 is connected to the main control module 5 through wireless transmission for transmitting measured data, and the terminal is connected to the acquisition module 6 through a wire;

[0020] In the self-sensing lead rubber seismic isolation bearing described above, the lateral displacement sensing module 3 collects the lateral displacement data of the two ends of the grooved lead rubber bearing 2, wherein the lateral displacement sensing module 3 changes the capacitance by the relative movement of the movable electrode piece 31 with holes and the movable electrode piece 32, thereby changing the area of ​​the sensing channel 35 to obtain the displacement measured data, and the shear force sensing module 4 measures the shear force data of the grooved lead rubber bearing 2 through the shear force sensing unit 42, wherein the four shear force sensing units measure the shear force measured value by measuring the resistivity change of the bearing.

[0021] The self-sensing lead rubber seismic isolation bearing described above, when external excitation acts on the new self-sensing lead rubber seismic isolation bearing, the lateral displacement sensing module 3 in the grooved lead core 24 collects the lateral displacement data of the two ends of the grooved lead rubber bearing 2, the shear force sensing module 4 measures the shear force data of the grooved lead rubber bearing 2 through the shear force sensing unit 42, the receiving and converting unit 53 in the main control module 5 obtains the lateral displacement data and the shear force data through the wires respectively and converts and amplifies the data, wherein the power supply unit 52 supplies power to the main control module 5, and finally the acquisition module 6 obtains the measured data through the wireless transmission unit 51 and the wireless receiving unit 61, and transmits it to the terminal through the conversion unit 62, thereby obtaining the state of the lead rubber bearing.

[0022] The state monitoring method of the self-sensing lead rubber isolation bearing of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0023] Step (1) determining the installation position of the novel self-sensing lead rubber seismic isolation bearing and numbering it accordingly at the terminal: performing system pre-detection and obtaining the relative position of the initial holed moving pole piece 31 and the moving pole piece 32, thereby obtaining the capacitance value and the corresponding electrical signal value in the initial state;

[0024] Step (2) determines the stress state of the new self-sensing lead core rubber seismic isolation bearing: when the bearing is stimulated by the outside world to produce lateral displacement, the lateral displacement sensing module 3 obtains the measured displacement data of the two ends, and the movable pole piece 31 with holes and the movable pole piece 32 are relatively displaced, so that the relative sensing area of ​​the sensing channel 35 changes, and then the capacitance value changes, generating a change in the electrical signal and transmitting it to the receiving conversion unit 53 of the main control module 5 through the wire; when the bearing is stimulated by the outside world to produce lateral shear force, the shear force sensing module 4 obtains the measured shear force data, and the four shear force sensing units 42 on the inner wall of the grooved lead core 24 respectively measure the stress and strain of the four surfaces. Under the action of the shear force, vertical axial force N, y-direction shear force F and the like will be generated in one plane. y and the x-direction shear force F x The stress and bending moment M y and bending moment M x , thereby generating a corresponding electrical signal, which is transmitted to the receiving conversion unit 53 of the main control module 5 through a wire;

[0025] Step (3) The main control module 5 obtains the displacement measured data and the shear force measured data of the two ends through the receiving conversion unit 53 and stores them; after receiving the electrical signals from the two lateral displacement sensing modules 3, the receiving conversion unit 53 compares and analyzes them with the initial electrical signals, thereby inferring the change of capacitance and obtaining the relative displacement of the two ends of the support;

[0026] After receiving the electrical signals from the four shear force sensing units 42, the receiving and converting unit 53 performs inverse analysis to obtain stress and bending moment. The deformation is small, which satisfies the linear superposition principle. The stress and bending moment of the four planes can be coupled and superimposed to obtain one axial force and two shear forces through the calculation formula of material mechanics, and then the total shear force is obtained through the vector synthesis of the shear forces.

[0027] Step (4) The acquisition module 6 transmits the shear force signal and the relative displacement signal to the terminal through the wireless receiving unit 61 and the wireless transmission unit 51. After comparative analysis with the corresponding limit values ​​of the lead rubber bearing specification, three states of the bearing in normal use, the bearing approaching the warning value, and the bearing being lateral damaged can be obtained. The relevant maintenance personnel are notified in time to re-inspect and replace the corresponding bearing according to the bearing number, thereby achieving the purpose of real-time monitoring.

[0028] The technical content of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, it is an overall view and a cross-sectional view of the self-sensing lead core rubber seismic isolation bearing of the present invention, and its structure is composed of an upper connecting steel plate 11, a lower connecting steel plate 12, a grooved lead core rubber bearing 2, a lateral displacement sensing module 3, a shear force sensing module 4, a main control module 5, a collection module 6 and its auxiliary structure 7. The grooved lead core rubber bearing 2 is composed of a steel plate layer 21, a rubber layer 22, a rubber protective layer 23, a grooved lead core 24, and a circular hole groove 25, and is prefabricated using a traditional vulcanization process. The diameter of the circular hole groove 25 is not greater than 1 / 4 of the diameter of the grooved lead core 24; the two lateral displacement sensing modules 3 and the shear force sensing module 4 are connected to the main control module 5 through a connecting tube 71, and are embedded in the circular hole groove 25 of the grooved lead core 24, and are fixed to the inner wall of the circular hole groove 25 by epoxy resin 72.

[0029] like Figure 3 As shown, it is a detailed diagram of the lateral displacement sensing module of the self-sensing lead core rubber seismic isolation bearing of the present invention, and its structure is composed of a perforated moving pole piece 31, a moving pole piece 32, a perforated isolation diaphragm 33, an isolation diaphragm 34 and a sensing channel 35; wherein the perforated moving pole piece 31 and the moving pole piece 32 formed by the corrugated diaphragm are provided with a sensing channel 35, which are respectively bonded to the upper connecting steel plate 11 and the connecting cylinder 71 through the perforated isolation diaphragm 33 and the isolation diaphragm 34.

[0030] like Figure 4 As shown, it is a detailed diagram of the shear force sensing module of the self-sensing lead core rubber seismic isolation bearing of the present invention. The shear force sensing module 4 is composed of a central core 41, a shear force sensing unit 42 and a fan-shaped hole groove 43. The four shear force sensing units 42 are respectively bonded to the inner wall of the circular hole groove 25 by epoxy resin 72, and just correspond to the four fan-shaped hole grooves 43 of the central core 41, so as to protect the shear force sensing units 42 from being squeezed and deformed, and prevent damage.

[0031] like Figure 5 As shown, it is a cross-sectional view of the main control module of the self-sensing lead core rubber seismic isolation bearing of the present invention. The main control module 5 is composed of a wireless transmission unit 51, a power supply unit 52, a receiving conversion unit 53, a cylindrical shell 54 and an internal card slot 55, and all of them are prefabricated and integrated. The wireless transmission unit 51, the power supply unit 52 and the receiving conversion unit 53 are fixed to the inside of the cylindrical shell 54 through the internal card slot 5, and the outside of the cylindrical shell 54 is glued to the inner wall of the circular hole 25 by epoxy resin 72.

[0032] like Figure 6 , Figure 7As shown, it is a flow chart of the self-sensing lead rubber isolation bearing state monitoring method of the present invention. First, the installation position of the self-sensing lead rubber isolation bearing state device is determined, and the corresponding number is performed at the terminal, and the system pre-inspection is performed and the initial value is obtained; the stress state of the new self-sensing lead rubber isolation bearing is determined. When the bearing is laterally displaced by external excitation, the lateral displacement sensing module 3 obtains the measured displacement data at both ends, and the shear force sensing module 4 obtains the measured shear force data; the main control module 5 obtains the measured displacement data and the shear force measured data at both ends through the receiving conversion unit 53, respectively, and stores, analyzes and converts them; the acquisition module 6 obtains the analysis data through the wireless transmission unit 51 and the wireless receiving unit 61, and transmits it to the terminal through the conversion unit 62; the terminal receives the analysis data and compares and analyzes the corresponding limit values ​​of the lead rubber bearing specification, and can obtain three states of normal use of the bearing, bearing approaching the warning value, and bearing lateral damage, and promptly notifies the relevant maintenance personnel to re-inspect and replace the corresponding bearing according to the bearing number, thereby achieving the purpose of real-time monitoring.

[0033] like Figure 1 to Figure 7 As shown, the self-sensing principle of the self-sensing lead rubber isolation bearing of the present invention is: when the external excitation acts on the self-sensing lead rubber isolation bearing, the lateral displacement sensing module 3 in the grooved lead core 31 collects the lateral displacement data of the two ends of the lead rubber bearing, wherein the lateral displacement sensing module changes the area of ​​the sensing channel 35 and changes the capacitance to obtain the displacement measured data through the relative movement of the movable electrode piece 31 with holes and the movable electrode piece 32, and the shear force sensing module 4 measures the shear force data of the lead rubber seat through the shear force sensing unit 4, wherein the four shear force sensing units measure the resistivity change of the bearing. The actual shear force measured value is obtained, and the receiving conversion unit 53 in the main control module 5 obtains the lateral displacement data and the shear force data through the wires and analyzes and converts the data, wherein the power supply unit 52 supplies power to the main control module 5, and finally the acquisition module 6 obtains the analysis data through the wireless transmission unit 51 and the wireless receiving unit 61, and transmits it to the terminal through the conversion unit 62. The terminal receives the analysis data and compares and analyzes the corresponding limit values ​​of the lead core rubber bearing specification, and can obtain three states of normal use of the bearing, bearing approaching the warning value, and bearing lateral damage, thereby achieving the purpose of real-time monitoring.

[0034] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-sensing lead rubber seismic isolation bearing, comprising an upper connecting steel plate (11), a lower connecting steel plate (12), a grooved lead rubber bearing (2), a lateral displacement sensing module (3), a shear force sensing module (4), a main control module (5), a collection module (6) and its auxiliary structure (7), characterized in that The grooved lead core rubber support (2) is composed of a steel plate layer (21), a rubber layer (22), a rubber protective layer (23), a grooved lead core (24), and a circular hole groove (25); the lateral displacement sensing module (3) is composed of a perforated moving electrode piece (31), a moving electrode piece (32), a perforated isolation diaphragm (33), an isolation diaphragm (34), and a sensing channel (35); the shear force sensing module (4) is composed of a central core (41), a shear force sensing unit (42), and a fan-shaped hole groove (43); the four shear force sensing units (42) are respectively bonded to the inner wall of the circular hole groove (25) by epoxy resin (72), and just correspond to the four fan-shaped hole grooves (43) of the central core (41); the main control module (5) is composed of a wireless transmission unit (51 ), a power supply unit (52), a receiving conversion unit (53), a cylindrical shell (54) and an internal card slot (55); the wireless transmission unit (51), the power supply unit (52) and the receiving conversion unit (53) are fixed to the inside of the cylindrical shell (54) through the internal card slot (55); the outside of the cylindrical shell (54) is adhered to the inner wall of the circular hole groove (25) through epoxy resin (72); the collection module (6) is composed of a wireless receiving unit (61) and a conversion unit (62); the auxiliary structure (7) includes a connecting tube (71) and epoxy resin (72); a circular hole groove (25) is opened on the basis of the lead core to obtain a grooved lead core (24), wherein the diameter of the circular hole groove (25) is not greater than one quarter of the diameter of the grooved lead core (24), The circular hole groove (25) is provided with a lateral displacement sensing module (3), a main control module (5), a shear force sensing module (4), and a lateral displacement sensing module (3) from top to bottom; the movable pole pieces (31) with holes in the two lateral displacement sensing modules (3) are connected to the connecting tube (71) through a perforated isolation diaphragm (33) and epoxy resin, and the movable pole pieces (32) in the two lateral displacement sensing modules (3) are connected to the upper connecting steel plate (11) and the lower connecting steel plate (12) through an isolation diaphragm (34) and epoxy resin respectively; the four lateral displacement sensing modules (3) and the shear force sensing module (4) are connected to the main control module (5) through a connecting tube (71) wire, and are embedded in the circular hole groove (25) of the grooved lead core (24) and connected through epoxy resin. The resin (72) is fixed on the inner wall of the circular hole groove (25); the acquisition module (6) is connected to the main control module (5) through wireless transmission and is used to transmit measured data, and the terminal is connected to the acquisition module (6) through a wire; the lateral displacement sensing module (3) collects lateral displacement data at both ends of the grooved lead rubber support (2), wherein the lateral displacement sensing module (3) changes the area of ​​the sensing channel (35) and the capacitance through the relative movement of the holed moving electrode piece (31) and the moving electrode piece (32) to obtain the displacement measured data; the shear force sensing module (4) measures the shear force data of the grooved lead rubber support (2) through the shear force sensing units (42), wherein the four shear force sensing units (42) measure the shear force measured value by measuring the resistivity change of the support;The receiving and converting unit (53) in the main control module (5) obtains the lateral displacement data and the shear force data through the wires respectively and converts and amplifies the data, wherein the power supply unit (52) supplies power to the main control module (5), and finally the acquisition module (6) obtains the measured data through the wireless transmission unit (51) and the wireless receiving unit (61), and transmits the data to the terminal through the conversion unit (62), thereby obtaining the state of the lead rubber bearing. ; 2. The state monitoring method of the self-sensing lead rubber isolation bearing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steps are: Step (1) determining the installation position of the self-sensing lead rubber seismic isolation bearing and numbering it accordingly at the terminal, performing system pre-detection and obtaining the relative position of the initial holed moving pole piece (31) and the moving pole piece (32), thereby obtaining the capacitance value and the corresponding electrical signal value in the initial state; Step (2) determines the stress state of the self-sensing lead core rubber seismic isolation bearing: when the bearing is stimulated by the outside world to generate lateral displacement, the lateral displacement sensing module (3) obtains the measured displacement data of the two ends, and the movable electrode piece (31) with holes and the movable electrode piece (32) are relatively displaced, so that the relative sensing area of ​​the sensing channel (35) changes, and then the capacitance value changes, generating a change in the electrical signal and transmitting it to the receiving conversion unit (53) of the main control module (5) through the wire; when the bearing is stimulated by the outside world to generate lateral shear force, the shear force sensing module (4) obtains the measured shear force data, and the four shear force sensing units (42) on the inner wall of the grooved lead core (24) respectively measure the stress and strain of the four surfaces. Under the action of the shear force, vertical axial force N, y-direction shear force F and other forces will be generated in one plane. y and the x-direction shear force F x The stress and bending moment M y and bending moment M x , thereby generating a corresponding electrical signal, which is transmitted to a receiving conversion unit (53) of a main control module (5) through a wire; Step (3) the main control module (5) obtains and stores the displacement measured data and the shear force measured data at both ends through the receiving conversion unit (53); after receiving the electrical signals from the two lateral displacement sensing modules (3), the receiving conversion unit (53) compares and analyzes them with the initial electrical signals, thereby inferring the change in capacitance and obtaining the relative displacements at both ends of the support; After receiving the electrical signals from the four shear force sensing units (42), the receiving conversion unit (53) performs inverse analysis to obtain stress and bending moment, wherein the deformation that occurs is a small deformation, which satisfies the linear superposition principle. The stress and bending moment of the four planes can be coupled and superimposed by the calculation formula of material mechanics to obtain an axial force and two shear forces, and then the total shear force is obtained by vector synthesis of the shear forces; In step (4), the acquisition module (6) transmits the shear force signal and the relative displacement signal to the terminal via the wireless receiving unit (61) and the wireless transmission unit (51). After comparison and analysis with the corresponding limit values ​​in the lead rubber bearing specification, three states of the bearing, namely, normal use of the bearing, bearing approaching the warning value, and bearing lateral damage, are obtained. The relevant maintenance personnel are notified in time to re-inspect and replace the corresponding bearing according to the bearing number, thereby achieving the purpose of real-time monitoring.

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