Regional groundwater level control system to reduce nitrogen leaching from vegetable soils during rainy season

Abstract

The present invention discloses a regional groundwater level control system for reducing nitrogen leaching in vegetable field soil during the rainy season, and relates to the field of agricultural environmental technology. The system comprises: a water storage well; a field is divided into a plurality of regions, at least one water storage well is arranged in each region, the water storage well is pre-buried underground, and the water storage well is connected to the ground through a water seepage channel. The overall structure of the present invention is compact and reasonably arranged. The field is divided into a plurality of regions, and a pre-buried underground water storage well is arranged in each region, so as to regionally control the shallow groundwater level, avoid the groundwater level rising to the soil layer with high nitrogen accumulation during the rainy season, and reduce the loss of soil accumulated nitrogen under the interaction of groundwater and profile soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural environmental technology, and more specifically to a groundwater level regional control system for reducing nitrogen leaching from vegetable soil during the rainy season. Background Art

[0002] Fertilizer nitrogen plays an important role in agricultural production. The utilization rate of fertilizer nitrogen in the season is 30% to 50%, and nearly 50% to 70% of fertilizer nitrogen directly enters the environment or remains in the soil. A large number of studies have shown that the amount of nitrogen applied in the season that directly enters the environment accounts for about 4.2% of the surface runoff loss, and ammonia volatilization, NO and N 2 The gaseous loss of nitrogen oxides such as O accounted for about 12.5%, and underground leaching accounted for about 14.0%. In the current season, more than 52% of the nitrogen applied, including underground leaching, accumulated in the soil profile.

[0003] Generally speaking, nitrogen input to the surface of farmland will accelerate its leaching under hydraulic drive such as irrigation and rainfall, and then enter deep soil and groundwater, causing nitrogen accumulation in soil profile and groundwater, and the soil nitrogen accumulation decreases with the increase of soil depth. However, the groundwater level affects the thickness of the vadose zone. As an important hydrological driving process, the water level fluctuation causes the loss of soil nitrogen in the vadose zone of farmland due to groundwater level fluctuation, which cannot be ignored, especially in the surrounding farmland areas such as rivers and lakes where the groundwater level is shallow and the fluctuation is relatively large. These areas have obvious differences in nitrogen accumulation in the vadose zone compared with deep vadose zones such as the North China Plain. Groundwater level fluctuation shortens the distance for surface nitrogen to enter groundwater, and also intensifies the migration and loss of nitrogen accumulated in the soil into groundwater.

[0004] In farmland areas with shallow groundwater levels and large seasonal fluctuations, the loss of accumulated nitrogen in the soil profile can be reduced by regulating shallow groundwater levels and reducing the "internal and external sources" of nitrogen. The regulation of groundwater levels in farmland areas should be strengthened during the rainy season. On the one hand, the groundwater level in farmland areas can be controlled within a certain range by reasonably regulating the source of groundwater recharge, discharge methods, and development and utilization conditions to avoid the shallow groundwater level rising to the soil layer with high nitrogen accumulation, thereby reducing the loss of accumulated nitrogen in the soil under the interaction of groundwater and soil profile; on the other hand, vegetable crops are planted on high ridges during the rainy season, raising the distance between the ridge surface and the groundwater level, increasing the migration distance of surface nitrogen to groundwater, and reducing the loss of nitrogen in the soil profile. Source control measures mainly include scientific fertilization, determining the reasonable amount of nitrogen fertilizer, applying organic and inorganic fertilizers and using new fertilizers such as controlled-release fertilizers and slow-release fertilizers, or appropriately increasing soil carbon sources, increasing the nitrogen storage capacity of the cultivated soil by "fixing nitrogen with carbon", promoting soil nitrogen mineralization, and improving soil nitrogen utilization, thereby reducing the input of exogenous nitrogen fertilizers; the soil below the cultivated layer can be supplemented with carbon or other oxidants to enhance the biological denitrification capacity of the subsurface soil. Optimizing irrigation patterns and replacing flooding patterns with water-saving irrigation patterns (drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation) can also reduce soil nitrogen leaching and deep accumulation. Intercropping or rotation of deep-rooted (Solanum) and shallow-rooted (leafy) vegetables can reduce soil profile nitrogen accumulation by using the differences in the distribution of roots of different crops in the soil, thereby reducing endogenous nitrogen in the soil.

[0005] Generally speaking, the closer to the surface, the higher the nitrogen accumulation in farmland soil. Therefore, in the rainy season, how to regionally regulate the shallow groundwater level to prevent the groundwater level from rising to the soil layer with high nitrogen accumulation and reduce the loss of soil accumulated nitrogen under the interaction between groundwater and profile soil is one of the technical problems that need to be solved urgently in this field. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a groundwater level regional control system and control method for reducing nitrogen leaching in vegetable soil during the rainy season. The purpose is to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A regional groundwater level control system for reducing nitrogen leaching from vegetable field soil during the rainy season, the system comprising: a water storage well (2);

[0009] The field is divided into a plurality of areas, each area being provided with at least one water storage well (2), the water storage well (2) being pre-buried underground, and the water storage well being connected to the ground via a water seepage channel.

[0010] Preferably, the water seepage channel comprises a water channel (3), a plurality of the water channels (3) are provided, and the water channels (3) are evenly distributed along the circumference of the water storage well (2), and one end of the water channel (3) extends to communicate with the water storage well (2).

[0011] Preferably, the water seepage channel further comprises a pipe network (1), the pipe network (1) is pre-buried underground, and the pipe network (1) is located between the underground and the water storage well (2).

[0012] Preferably, the pipe network (1) comprises: a plurality of annular pipes (11) and a plurality of direct-flow pipes (12); each of the annular pipes (11) and each of the direct-flow pipes (12) is a seepage pipe, and the plurality of annular pipes (11) are coaxially arranged, and each of the direct-flow pipes (12) is connected to the plurality of annular pipes (11); one end of each of the direct-flow pipes (12) is sealed, and the other end is open and extends into the water storage well (2).

[0013] Preferably, the annular tube (11) is a first composite tube, and the first composite tube comprises: a first metal support inner layer (111), a first fiber composite filter layer (112), and a first protective sleeve (113); the first protective sleeve (113) wraps the first fiber composite filter layer (112), and the first fiber composite filter layer (112) wraps the first metal support inner layer (111); the first metal support inner layer (111) is provided with a plurality of bar grids, and the first protective sleeve (113) is provided with a plurality of water seepage holes;

[0014] The direct current pipe (12) is a second composite pipe, and the second composite pipe comprises: a second metal support inner layer (121), a second fiber composite filter layer (122), and a second protective cover (123); the second protective cover (123) wraps the second fiber composite filter layer (122), and the second fiber composite filter layer (122) wraps the second metal support inner layer (121); the second metal support inner layer (121) is provided with a plurality of strip grids, and the second protective cover (123) is provided with a plurality of water seepage holes.

[0015] Preferably, the system further comprises: a connecting pipe (4), the two ends of the connecting pipe (4) being respectively connected to the two annular pipes (11).

[0016] Preferably, the system further comprises: a protective cover (21) is provided in the water storage well (2), and the protective cover (21) covers the wellhead of the water storage well (2).

[0017] Preferably, the system further comprises: a water intake assembly (6), wherein the water intake assembly (6) comprises: a booster pump (61) and a drain pipe (62);

[0018] The booster pump (61) is arranged in the water storage well (2);

[0019] One end of the drainage pipe (62) extends into the water storage well (2) and communicates with the booster pump (61), and the other end extends outside the water storage well (2).

[0020] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0021] The overall structure of the present invention is compact and reasonably arranged. It can drain groundwater through the seepage channel, regionally regulate the shallow groundwater level, prevent the groundwater level from rising to the soil layer with high nitrogen accumulation, and reduce the loss of soil accumulated nitrogen under the interaction of groundwater and profile soil. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the coordinated installation of a pipe network, a water channel, and a water storage well of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the direct cooperation between the pipe network and the water storage well of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Schematic cross-sectional view of ;

[0025] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the use position of the pipe network of the present invention in direct cooperation with the water storage well;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the annular tube structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the annular tube of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the first metal support inner layer structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first protective cover of the present invention;

[0030] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the DC tube of the present invention.

[0031] In the figure:

[0032] 1-pipe network; 11-annular pipe; 111-first metal support inner layer; 112-first fiber composite filter layer; 113-first protective cover; 12-direct current pipe; 121-second metal support inner layer; 122-second fiber composite filter layer; 123-second protective cover;

[0033] 2 - water storage well; 3 - water channel; 4 - connecting pipe; 5 - ground surface; 6 - water intake assembly; 61 - booster pump; 62 - drainage pipe; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Example

[0036] Reference Figure 1-9 The regional groundwater level control system for reducing nitrogen leaching from vegetable soil during the rainy season is shown, the system comprising: a pipe network 1, a water storage well 2, a canal 3, a plurality of connecting pipes 4 and a water intake component 6, wherein, preferably, the field is divided into a plurality of areas, each of which is provided with a water storage well 2. There may be terrain differences in different areas of the field, resulting in different water accumulation effects in different areas. According to the different stratum water accumulation effects in each area, the size of the water storage well 2 in the area and the density of the seepage channels are modified.

[0037] The water storage well 2 is pre-buried underground, and the water storage well 2 is connected to the ground through a water seepage channel.

[0038] In this embodiment, the water seepage channel includes a water channel 3, a plurality of water channels 3 are provided, and the water channels 3 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the water storage well 2, and one end of the water channel 3 extends to communicate with the water storage well 2;

[0039] In one embodiment, four water channels 3 are arranged around a water storage well 2. The water channels 3 are dug downward from the ground surface 5 to form arc-shaped channels. The water channels 3 are dug around the fields to ensure that the digging depth of the water channels 3 is lower than the target controlled groundwater level position.

[0040] In another embodiment, a water channel 3 is arranged around a water storage well 2 , the water channel 3 is located directly above the water storage well 2 , and the center of the water channel 3 is connected to the water storage well 2 .

[0041] In this embodiment, the water seepage channel includes a pipe network 1, which is pre-buried underground and is located between the ground and the water storage well 2. The pipe network 1 is pre-buried underground on the field surface to ensure that the buried depth is consistent with the target control position of groundwater. The pipe density, pipe arrangement form and pipe thickness of the pipe network 1 are specifically selected according to the local rainfall or groundwater level. Preferably, the end of the pipe network 1 can be connected to a water collection pipe, which is connected to the water storage well 2 to reduce the density of the pipes connected to the water storage well 2 and reduce the overall volume of the pipe network 1. Preferably, the pipe network 1 or the water collection pipe is inclined, and the lower end is connected to the water storage well 2.

[0042] In Example 1, the water seepage channels are a plurality of water channels 3 evenly distributed along the circumference of the water storage well 2 , and the ends of the water channels 3 extend to communicate with the water storage well 2 .

[0043] In Example 2, the water seepage channel is a plurality of pipe networks 1 evenly distributed along the circumference of the water storage well 2 , and the ends of the pipe networks 1 extend to communicate with the water storage well 2 .

[0044] In Example 3, the seepage channels are multiple water channels 3 evenly distributed along the circumference of the water storage well 2 and multiple pipe networks 1. The end of the pipe network 1 is connected to the water channel 3, and the end of the water channel 3 is connected to the water storage well 2. One end of the water channel 3 extends to connect with the water storage well 2. The pipe network 1 is evenly pre-buried under the surface, and the pipe network 1 penetrates the side wall of the water channel 3 and extends into the water channel 3. Rainfall causes the groundwater level to rise to the pipe network 1 layer. The rising groundwater in the field area is introduced into the water channel 3 through the pipe network 1, and then enters the water storage well 2 along the water channel 3. In this embodiment, the flowability can be further enhanced and the regulation effect can be improved by setting the water channel 3.

[0045] In this embodiment, specifically, the pipe network 1 includes: multiple annular pipes 11 and multiple direct current pipes 12, each annular pipe 11 and each direct current pipe 12 are seepage pipes, and the multiple annular pipes 11 are coaxially arranged, and each direct current pipe 12 is connected to the multiple annular pipes 11; one end of each direct current pipe 12 is sealed, and the other end is open and extends into the water storage well 2.

[0046] In this embodiment, specifically, the annular tube 11 is a first composite tube, which includes: a first metal support inner layer 111, a first fiber composite filter layer 112 and a first protective cover 113. The first protective cover 113 wraps the first fiber composite filter layer 112, and the first fiber composite filter layer 112 wraps the first metal support inner layer 111. The first metal support inner layer 111 is provided with a plurality of strip grids, and the first protective cover 113 is provided with a plurality of seepage holes. Rainwater flows into the first metal support inner layer 111 through the first protective cover 113 and the first fiber composite filter layer 112.

[0047] The direct current pipe 12 is a second composite pipe, which includes: a second metal support inner layer 121, a second fiber composite filter layer 122 and a second protective cover 123. The second protective cover 123 wraps the second fiber composite filter layer 122, and the second fiber composite filter layer 122 wraps the second metal support inner layer 121. The second metal support inner layer 121 is provided with a plurality of strip grids, and the second protective cover 123 is provided with a plurality of water seepage holes. Rainwater flows into the second metal support inner layer 121 through the second protective cover 123 and the second fiber composite filter layer 122.

[0048] In this embodiment, specifically, both ends of the connecting pipe 4 are respectively connected to the two outer annular pipes 11, so as to increase the density of absorbing rainwater.

[0049] In this embodiment, specifically, a protective cover 21 is provided in the water storage well 2, and the protective cover 21 covers the wellhead of the water storage well 2. The protective cover 21 can prevent soil, debris, people and animals from falling into the water storage well 2.

[0050] In this embodiment, specifically, the water intake component 6 includes: a booster pump 61 and a drain pipe 62, the booster pump 61 is arranged in the water storage well 2, one end of the drain pipe 62 extends into the water storage well 2 and is connected with the booster pump 61, and the other end extends outside the water storage well 2.

[0051] A method for controlling groundwater levels to reduce nitrogen leaching from soil during the rainy season comprises the following steps:

[0052] The pipe network 1 and the water storage well 2 are pre-buried underground, and the canal 3 is dug. After rainfall, the groundwater level rises to the pipe network layer 1, and the groundwater flows into the first metal support inner layer 111 through the first protective cover 113 and the first fiber composite filter layer 112. At the same time, the groundwater flows into the second metal support inner layer 121 through the second protective cover 123 and the second fiber composite filter layer 122, and flows into the water storage well 2 through the direct current pipe 12 and the diversion of the canal 3, thereby lowering the groundwater level and realizing groundwater level regulation.

[0053] When the climate is dry, the booster pump 61 is started to use the water stored in the water storage well or canal for irrigation and reuse; when the rainfall is heavy and the designed water storage well and canal cannot discharge the accumulated water in time, causing the groundwater level to rise, the booster pump 61 can be started to discharge the water stored in the water storage well or canal to outside the control area in time.

[0054] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, any slight modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling groundwater level to reduce nitrogen leaching from soil during rainy season, characterized in that: include: Water storage wells (2); The field is divided into a plurality of areas, each area is provided with at least one water storage well (2), the water storage well (2) is pre-buried underground, and the water storage well is connected to the ground through a water seepage channel; The water seepage channel further comprises a pipe network (1), the pipe network (1) is pre-buried underground, and the pipe network (1) is located between the underground and the water storage well (2); the pre-buried depth of the pipe network (1) is consistent with the depth of the target control position groundwater level; The pipe network (1) comprises: a plurality of annular pipes (11) and a plurality of direct-flow pipes (12); each of the annular pipes (11) and each of the direct-flow pipes (12) is a water seepage pipe, and the plurality of annular pipes (11) are coaxially arranged, and each of the direct-flow pipes (12) is connected to the plurality of annular pipes (11); one end of each of the direct-flow pipes (12) is sealed, and the other end is open and extends into the water storage well (2); The annular tube (11) is a first composite tube, comprising: a first metal support inner layer (111), a first fiber composite filter layer (112), and a first protective sleeve (113); the first protective sleeve (113) wraps the first fiber composite filter layer (112), and the first fiber composite filter layer (112) wraps the first metal support inner layer (111); the first metal support inner layer (111) is provided with a plurality of bar grids, and the first protective sleeve (113) is provided with a plurality of water seepage holes; The direct current pipe (12) is a second composite pipe, and the second composite pipe comprises: a second metal support inner layer (121), a second fiber composite filter layer (122), and a second protective cover (123); the second protective cover (123) wraps the second fiber composite filter layer (122), and the second fiber composite filter layer (122) wraps the second metal support inner layer (121); the second metal support inner layer (121) is provided with a plurality of bar grids, and the second protective cover (123) is provided with a plurality of water seepage holes; The pipe network (1) and the water storage well (2) are pre-buried underground, and a water channel (3) is dug. After rainfall, the groundwater level rises to the pipe network (1) layer, and the groundwater flows into the first metal support inner layer (111) through the first protective cover (113) and the first fiber composite filter layer (112). At the same time, the groundwater flows into the second metal support inner layer (121) through the second protective cover (123) and the second fiber composite filter layer (122), and flows into the water storage well (2) through the direct current pipe (12) and the diversion of the water channel (3), thereby lowering the groundwater level and achieving groundwater level control.

2. A method for controlling groundwater level to reduce nitrogen leaching from soil in rainy season according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water seepage channel comprises a water channel (3), a plurality of the water channels (3) are provided, and the water channels (3) are evenly distributed along the circumference of the water storage well (2), and one end of the water channel (3) extends to communicate with the water storage well (2).

3. The method for controlling groundwater level to reduce nitrogen leaching from soil in rainy season according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A connecting pipe (4), wherein both ends of the connecting pipe (4) are respectively connected to the two annular pipes (11).

4. The method for controlling groundwater level to reduce nitrogen leaching from soil in rainy season according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A protective cover (21) is provided in the water storage well (2), and the protective cover (21) covers the wellhead of the water storage well (2).

5. The method for controlling groundwater level to reduce nitrogen leaching from soil in rainy season according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A water intake assembly (6), the water intake assembly (6) comprising: a booster pump (61) and a drain pipe (62); The booster pump (61) is arranged in the water storage well (2); One end of the drainage pipe (62) extends into the water storage well (2) and communicates with the booster pump (61), and the other end extends outside the water storage well (2).

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