Biomass particle granulation device

Abstract

This invention discloses a biomass pelletizing device, including a pelletizing box, a feed hopper at the top of the pelletizing box, a crushing shaft rotating inside the pelletizing box, a first crushing blade on the crushing shaft, a flow channel inside the crushing shaft connected to a hot air blower, a grinding and extrusion disc rotating below the crushing shaft inside the pelletizing box, an extrusion rod and grinding protrusions at the bottom of the grinding and extrusion disc, a grinding base plate below the grinding and extrusion disc inside the pelletizing box, a plurality of grinding holes corresponding to the extrusion rods on the grinding base plate, and a baffle rotating at the bottom of the grinding base plate. During the rotation of the baffle plate, the grinding holes are opened or closed. By providing a flow channel on the crushing shaft and connecting it to the hot air blower, the crushed biomass can be dried to a certain extent during the crushing process, improving the dryness of the produced biomass pellets. By providing a baffle plate, the biomass is compressed more compactly under the extrusion rod and the baffle plate, resulting in better pellet formation and improved product quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of pelleting technology, and in particular relates to a biomass pelleting device. Background Technology

[0002] Biomass pellets are produced by cold-forming and densifying crushed biomass straw, forestry waste, and other raw materials using pressure rollers and ring dies at room temperature. The density of the raw materials is generally 0.1–0.13 t / m³, while the density of the pellets after forming is 1.1–1.3 t / m³, which facilitates storage and transportation and greatly improves the combustion performance of biomass.

[0003] Existing biomass pelletizing devices, such as the patent with publication number CN218554012U, involve crushing, extruding, and cutting biomass pellets. After crushing, the biomass is not dried but directly extruded, which easily results in the biomass pellets being relatively moist inside, reducing their quality. In addition, during extrusion, there is no baffle at the end of the extrusion hole, and the biomass is directly extruded from the extrusion hole, which makes the biomass pellets prone to being poorly extruded. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings and defects in the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a biomass pelletizing device, which solves the problems of existing pelletizing devices where biomass is not dried after crushing but directly squeezed, which easily causes the biomass pellets to be relatively moist inside, reducing the quality of the biomass pellets, and the lack of baffles at the end of the extrusion hole during extrusion, which causes the biomass to be directly squeezed out of the extrusion hole, resulting in the biomass pellets being easily mis-compressed.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a biomass pelletizing device, including a pelletizing box, a feeding hopper at the top of the pelletizing box, a crushing shaft rotatably arranged inside the pelletizing box, a first crushing blade on the crushing shaft, a flow channel inside the crushing shaft, and a ventilation nozzle on the crushing shaft leading from the flow channel to the outside. The flow channel is connected to a hot air blower. Below the crushing shaft, the pelletizing box has an upwardly protruding arc-shaped screen and a downwardly protruding arc-shaped grinding and pressing disc rotatably arranged. The arc-shaped screen has multiple sharp blades and a ring of protrusions corresponding to the first crushing blade. The grinding and pressing disc can move up and down and has multiple through holes. At the bottom of the grinding and pressing disc, there are multiple pressing rods and multiple grinding protrusions. Below the grinding and pressing disc, the pelletizing box has a grinding base plate with multiple grinding holes corresponding to the pressing rods. A baffle plate rotatably arranged at the bottom of the grinding base plate, with through holes corresponding to the grinding holes on the baffle plate. During the rotation of the baffle plate, the grinding holes are opened or closed.

[0006] As a further improvement of the present invention, the first crushing blade continuously presses down on the protrusion during rotation.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, the crushing shaft is connected to the first motor.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, a second motor is provided in the center of the grinding chassis, the second motor is connected to a first rotating shaft, the arc-shaped screen is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft, and the grinding and pressing disc is slidably connected to the first rotating shaft.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the first rotating shaft is provided with a sliding groove, the grinding and pressing disc is provided with a slider, the grinding and pressing disc is slidably connected to the first rotating shaft through the slider, and the grinding and pressing disc is provided with a moving motor that can drive it to slide up and down.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, a second crushing blade is provided on the first rotating shaft.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the edge of the baffle is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the granulation box, and the center of the baffle is connected to the third motor through a second rotating shaft. The third motor is located at the bottom of the granulation box.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, an openable unloading door is provided on the lower right side of the granulation box, and an inclined bottom plate that gradually slopes downward from left to right is provided at the bottom of the granulation box.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the granulation box is provided with a transparent observation window.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0015] 1. By providing a flow channel on the crushing shaft, and providing a vent on the crushing shaft that leads from the flow channel to the outside, and the flow channel being connected to a hot air blower, the hot air blower continuously delivers hot air to the outside through the flow channel and the vent through the crushing shaft during the crushing process of the first crushing blade rotating. This allows for a certain degree of drying of the crushed biomass, reducing the moisture inside the biomass, improving the dryness of the produced biomass pellets, and improving the combustion quality of the biomass pellets.

[0016] In addition, during the process of crushing biomass, the first crusher blade will continuously press down on the protrusions at intervals while rotating, thereby causing the arc screen to vibrate continuously, which improves the smoothness of material passing through the arc screen and reduces the accumulation of biomass on the arc screen; that is, the first crusher blade not only plays a crushing role, but also vibrates the arc screen. Furthermore, during the rotation of the first crusher blade, it will also stir and fan the hot air, improve air flow, and improve the drying quality of the biomass by the hot air.

[0017] After the first crusher cuts the biomass, the crushed biomass falls onto the arc-shaped screen and is further crushed by the sharp blades on the screen. The shear blades not only crush the biomass but also, as the arc-shaped screen rotates, act like blades continuously fanning hot air, increasing the drying effect on the biomass. The arc-shaped screen serves several purposes: first, it screens the biomass; second, as it rotates, it fans hot air; third, its arc shape guides the biomass, which is mainly concentrated in the center of the pelleting box, to the outside, improving the overall uniformity of the biomass distribution; and fourth, as the arc-shaped screen guides the biomass to the edge, its sharp blades continuously cut and crush the falling biomass, improving the crushing effect.

[0018] In addition, some of the biomass screened from the arc screen falls directly onto the grinding base plate from the edge, while some falls onto the grinding base plate through the through holes on the grinding extrusion disc. As the grinding extrusion disc rotates continuously, the extrusion rod and grinding protrusions continuously grind the crushed biomass. After grinding for a period of time, the extrusion rod on the grinding extrusion disc aligns with the grinding hole, the grinding extrusion disc moves downward, the extrusion rod extends into the grinding hole, and squeezes the biomass downward. At this time, under the extrusion of the extrusion rod and the baffle, the biomass pellets are formed relatively firmly and the pelleting treatment is good. Afterward, the baffle rotates, opening the extrusion hole, and the extrusion rod continues to move downward, thereby pushing the biomass pellets out of the grinding hole. At this time, the biomass pellets fall to the bottom of the pelleting box, thus completing the entire pelleting process.

[0019] In the above process, the grinding and extrusion disc and the extrusion rod not only grind the biomass, but also extrude and shape it. In addition, as the grinding and extrusion disc rotates, it works with the grinding base plate to spread the biomass evenly. It is a cleverly designed and compact structure with multiple functions.

[0020] The baffle not only blocks the grinding holes, making it easier to work with the extrusion rod to extrude biomass into shape, but also, during rotation, it can fan the biomass pellets falling to the bottom of the pelleting box to reduce the temperature of the biomass pellets, thus facilitating discharge.

[0021] 2. By providing a second motor in the center of the grinding chassis, the second motor is connected to a first rotating shaft, the arc-shaped screen is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft, and the grinding extrusion disc is slidably connected to the first rotating shaft, the second motor can drive the first rotating shaft to rotate, thereby driving the grinding extrusion disc and the arc-shaped screen to rotate. The structure is simple and the drive is reliable.

[0022] 3. By providing a sliding groove on the first rotating shaft, and a slider on the grinding and pressing disc, the grinding and pressing disc is slidably connected to the first rotating shaft via the slider, and a moving motor is provided on the grinding and pressing disc to drive it to slide up and down, the moving motor can drive the grinding and pressing disc to move up and down, thereby adjusting the position of the grinding and pressing disc relative to the grinding plate, so as to complete the grinding or pressing.

[0023] 4. By installing a second crushing blade on the first rotating shaft, the falling biomass can be crushed again, improving the crushing effect.

[0024] 5. By rotating the edge of the baffle to the inner wall of the pelleting box, and connecting the center of the baffle to the third motor via a second rotating shaft, the third motor can drive the baffle to rotate, thereby blocking or opening the grinding hole.

[0025] 6. By setting a discharge gate on the lower right side of the pelleting box, and by setting an inclined bottom plate that gradually slopes downward from left to right at the bottom of the pelleting box, the biomass pellets falling to the bottom of the pelleting box will move towards the discharge gate on the right side under the action of gravity. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view at point A;

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Enlarged view at point B;

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Enlarged view at point C;

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Granulation box; 2. Feed hopper; 3. Crushing shaft; 4. First crushing blade; 5. Flow channel; 6. Ventilation nozzle; 7. Arc screen; 8. Grinding and extrusion disc; 9. Sharp blade; 10. Protrusion; 11. Through hole; 12. Extrusion rod; 13. Grinding protrusion; 14. Grinding base; 15. Grinding hole; 16. Baffle; 17. Through hole; 18. Hot air blower; 19. First motor; 20. Second motor; 21. First rotating shaft; 22. Slide groove; 23. Sliding block; 24. Moving motor; 25. Second crushing blade; 26. Third motor; 27. Second rotating shaft; 28. Discharge gate. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-4The present invention will be described in further detail. For clarity, only structures relevant to the inventive aspects of the invention are shown in the figures.

[0033] For ease of description, the coordinate system is defined as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the left and right directions are horizontal, the front and back directions are vertical, and the up and down directions are vertical.

[0034] This invention discloses a biomass pelletizing device. (Refer to...) Figure 1 A biomass pelletizing device includes a pelletizing box 1, a feed hopper 2 at the top of the pelletizing box 1, a crushing shaft 3 rotatably mounted inside the pelletizing box 1, the crushing shaft 3 being connected to a first motor 19, a first crushing blade 4 mounted on the crushing shaft 3, and a flow channel 5 inside the crushing shaft 3. Figure 3 As shown, the crushing shaft 3 is equipped with a vent 6 that extends from the flow channel 5 to the outside, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the flow channel 5 is connected to the hot air blower 18. Inside the granulation box 1, below the crushing shaft 3, there is a rotatable arc-shaped screen 7 protruding upwards and an arc-shaped grinding and extruding disc 8 protruding downwards. Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the arc-shaped screen 7 is provided with multiple sharp blades 9 and a ring of protrusions 10 corresponding to the first crushing blade 4. During the rotation of the first crushing blade 4, it continuously presses down on the protrusions 10, thereby causing the arc-shaped screen 7 to vibrate.

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the grinding and pressing disc 8 can move up and down. The grinding and pressing disc 8 has multiple through holes 11, and multiple pressing rods 12 and multiple grinding protrusions 13 are located at the bottom of the grinding and pressing disc 8. A grinding base 14 is located below the grinding and pressing disc 8 inside the pelleting box 1. The grinding base 14 has multiple grinding holes 15 corresponding to the pressing rods 12. A baffle 16 is rotatably mounted on the lower part of the grinding base 14 inside the pelleting box 1. The baffle 16 has through holes 17 corresponding to the grinding holes 15. During the rotation of the baffle 16, the grinding holes 15 are opened or closed. That is, when the through holes 17 and the grinding holes 15 are aligned, biomass can pass through; when the through holes 17 and the grinding holes 15 are misaligned, biomass is blocked. Specifically, the edge of the baffle 16 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the granulation box 1, and the center of the baffle 16 is connected to the third motor 26 through the second rotating shaft 27. The third motor 26 is located at the bottom of the granulation box 1. The third motor 26 can drive the baffle 16 to rotate, thereby blocking or opening the grinding hole 15.

[0036] like Figure 1As shown, the pelleting box 1 has an openable discharge door 28 on the lower right side. The bottom of the pelleting box 1 has an inclined bottom plate that gradually slopes downward from left to right. Biomass pellets falling to the bottom of the pelleting box 1 will move towards the discharge door 28 on the right side under the action of gravity. In addition, the pelleting box 1 is provided with a transparent observation window (not shown in the attached figure) to facilitate observation of the internal conditions of the pelleting box 1.

[0037] The specific sliding mechanism of the aforementioned grinding and pressing disc 8 is as follows: a second motor 20 is located in the center of the grinding base 14. The second motor 20 is connected to a first rotating shaft 21. The arc-shaped screen 7 is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft 21. The grinding and pressing disc 8 is slidably connected to the first rotating shaft 21. The second motor 20 can drive the first rotating shaft 21 to rotate, thereby driving the grinding and pressing disc 8 and the arc-shaped screen 7 to rotate. The structure is simple and the drive is reliable. Furthermore, the first rotating shaft 21 is provided with a sliding groove 22, and the grinding and pressing disc 8 is provided with a slider 23. The grinding and pressing disc 8 is slidably connected to the first rotating shaft 21 via the slider 23. The grinding and pressing disc 8 is also provided with a moving motor 24 that can drive it to slide up and down. The moving motor 24 can drive the grinding and pressing disc 8 to move up and down, thereby adjusting the position of the grinding and pressing disc 8 relative to the grinding plate to complete the grinding or pressing.

[0038] In addition, the first rotating shaft 21 is equipped with a second crushing blade 25, which can further crush the falling biomass and improve the crushing effect.

[0039] The present invention provides a flow channel 5 on the crushing shaft 3, and a ventilation nozzle 6 on the crushing shaft 3 leading from the flow channel 5 to the outside. The flow channel 5 is connected to a hot air blower 18. During the crushing process, the crushing shaft 3 drives the first crushing blade 4 to rotate and crush. The hot air blower 18 continuously delivers hot air to the outside through the flow channel 5 and the ventilation nozzle 6, thereby drying the crushed biomass to a certain extent, reducing the moisture inside the biomass, improving the dryness of the produced biomass pellets, and improving the combustion quality of the biomass pellets.

[0040] In addition, during the process of crushing biomass, the first crushing blade 4 will continuously press down on the protrusions 10 at intervals while rotating, thereby causing the arc screen 7 to vibrate continuously, thus improving the smoothness of material passage through the arc screen 7 and reducing the accumulation of biomass on the arc screen 7; that is, the first crushing blade 4 not only plays a crushing role, but also plays a role in vibrating the arc screen 7. Furthermore, during the rotation of the first crushing blade 4, it will also agitate the hot air, improving the drying quality of the biomass by the hot air.

[0041] After the first crusher 4 crushes the biomass, the crushed biomass falls onto the arc-shaped screen 7 and is further crushed by the sharp blades 9 on the arc-shaped screen 7. The shear blades not only crush the biomass but also continuously fan the hot air as the arc-shaped screen 7 rotates, thus increasing the drying effect on the biomass. The arc-shaped screen 7 serves several purposes: first, it screens the biomass; second, it fans the hot air as it rotates; third, its arc shape guides the biomass that is mainly concentrated in the center of the pelleting box 1 to the outside, improving the overall uniformity of the biomass distribution; and fourth, as the arc-shaped screen 7 guides the biomass to the edge, the sharp blades 9 on it continuously cut and crush the rolling biomass, improving the crushing effect on the biomass.

[0042] In addition, some of the biomass screened from the arc screen 7 falls directly onto the grinding base plate from the edge, while some falls onto the grinding base plate through the through hole 11 on the grinding extrusion disc 8. As the grinding extrusion disc 8 rotates continuously, the extrusion rod 12 and the grinding protrusion 13 continuously grind the crushed biomass. After grinding for a period of time, the extrusion rod on the grinding extrusion disc 8 aligns with the grinding hole 15, the grinding extrusion disc 8 moves downward, the extrusion rod extends into the grinding hole 15, and extrudes the biomass downward. At this time, the biomass is pelletized under the extrusion rod and the baffle 16. Afterward, the baffle 16 rotates, opening the extrusion hole, and the extrusion rod continues to move downward, thereby pushing the biomass pellets out of the grinding hole 15. At this time, the biomass pellets fall to the bottom of the pelleting box 1, thus completing the entire pelleting process.

[0043] In the above process, the grinding and extrusion disc 8 and the extrusion rod 12 not only grind the biomass, but also extrude and shape it. In addition, as the grinding and extrusion disc 8 rotates continuously, it works with the grinding base plate to spread the biomass evenly. It has multiple functions in one structure, with ingenious design and compact structure.

[0044] The baffle 16 not only blocks the grinding hole 15, making it easier to cooperate with the extrusion rod 12 to extrude biomass into shape, but also, during the rotation process, it can fan the biomass pellets falling to the bottom of the pelleting box 1 to reduce the temperature of the biomass pellets, thereby facilitating discharge.

[0045] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for understanding this invention and are not intended to limit this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A biomass pelletizing device, comprising a pelletizing box, a feed hopper at the top of the pelletizing box, and a crushing shaft rotatably mounted inside the pelletizing box, wherein a first crushing blade is mounted on the crushing shaft, characterized in that: The crushing shaft has a flow channel inside, and a vent on the crushing shaft leading from the flow channel to the outside. The flow channel is connected to a hot air blower. The granulation box has an upwardly protruding arc-shaped screen and a downwardly protruding arc-shaped grinding and pressing disc rotating below the crushing shaft. The arc-shaped screen has multiple sharp blades and a ring of protrusions corresponding to the first crushing blade. The grinding and pressing disc can move up and down and has multiple through holes. The bottom of the grinding and pressing disc has multiple pressing rods and multiple grinding protrusions. The granulation box has a grinding base plate below the grinding and pressing disc. The grinding base plate has multiple grinding holes corresponding to the pressing rods. The granulation box has a baffle rotating at the lower part of the grinding base plate. The baffle plate has through holes corresponding to the grinding holes. During the rotation of the baffle plate, the grinding holes are opened or closed. A second motor is located in the center of the grinding chassis. The second motor is connected to a first rotating shaft. The arc-shaped screen is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft. The grinding and pressing disc is slidably connected to the first rotating shaft. The first rotating shaft is provided with a sliding groove, the grinding and pressing disc is provided with a slider, the grinding and pressing disc is slidably connected to the first rotating shaft through the slider, and the grinding and pressing disc is provided with a moving motor that can drive it to slide up and down. The first rotating shaft is equipped with a second crushing blade.

2. The biomass pelletizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: As the first crushing blade rotates, it continuously presses down on the protrusion.

3. The biomass pelletizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing shaft is connected to the first motor.

4. The biomass pelletizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edge of the baffle is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the granulation box, and the center of the baffle is connected to the third motor through a second rotating shaft. The third motor is located at the bottom of the granulation box.

5. A biomass pelletizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pelleting box is provided with an openable unloading door on the lower right side, and the bottom of the pelleting box is provided with an inclined bottom plate that gradually slopes downward from left to right.

6. A biomass pelletizing apparatus according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The granulation box is equipped with a transparent observation window.

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