A highway hard rock tunnel blasting construction method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of blasting construction technology for highway hard rock tunnels, specifically a method for blasting construction of highway hard rock tunnels. The method employs a blasting construction device for highway hard rock tunnels, including a movable base. A material storage base is fixedly installed on the left rear end of the movable base, and a support frame is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the movable base. The support frame is equipped with an adjustment mechanism for automatically installing blasting detonators on different hard rock tunnel construction faces. The device automatically installs blasting detonators according to the borehole location, accelerating the construction efficiency of highway hard rock tunnels. Before installation, the depth of the borehole is pre-positioned according to the fixed installation position of the borehole using a sliding cylinder frame, ensuring that the detonator is correctly placed at the appropriate depth in each borehole. This improves the accuracy of blasting and increases the efficiency of construction operations. Furthermore, it ensures the consistency of the installation process for each borehole, making the blasting effect of each borehole more reliable and predictable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of blasting construction technology for highway hard rock tunnels, specifically a blasting construction method for highway hard rock tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] Hard rock tunnels for highways are those constructed through hard rock or rock strata to provide passage for highways. In the construction of hard rock tunnels, because hard rock usually has high strength and low plasticity, it is difficult to excavate effectively using traditional excavation methods. Blasting is an effective means of breaking the strength and consolidation of hard rock, and can quickly overcome the compressive strength of hard rock. Therefore, blasting construction is required for hard rock tunnels for highways in order to accelerate the excavation progress.

[0003] Existing methods for blasting hard rock tunnels on highways require prior geological surveys and the development of blasting designs based on geological conditions. This is followed by the preparation of blasting equipment and materials, drilling at the tunnel face using a drilling rig, and then manually inserting detonators into the boreholes. The wires and detonators are then connected before blasting operations can commence, followed by subsequent support and reinforcement work. However, these methods have the following drawbacks: 1. The process requires manual insertion of detonators into the boreholes, which is prone to errors. This can result in deviating detonator placement from the design requirements, leading to poor blasting results and failing to achieve the expected rock drilling or excavation. Furthermore, improper operation can cause unnecessary explosions or fires, threatening personnel safety. 2. Inserting detonators directly into the borehole without cleaning it after drilling allows residual rock debris, mud, or other impurities to adhere to the detonators. This creates gaps between the detonators and the rock, preventing the full transfer of blasting energy and resulting in uneven fragmentation or failure to achieve the desired rock drilling effect, thus affecting subsequent project progress and quality.

[0004] Therefore, in order to ensure the excavation progress of highway hard rock tunnels is accelerated through blasting construction, this invention provides a method for blasting construction of highway hard rock tunnels. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a method for blasting construction of hard rock tunnels for highways, which is achieved by the following specific technical means:

[0006] A method for blasting construction of hard rock tunnels for highways, S1: Preparation: Clear the construction site, set up temporary facilities, ensure the safety and accessibility of the construction site, and prepare blasting equipment and materials, including drilling machines, detonators, and blasting agents.

[0007] S2: Drilling: Drilling holes in the tunnel working face using a drilling machine, and controlling the hole positions and drilling depth according to design requirements.

[0008] S3: Filling and charging: The filling mechanism automatically fills the borehole with explosive detonators and controls the amount and density of the charge according to design requirements.

[0009] S4: Detonation and blasting: Connect the wires and detonators, carry out the blasting operation, and wait for an appropriate time after the blast to ensure that the smoke and dust dissipate and the rocks stabilize.

[0010] S5: Cleanup and Monitoring: After blasting, clean up the rubble and debris inside the tunnel to prepare for subsequent support and reinforcement work, and monitor the tunnel structure and surrounding environment to ensure safety and environmental protection.

[0011] The above-mentioned S3 is completed using a highway hard rock tunnel blasting construction device. The highway hard rock tunnel blasting construction device includes a movable base, a material storage base is fixedly installed on the left rear end of the movable base, and a support frame is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the movable base. The support frame is equipped with an adjustment mechanism for automatically installing blasting detonators on different hard rock tunnel construction faces. The adjustment mechanism includes an angle adjustment part set on the support frame, and an length adjustment part is set on the angle adjustment part.

[0012] The adjustment mechanism is equipped with a filling mechanism for cleaning the borehole before installing the blasting detonator and increasing the accuracy and safety of the installation. The filling mechanism includes a hole-fixing part that is slidably installed on the length adjustment part for fixing the position of the blasting detonator according to the borehole. The hole-fixing part is equipped with a pre-positioning part for pre-positioning the borehole depth. The pre-positioning part is equipped with a transport part. The pre-positioning part and the storage base are equipped with impurity removal parts.

[0013] The storage base is equipped with a storage mechanism that automatically installs explosive detonators in conjunction with the adjustment mechanism.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the angle adjustment part includes a central rotating shaft, a first motor, and a rotation limiting plate. A central rotating shaft passing through its front and rear ends is rotatably mounted on the support rotating frame, and a first gear located on the rear side of the support rotating frame is fixedly sleeved on the central rotating shaft. A first motor is fixedly mounted on the support rotating frame, and a second gear meshing with the first gear is fixedly sleeved on the output end of the first motor. The rotation limiting plate is rotatably mounted on the output end of the first motor and the rear end of the central rotating shaft through a bearing.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the length adjustment unit includes a hydraulic cylinder, a slide arm, a second motor, and a first slider. The hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed at the front end of the central rotating shaft. The slide arm is fixedly installed at the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder, and a screw is rotatably installed inside the slide arm. The second motor is fixedly installed on the slide arm, and the output end of the second motor is fixedly connected to the screw. The first slider is slidably installed inside the slide arm, and the first slider is threadedly connected to the screw.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fixed hole portion includes a fixed cylinder, a loading cylinder, a slide, a hydraulic pipe, an annular liquid pipe, a pressure boosting pump, and a stop block. The fixed cylinder is fixedly installed on the upper end face of the first slide, and the inner wall of the fixed cylinder has left and right symmetrical limiting slides. The inner wall of the fixed cylinder has a through groove. The loading cylinder is fixedly installed on the front end face of the fixed cylinder. Several slides are fixedly installed on the front end face of the loading cylinder in a circumferential array. A hydraulic pipe with its front end located inside the slide is fixedly installed on the loading cylinder, and a piston rod is provided at the front end of the hydraulic pipe. An annular liquid pipe is installed at the rear end of the hydraulic pipe. A pressure boosting pump is fixedly installed on the first slide, and the input end of the pressure boosting pump is interconnected with the annular liquid pipe. A stop block is slidably installed inside the slide, and the stop block includes an L-shaped slide rod and a semi-circular rubber plate. The L-shaped slide rod is fixedly connected to the piston rod.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the prepositioning part includes a slide frame, a rack, air holes, and a third motor. The slide frame is slidably installed in the left and right symmetrical limiting slides, and the slide frame includes left and right symmetrical slide tubes, upper and lower symmetrical arc plates, and front and rear symmetrical fixing rings. A rack is fixedly installed on the lower end face of the lower arc plate. A third motor is fixedly installed on the first slider, and a third gear located in a groove is fixedly sleeved on the output end of the third motor. The third gear meshes with the rack. Several air holes are opened in a linear array at the front ends of the left and right symmetrical slide tubes close to each other on one side.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the transport section includes rubber rollers, a limiting frame, a fourth motor, and an extension shaft. Several rubber rollers are rotatably mounted on the side walls of the symmetrically arranged arc plates, arranged in a linear array. These rubber rollers rotate synchronously with a first belt via a first pulley. An extension shaft is fixedly mounted at the center of each of the upper and lower rubber rollers at the rear end. This extension shaft rotates synchronously with a second belt via a second pulley. A limiting frame is fixedly mounted on the rear fixing ring, and a fourth motor is fixedly mounted on the limiting frame. The output end of the fourth motor is fixedly connected to the upper extension shaft.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the impurity removal unit includes a one-way limiting block, a stop bar, a connecting telescopic tube, and a blower. Several one-way limiting blocks are fixedly installed in a circumferential array on the inner wall of the rear fixed ring. The stop bar is rotatably installed on the side of the one-way limiting blocks that are close to each other through a hinge. The rear ends of the left and right symmetrical sliding tubes are fixedly connected to the connecting telescopic tube, and the connecting telescopic tube communicates with the air hole through the sliding tube. The blower is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the storage base through a bracket, and the output end of the blower is fixedly connected to the connecting telescopic tube.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the storage mechanism includes a storage bin, a semi-circular slide rail, a drive belt, and L-shaped push rods. The storage bin is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the support, and the storage bin includes a conical bin, a triangular bin, and a circular groove from top to bottom. The semi-circular slide rail is fixedly installed on the front end face of the circular groove, and the semi-circular slide rail and the circular groove share a common groove. The front end of the semi-circular slide rail corresponds to the fixed ring on the rear side. A drive belt is provided directly below the storage bin and the semi-circular slide rail. Several L-shaped push rods are fixedly installed on the drive belt in a linear array along its surface, and the L-shaped push rods are slidably connected in the groove.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. This method for blasting hard rock tunnels for highways utilizes a combination of adjustment, filling, and storage mechanisms. After drilling, the detonators can be automatically installed according to the borehole location, avoiding operational errors that occur during manual detonator installation. This also protects personnel safety and accelerates the excavation progress of hard rock tunnels for highways.

[0023] 2. This blasting construction method for highway hard rock tunnels, through the coordinated use of the adjustment and storage mechanisms, allows for the complete coverage of different highway hard rock tunnel construction surfaces by changing the installation angle and length, enhancing the practicality of the device. Furthermore, the automatic mechanical installation of detonators improves work efficiency, saves a significant amount of time and cost, reduces the time and risk for personnel at the blasting site, and ensures the accuracy and stability of the installation operation.

[0024] 3. This blasting construction method for hard rock tunnels on highways utilizes a combination of adjustment and filling mechanisms. Before installing detonators, the required installation position is fixed according to the borehole, and the depth of the borehole is pre-positioned by an extended sliding cylinder frame. This ensures that the detonators are correctly placed at the appropriate depth in each borehole, thereby improving the accuracy of blasting and increasing the efficiency of construction operations. Furthermore, it ensures the consistency of the installation process for each borehole, making the blasting effect of each borehole more reliable and predictable.

[0025] 4. The blasting construction method for hard rock tunnels in this highway utilizes a filling mechanism. Before installing the detonator, a strong airflow from the front end of the slide frame discharges residual rock chips, mud, or other impurities from the inside to the outside of the hole, reducing the gap between the detonator and the rock. This allows the blasting energy to be fully transferred to achieve the expected rock drilling effect, thereby improving the progress and quality of subsequent projects. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of the blasting construction method of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the movable base of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the adjustment mechanism of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the fixed hole portion of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the solid hole portion of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the slide frame of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the transportation section of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the impurity removal section of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the storage mechanism of the present invention.

[0035] In the diagram: 1. Movable base; 2. Storage base; 3. Support frame; 4. Adjustment mechanism; 41. Angle adjustment section; 411. Central rotating shaft; 412. First motor; 413. Rotation limiting plate; 42. Length adjustment section; 421. Hydraulic cylinder; 422. Slide arm; 423. Second motor; 424. First slider; 5. Filling mechanism; 51. Fixed hole section; 511. Fixed cylinder; 512. Loading cylinder; 513. Slide frame; 514. Hydraulic pipe; 515. Circulating liquid pipe; 516. Pressure boosting pump; 5 17. Abutting block; 52. Pre-positioning part; 521. Slide frame; 522. Rack; 523. Air hole; 524. Third motor; 53. Transport part; 531. Rubber roller; 532. Limiting frame; 533. Fourth motor; 534. Extension shaft; 54. Impurity removal part; 541. One-way limiting block; 542. Stop bar; 543. Connecting telescopic tube; 544. Blower; 6. Storage mechanism; 601. Storage bin; 602. Semi-arc slide rail; 603. Drive belt; 604. L-shaped push rod. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 A method for blasting construction of hard rock tunnels for highways, S1: Preparation: Clear the construction site, set up temporary facilities, ensure the safety and accessibility of the construction site, and prepare blasting equipment and materials, including drilling machines, detonators, and blasting agents.

[0038] S2: Drilling: Drilling holes in the tunnel working face using a drilling machine, and controlling the hole positions and drilling depth according to design requirements.

[0039] S3: Filling and charging: The filling mechanism 5 automatically fills the blasting detonator into the borehole and controls the amount and density of the charge according to the design requirements.

[0040] S4: Detonation and blasting: Connect the wires and detonators, carry out the blasting operation, and wait for an appropriate time after the blast to ensure that the smoke and dust dissipate and the rocks stabilize.

[0041] S5: Cleanup and Monitoring: After blasting, clean up the rubble and debris inside the tunnel to prepare for subsequent support and reinforcement work, and monitor the tunnel structure and surrounding environment to ensure safety and environmental protection.

[0042] The above-mentioned S3 is completed using a highway hard rock tunnel blasting construction device. The highway hard rock tunnel blasting construction device includes a mobile base 1, a material storage base 2 is fixedly installed on the left rear end of the mobile base 1, and a support frame 3 is fixedly installed on the upper end face of the mobile base 1. The support frame 3 is equipped with an adjustment mechanism 4 for automatically installing blasting detonators on different hard rock tunnel construction faces. The adjustment mechanism 4 includes an angle adjustment part 41 set on the support frame 3, and an length adjustment part 42 set on the angle adjustment part 41.

[0043] Please see Figure 2 The adjusting mechanism 4 is equipped with a filling mechanism 5 for cleaning the borehole before installing the explosive detonator and increasing the accuracy and safety of the installation. The filling mechanism 5 includes a fixing part 51 that is slidably installed on the length adjusting part 42 for fixing the position of the explosive detonator according to the borehole. The fixing part 51 is equipped with a pre-positioning part 52 for pre-positioning the borehole depth. The pre-positioning part 52 is equipped with a transport part 53. The pre-positioning part 52 and the storage base 2 are equipped with impurity removal parts 54.

[0044] Please see Figure 2 The storage base 2 is equipped with a storage mechanism 6 that automatically installs explosive detonators in conjunction with the adjustment mechanism 4.

[0045] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 9 The storage mechanism 6 includes a storage bin 601, a semi-circular slide rail 602, a drive belt 603, and L-shaped push rods 604. The storage bin 601 is fixedly installed on the upper end face of the bracket, and the storage bin 601 includes a conical bin, a triangular bin, and a circular groove from top to bottom. The semi-circular slide rail 602 is fixedly installed on the front end face of the circular groove, and the semi-circular slide rail 602 and the circular groove are together provided with a sliding groove. The front end of the semi-circular slide rail 602 corresponds to the fixed ring on the rear side. The drive belt 603 is provided directly below the storage bin 601 and the semi-circular slide rail 602. Several L-shaped push rods 604 are fixedly installed on the drive belt 603 in a linear array along its surface, and the L-shaped push rods 604 are slidably connected in the sliding groove.

[0046] In practice, before installing explosive detonators in the borehole, the explosive detonators are neatly placed in the storage bin 601. At this time, since the adjustment mechanism 4 is not activated, the fixing ring at the rear end of the slide frame 521 is placed in the semi-circular slide rail 602. Then, the drive belt 603 can be activated to move the L-shaped push rod 604. When the L-shaped push rod 604 reaches the rear end of the slide rail, it will continue to move forward and push an explosive detonator in the circular groove forward. Guided by the semi-circular slide rail 602, an explosive detonator is finally pushed into the slide frame 521.

[0047] During the process of the explosive detonator entering, the stop bar 542 will be squeezed inward and rotated inward. After the explosive detonator is fully entered, the stop bar 542 will spring back under the action of the hinge. The one-way limiting block 541 at the rear restricts the springback direction of the stop bar 542, so that the stop bar 542 will prevent the explosive detonator from sliding off its rear side during the movement of the adjusting mechanism 4 with the slide frame 521.

[0048] When a detonator is removed from the circular slot, the detonators placed inside will slide into the circular slot under the action of the inclined surface of the triangular compartment. When the next detonator slides into the circular slot, the detonators in the conical compartment will no longer move. At this time, we can wait for the next detonator to be filled into the slide frame 521.

[0049] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The angle adjustment part 41 includes a central rotating shaft 411, a first motor 412, and a rotation limiting plate 413. The central rotating shaft 411, which runs through both ends of the support frame 3, is rotatably mounted on the support frame 3. A first gear located at the rear side of the support frame 3 is fixedly sleeved on the central rotating shaft 411. The first motor 412 is fixedly mounted on the support frame 3. A second gear that meshes with the first gear is fixedly sleeved on the output end of the first motor 412. The rotation limiting plate 413 is rotatably mounted on the output end of the first motor 412 and the rear end of the central rotating shaft 411 through a bearing.

[0050] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The length adjustment unit 42 includes a hydraulic cylinder 421, a slide arm 422, a second motor 423, and a first slider 424. The hydraulic cylinder 421 is fixedly installed at the front end of the central rotating shaft 411. The slide arm 422 is fixedly installed at the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder 421. A screw is rotatably installed inside the slide arm 422. The second motor 423 is fixedly installed on the slide arm 422. The output end of the second motor 423 is fixedly connected to the screw. The first slider 424 is slidably installed inside the slide arm 422. The first slider 424 is threadedly connected to the screw.

[0051] In specific operations, after the blasting detonator is filled into the slide frame 521, the movable base 1 is activated to move to the corresponding construction position according to the required drilling hole. For the construction face of the highway hard rock tunnel, the first motor 412 is activated to rotate the central shaft 411 through the cooperation of the first gear and the second gear. The central shaft 411 rotates the slide frame 521 in different directions with the hydraulic cylinder 421 as the center, so that the angle can be adjusted. During the rotation, the rotation limiting plate 413 ensures that the first motor 412 can always drive the central shaft 411.

[0052] During angle adjustment, the distance between the slide arm 422 and the central rotating shaft 411 can be adjusted by extending and retracting the hydraulic cylinder 421. By starting the second motor 423, it rotates through the screw, causing the first slider 424 to slide within the slide arm 422. Adjusting the distance between the fixed cylinder 511 and the central rotating shaft 411 allows for length adjustment. At this time, the distance between the slide arm 422, the fixed cylinder 511, and the central rotating shaft 411 can be limited by controlling the second motor 423 and the hydraulic cylinder 421. Simultaneously, the angle of the slide arm 422 and the fixed cylinder 511 can be adjusted by the first motor 412 to completely cover the construction surface of different highway hard rock tunnels, enhancing the practicality of the device. Furthermore, the automatic mechanical installation of detonators improves work efficiency, saves a lot of time and costs, reduces the time and risks for personnel at the blasting site, and ensures the accuracy and stability of the installation operation.

[0053] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The fixed hole section 51 includes a fixed cylinder 511, a loading cylinder 512, a slide 513, a hydraulic pipe 514, a ring liquid pipe 515, a pressure boosting pump 516, and a stop block 517. The fixed cylinder 511 is fixedly installed on the upper end face of the first slide block 424, and the inner wall of the fixed cylinder 511 is provided with left and right symmetrical limiting slides. The inner wall of the fixed cylinder 511 is provided with a through groove. The loading cylinder 512 is fixedly installed on the front end face of the fixed cylinder 511, and a plurality of slides are fixedly installed on the front end face of the loading cylinder 512 in a circumferential array. A hydraulic pipe 514 with its front end located inside the slide 513 is fixedly installed on the frame 513 and the loading cylinder 512. A piston rod is provided at the front end of the hydraulic pipe 514, and a ring liquid pipe 515 is installed at the rear end of the hydraulic pipe 514. A pressure boosting pump 516 is fixedly installed on the first slider 424, and the input end of the pressure boosting pump 516 is interconnected with the ring liquid pipe 515. A sliding block 517 is slidably installed inside the slide 513, and the sliding block 517 includes an L-shaped sliding rod and a semi-circular rubber plate. The L-shaped sliding rod is fixedly connected to the piston rod.

[0054] In actual operation, when the fixed cylinder 511 is brought to the front of the drill hole through the cooperation of the angle adjustment part 41 and the length adjustment part 42, the moving base 1 is activated again so that the slide 513 is attached to the wall around the drill hole through the fixed cylinder 511. At this time, the semi-circular rubber plates on the loading cylinder 512 are close to each other and located in the center of the drill hole.

[0055] Next, the pressure boosting pump 516 is started, which pressurizes several hydraulic pipes 514 simultaneously through the annular liquid pipe 515. This causes the hydraulic pipes 514 to push the piston rod outward, and through it, the L-shaped slide rod slides outward continuously within the slide frame 513. Finally, the surrounding semi-circular rubber plate is used to lock the drill hole from the inside, thereby fixing the position of the fixed cylinder 511 at the drill hole and calibrating the installation position.

[0056] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 The prepositioning part 52 includes a slide tube frame 521, a rack 522, air holes 523 and a third motor 524. The slide tube frame 521 is slidably installed in the left and right symmetrical limiting slides. The slide tube frame 521 includes left and right symmetrical slide tubes, upper and lower symmetrical arc plates and front and rear symmetrical fixing rings. The rack 522 is fixedly installed on the lower end face of the lower arc plate. The third motor 524 is fixedly installed on the first slider 424. The output end of the third motor 524 is fixedly sleeved with a third gear located in the groove. The third gear meshes with the rack 522. The front ends of the left and right symmetrical slide tubes are close to each other on one side and have a number of air holes 523 in a linear array.

[0057] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 The impurity removal unit 54 includes a one-way limiting block 541, a stop bar 542, a connecting telescopic tube 543, and a blower 544. Several one-way limiting blocks 541 are fixedly installed in a circumferential array on the inner wall of the rear fixing ring. The stop bar 542 is rotatably installed on the side of the one-way limiting blocks 541 that are close to each other through a hinge. The rear ends of the left and right symmetrical slide tubes are fixedly connected to the connecting telescopic tube 543, and the connecting telescopic tube 543 is connected to the air hole 523 through the slide tube. The blower 544 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the storage base 2 through a bracket, and the output end of the blower 544 is fixedly connected to the connecting telescopic tube 543.

[0058] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 The transport section 53 includes rubber rollers 531, a limiting frame 532, a fourth motor 533, and an extension shaft 534. Several rubber rollers 531 are rotatably mounted on one side wall of the upper and lower symmetrical arc plates that are close to each other in a linear array. The rubber rollers 531 rotate synchronously with the first belt through a first pulley. An extension shaft 534 is fixedly mounted at the center of the rubber rollers 531 on the upper and lower rear ends. The extension shafts 534 on the upper and lower rear ends rotate synchronously with the second belt through a second pulley. A limiting frame 532 is fixedly mounted on the fixed ring on the rear side. A fourth motor 533 is fixedly mounted on the limiting frame 532. The output end of the fourth motor 533 is fixedly connected to the upper extension shaft 534.

[0059] In actual operation, after the installation position is fixed, the third motor 524 is started so that the slide frame 521 is inserted into the borehole through the cooperation of the rack 522 and the third gear. When the front end of the slide frame 521 contacts the deepest part of the borehole, the detonator inside the slide frame 521 is still at the rear end of the slide frame 521. The third motor 524 is stopped. During the sliding process, the limiting slide rail and the slide tube cooperate to ensure the smoothness of the slide frame 521 sliding.

[0060] When the slide tube frame 521 contacts the deepest part of the borehole, the air hole 523 on the slide tube is also located at the deepest part of the borehole. At this time, the blower 544 is started to draw in outside air and supply air to the slide tube through the connecting telescopic pipe 543. The gas is then ejected from the inside to the outside through the air hole 523. Before the detonator is installed, the strong airflow ejected through the air hole 523 removes the residual rock cuttings, mud or other impurities in the hole from the inside to the outside, reducing the gap between the detonator and the rock. This allows the blasting energy to be fully transferred to achieve the expected rock drilling effect, thereby improving the progress and quality of subsequent projects.

[0061] After the impurities are removed, the blower 544 is stopped. Simultaneously, the fourth motor 533 is started in both directions, causing it to rotate the extension shaft 534 connected to it in both directions. Through the second pulley and the second belt, the rubber rollers 531 on the upper and lower rear sides rotate synchronously. During the rotation, through the first pulley and the first belt, several rubber rollers 531 on the upper and lower sides rotate synchronously, thus controlling their movement speed. When the third motor 524 is started in reverse to retract the slide frame 521, the speed of the rubber rollers 531 moving the detonator is controlled by adjusting the speed of the fourth motor 533. This controls the position of the detonator in the borehole. Before installing the detonator, the required installation position is fixed according to the hole, and the depth of the hole is pre-positioned by the extended slide frame 521. This ensures that the detonator is correctly placed at the appropriate depth in each borehole, thereby improving the accuracy of blasting and increasing the efficiency of construction operations. It also ensures the consistency of the installation process in each borehole, making the blasting effect of each borehole more reliable and predictable.

[0062] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for blasting construction of hard rock tunnels for highways, characterized in that: S1: Preparation: Clear the construction site, set up temporary facilities, ensure the safety and unobstructed access of the construction site, and prepare blasting equipment and materials, including drilling machines, detonators, and blasting agents. S2: Drilling: Drilling holes in the tunnel working face using a drilling machine, and controlling the hole location and drilling depth according to design requirements; S3: Filling and charging: The blasting detonator is automatically filled into the borehole by the filling mechanism (5), and the amount and density of the charge are controlled according to the design requirements; S4: Detonation and blasting: Connect the wires and detonators, carry out the blasting operation, and wait for an appropriate time after the blast to ensure that the smoke and dust dissipate and the rocks are stable; S5: Cleaning and Monitoring: After blasting, clean up the rubble and debris inside the tunnel to prepare for subsequent support and reinforcement work, and monitor the tunnel structure and surrounding environment to ensure safety and environmental protection. The above S3 is completed with the assistance of a highway hard rock tunnel blasting construction device. The highway hard rock tunnel blasting construction device includes a mobile base (1), a material storage base (2) is fixedly installed on the left rear end of the mobile base (1), a support frame (3) is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the mobile base (1), and an adjustment mechanism (4) is provided on the support frame (3) for automatically installing blasting detonators on different hard rock tunnel construction faces. The adjustment mechanism (4) includes an angle adjustment part (41) provided on the support frame (3), and an length adjustment part (42) is provided on the angle adjustment part (41). The adjustment mechanism (4) is equipped with a filling mechanism (5) for cleaning the borehole before installing the blasting detonator and increasing the accuracy and safety of the blasting detonator installation. The filling mechanism (5) includes a hole-fixing part (51) that is slidably installed on the length adjustment part (42) for fixing the position of the explosive detonator according to the borehole. The hole-fixing part (51) is provided with a pre-positioning part (52) for pre-positioning the borehole depth. The pre-positioning part (52) is provided with a transport part (53). The pre-positioning part (52) and the storage base (2) are provided with impurity removal parts (54). The storage base (2) is equipped with a storage mechanism (6) that automatically installs explosive detonators in conjunction with the adjustment mechanism (4); The length adjustment unit (42) includes a hydraulic cylinder (421), a slide arm (422), a second motor (423), and a first slider (424). The fixed hole part (51) includes a fixed cylinder (511), a loading cylinder (512), a slide (513), a hydraulic pipe (514), a ring liquid pipe (515), a pressure boosting pump (516), and a sliding block (517). The fixed cylinder (511) is fixedly installed on the upper end face of the first sliding block (424), and the inner wall of the fixed cylinder (511) is provided with left and right symmetrical limiting slides. The inner wall of the fixed cylinder (511) is provided with a through groove. The loading cylinder (512) is fixedly installed on the front end face of the fixed cylinder (511), and several loading cylinders (512) are fixedly installed on the front end face of the loading cylinder (512) in a circumferential array. The slide (513) has a hydraulic pipe (514) with its front end located inside the slide (513) fixedly installed on the loading cylinder (512), and a piston rod is provided at the front end of the hydraulic pipe (514). A ring liquid pipe (515) is installed at the rear end of the hydraulic pipe (514). A pressure boosting pump (516) is fixedly installed on the first slider (424), and the input end of the pressure boosting pump (516) is interconnected with the ring liquid pipe (515). A sliding block (517) is slidably installed inside the slide (513), and the sliding block (517) includes an L-shaped sliding rod and a semi-circular rubber plate. The L-shaped sliding rod is fixedly connected to the piston rod.

2. The highway hard rock tunnel blasting construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle adjustment part (41) includes a central rotating shaft (411), a first motor (412) and a rotation limiting plate (413). The central rotating shaft (411) is rotatably mounted on the support frame (3) and passes through its front and rear ends. A first gear located on the rear side of the support frame (3) is fixedly sleeved on the central rotating shaft (411). The first motor (412) is fixedly mounted on the support frame (3), and a second gear that meshes with the first gear is fixedly sleeved on the output end of the first motor (412). The rotation limiting plate (413) is rotatably mounted on the output end of the first motor (412) and the rear end of the central rotating shaft (411) through a bearing.

3. The highway hard rock tunnel blasting construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: A hydraulic cylinder (421) is fixedly installed at the front end of the central rotating shaft (411). A slide arm (422) is fixedly installed at the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder (421). A screw is rotatably installed inside the slide arm (422). A second motor (423) is fixedly installed on the slide arm (422). The output end of the second motor (423) is fixedly connected to the screw. A first slider (424) is slidably installed inside the slide arm (422). The first slider (424) is threadedly connected to the screw.

4. The highway hard rock tunnel blasting construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The prepositioning part (52) includes a slide frame (521), a rack (522), an air hole (523), and a third motor (524). The slide frame (521) is slidably installed in the left and right symmetrical limiting slides. The slide frame (521) includes left and right symmetrical slide tubes, upper and lower symmetrical arc plates, and front and rear symmetrical fixing rings. The lower end face of the lower arc plate is fixedly installed with a rack (522). The first slider (424) is fixedly installed with a third motor (524). The output end of the third motor (524) is fixedly sleeved with a third gear located in the groove. The third gear meshes with the rack (522). The front ends of the left and right symmetrical slide tubes are close to each other on one side and have several air holes (523) in a linear array.

5. The highway hard rock tunnel blasting construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The transport unit (53) includes rubber rollers (531), a limiting frame (532), a fourth motor (533), and an extension shaft (534). Several rubber rollers (531) are rotatably mounted on the side walls of the upper and lower symmetrical arc plates that are close to each other in a linear array. The rubber rollers (531) rotate synchronously with the first belt through a first pulley. An extension shaft (534) is fixedly mounted at the center of the rubber rollers (531) on the upper and lower rear ends. The extension shafts (534) on the upper and lower rear ends rotate synchronously with the second belt through a second pulley. A limiting frame (532) is fixedly mounted on the fixed ring on the rear side. A fourth motor (533) is fixedly mounted on the limiting frame (532), and the output end of the fourth motor (533) is fixedly connected to the upper extension shaft (534).

6. The highway hard rock tunnel blasting construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The impurity removal unit (54) includes a one-way limiting block (541), a stop bar (542), a connecting telescopic tube (543), and a blower (544). Several one-way limiting blocks (541) are fixedly installed in a circumferential array on the inner wall of the fixed ring on the rear side. The one-way limiting blocks (541) are rotatably installed on the side that is close to each other through a hinge. The two symmetrical sliding tubes are fixedly connected to the connecting telescopic tube (543) at their rear ends. The connecting telescopic tube (543) is connected to the air hole (523) through the sliding tube. The upper end of the storage base (2) is fixedly installed with a support. The output end of the blower (544) is fixedly connected to the connecting telescopic tube (543).

7. The highway hard rock tunnel blasting construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The storage mechanism (6) includes a storage bin (601), a semi-circular slide rail (602), a drive belt (603), and an L-shaped push rod (604). The storage bin (601) is fixedly installed on the upper end face of the bracket. The storage bin (601) includes a conical bin, a triangular bin, and a circular groove from top to bottom. The semi-circular slide rail (602) is fixedly installed on the front end face of the circular groove. The semi-circular slide rail (602) and the circular groove are provided with a sliding groove. The front end of the semi-circular slide rail (602) corresponds to the fixed ring on the rear side. The drive belt (603) is provided directly below the storage bin (601) and the semi-circular slide rail (602). Several L-shaped push rods (604) are fixedly installed on the drive belt (603) in a linear array along its surface. The L-shaped push rods (604) are slidably connected in the sliding groove.

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