A device for recovering waste crystalline silicon from photovoltaic modules

Abstract

The present invention discloses a device for recovering waste crystalline silicon from photovoltaic modules, comprising an outer shell, an inner shell, a collecting member, and a centrifugal assembly. The centrifugal assembly is composed of a fixing member and a mounting member. The interior of the mounting member is hollowed out to form a placement area, and the fixing member is composed of a supporting member and a blocking member. The device for recovering waste crystalline silicon from photovoltaic modules uses high-temperature heating to achieve heating and melt rubber and plastic components such as EVA and PVB. Furthermore, the mounting member can be fixed to the fixing member by the weight of multiple photovoltaic modules, without the need for special fixing. This allows for rapid installation, improving placement efficiency, shortening processing time, and improving recovery efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to photovoltaic module recycling technology, in particular to a device for recycling waste crystalline silicon of photovoltaic modules. Background Art

[0002] As an emerging clean energy, the solar photovoltaic industry has developed rapidly in recent years, but the recycling and disposal of waste photovoltaic modules has become an inevitable problem. As market demand continues to increase, people have also put forward higher requirements for the decomposition, recycling and disposal of photovoltaic modules.

[0003] The current process for disassembling and recycling photovoltaic modules involves placing the modules, with their frames and other external structures removed, into an incinerator for burning, thereby burning off rubber and plastic components such as EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) and PVB (polyvinyl butyral), as well as components made of combustible materials such as the backplane. The remaining metal materials, crystalline silicon materials, glass and other materials are then sorted out from the incinerated residues for recycling.

[0004] However, although the above-mentioned treatment method can meet the basic needs of photovoltaic module decomposition and recycling, a large amount of toxic gases will be generated during the incineration of rubber and plastic components such as EVA and PVB, as well as components supported by combustible materials such as backplanes, causing serious damage to the surrounding atmospheric environment. In addition, the chemical properties of the combustible materials after incineration have undergone fundamental changes and cannot be reused, resulting in material waste. The chemical properties of various crystalline silicon materials, metal materials and glass materials will also be denatured or damaged during the incineration process, which increases the difficulty of subsequent related recycling and processing work. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention proposes a waste crystalline silicon recovery device for photovoltaic modules.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0007] A device for recovering waste crystalline silicon of photovoltaic modules, characterized by comprising:

[0008] The shell is hollowed out inside, a sealing cover is provided on the shell, and an air inlet pipe is provided at the lower end of the shell.

[0009] An inner shell is arranged inside the outer shell, a heating area is formed between the inner shell and the outer shell, a heating pipe is arranged in the heating area, the middle of the inner shell is hollowed out to form a separation chamber, the separation chamber is communicated with the heating area, and the air inlet pipe is connected to the heating area.

[0010] A collecting piece connected to the lower end of the inner shell is communicated with the interior of the separation chamber. A collecting pipe is provided at the lower end of the collecting piece, and an exhaust pipe is provided on the collecting pipe.

[0011] and a centrifugal assembly arranged inside the separation chamber, the centrifugal assembly consisting of a fixing part and a mounting part, a motor is provided at the lower end of the inner shell, a motor shaft on the motor passes through the inner shell and is connected to the fixing part, a fixing assembly is provided on the fixing part, and the mounting part is arranged on the fixing part through the fixing assembly,

[0012] The interior of the mounting member is hollowed out to form a placement area, and a plurality of vertically arranged fixing rods are provided in the mounting area. A fixing plate is provided at the upper end of the mounting member, and the fixing plate and the mounting member are connected by a connecting rod. A plurality of first strip grooves are provided on the outer wall of the mounting member.

[0013] The fixing member is composed of a supporting member and a blocking member, the supporting member and the blocking member are arranged vertically, the middle of the supporting member is sunken to form a sinking groove, the mounting member is placed in the sinking groove, the sinking groove is provided with multiple second strip grooves, the blocking member is provided with a third strip groove, the first strip groove is arranged vertically to the second strip groove and the third strip groove,

[0014] The fixing assembly consists of a base, a cover, a pressing piece and a connecting piece. The connecting piece and the pressing piece are arranged inside the base. The cover is installed on the base. The cover has a through hole. The pressing piece extends to the outside through the through hole. The pressing piece is located at the upper end of the connecting piece. When the pressing piece is pressed down, the two ends of the connecting piece are pushed out of the base and connected to the mounting piece.

[0015] In the present invention, a first guide piece is provided at the lower end of the sealing cover, and a first guide area is formed between the first guide piece and the inner shell. A second guide piece is provided on the inner wall of the inner shell, and a second guide area is formed between the second guide piece and the centrifugal assembly.

[0016] In the present invention, the collecting element is composed of an inner layer and an outer layer, the motor is arranged in the middle of the inner layer, a flow channel is formed between the inner layer and the outer layer, the inner layer and the outer layer are connected by multiple partitions, and the flow channel is connected to the separation chamber.

[0017] In the present invention, a symmetrically arranged sliding member is provided on the mounting member, a sliding block is provided on the sliding member, and a fixing hole that cooperates with the connecting member is provided on the sliding block.

[0018] In the present invention, a pressing block is provided between the symmetrically arranged sliding members. The pressing block is located at the upper end of the fixed assembly. When the pressing block moves downward, it pushes the pressing member to move downward.

[0019] In the present invention, a movable area is formed in the middle of the base, and a symmetrical mounting block and a guide block are provided in the movable area. The mounting block is provided with a receiving groove, the cross-section of the receiving groove is arc-shaped, and the arc angle is a major arc. The guide block is provided with an inclined guide surface.

[0020] In the present invention, the connecting member consists of a pressing section and a symmetrically arranged connecting section, a fixed section, an offset section and an extending section. The fixed section is installed in the accommodating groove, the offset section is located above the guide surface, and the base is provided with a small hole through which the extending section extends.

[0021] In the present invention, an angle H is formed between the offset section and the connecting section.

[0022] In the present invention, a flat portion is provided on the extending section, and a spring is provided on the extending section, one end of the spring contacts the flat portion, and the other end contacts the inner wall of the base.

[0023] In the present invention, the pressing member is provided with an annular portion, a pressing portion, a pressing portion and an avoidance surface, the pressing portion is located at the upper end of the offset section, the avoidance surface is located at the upper end of the fixed section, and the pressing portion is located at the upper end of the pressing section.

[0024] The photovoltaic module waste crystalline silicon recovery device of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the device utilizes high temperature to achieve heating, and by filling the inner shell with air, hot gas fills the interior of the photovoltaic module, accelerating heat flow to every part of the photovoltaic module and accelerating the melting of the EVA, PVB, and other rubber and plastic components within the photovoltaic module. After melting, a high-speed motor drives the fixing and mounting parts to rotate the multiple photovoltaic modules, separating the melted EVA, PVB, and other rubber and plastic materials on the photovoltaic modules after high-temperature treatment, as well as components such as the cell, backplane, and solder ribbon attached to the molten rubber and plastic materials, from the photovoltaic modules. After separation, the various materials are recovered separately. The mounting parts can be fixed to the fixing parts by the weight of the multiple photovoltaic modules, without the need for special fixing. This allows for rapid installation, improves placement efficiency, shortens processing time, and improves recovery efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a waste crystalline silicon recovery device for photovoltaic modules of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A top view of

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 2 The cross-sectional view at AA in the figure;

[0028] Figure 4for Figure 1 sectional view of ;

[0029] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Cross-sectional view of the inner shell and collecting member in FIG;

[0030] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the centrifugal assembly structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Exploded diagram;

[0032] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the mounting structure in FIG;

[0033] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A local enlarged view of point B in FIG;

[0034] Figure 10 for Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the fixing structure in FIG.

[0035] Figure 11 for Figure 10 Exploded view of the fixed component structure;

[0036] Figure 12 for Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the base structure in FIG;

[0037] Figure 13 for Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the connector structure in ;

[0038] Figure 14 for Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the structure in another direction;

[0039] Figure 15 for Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the pressing member structure;

[0040] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the installation state of the pressing member and the connecting member structure in the present invention.

[0041] In the figure: outer shell 1, inner shell 2, collecting part 3, centrifugal assembly 4, motor 5, exhaust pipe 6, sealing cover 7, air inlet pipe 8, heating pipe 9, first guide plate 10, first guide area 11, second guide plate 12, second guide area 13, heating area 14, separation chamber 15, collecting pipe 16, bracket 17, inner layer 18, outer layer 19, flow channel 20, partition 21, sealing plate 22, vent 23, fixing part 24, mounting part 25, fixing assembly 26, placement area 27, fixing rod 28, placement port 29, fixing plate 30, connecting rod 31, first strip groove 32, sliding part 33, slider 34, connecting Part 35, fixing hole 36, upper fixed end 37, sliding end 38, lower fixed end 39, sliding hole 40, notch 41, pressing block 42, pressing member 43, supporting member 44, edge 45, blocking member 46, sinking groove 47, second strip groove 48, third strip groove 49, base 50, cover plate 51, through hole 52, movable area 53, mounting block 54, guide block 55, accommodating groove 56, guide surface 57, offset section 58, extending section 59, small hole 60, pressing section 61, connecting section 62, fixed section 63, flat portion 64, spring 65, annular portion 66, pressing portion 67, pressing portion 68, avoidance surface 69. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0043] like Figures 1 to 16 As shown, the waste crystalline silicon recovery device for photovoltaic modules of the present invention comprises an outer shell 1, an inner shell 2, a collector 3, and a centrifugal assembly 4. The recovery device is supported by a bracket 17, and the outer shell 1 is disposed on the bracket 17. The outer shell 1 and the inner shell 2 form a photovoltaic module, which is internally heated to melt the rubber and plastic materials such as EVA and PVB within the photovoltaic module. The centrifugal assembly 4 is then rotated by a motor 5 to separate the melted EVA and PVB rubber and plastic materials, as well as components such as the cell, backsheet, and solder ribbon attached to the molten rubber and plastic materials, from the photovoltaic module. The melted materials are then discharged from the collector 3, while the hot gases are discharged through an exhaust pipe 6.

[0044] The outer shell 1 is hollowed out and fitted with a sealing cap 7. An air inlet pipe 8 is located at the lower end of the outer shell 1. This seal prevents air from leaking and heat from escaping. The air inlet pipe 8, located at the lower end of the outer shell 1, facilitates airflow away from the heating pipe 9 and into the inner shell 2, heating every corner of the photovoltaic module within it and ensuring complete melting of the rubber material inside.

[0045] A first guide blade 10 is provided at the lower end of the sealing cover 7, forming a first guide region 11 between the first guide blade 10 and the inner shell 2. The first guide region 11 can guide the airflow so that the high-temperature airflow can be blown toward the area between the photovoltaic module and the inner wall of the inner shell 2. A second guide blade 12 is provided on the inner wall of the inner shell 2, forming a second guide region 13 between the second guide blade 12 and the centrifugal assembly 4. The second guide blade 12 can redirect the high-temperature airflow directed downward by the first guide blade 10, so that the high-temperature airflow can be completely blown into the photovoltaic module in the middle of the mounting member 25, accelerating the rapid melting of materials such as rubber in the corners inside the photovoltaic module. Both the first guide blade 10 and the second guide blade 12 are arc-shaped, which facilitates the guidance of the high-temperature airflow.

[0046] Inner shell 2 is disposed within outer shell 1, forming a heating region 14 between the two. Heating tubes 9 are located within heating region 14 to heat the photovoltaic modules within inner shell 2. A separation chamber 15 is hollowed out in the middle of inner shell 2, communicating with heating region 14. Air inlet pipe 8 is connected to heating region 14.

[0047] The collecting member 3 is connected to the lower end of the inner shell 2 and is in communication with the interior of the separation chamber 15. A collecting pipe 16 is provided at the lower end of the collecting member 3, and an exhaust pipe 6 is provided on the collecting pipe 16. The exhaust pipe 6 is initially arranged upward and then horizontally to prevent the material discharged from the collecting pipe 16 from entering the exhaust pipe 6. It also facilitates the separate processing of gas and recovered material.

[0048] The collecting element 3 consists of an inner layer 18 and an outer layer 19, with the motor 5 positioned in the middle of the inner layer 18. A flow channel 20 is formed between the inner and outer layers 18, 19, and is connected by multiple partitions 21. The flow channel 20 communicates with the separation chamber 15. A sealing plate 22 is provided at the upper end of the inner layer 18 for mounting the motor 5, ensuring that the motor 5 is positioned in the middle of the inner layer 18. The multiple partitions 21 connect the inner and outer layers 18, 19, allowing the high-temperature gas and melted and separated materials to flow through the flow channel 20 and enter the collection pipe 16 at the lower end of the collecting element 3 for discharge.

[0049] In addition, in order to prevent the motor 5 from being affected by high temperature when installed in the middle of the inner layer 18, symmetrical vents 23 are opened on the collecting member 3 to facilitate external air flow, thereby cooling the motor 5.

[0050] Centrifugal assembly 4 is disposed within separation chamber 15 and comprises a fixing member 24 and a mounting member 25. A motor 5 is disposed at the lower end of inner housing 2, and the motor shaft of motor 5 passes through inner housing 2 and is connected to fixing member 24. Fixing member 24 is provided with a fixing assembly 26, and mounting member 25 is mounted on fixing member 24 via fixing assembly 26. Fixing assembly 26 is connected to fixing member 24 through the weight of mounting member 25 and the plurality of photovoltaic modules.

[0051] The interior of the mounting member 25 is hollowed out to form a placement area 27 , in which a plurality of vertically arranged fixing rods 28 are provided, and between the fixing rods 28 are formed placement openings 29 for mounting photovoltaic modules.

[0052] A fixing plate 30 is provided at the upper end of the mounting member 25, and the fixing plate 30 and the mounting member 25 are connected by a connecting rod 31. A plurality of first strip grooves 32 are provided on the outer wall of the mounting member 25, which facilitate the entry of high-temperature airflow into the interior to heat the photovoltaic modules in the middle.

[0053] Mounting member 25 has an opening for placing the PV modules in placement area 27. The remaining three sides and the bottom surface are each provided with a first strip groove 32 to facilitate airflow. The top surface of mounting member 25 lacks the first strip groove 32 to facilitate securing the fixing plate 30 and connecting rod 31, making it easier to lift the entire mounting member 25 and the multiple PV modules within it during transport.

[0054] The mounting member 25 is provided with a symmetrically arranged sliding member 33, which is provided with a slider 34. The slider 34 has a fixing hole 36 that mates with the connecting member 35. The sliding member 33 comprises an upper fixed end 37, a sliding end 38, and a lower fixed end 39. The slider 34 has a sliding hole 40, which is located on the sliding end 38 and allows it to slide up and down. The fixing member 24 has a notch 41 through which the sliding member 33 passes. The width of this notch 41 matches the width of the sliding member 33, but does not allow the sliding member 34 to pass through.

[0055] A lower pressing block 42 is provided between the symmetrically arranged sliding members 33. The lower pressing block 42 is located at the upper end of the fixing assembly 26. When the lower pressing block 42 moves downward, it pushes the pressing member 43 downward, and then causes the two ends of the connecting member 35 to move toward the two ends of the connecting member 35, thereby realizing the connection between the mounting member 25 and the fixing member 24.

[0056] When the mounting member 25 is placed on the fixing member 24, the sliding member 33 can be placed in the notch 41, and the slider 34 is blocked by the edge 45 of the support member 44 and slides on the sliding end 38 from the bottom to the top. The sliding member 33 first contacts the edge 45, and then the pressing block 42 pushes the pressing member 43 downward.

[0057] The fixing member 24 is composed of a supporting member 44 and a blocking member 46 . The supporting member 44 and the blocking member 46 are arranged vertically. The blocking member 46 is arranged in the opening direction of the mounting member 25 to prevent the photovoltaic assembly from deviating from the mounting member 25 .

[0058] The center of the support member 44 is sunken to form a sunken groove 47, in which the mounting member 25 is placed. The sunken groove 47 is provided with multiple second strip grooves 48. The blocking member 46 is provided with a third strip groove 49. The first strip groove 32 is arranged perpendicular to the second strip grooves 48 and the third strip grooves 49. The second strip grooves 48 and the third strip grooves 49 are both capable of facilitating the flow of high-temperature air.

[0059] The fixing assembly 26 can push the pressing member 43 in the fixing assembly 26 downward under the weight of the mounting member 25 and the plurality of photovoltaic modules, thereby causing the two ends of the connecting member 35 to extend and connect the mounting member 25 to the fixing member 24. The fixing assembly 26 is composed of a base 50, a cover plate 51, a pressing member 43, and a connecting member 35. The connecting member 35 and the pressing member 43 are arranged inside the base 50, and the cover plate 51 is mounted on the base 50. The cover plate 51 has a through hole 52, and the pressing member 43 extends to the outside through the through hole 52. The pressing member 43 is located at the upper end of the connecting member 35. When the pressing member 43 is pressed down, the two ends of the connecting member 35 are pushed out of the base 50 to connect with the mounting member 25.

[0060] A movable area 53 is formed in the center of the base 50. Symmetrical mounting blocks 54 and guide blocks 55 are provided within this area. Mounting blocks 54 are provided with a receiving slot 56, which has an arc-shaped cross-section and a major arc angle greater than 180°. Guide blocks 55 are provided with an inclined guide surface 57, whose angle matches that of the offset section 58. This facilitates downward movement of the offset section 58 by the guide surface 57 when it is subjected to an external force. This allows the offset section 58 to move downward from end a of the guide block 55 to end b, thereby allowing the extension section 59 on the connector 35 to extend through the aperture 60 and enter the fixing hole 36.

[0061] Connector 35 comprises a pressing section 61, a symmetrically arranged connecting section 62, a fixed section 63, an offset section 58, and an extension section 59. Fixed section 63 is mounted in receiving groove 56, offset section 58 is positioned above guide surface 57, and base 50 is provided with a small hole 60 through which extension section 59 extends. An angle H is formed between offset section 58 and connecting section 62.

[0062] The extension section 59 is provided with a flat portion 64, and the extension section 59 is provided with a spring 65, one end of the spring 65 contacts the flat portion 64, and the other end contacts the inner wall of the base 50. The flat portion 64 can block the spring 65, and the extension section 59 can be reset by the spring 65.

[0063] The pressing member 43 is provided with an annular portion 66, a pressing portion 67, a pressing portion 68, and an avoidance surface 69. The pressing portion 67 is located at the upper end of the offset section 58, the avoidance surface 69 is located at the upper end of the fixed section 63, and the pressing portion 68 is located at the upper end of the pressing portion 61. The annular portion 66 can ensure that the pressing member 43 will not disengage from the through hole 52. The pressing portion 67 can move the offset section 58 downward, thereby allowing the offset section 58 to slide on the guide surface 57. The pressing portion 68 forces the pressing portion 61 to move downward, facilitating the pressing portion 61 to rotate and twist around the fixed section 63, causing the pressing portion 61 to be subjected to a twisting force, thereby facilitating the pressing member 43 to be forced to reset.

[0064] When placing the mounting member 25, simply place it directly into the recess 47 of the fixing member 24 to achieve automatic fixation. At the same time, the opening of the mounting member 25 is blocked by the blocking member 46 to prevent the photovoltaic module from falling out. This mechanical connection prevents the mounting member 25 from separating from the fixing member 24 when the motor 5 rotates.

[0065] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for recovering waste crystalline silicon from photovoltaic modules, characterized in that: include: The shell is hollowed out inside, a sealing cover is provided on the shell, and an air inlet pipe is provided at the lower end of the shell. An inner shell is arranged inside the outer shell, a heating area is formed between the inner shell and the outer shell, a heating pipe is arranged in the heating area, the middle of the inner shell is hollowed out to form a separation chamber, the separation chamber is communicated with the heating area, and the air inlet pipe is connected to the heating area. A collecting piece connected to the lower end of the inner shell is communicated with the interior of the separation chamber. A collecting pipe is provided at the lower end of the collecting piece, and an exhaust pipe is provided on the collecting pipe. and a centrifugal assembly arranged inside the separation chamber, the centrifugal assembly consisting of a fixing part and a mounting part, a motor is provided at the lower end of the inner shell, a motor shaft on the motor passes through the inner shell and is connected to the fixing part, a fixing assembly is provided on the fixing part, and the mounting part is arranged on the fixing part through the fixing assembly, The interior of the mounting member is hollowed out to form a placement area, and a plurality of vertically arranged fixing rods are provided in the placement area. A fixing plate is provided at the upper end of the mounting member, and the fixing plate and the mounting member are connected by a connecting rod. A plurality of first strip grooves are provided on the outer wall of the mounting member. The fixing member is composed of a supporting member and a blocking member, the supporting member and the blocking member are arranged vertically, the middle of the supporting member is sunken to form a sinking groove, the mounting member is placed in the sinking groove, the sinking groove is provided with multiple second strip grooves, the blocking member is provided with a third strip groove, the first strip groove is arranged vertically to the second strip groove and the third strip groove, The fixing assembly is composed of a base, a cover, a pressing piece and a connecting piece. The connecting piece and the pressing piece are arranged inside the base. The cover is mounted on the base. The cover has a through hole. The pressing piece extends to the outside through the through hole. The pressing piece is located at the upper end of the connecting piece. When the pressing piece is pressed down, the two ends of the connecting piece are pushed out of the base and connected to the mounting piece. The mounting member is provided with a symmetrically arranged sliding member, the sliding member is provided with a slider, and the slider is provided with a fixing hole that cooperates with the connecting member; A pressing block is provided between the symmetrically arranged sliding members. The pressing block is located at the upper end of the fixed assembly. When the pressing block moves downward, it pushes the pressing member to move downward.

2. The waste crystalline silicon recovery device for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first guide piece is provided at the lower end of the sealing cover, and a first guide area is formed between the first guide piece and the inner shell. A second guide piece is provided on the inner wall of the inner shell, and a second guide area is formed between the second guide piece and the centrifugal assembly.

3. The waste crystalline silicon recovery device for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collecting element is composed of an inner layer and an outer layer, the motor is arranged in the middle of the inner layer, a flow channel is formed between the inner layer and the outer layer, the inner layer and the outer layer are connected by multiple partitions, and the flow channel is connected to the separation chamber.

4. The waste crystalline silicon recovery device for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: A movable area is formed in the middle of the base, and a symmetrical mounting block and a guide block are provided in the movable area. The mounting block is provided with a receiving groove, the cross section of the receiving groove is arc-shaped, and the arc angle is a major arc. The guide block is provided with an inclined guide surface.

5. The waste crystalline silicon recovery device for photovoltaic modules according to claim 4, characterized in that: The connecting piece consists of a pressing section and a symmetrically arranged connecting section, a fixing section, an offset section and an extending section. The fixing section is installed in the accommodating groove, the offset section is located above the guide surface, and a small hole is provided on the base through which the extending section extends.

6. The waste crystalline silicon recovery device for photovoltaic modules according to claim 5, characterized in that: An angle H is formed between the offset section and the connecting section.

7. The waste crystalline silicon recovery device for photovoltaic modules according to claim 6, characterized in that: The extending section is provided with a flat portion, and the extending section is provided with a spring, one end of the spring is in contact with the flat portion, and the other end is in contact with the inner wall of the base.

8. The waste crystalline silicon recovery device for photovoltaic modules according to claim 7, characterized in that: The pressing member is provided with an annular portion, a pressing portion, a pressing portion and an avoidance surface, the pressing portion is located at the upper end of the offset section, the avoidance surface is located at the upper end of the fixed section, and the pressing portion is located at the upper end of the pressing section.

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