A harvesting machine

Abstract

The present invention provides a harvester, and relates to the technical field of crop harvesting. A harvester includes an ear-stem separation device, and the ear-stem separation device of the harvester includes a frame, a straw chain is installed above the frame, a driving assembly is installed inside the frame, two output ends of the driving assembly are respectively connected to a horizontally arranged ear-picking roller, the two ear-picking rollers rotate in opposite directions, a chopping blade is arranged below one of the ear-picking rollers, two protection plates are fixedly connected to the front and rear side walls of the frame, two groups of ear-picking plate assemblies arranged at intervals in front and behind are fixedly connected to the frame, and an auxiliary cutting kit is arranged in the ear-picking plate assembly. By arranging the auxiliary cutting assembly, when the connection between the corn ear and the corn plant is relatively tough, the connection point between the corn ear and the plant is cut off, so that the corn ear is picked off smoothly, and the corn tail is prevented from being subjected to a large extrusion force for a long time, causing damage to the corn tail and affecting the quality of the corn.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop harvesting, and in particular to a harvester. Background Art

[0002] Corn, stalks are erect, usually unbranched, 1-4 meters high, with aerial prop roots at each node at the base. Leaf sheaths have transverse veins; ligules are membranous, about 2 mm long; leaves are flat and wide, linear-lanceolate, with rounded and ear-shaped bases. The terminal male panicle is large, with fine soft hairs on the main axis and the axis of the raceme and its axils.

[0003] The corn cob separation device in the corn harvester is used to separate the corn cobs from the rhizomes to form single corn cobs, which is convenient for the later fine processing of the corn cobs.

[0004] The existing ear-stalk separation device mainly drives the corn plant downward through the ear-picking roller, and the corn ears move to the top of the ear-picking plate. The gap between the ear-picking plates is smaller than the diameter of the corn ears, and the ears are blocked on the ear-picking plates, so they are separated from the corn stalks and the ears are picked. For corn ears with strong connections, the tail of the corn will be squeezed for a long time, causing damage to the tail corn and affecting the quality of the corn. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention provides a harvester, which is used to solve the problem in the prior art that the tail of a corn connected to a strong corn cob will be squeezed for a long time, causing damage to the tail of the corn and affecting the quality of the corn.

[0006] On the one hand, the present invention provides a harvester, including an ear-stem separation device, the ear-stem separation device includes a frame, a straw chain is installed above the frame, a drive assembly is installed inside the frame, two output ends of the drive assembly are respectively connected to a horizontally arranged ear-picking roller, the two ear-picking rollers rotate in opposite directions, a chopping blade is arranged under one of the ear-picking rollers, two protective plates are fixedly connected to the front and rear side walls of the frame, two groups of ear-picking plate assemblies arranged at intervals front and back are fixedly connected to the frame, and an auxiliary cutting kit is arranged in the ear-picking plate assembly.

[0007] Preferably, the ear picking plate assembly includes a mounting frame, the mounting frame is fixedly connected to the side wall of the frame, the side wall of the mounting frame is fixedly connected with a width adaptation kit, the width adaptation kit is fixedly connected with a buffer kit, and the auxiliary cutting kit is arranged below the buffer kit.

[0008] Preferably, the width adaptation kit includes a fixed seat, which is fixedly connected to the side wall of the mounting frame, and a mounting groove 1 is provided on the fixed seat. Two sliding grooves 1 along the front-to-back direction are correspondingly provided on the upper and lower sides of the mounting groove 1. The adjustment plate includes a working part and a mounting part. The mounting part is slidably connected in the mounting groove 1 along the front-to-back direction. A limit rod is fixedly connected to the upper and lower surfaces of the mounting part respectively, and the two limit rods slide in the corresponding sliding groove 1 respectively. A spring 1 is sleeved on the mounting part, and both ends of the spring 1 are respectively fixedly connected to the working part and a side wall of the mounting groove.

[0009] Preferably, the buffer kit includes an adjustment frame, which is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the working part of the adjustment plate in the vertical direction. The adjustment frame is provided with a vertical sliding groove 2, in which a buffer plate is slidably connected in the up and down directions, and a spring 2 is fixedly connected between the lower surface of the buffer plate and the inner bottom surface of the sliding groove 2.

[0010] Preferably, a trigger rod is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the buffer plate, and the auxiliary cutting kit includes a rotating seat, which is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the working part of the adjusting plate, and the upper end of the rotating seat is rotatably connected to a cutting plate that rotates in a vertical direction, and the free end of the cutting plate is provided with a cutting blade, and the lower surface of the cutting plate is provided with a sliding groove three along the front-to-back direction, and a spring rod one is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the working part of the adjusting plate, and the telescopic end of the spring rod one is fixedly connected to a sliding rod arranged along the left-right direction, and the sliding rod is slidably connected in the sliding groove three.

[0011] Preferably, the plowing chain includes a support frame, which is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the frame, the support frame is U-shaped, and the front and rear side walls of the support frame are correspondingly provided with two sliding grooves four in the left and right directions. A center rod one is fixedly connected between the front and rear side walls of the support frame, one end of the rotating rod one is rotatably connected to the center rod one, the other end of the rotating rod one is rotatably connected to one end of the rotating rod two, the other end of the rotating rod two is rotatably connected to one end of the spring rod two, and the other end of the spring rod two is fixedly connected to the sliding support plate, the sliding support plate is slidably connected in the sliding groove four, the sliding support plate is rotatably connected with a support gear, and the upper surface of the support frame is also fixedly connected to a driving gear, the driving gear is powered by a driving assembly, and the chain body is respectively meshed with the support gear and the driving gear for transmission.

[0012] The present invention also discloses a harvester, comprising the above-mentioned ear-stem separation device, the harvester also comprising a cockpit, a collecting box is arranged on the right side of the cockpit, a cutting table is arranged on the left side of the cockpit, a plurality of groups of ear-stem separation devices and collecting devices are arranged in the cutting table, the collecting device is used to collect the ear bodies separated by the ear-stem separation device, a conveying device is arranged at the discharge port of the collecting device, the discharge port of the conveying device is located above the collecting box, an auxiliary component is arranged in the collecting box, and the auxiliary component is used to buffer the ear bodies.

[0013] Preferably, the auxiliary component includes a buffer box, which is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the collecting box, a buffer cavity is provided in the collecting box, a discharge port is provided on the right wall of the buffer cavity, a plurality of spring rods three are fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the buffer cavity, the fixed end of the spring rod three is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the buffer cavity, the telescopic end of the spring rod three is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the load-bearing plate, an inclined plate is provided above the load-bearing plate, an inclined surface is provided on the upper surface of the inclined plate, a plurality of springs three are fixedly connected between the upper surface of the load-bearing plate and the lower surface of the inclined plate, an installation groove two is provided on the upper surface of the load-bearing plate, a support block is fixedly connected in the installation groove two, a protective block is slidably connected to the upper edge of the support block in the up and down directions, a group of trigger components are respectively provided on the front and rear sides of the support block, and the trigger components are used to control the lifting and lowering of the protective block.

[0014] Preferably, a temporary storage cavity is respectively provided on the front and rear sides of the buffer cavity, the buffer cavity and the temporary storage cavity are connected through an emergency port, a revolving door is installed at the emergency port, a sensor is installed on the revolving door, the sensor is used to detect the opening state of the revolving door, the fixed end of the telescopic ring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the temporary storage cavity, the telescopic end of the telescopic ring is fixedly connected to the revolving door, and two groups of front-to-back symmetrical door opening assemblies are provided under the load-bearing plate, each door opening assembly corresponds to a revolving door, and the door opening assembly is used to open the revolving door.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes:

[0016] The spreading plate is arranged under the cutting platform and is driven by the driving motor to evenly spread the straw chopped by the chopping blades;

[0017] Wind speed sensor, located at the top of the cockpit, is used to detect real-time wind speed and direction;

[0018] The first rotation speed sensor is used to detect the actual rotation speed of the ear picking roller;

[0019] A second rotation speed sensor is used to detect the actual rotation speed of the chopping blade;

[0020] The third speed sensor is used to detect the actual speed of the spreading disc;

[0021] A speed calculation unit, used to calculate a target speed of the spreading disc;

[0022] ;

[0023] in, is the target speed of the spreading disc; L is the preset spreading width; π is the pi; is the radius of the spreading plate; g is the acceleration of gravity; H is the height of the spreading port of the spreading plate from the ground; ln is the logarithmic function with e as the base; e is the natural base; S is the actual humidity of the straw; is the preset humidity calculation reference value; D is the reference length of straw throwing; is the radius of the picking roller; is the actual speed of the picking roller; is the rotation speed of the shredding blade; T is the number of blades of the shredding blade; k is the preset wind speed calculation coefficient; v is the actual wind speed; It is the angle between the wind direction and the harvester's travel direction;

[0024] When the actual speed of the spreading disc is lower than the target speed of the spreading disc, the output power of the driving motor is controlled to be adjusted to the target power;

[0025] The target power of the drive motor is calculated based on the following formula:

[0026] ;

[0027] in, is the target power of the driving motor; is the actual current rotation speed of the spreading disc; is the actual power of the driving motor.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] By setting up an auxiliary cutting component, when the connection between the corn cob and the corn plant is relatively tough, the connection point between the corn cob and the plant is cut off, so that the corn cob can be picked off smoothly, avoiding the corn tail being subjected to a large squeezing force for a long time, causing damage to the corn tail and affecting the quality of the corn. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an ear-stem separation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a left-side structural schematic diagram of an ear-stem separation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the middle A area;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a harvester provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5It is a D-direction view of a buffer box in a harvester provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the middle B region;

[0037] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the middle C region.

[0038] Reference numerals:

[0039] 1. Frame; 2. Grain-pulling chain; 3. Picking roller; 4. Chopping blade; 5. Protection plate; 6. Fixed seat; 7. Mounting slot 1; 8. Sliding slot 1; 9. Adjustment plate; 901. Working part; 902. Mounting part; 11. Limit rod; 12. Spring 1; 13. Adjustment frame; 14. Sliding slot 2; 15. Buffer plate; 16. Spring 2; 17. Trigger rod; 18. Rotating seat; 19. Cutting plate; 20. Cutting blade; 21. Sliding slot 3; 22. Spring rod 1; 23. Sliding rod; 24. Support frame; 25. Sliding slot 4; 26. Center rod 1; 27. Rotating rod 1; 28. Rotating rod 2; 29. ​​Spring rod 2; 30. Sliding support plate; 31. Support gear; 32. Driving gear; 33. Chain body; 34. Cockpit; 35. Collecting box; 36, cutting table; 37, collecting device; 38, conveying device; 39, buffer box; 40, buffer chamber; 41, discharge port; 42, spring rod three; 43, load-bearing plate; 44, inclined plate; 45, inclined surface; 46, spring three; 47, mounting groove two; 48, support block; 49, protection block; 50, conical surface one; 51, mounting rod one; 52, sliding block one; 53, conical surface two; 54, spring four; 55, rotating seat one; 56, rotating seat two; 57, rotating plate one; 58, temporary storage chamber; 59, rotating door; 60, telescopic ring; 61, mounting groove three; 62, mounting rod two; 63, sliding block two; 64, spring five; 65, rotating plate two; 66, rotating seat three; 67, mounting plate; 68, door support rod; 69, mounting frame. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] In addition, in the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes, and do not specifically refer to the order or sequence, nor are they used to limit the present invention. They are only used to distinguish components or operations described with the same technical terms, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions and technical features between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] This embodiment provides a spike-stem separation device, such as Figure 1-3 As shown, it includes a frame 1, a straw chain 2 is installed above the frame 1, a driving assembly is installed inside the frame 1, two output ends of the driving assembly are respectively connected to a horizontally arranged ear picking roller 3, the two ear picking rollers 3 rotate in opposite directions, a chopping blade 4 is arranged under one of the ear picking rollers 3, two protective plates 5 are fixedly connected to the front and rear side walls of the frame 1, two groups of ear picking board assemblies arranged at intervals in front and behind are fixedly connected to the frame 1, and an auxiliary cutting kit is arranged in the ear picking board assembly.

[0044] Preferably, the ear picking plate assembly includes a mounting frame 69, which is fixedly connected to the side wall of the frame 1, and a width adaptation kit is fixedly connected to the side wall of the mounting frame 69, a buffer kit is fixedly connected to the width adaptation kit, and an auxiliary cutting kit is arranged below the buffer kit.

[0045] Preferably, the width adaptation kit includes a fixed seat 6, which is fixedly connected to the side wall of the mounting frame 69, and a mounting groove 7 is provided on the fixed seat 6. Two sliding grooves 8 along the front-to-back direction are correspondingly provided on the upper and lower sides of the mounting groove 7. The adjustment plate 9 includes a working part 901 and a mounting part 902. The mounting part 902 is slidably connected in the mounting groove 7 along the front-to-back direction. A limiting rod 11 is fixedly connected to the upper and lower surfaces of the mounting part 902, respectively. The two limiting rods 11 slide in the corresponding sliding groove 8, respectively. A spring 12 is sleeved on the mounting part 902, and both ends of the spring 12 are respectively fixedly connected to the working part 901 and the side wall of the mounting groove 7.

[0046] Preferably, the buffer kit includes an adjustment frame 13, which is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the working part 901 of the adjustment plate 9 in the vertical direction. A vertical sliding groove 14 is provided on the adjustment frame 13. A buffer plate 15 is slidably connected in the sliding groove 14 in the up and down directions. A spring 16 is fixedly connected between the lower surface of the buffer plate 15 and the bottom surface of the sliding groove 14.

[0047] Preferably, a trigger rod 17 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the buffer plate 15, and the auxiliary cutting kit includes a rotating seat 18, which is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the working part 901 of the adjusting plate 9, and the upper end of the rotating seat 18 is rotatably connected to a cutting plate 19 that rotates in a vertical direction, and a cutting blade 20 is provided at the free end of the cutting plate 19, and a sliding groove three 21 along the front-to-back direction is provided on the lower surface of the cutting plate 19, and a spring rod 22 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the working part 901 of the adjusting plate 9, and the telescopic end of the spring rod 22 is fixedly connected to a sliding rod 23 arranged along the left-right direction, and the sliding rod 23 is slidably connected in the sliding groove three 21.

[0048] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are:

[0049] When harvesting corn, the straw chain 2 straightens the corn plant and guides it between the two ear picking rollers 3. The two ear picking rollers 3 rotate towards each other to pull the corn plant downward. As the corn plant is pulled downward, the corn cobs are blocked by the ear picking plate assembly and are left above the ear picking plate assembly. When the connection between the corn cobs and the corn plants is relatively strong, the connection points between the corn cobs and the plants are cut off by the auxiliary cutting assembly, so that the corn cobs can be smoothly picked off, avoiding the corn tails being subjected to a large squeezing force for a long time, causing damage to the corn tails and affecting the quality of the corn.

[0050] When the corn plant enters the ear picking plate assembly area, the main body of the corn plant squeezes the adjustment plate 9, causing the adjustment plate 9 to slide in the mounting groove 7, so that the gap between the two adjustment plates 9 adapts to the thickness of the corn plant, achieving the function of automatically adjusting the gap width, replacing the manual width adjustment, so that the gap width between the adjustment plates 9 is more matched with the thickness of the corn plant, avoiding impurities such as corn stalks from mixing into the corn cobs, and avoiding the contact between the corn cobs and the ear picking rollers 3, causing the corn cobs to be gnawed and the grains to fall off, affecting the quality of the corn.

[0051] When the corn plant is pulled down, the corn cob first contacts the buffer plate 15, and a part of the kinetic energy is released through the buffering of the buffer plate 15, thereby reducing the impact force on the tail of the corn cob, realizing flexible picking of the corn cob and avoiding damage to the corn cob during the separation of the cob and stalk.

[0052] When the connection between the corn cob and the corn plant is relatively strong, as the ear picking roller 3 is pulled, the buffer plate 15 moves downward under the downward pressure of the corn cob. As the buffer plate 15 moves downward, the trigger rod 17 presses the cutting plate 19 to rotate toward the corn plant on the rotating seat 18. As the cutting plates 19 on the front and rear sides rotate toward the corn plant at the same time, the gap between the two cutting plates 19 becomes smaller, so that the two cutting blades 20 cut off the corn plant, thereby achieving the effect of separating the corn cob and avoiding damage to the tail of the corn cob and affecting the quality of the corn. After the corn cob is cut off, the buffer plate 15 and the cutting plate 19, which have lost the downward pressure exerted by the corn cob, return to their original positions under the action of the spring 2 16 and the spring rod 1 22 respectively, thereby achieving the function of continuously completing the ear and stalk separation action.

[0053] By arranging the buffer kit and the auxiliary cutting kit on the working part 901 of the adjusting plate 9, the gap between the buffer kit and the auxiliary cutting kit can be adjusted along with the working part 901 of the adjusting plate 9, so that the buffer kit and the auxiliary cutting kit can fit the corn plant more closely, thereby improving the effect of separating the cobs and stalks and ensuring the quality of the separated corn cobs.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] On the basis of Example 1, Figure 1 As shown, the plowing chain 2 includes a support frame 24, which is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the frame 1, and the support frame 24 is U-shaped. The front and rear side walls of the support frame 24 are correspondingly provided with two sliding grooves four 25 in the left and right directions. A center rod one 26 is fixedly connected between the front and rear side walls of the support frame 24, one end of a rotating rod one 27 is rotatably connected to the center rod one 26, the other end of the rotating rod one 27 is rotatably connected to one end of a rotating rod two 28, the other end of the rotating rod two 28 is rotatably connected to one end of a spring rod two 29, the other end of the spring rod two 29 is fixedly connected to a sliding support plate 30, the sliding support plate 30 is slidably connected in the sliding groove four 25, the sliding support plate 30 is rotatably connected with a support gear 31, and the upper surface of the support frame 24 is also fixedly connected with a driving gear 32, the driving gear 32 is powered by a driving assembly, and the chain body 33 is respectively meshed with the support gear 31 and the driving gear 32 for transmission.

[0056] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are:

[0057] When the weeding chain 2 is working, the chain body 33 is driven to rotate by the driving gear 32. When the chain body 33 needs to be inspected, the connection point of the rotating rod 1 27 and the rotating rod 2 28 is pulled upward, so that the rotating rod 1 27 rotates clockwise with the center rod 1 26 as the rotation center, and the rotating rod 2 28 rotates counterclockwise with the connection point with the spring rod 2 29 as the rotation center, so that the sliding support plate 30 slides on the horizontal plane toward the driving gear 32, so that the chain body 33 loses the tensioning effect provided by the supporting gear 31 and the driving gear 32, which facilitates the removal of the chain body 33. When the chain body 33 needs to be installed, first place the chain body 33 in the installation position, then slowly rotate the rotating rod 1 27 in the counterclockwise direction and the rotating rod 2 28 in the clockwise direction, and keep adjusting the position of the chain body 33 until the supporting gear 31 and the driving gear 32 tension the chain body 33 to complete the installation.

[0058] The chain body 33 is tensioned by supporting the gear 31 and driving the gear 32, thereby improving the stability of the chain body 33 during operation and improving the safety during use. By providing a straw chain 2 that is easy to disassemble and assemble, the difficulty of overhauling the ear-stem separation device is reduced, making it easy to carry out maintenance in the field, and being able to eliminate faults in a timely manner for continued use, thereby ensuring the efficiency of the ear-stem separation device.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] This embodiment provides a harvester, including an ear-stem separation device as described in any one of embodiments 1-2, such as Figure 4-7 As shown, the harvester also includes a cockpit 34, a collecting box 35 is arranged on the right side of the cockpit 34, a cutting platform 36 is arranged on the left side of the cockpit 34, and a plurality of groups of ear-stem separation devices and collecting devices 37 are arranged in the cutting platform 36. The collecting device 37 is used to collect the ear bodies separated by the ear-stem separation device. A conveying device 38 is arranged at the discharge port 41 of the collecting device 37. The discharge port 41 of the conveying device 38 is located above the collecting box 35. Auxiliary components are arranged in the collecting box 35, and the auxiliary components are used to buffer the ear bodies.

[0061] Preferably, the auxiliary component includes a buffer box 39, which is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the collecting box 35. A buffer cavity 40 is arranged in the collecting box 35. A discharge port 41 is arranged on the right side wall of the buffer cavity 40. A plurality of spring rods 42 are fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the buffer cavity 40. The fixed end of the spring rod 42 is fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the buffer cavity 40. The telescopic end of the spring rod 42 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the load-bearing plate 43. An inclined plate 44 is arranged above the load-bearing plate 43. An inclined surface 45 is arranged on the upper surface of the inclined plate 44. A plurality of springs 46 are fixedly connected between the upper surface of the load-bearing plate 43 and the lower surface of the inclined plate 44. An installation groove 47 is arranged on the upper surface of the load-bearing plate 43. A support block 48 is fixedly connected in the installation groove 47. A protective block 49 is slidably connected to the support block 48 in the up and down directions. A group of trigger components are respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the support block 48, and the trigger components are used to control the lifting and lowering of the protective block 49.

[0062] Preferably, a temporary storage chamber 58 is respectively provided on the front and rear sides of the buffer chamber 40, and the buffer chamber 40 and the temporary storage chamber 58 are connected through an emergency port, and a revolving door 59 is installed at the emergency port, and a sensor is installed on the revolving door 59, and the sensor is used to detect the opening state of the revolving door 59, and the fixed end of the telescopic ring 60 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the temporary storage chamber 58, and the telescopic end of the telescopic ring 60 is fixedly connected to the revolving door 59, and two groups of front-to-back symmetrical door opening assemblies are provided under the load-bearing plate 43, each door opening assembly corresponds to a revolving door 59, and the door opening assembly is used to open the revolving door 59.

[0063] In this embodiment, a conical surface 50 is provided on the front and rear sides of the protection block 49, and the trigger assembly includes:

[0064] Mounting rod 51 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the support block 48, a sliding block 52 is slidably connected to the mounting rod 51 along the front-back direction, a conical surface 2 53 is provided on the side of the sliding block 52 close to the protection block 49, a spring 4 54 is fixedly connected between the sliding block 52 and the support block 48, a rotating seat 1 55 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the sliding block 52, a rotating seat 2 56 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the inclined plate 44, and both ends of the rotating plate 1 57 are rotatably connected to the rotating seat 1 55 and the rotating seat 2 56 respectively.

[0065] In this embodiment, the door opening assembly includes:

[0066] Mounting slot three 61, mounting slot three 61 is arranged on the lower surface of the bearing plate along the front-to-back direction, mounting slot three 61 is fixedly connected with mounting rod two 62, mounting rod two 62 is slidably connected with sliding block two 63 along the front-to-back direction, a spring five 64 is fixedly connected between sliding block two 63 and the inner wall of mounting slot three 61, a rotating plate two 65 is rotatably connected to the lower surface of sliding block two 63, the other end of rotating plate two 65 is rotatably connected to rotating seat three 66, rotating seat three 66 is fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of buffer cavity 40, a mounting plate 67 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of sliding block two 63, a side of mounting plate 67 close to rotating door 59 is fixedly connected with door support rod 68, door support rod 68 slides through the side wall of mounting slot three 61.

[0067] In this embodiment, the collecting device 35 and the conveying device 36 are both prior art. The collecting device 35 can refer to the conveying auger in the header device of an unmanned corn harvester in CN117441486A; the conveying device 36 can refer to the header device of a corn harvester and the feeding component in the harvester in CN116982472A;

[0068] In this embodiment, a spring is provided inside the fixed end of the telescopic ring 60. Under the action of the spring, the telescopic end is in an extended state, thereby ensuring that the rotating door remains in a closed state under normal circumstances.

[0069] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are:

[0070] After the corn cob falls from the conveying device 38, it first falls on the inclined plate 44. After the inclined plate 44 is impacted, the impact force of the corn cob is buffered by the spring three 46 to prevent the impact force of the corn cob from being effectively buffered after it falls, causing the corn cob to be damaged under the action of the impact force. The corn that falls on the inclined surface 45 falls into the collecting box 35 from the discharge port 41 along the inclined surface 45. By providing a buffer box 39, the corn cob that falls from the conveying device 38 is received by the buffer box 39 once and then falls into the collecting box 35, thereby reducing the height difference of the corn cob falling into the collecting box 35, and preventing the corn cob from falling directly on the bottom surface of the collecting box 35. Due to the excessive height difference, the impact force on the corn cob is too large at the moment of falling to the ground, causing the corn cob to be damaged. The corn cob that falls on the inclined surface 45 is further buffered by the spring three 46 to further protect the corn cob from being damaged.

[0071] When the collecting box 35 is full or the discharging port 41 is blocked, the corn cobs will stay in the buffer chamber 40. As the number of corn cobs in the buffer chamber 40 increases, the spring three 46 is first compressed to the limit. As the conical block moves downward, under the action of the rotating plate one 57, the two sliding blocks one 52 approach each other, so that the conical surface one 50 contacts the conical surface two 53, so that the sliding block one 52 squeezes under the protective block 49 and lifts the protective block 49, thereby providing support for the conical block through the protective block 49, avoiding the spring three 46 from being compressed to the point beyond the elastic limit and being damaged. When the fault is eliminated, under the action of the spring three 46, the conical block returns to the initial position. Under the action of the rotating plate one 57, the two sliding blocks one 52 return to the initial position. The protective block 49 that loses the supporting force of the sliding block one 52 falls on the supporting block 48. Under normal working conditions, the lower surface of the inclined plate 44 will not contact the protective block 49, thereby ensuring that the buffering capacity of the inclined plate 44 is not affected.

[0072] After the inclined plate 44 contacts the protection block 49, the corn cob continues to fall into the buffer chamber 40, compressing the spring rod 3 42 and causing the load-bearing plate 43 to move downward, thereby increasing the area used by the discharge port 41, thereby solving the problem of the discharge port 41 being blocked. When increasing the area of ​​the discharge port 41 cannot solve the problem of the corn cob being blocked, the spring rod 3 42 will be further compressed under the action of the gravity of the corn cob that continues to fall into the buffer chamber 40, thereby causing the two sliding blocks 2 63 to move away from each other under the action of the rotating plate 2 65, thereby causing the door support rod 68 to contact the rotating door 59, thereby pushing the rotating door 59 open, allowing the buffer chamber 40 to be opened. The corn cobs fall into the temporary storage chamber 58 on the front and rear sides of the buffer chamber 40 to prevent the corn cobs from overflowing the buffer chamber 40 and falling on the ground to cause damage to the corn cobs. When the sensor detects that the rotating door 59 is opened, an alarm is issued. At this time, manual intervention is required. There is a probability that the collection box 35 is full or the blockage is too serious and cannot be solved independently. In all the above situations, harvesting needs to be stopped and troubleshooting is performed by manual intervention. Through the setting of spring four 54 and spring five 64, after the corn cobs in the buffer chamber 40 are cleared, the sliding block one 52 and the sliding block two 63 can automatically return to their positions without manual return, thereby improving the use efficiency of the harvester.

[0073] Example 4

[0074] On the basis of Example 3, the invention further includes:

[0075] A spreading plate is arranged below the cutting table 36 and is driven to rotate by a driving motor to evenly spread the straw chopped by the chopping blades 4;

[0076] A wind speed sensor, disposed at the top of the cockpit 34, for detecting real-time wind speed and wind direction;

[0077] The first rotation speed sensor is used to detect the actual rotation speed of the ear picking roller 3;

[0078] A second rotation speed sensor is used to detect the actual rotation speed of the chopping blade 4;

[0079] The third speed sensor is used to detect the actual speed of the spreading disc;

[0080] A speed calculation unit, used to calculate a target speed of the spreading disc;

[0081] ;

[0082] in, is the target speed of the spreading disc; L is the preset spreading width; π is the pi; is the radius of the spreading plate; g is the acceleration of gravity; H is the height of the spreading port of the spreading plate from the ground; ln is the logarithmic function with e as the base; e is the natural base; S is the actual humidity of the straw; is the preset humidity calculation reference value; D is the reference length of straw throwing; is the radius of the picking roller 3; is the actual rotation speed of the ear picking roller 3; is the rotation speed of the chopping blade 4; T is the number of blades of the chopping blade 4; k is the preset wind speed calculation coefficient; v is the actual wind speed; It is the angle between the wind direction and the harvester's travel direction;

[0083] When the actual speed of the spreading disc is lower than the target speed of the spreading disc, the output power of the driving motor is controlled to be adjusted to the target power;

[0084] The target power of the drive motor is calculated based on the following formula:

[0085] ;

[0086] in, is the target power of the driving motor; is the actual current rotation speed of the spreading disc; is the actual power of the driving motor.

[0087] In this embodiment, the straw throwing length is the length of each section of straw when the straw is thrown, and the straw throwing reference length is a preset reference value of the straw throwing length when performing calculation.

[0088] In this embodiment, the actual humidity of the straw is the data input into the harvester after manual detection in advance.

[0089] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are:

[0090] Through the working conditions of the spreading disc, the physical properties of the straw (humidity and length of the straw), and the ambient wind speed, the target speed of the spreading disc required to maintain the preset spreading width is calculated to ensure that the spreading width of the spreading disc can remain stable during the operation of the harvester, ensuring the uniform spreading of the straw fragments and the spreading effect of the straw fragments.

[0091] When the actual speed of the spreading disc is lower than the target speed of the spreading disc, the speed of the spreading disc is adjusted by adjusting the power of the driving motor so that the speed of the spreading disc can reach the target speed, thereby ensuring that the spreading width of the spreading disc can reach the expected width and ensuring the spreading effect of the straw debris.

[0092] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A harvester, comprising an ear-stem separation device, characterized in that: The ear-stem separation device comprises a frame (1), a straw chain (2) is installed above the frame (1), a driving assembly is installed inside the frame (1), two output ends of the driving assembly are respectively connected to a horizontally arranged ear-picking roller (3), the two ear-picking rollers (3) rotate in opposite directions, a chopping blade (4) is arranged below one of the ear-picking rollers (3), two protection plates (5) are fixedly connected to the front and rear side walls of the frame (1), two groups of ear-picking plate assemblies arranged at intervals in front and behind are fixedly connected to the frame (1), and an auxiliary cutting kit is arranged in the ear-picking plate assembly; The ear picking plate assembly comprises a mounting frame (69), the mounting frame (69) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the frame (1), a width adaptation kit is fixedly connected to the side wall of the mounting frame (69), a buffer kit is fixedly connected to the width adaptation kit, and an auxiliary cutting kit is arranged below the buffer kit; The width adaptation kit comprises a fixing seat (6), the fixing seat (6) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the mounting frame (69), a mounting groove (7) is arranged on the fixing seat (6), two sliding grooves (8) along the front-back direction are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the mounting groove (7), the adjustment plate (9) comprises a working part (901) and a mounting part (902), the mounting part (902) is slidably connected in the mounting groove (7) along the front-back direction, a limiting rod (11) is fixedly connected to the upper and lower surfaces of the mounting part (902), the two limiting rods (11) slide in the corresponding sliding grooves (8), a spring (12) is sleeved on the mounting part (902), and the two ends of the spring (12) are respectively fixedly connected to the working part (901) and the side wall of the mounting groove (7); The buffer kit comprises an adjustment frame (13), the adjustment frame (13) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the working part (901) of the adjustment plate (9) in the vertical direction, a second sliding groove (14) in the vertical direction is provided on the adjustment frame (13), a buffer plate (15) is slidably connected in the second sliding groove (14) in the up-down direction, and a second spring (16) is fixedly connected between the lower surface of the buffer plate (15) and the inner bottom surface of the second sliding groove (14); The lower surface of the buffer plate (15) is fixedly connected with a trigger rod (17), the auxiliary cutting kit comprises a rotating seat (18), the rotating seat (18) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the working part (901) of the adjusting plate (9), the upper end of the rotating seat (18) is rotatably connected with a cutting plate (19) that rotates in the vertical direction, the free end of the cutting plate (19) is provided with a cutting blade (20), the lower surface of the cutting plate (19) is provided with a sliding groove three (21) along the front-back direction, the upper surface of the working part (901) of the adjusting plate (9) is fixedly connected with a spring rod one (22), the telescopic end of the spring rod one (22) is fixedly connected with a sliding rod (23) arranged along the left-right direction, and the sliding rod (23) is slidably connected in the sliding groove three (21); The harvester also includes a cab (34), a collecting box (35) is arranged on the right side of the cab (34), a cutting platform (36) is arranged on the left side of the cab (34), a plurality of groups of ear-stem separation devices and a collecting device (37) are arranged in the cutting platform (36), the collecting device (37) is used to collect the ear bodies separated by the ear-stem separation device, a conveying device (38) is arranged at the discharge port (41) of the collecting device (37), the discharge port (41) of the conveying device (38) is located above the collecting box (35), and an auxiliary component is arranged in the collecting box (35), and the auxiliary component is used to buffer the ear bodies; The auxiliary component comprises a buffer box (39), the buffer box (39) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the collection box (35), a buffer chamber (40) is arranged in the collection box (35), a discharge port (41) is arranged on the right side wall of the buffer chamber (40), a plurality of spring rods (42) are fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the buffer chamber (40), the fixed end of the spring rods (42) is fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the buffer chamber (40), the telescopic end of the spring rods (42) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the bearing plate (43), and an inclined spring rod (41) is arranged above the bearing plate (43). The upper surface of the inclined plate (44) is provided with an inclined surface (45), a plurality of springs (46) are fixedly connected between the upper surface of the load-bearing plate (43) and the lower surface of the inclined plate (44), a mounting groove (47) is provided on the upper surface of the load-bearing plate (43), a support block (48) is fixedly connected in the mounting groove (47), a protection block (49) is slidably connected to the support block (48) along the up-down direction, and a group of trigger components are respectively provided on the front and rear sides of the support block (48), and the trigger components are used to control the lifting of the protection block (49); A temporary storage chamber (58) is respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the buffer chamber (40), the buffer chamber (40) and the temporary storage chamber (58) are connected through an emergency port, a rotating door (59) is installed on the emergency port, a sensor is installed on the rotating door (59), the sensor is used to detect the opening state of the rotating door (59), the fixed end of the telescopic ring (60) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the temporary storage chamber (58), the telescopic end of the telescopic ring (60) is fixedly connected to the rotating door (59), and two groups of front-to-back symmetrical door opening components are arranged below the load-bearing plate (43), each door opening component corresponds to a rotating door (59), and the door opening component is used to open the rotating door (59).

2. A harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weaving chain (2) comprises a support frame (24), the support frame (24) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the frame (1), the support frame (24) is U-shaped, and the front and rear side walls of the support frame (24) are correspondingly provided with two left and right sliding grooves four (25), a center rod one (26) is fixedly connected between the front and rear side walls of the support frame (24), one end of a rotating rod one (27) is rotatably connected to the center rod one (26), the other end of the rotating rod one (27) is rotatably connected to one end of a rotating rod two (28), and the rotating rod two (28) The other end of the spring rod (29) is rotatably connected to one end of the spring rod (29), and the other end of the spring rod (29) is fixedly connected to the sliding support plate (30). The sliding support plate (30) is slidably connected in the sliding groove (25). The upper surface of the sliding support plate (30) is rotatably connected to a support gear (31). The upper surface of the support frame (24) is also fixedly connected to a driving gear (32). The driving gear (32) is powered by a driving assembly, and the chain body (33) is respectively meshed with the supporting gear (31) and the driving gear (32) for transmission.

Images