A lithium battery material sorting device

Abstract

The application discloses a lithium battery material sorting device, which comprises a coarse pulverizer, a roller sorting machine, a fine pulverizer and a three-phase sorting mechanism, the coarse pulverizer is connected with the roller sorting machine through a discharge end, the roller sorting machine is connected with the three-phase sorting mechanism through the fine pulverizer, the three-phase sorting mechanism comprises an airflow sorting mechanism, a gravity conveying sorting mechanism and a spiral multi-stage sorting mechanism, the gravity conveying sorting mechanism is connected below the airflow sorting mechanism, and the spiral multi-stage sorting mechanism is connected above the gravity conveying sorting mechanism and used for material sorting. The lithium battery material sorting device has the advantages of novel structure, convenience and practicality, and can realize the purpose of fine sorting.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the field of waste lithium battery recycling, and particularly relates to a lithium battery material sorting device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Lithium batteries are generally divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries: lithium metal batteries generally use manganese dioxide as a positive material, metal lithium or its alloy metal as a negative material, and use a non-aqueous electrolyte solution; lithium ion batteries: lithium ion batteries generally use lithium alloy metal oxide as a positive material, graphite as a negative material, and use a non-aqueous electrolyte.

[0003] The existing lithium battery recycling process includes coarse crushing, screening, fine crushing and sorting. The lithium battery materials include aluminum, steel, copper foil, aluminum foil, graphite, lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary, lithium manganate and other materials. The lithium battery crushing and preliminary powder screening process is relatively fixed, and the subsequent fine crushing and sorting process is relatively various. Generally, vibration screening or optical sorting is adopted. The efficiency of vibration screening and optical sorting is generally low. In the case of fast input speed, the material is prone to accumulation, resulting in disordered sorting. Although optical sorting is more accurate, the device is relatively complex, resulting in high maintenance and power production costs. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the application is to provide a lithium battery material sorting device which is novel, convenient and practical. The device performs air separation through an air flow sorting mechanism to sort the battery particles once to separate the particles with similar size and weight. The device further separates the similar materials through a gravity conveying sorting mechanism to achieve fine sorting.

[0005] A lithium battery material sorting device includes a coarse crusher, a drum sorter, a fine crusher and a three-phase sorting mechanism. The coarse crusher is connected to the drum sorter at the discharge end. The drum sorter is connected to the three-phase sorting mechanism through the fine crusher. The three-phase sorting mechanism includes an air flow sorting mechanism, a gravity conveying sorting mechanism and a spiral multi-stage sorting mechanism. The gravity conveying sorting mechanism is connected below the air flow sorting mechanism. The spiral multi-stage sorting mechanism is connected above the gravity conveying sorting mechanism and used for material sorting.

[0006] Further, the gravity conveying sorting mechanism comprises a hopper, a guide pipe, a strip accelerating box, a vibrator, a dispersion plate, a belt conveyor and a human-shaped material distribution pipe, the hopper is connected to the lower side of the airflow sorting mechanism, one end of the guide pipe is connected to the hopper and the other end is connected to the middle of the strip accelerating box, the vibrator is installed in the strip accelerating box and the top is connected to the dispersion plate, the dispersion plate is arranged below the guide pipe, two ends of the belt conveyor are respectively arranged below the two sides of the dispersion plate, the belt conveyor is arranged in the strip accelerating box, and two human-shaped material distribution pipes are respectively connected to the two ends of the strip accelerating box.

[0007] Further, the guide pipe is provided with a quantitative gate valve.

[0008] Further, the human-shaped material distribution pipe is provided with an adjusting and separating device, the adjusting and separating device comprises a material distribution adjusting plate and an adjusting bolt, the material distribution adjusting plate is hinged in the human-shaped material distribution pipe and is used for battery powder sorting, and one end of the adjusting bolt penetrates through the human-shaped material distribution pipe and is movably connected to the material distribution adjusting plate.

[0009] Further, the spiral multi-stage sorting mechanism comprises a high-pressure gas auxiliary feeding pipe, a guide coil pipe, a sorter, a gate valve and a high-pressure gas nozzle, the high-pressure gas nozzle is installed in the high-pressure gas auxiliary feeding pipe, one end of the human-shaped material distribution pipe is connected to the upper side of the high-pressure gas auxiliary feeding pipe, the gate valve is connected to the high-pressure gas nozzle, the guide coil pipe is sleeved on the sorter, and two ends of the guide coil pipe are respectively connected to the sorter and the high-pressure gas auxiliary feeding pipe.

[0010] Further, the sorter comprises a sorting tank, a second exhaust pipe, a discharge pipe, a collecting hopper, a side discharge pipe, a fixing frame, an adjusting pipe, a sealing sleeve and a fixing bolt, the discharge pipe is connected to the lower end of the sorting tank, one end of the adjusting pipe is connected to the second exhaust pipe and the other end penetrates through the sorting tank and the collecting hopper, a plurality of strip-shaped air suction holes are formed in the adjusting pipe, the adjusting pipe is fixed to the sorting tank through the fixing bolt, the sealing sleeve is sleeved on the adjusting pipe and is used for sealing the strip-shaped air suction holes, the collecting hopper is fixed in the sorting tank through the fixing frame, one end of the guide coil pipe is communicated with one side of the sorting tank and is located at one side of the collecting hopper, and one end of the side discharge pipe is connected to the bottom of the collecting hopper and the other end penetrates through the side wall of the sorting tank.

[0011] Further, a sleeve pipe through which the adjusting pipe penetrates is further arranged in the collecting hopper and one end of the sleeve pipe penetrates through the bottom of the collecting hopper.

[0012] Further, a plurality of air suction holes are arranged on the end of the adjusting pipe close to the discharge pipe.

[0013] Further, the airflow sorting mechanism comprises an airflow feeding pipe, a material distribution pipe and a first exhaust pipe, the airflow feeding pipe is connected to one end of the material distribution pipe, and a plurality of first exhaust pipes are connected to the other end of the material distribution pipe.

[0014] Further, a plurality of air holes are arranged on one side of the upper top of the human-shaped distribution pipe, and a gas control cloth covers the plurality of air holes. Beneficial effects

[0015] (1) The lithium battery material sorting device has novel structure, is convenient and practical, and can realize fine sorting by air classification through the air flow sorting mechanism to sort the battery granular materials once to separate the granular materials with close size and weight, and then separate the relatively close materials again through the gravity conveying sorting mechanism to achieve the purpose of fine sorting.

[0016] (2) The lithium battery material sorting device can separate the adhered materials by making the granular materials convey along the guide disc pipe and collide with the inner wall to separate the adhered materials, and make the materials enter the sorting tank in the form of cyclone upward through the air flow, so that the relatively heavy materials enter the discharge pipe, the materials with medium weight enter the material collecting hopper, and the light powder is discharged through the exhaust pipe, so that the purpose of accurate sorting is achieved.

[0017] (3) The lithium battery material sorting device can change the air flow in the sorting tank and the rotation speed of the air flow by adjusting the height of the adjusting pipe, so that the device is suitable for screening materials with different densities, and the screening effect is improved.

[0018] (4) The lithium battery material sorting device can screen materials with different requirements through the air flow sorting mechanism, the gravity conveying sorting mechanism and the spiral multi-stage sorting mechanism, so that the screening efficiency and precision are improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic view of the sorting device;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a side structural schematic view of the sorting device;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic view of the gravity conveying sorting mechanism;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic view of the spiral multi-stage sorting mechanism;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic view of the material collecting hopper;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a sectional view of the adjusting pipe;

[0025] 1-Airflow sorting mechanism, 11-Airflow feeding pipe, 12-Distribution pipe, 13-First exhaust pipe, 2-Gravity conveying sorting mechanism, 21-Hopper, 22-Guide pipe, 23-Strip acceleration box, 24-Vibrator, 25-Dispersion plate, 26-Belt conveyor, 27-Human-shaped distribution pipe, 28-Distribution adjustment plate, 29-Adjusting bolt, 3-Spiral multi-stage sorting mechanism, 31-High-pressure air-assisted feeding pipe, 32-Guide coil, 33-Sorter, 34-Sorting tank, 35-Second exhaust pipe, 36-Discharge pipe, 37-Collection hopper, 38-Side discharge pipe, 39-Fixed frame, 310-Adjusting pipe, 311-Strip suction hole, 312-Sealing sleeve, 313-Fixed bolt, 314-Suction hole, 315-Sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown; a lithium battery material sorting device includes a coarse crusher, a drum separator, a fine crusher, and a three-phase sorting mechanism. The discharge end of the coarse crusher is connected to the feed end of the drum separator. The drum separator is connected to the three-phase sorting mechanism through the fine crusher. The three-phase sorting mechanism includes an airflow sorting mechanism 1, a gravity conveying sorting mechanism 2, and a spiral multi-stage sorting mechanism 3. Several gravity conveying sorting mechanisms 2 are connected below the airflow sorting mechanism 1, and several spiral multi-stage sorting mechanisms 3 are connected on the gravity conveying sorting mechanism 2 and used for material sorting.

[0028] The coarse pulverizer pulverizes the battery into strips, allowing the powder inside the battery to be screened out by the drum separator. Materials such as aluminum, steel, copper foil, or aluminum foil are screened out and fed into the fine pulverizer for further pulverization, reducing the battery to particles of 1mm to 5mm. The finely pulverized battery material is mixed with high-pressure gas and introduced into the airflow separation mechanism 1 for airflow separation, allowing materials of different sizes and weights to be separated and entered into the corresponding gravity conveying separation mechanism 2. The materials are then accelerated for further separation. The separated materials are then carried by high-pressure gas into the spiral multi-stage separation mechanism 3 for further separation, thereby increasing the separation speed while reducing the separation error rate.

[0029] In another embodiment of the present application, the gravity conveying sorting mechanism 2 comprises a hopper 21, a guide pipe 22, a strip accelerating box 23, a vibrator 24, a dispersion plate 25, a belt conveyor 26 and a human-shaped distribution pipe 27, the hopper 21 is connected to the lower side of the airflow sorting mechanism 1, one end of the guide pipe 22 is connected to the hopper 21 and the other end is connected to the middle of the strip accelerating box 23, the vibrator 24 is installed in the strip accelerating box 23 and the top is connected to the dispersion plate 25, the dispersion plate 25 is arranged below the guide pipe 22, two ends of the belt conveyor 26 are respectively arranged below the two sides of the dispersion plate 25, the belt conveyor 26 is arranged in the strip accelerating box 23, and two human-shaped distribution pipes 27 are respectively connected to the two ends of the strip accelerating box 23; the guide pipe 22 is provided with a quantitative gate valve; the human-shaped distribution pipe 27 is provided with an adjusting and separating device, the adjusting and separating device comprises a distribution adjusting plate 28 and an adjusting bolt 29, the distribution adjusting plate 28 is hinged in the human-shaped distribution pipe 27 and is used for battery powder sorting, and one end of the adjusting bolt 29 penetrates through the human-shaped distribution pipe 27 and is movably connected with the distribution adjusting plate 28.

[0030] Specifically, the particle materials after being sorted by the airflow sorting mechanism 1 enter the guide pipe 22 through the hopper 21, the particle materials in the guide pipe 22 are quantitatively fed onto the dispersion plate 25 through the quantitative gate valve, the dispersion plate 25 is vibrated by the vibrator 24, so that the particle materials thereon are uniformly dropped on the belt conveyors 26 on the two sides, the particle materials are quickly ejected by the belt conveyors 26, and the ejected particle materials are guided out of the two outlets of the human-shaped distribution pipe 27 into the spiral multi-stage sorting mechanism 3 for sorting, the sorting is mainly performed according to the fact that materials with different weights and densities are faster in falling at different speeds; the angle of the distribution adjusting plate 28 is adjusted by the adjusting bolt 29, so that the ejection paths of the heavier materials and the lighter materials are separated.

[0031] In another embodiment of the present application, the spiral multi-stage sorting mechanism 3 comprises a high-pressure gas auxiliary feeding pipe 31, a guide disc pipe 32, a sorter 33, a gate valve and a high-pressure gas nozzle, the high-pressure gas nozzle is installed in the high-pressure gas auxiliary feeding pipe 31, one end of the human-shaped distribution pipe 27 is connected with the upper side of the high-pressure gas auxiliary feeding pipe 31, the gate valve is connected with the high-pressure gas nozzle, the guide disc pipe 32 is sleeved on the sorter 33, and two ends of the guide disc pipe 32 are respectively connected with the sorter 33 and the high-pressure gas auxiliary feeding pipe 31; the sorter 33 comprises a sorting tank 34, a second exhaust pipe 35, a discharge pipe 36, a collecting hopper 37, a side discharge pipe 38, a fixing frame 39, an adjusting pipe 310, a sealing sleeve 312 and a fixing bolt 313, the discharge pipe 36 is connected with the lower end of the sorting tank 34, one end of the adjusting pipe 310 is connected with the second exhaust pipe 35 and the other end penetrates through the sorting tank 34 and the collecting hopper 37, a plurality of strip-shaped air suction holes 311 are formed in the adjusting pipe 310, the adjusting pipe 310 is fixed on the sorting tank 34 through the fixing bolt 313, the sealing sleeve 312 is sleeved on the adjusting pipe 310 and is used for sealing the strip-shaped air suction holes 311, the collecting hopper 37 is fixed in the sorting tank 34 through the fixing frame 39, one end of the guide disc pipe 32 is communicated with one side of the sorting tank 34 and is located at one side of the collecting hopper 37, one end of the side discharge pipe 38 is connected with the bottom of the collecting hopper 37 and the other end penetrates through the side wall of the sorting tank 34; the adjusting pipe 310 further comprises a sleeve pipe 315, the sleeve pipe 315 is arranged in the collecting hopper 37 and penetrates through the bottom of the collecting hopper 37, and a plurality of air suction holes 314 are formed in the end of the adjusting pipe 310 close to the discharge pipe 36.

[0032] Specifically, the granular material is introduced into the high-pressure gas auxiliary feeding pipe 31 through the human-shaped distribution pipe 27 after being sorted by weight feeding, and is guided into the guide disc pipe 32 by high-pressure gas, so that the high-speed moving material forms spiral rolling impact in the guide disc pipe 32, so as to achieve the impact dispersion of the materials adhered together, and the material adhesion is mainly caused by the extrusion shear and electrostatic adsorption of the material during crushing. After the material is dispersed and separated, it enters the sorting tank 34, and the high-speed flying material after entering moves at high speed between the material collecting hopper 37 and the inner wall of the sorting tank 34, while the heavier material falls through the discharge pipe 36, and the lighter material rises. After rising, the space increases, causing the flow rate of the gas flow to decrease, so that the material falls into the material collecting hopper 37, and is guided out through the side discharge pipe 38, and the powder material is guided out through the second exhaust pipe 35. The guide disc pipe 32 needs to be tangent to the side wall of the sorting tank 34, so that the material can form a vortex after being introduced into the sorting tank 34 with high-pressure gas. The material moves in a vortex shape, which can better disperse and separate the materials, and can more effectively disperse the materials with similar weights. By changing the height of the adjusting pipe 310, the positions of the strip-shaped air suction hole 311 and the air suction hole 314 on the adjusting pipe 310 are adjusted to the upper and lower sides of the material collecting hopper 37. The strip-shaped air suction hole 311 and the air suction hole 314 need to be adjusted according to the particle size of the material. Generally, the strip-shaped air suction hole 311 and the air suction hole 314 are adjusted to the upper side of the material collecting hopper 37, and the air suction hole 314 needs to be used as much as possible to reduce the suction force to avoid affecting the adsorption airflow formed by the strip-shaped air suction hole 311.

[0033] In another embodiment of the present application, the airflow sorting mechanism 1 comprises an airflow feeding pipe 11, a distribution pipe 12 and a first exhaust pipe 13. The airflow feeding pipe 11 is connected to one end of the distribution pipe 12, and the other end of the distribution pipe 12 is connected to a plurality of first exhaust pipes 13. A plurality of air holes are provided on one side of the top of the human-shaped distribution pipe 27, and a gas control cloth is covered on the plurality of air holes.

[0034] Specifically, the airflow feeding pipe 11 blows the crushed lithium battery material and gas into the distribution pipe 12. The lithium battery material falls into the corresponding gravity feeding and sorting mechanism 2 due to the weight, size and density after entering the distribution pipe 12, and the first exhaust pipe 13 guides the powder material out. The first exhaust pipe 13 is connected to an exhaust pump to increase the exhaust speed. By setting the air holes, the human-shaped distribution pipe 27 and the strip-shaped accelerating box 23 do not form a negative pressure condition, which avoids the concentration of the material due to negative pressure when the quantitative gate valve on the guide pipe 22 is opened. By covering the gas control cloth on the air holes, the gas entering through the air holes does not affect the material sorting.

[0035] The above detailed description of the application is only exemplary, and the application is not limited to the above described specific embodiments. Any equivalent modifications and substitutions made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the application. Therefore, equivalent transformations and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the application are included in the scope of the application.

Claims

1. A lithium battery material sorting device, comprising a coarse crusher, a roller sorting machine, a fine crusher and a three-phase sorting mechanism, the coarse crusher is connected with the roller sorting machine through the discharge end, the roller sorting machine is connected with the three-phase sorting mechanism through the fine crusher, characterized in that: The three-phase sorting mechanism comprises an airflow sorting mechanism (1), a gravity conveying sorting mechanism (2) and a spiral multi-stage sorting mechanism (3), a plurality of gravity conveying sorting mechanisms (2) are connected below the airflow sorting mechanism (1), and a plurality of spiral multi-stage sorting mechanisms (3) are connected to the gravity conveying sorting mechanism (2) and used for material sorting; the gravity conveying sorting mechanism (2) comprises a hopper (21), a material guide pipe (22), a strip-shaped accelerating box (23), a vibrator (24), a dispersion plate (25), a belt conveyor (26) and a human-shaped material distribution pipe (27), the hopper (21) is connected to the lower side of the airflow sorting mechanism (1), one end of the material guide pipe (22) is connected to the hopper (21) and the other end is connected to the middle part of the strip-shaped accelerating box (23), the vibrator (24) is installed in the strip-shaped accelerating box (23) and the top part is connected to the dispersion plate (25), the dispersion plate (25) is arranged below the material guide pipe (22), two belt conveyors (26) are arranged below the two sides of the dispersion plate (25) respectively, the belt conveyor (26) is arranged in the strip-shaped accelerating box (23), and two human-shaped material distribution pipes (27) are connected to the two ends of the strip-shaped accelerating box (23) respectively; the spiral multi-stage sorting mechanism (3) comprises a high-pressure gas auxiliary feeding pipe (31), a material guide coil pipe (32), a sorter (33), a gate valve and a high-pressure gas nozzle, the high-pressure gas nozzle is installed in the high-pressure gas auxiliary feeding pipe (31), one end of the human-shaped material distribution pipe (27) is connected to the upper side of the high-pressure gas auxiliary feeding pipe (31), the gate valve is connected to the high-pressure gas nozzle, the material guide coil pipe (32) is sleeved on the sorter (33), and two ends of the material guide coil pipe (32) are connected to the sorter (33) and the high-pressure gas auxiliary feeding pipe (31) respectively; the sorter (33) comprises a sorting tank (34), a second exhaust pipe (35), a discharge pipe (36), a material collecting hopper (37), a side discharge pipe (38), a fixing frame (39), an adjusting pipe (310), a sealing sleeve (312) and a fixing bolt (313), the discharge pipe (36) is connected to the lower end of the sorting tank (34), one end of the adjusting pipe (310) is connected to the second exhaust pipe (35) and the other end penetrates through the sorting tank (34) and the material collecting hopper (37), a plurality of strip-shaped air suction holes (311) are formed in the adjusting pipe (310), the adjusting pipe (310) is fixed to the sorting tank (34) through the fixing bolt (313), the sealing sleeve (312) is sleeved on the adjusting pipe (310) and used for sealing the strip-shaped air suction holes (311), the material collecting hopper (37) is fixed in the sorting tank (34) through the fixing frame (39), one end of the material guide coil pipe (32) is communicated with one side of the sorting tank (34) and located at one side of the material collecting hopper (37), and one end of the side discharge pipe (38) is connected to the bottom of the material collecting hopper (37) and the other end penetrates through the side wall of the sorting tank (34).

2. A lithium battery material sorting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: Quantitative gate valves are arranged on the material guide pipes (22).

3. A lithium battery material sorting device as claimed in claim 2, wherein: The human-shaped distribution pipe (27) is provided with an adjusting and separating device, which comprises a distribution adjusting plate (28) and an adjusting bolt (29). The distribution adjusting plate (28) is hinged in the human-shaped distribution pipe (27) and is used for battery powder distribution. One end of the adjusting bolt (29) penetrates through the human-shaped distribution pipe (27) and is movably connected with the distribution adjusting plate (28).

4. A lithium battery material sorting device as claimed in claim 3, wherein: A sleeve (315) for the adjusting pipe (310) to pass through is further included, which is arranged in the collecting hopper (37) and penetrates through the bottom of the collecting hopper (37).

5. A lithium battery material sorting device as claimed in claim 4, wherein: A plurality of air suction holes (314) are arranged on one end of the adjusting pipe (310) close to the discharge pipe (36).

6. A lithium battery material sorting device as claimed in claim 1 or 5, wherein: The air flow distribution mechanism (1) comprises an air flow feeding pipe (11), a distribution pipe (12) and a first exhaust pipe (13). The air flow feeding pipe (11) is connected to one end of the distribution pipe (12). The other end of the distribution pipe (12) is connected with a plurality of first exhaust pipes (13).

7. A lithium battery material sorting device as claimed in claim 6, wherein: A plurality of air holes are arranged on one side of the top of the human-shaped distribution pipe (27), and a gas control cloth covers the air holes.

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