A blueberry-specific matrix and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a special substrate for blueberries and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of plant cultivation technology. The special substrate for blueberries of the present invention includes the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of modified fungus bran, 8-12 parts of rice husk, 0.03-0.05 parts of plant growth regulator, 3-5 parts of enteromorpha fermentation, 12-15 parts of coconut bran, 7-10 parts of bagasse, 3-5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 5-8 parts of bean cake, 13-15 parts of garden soil, and 15-20 parts of water. The special substrate for blueberries in the present invention has a high organic matter content, ensures the balance of the C / N ratio in the substrate, enhances the permeability and water holding capacity of the soil, and is more conducive to the growth of blueberries. The use of the substrate provided by the present invention can improve the survival rate of blueberries, promote the growth of blueberry plants, promote blueberry yield, solve the substrate problem in blueberry planting and planting from the source, and can maximize the blueberry planting area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation and relates to a special substrate for blueberries and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Blueberry, also known as blueberry, is a plant of the genus Vaccinium in the family Ericaceae. The average weight of blueberry fruit is 0.5-2.5g, and the maximum weight is 5g. The fruit is beautiful, pleasing to the eye, blue and covered with a layer of white fruit powder. The flesh is delicate, the seeds are very small, and the edible rate is 100%. It has a light fragrance, sweet and sour taste, and is a good fresh food. Blueberry fruit has strong medicinal value and nutritional and health functions. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations lists it as one of the five health foods for humans.

[0003] Since blueberries have shallow roots and no root hairs, their root absorption capacity is much smaller than that of plants with deep root hairs. Their cultivation requires loose, well-ventilated, moist but not waterlogged soil, acidic and high in organic matter. Such soil is very rare in most parts of the country. Therefore, growers need to improve the soil before planting, which greatly increases the cost of planting and limits the development of the blueberry industry.

[0004] The use of a special substrate can regulate and control the root environment of blueberries throughout their growth cycle, effectively avoiding many problems caused by soil cultivation, such as continuous cropping obstacles, soil compaction, soil-borne diseases, etc. The substrate fixes the plant roots, maintains root permeability and water retention in the root environment, more effectively utilizes water and fertilizer, and increases the adaptability of blueberry cultivation. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the invention is to provide a novel special substrate for blueberries. The substrate is used to plant blueberries, which is more conducive to the growth of blueberries, can effectively improve the survival rate of blueberries, increase the blueberry yield, and is suitable for large-scale use and promotion.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve the above purpose:

[0007] A blueberry-specific matrix, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0008] 10-15 parts of modified fungus bran, 8-12 parts of rice husk, 0.03-0.05 parts of plant growth regulator, 3-5 parts of enteromorpha fermentation product, 12-15 parts of coconut bran, 7-10 parts of bagasse, 3-5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 5-8 parts of bean cake, 13-15 parts of garden soil and 15-20 parts of water.

[0009] The preparation method of the modified fungus bran is as follows:

[0010] 1. Dry and crush the mushroom chaff to prepare the mushroom chaff powder; crush the eggshell to prepare the eggshell powder;

[0011] 2. Soak the mushroom bran powder in wood vinegar for 1.5-2 days, dry it, add eggshell powder, mix well and calcine at 400-500℃ for 3-5h under nitrogen protection, cool the calcined mixture, add boric acid and fulvic acid, mix well and crush to obtain modified mushroom bran.

[0012] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned modified mushroom bran preparation method, the weight ratio of each component is mushroom bran powder: eggshell powder: wood vinegar: boric acid, fulvic acid = 1: (0.3-0.5): (1-1.2): (0.5-0.8): (0.3-0.5).

[0013] Furthermore, the plant growth regulator in the above-mentioned matrix can be one or a combination of two or more of indoleacetic acid, naphthylacetic acid, gibberellin, and brassinolide.

[0014] Furthermore, the preparation method of the above-mentioned Enteromorpha fermentation product is:

[0015] Step A, taking fresh Enteromorpha, crushing it, adding a composite decomposition enzyme containing xylanase and hemicellulase, and performing enzymolysis at 35-40° C. for 12-16 hours, and the enzymolysis product is set aside;

[0016] Step B, adding the above enzymatic hydrolysate to EM bacteria and mixing, fermenting at 25-30° C. for 24-36 hours, and obtaining Enteromorpha fermented product after fermentation is completed.

[0017] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned method for preparing the enteromorpha fermentation product, the amount of the composite decomposition enzyme added is 0.5-1.0% of the weight of the enteromorpha.

[0018] Furthermore, the weight ratio of xylanase to hemicellulase in the above-mentioned composite decomposing enzyme is 1:(1-1.5).

[0019] Furthermore, the enzymatic activity of the xylanase is 30,000 U / g, and the enzymatic activity of the hemicellulase is 30,000 U / g.

[0020] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned method for preparing enteromorpha fermentation product, the amount of EM bacteria added is 1-3% of the weight of enteromorpha.

[0021] Furthermore, the EM bacteria mentioned above have an effective viable cell count ≥ 2 billion cfu / g.

[0022] The present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned blueberry-specific matrix, comprising the following steps:

[0023] Mix 10-15 parts of modified fungus bran, 8-12 parts of rice husk, 0.03-0.05 parts of plant growth regulator, 3-5 parts of enteromorpha fermentation product, 12-15 parts of coconut bran, 7-10 parts of bagasse, 3-5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 5-8 parts of bean cake, 13-15 parts of garden soil and 15-20 parts of water, and place it in a pile for fermentation at 30-35°C for 1-1.5 days to obtain a special matrix for blueberries.

[0024] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. Modified fungus bran is creatively added to the special blueberry matrix provided by the present invention, wood vinegar is used as an activator in the preparation of fungus bran, and then a fungus bran activated carbon structure is formed by high-temperature calcination. Eggshell powder is added during the high-temperature calcination. The main component of the eggshell powder is calcium carbonate, which decomposes carbon dioxide during the calcination process. The carbon dioxide further etches the channels formed during the calcination of the fungus bran, so that the prepared fungus bran activated carbon has abundant channels with different pores, which can increase its ability to absorb and retain water when used for blueberry planting; in addition, wood vinegar, boric acid and fulvic acid are added to the modified fungus bran, so that the acidity of the matrix is ​​reduced, which is more conducive to the growth of blueberries.

[0026] 2. The enteromorpha extract added to the special matrix for blueberries of the present invention can provide rich nutrients for the growth of blueberries. Enteromorpha is rich in nutrients such as protein, amino acids, vitamins and various minerals. After enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation, the macromolecular substances therein are decomposed into small molecular substances, which enriches the nutritional structure in the matrix and is more conducive to blueberry absorption and growth. In addition, the EM bacteria in the fermentation process can use the substances in the enteromorpha to expand and reproduce, adding microorganisms to the matrix. The presence of microorganisms can realize the self-regulation of the pH value of the matrix, stabilize the pH in the matrix, and provide a good growth environment for the growth of blueberries.

[0027] 3. The blueberry-specific substrate of the present invention has a high organic matter content, ensures the balance of the C / N ratio in the substrate, enhances the permeability and water holding capacity of the soil, and is more conducive to the growth of blueberries. The substrate provided by the present invention has a significant effect on improving the survival rate, increasing the plant height, the crown width of the aboveground part and the root system, the number of basal branches, and the length of the extended branches, and significantly increases the blueberry yield, solves the substrate problem in blueberry planting from the source, and provides a good solution for soil improvement for blueberry planting in areas with unsuitable soil conditions, effectively solves the problem that blueberries cannot be planted in areas with unsuitable soil, and can maximize the expansion of blueberry planting areas. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. After reading the present invention, modifications to various equivalent forms of the present invention by those skilled in the art all fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this application. The enzymes and bacteria used in the following embodiments are all existing commercially available products.

[0029] Example 1 Blueberry-specific matrix

[0030] Preparation of modified fungus bran:

[0031] Step A, drying the fungus bran, crushing it, passing it through an 80-mesh sieve, and preparing the fungus bran powder for later use; crushing the eggshell, passing it through an 80-mesh sieve, and preparing the eggshell powder for later use;

[0032] Step B, add 10kg of mushroom bran powder to 10kg of wood vinegar and soak for 2 days, dry, add 5kg of eggshell powder, mix well and calcine at 500°C for 5h under nitrogen protection, cool the calcined mixture, add 8kg of boric acid and 3kg of fulvic acid, mix well and crush to obtain modified mushroom bran.

[0033] Preparation of Enteromorpha fermentation product:

[0034] Step A, take 10 kg of fresh Enteromorpha, crush it, add 0.05 composite decomposition enzyme (containing 0.025 xylanase with an enzyme activity of 30,000 U / g and 0.025 hemicellulase with an enzyme activity of 30,000 U / g), perform enzymolysis at 35-40°C for 12-16 hours, and set aside the enzymolysis product;

[0035] Step B, add 0.1 kg EM bacteria (effective viable bacteria count ≥ 2 billion cfu / g) to the above enzymatic hydrolysate and mix well, ferment at 25-30°C for 24-36 hours, and after fermentation, dry and crush to obtain Enteromorpha fermentation product.

[0036] Preparation of special matrix for blueberry:

[0037] Mix 15kg of the modified fungus bran, 8kg of rice husk, 0.015kg of indoleacetic acid, 0.015kg of naphthaleneacetic acid, 5kg of the above-mentioned Enteromorpha fermentation product, 12kg of coconut bran, 10kg of bagasse, 3kg of diammonium phosphate, 8kg of bean cake powder, and 13kg of garden soil, add 20kg of water, mix well, and place in a pile for fermentation at 35°C for 1.5 days to obtain a special substrate for blueberries.

[0038] Example 2 Blueberry-specific matrix

[0039] Preparation of modified fungus bran:

[0040] Step A, drying the fungus bran, crushing it, passing it through an 80-mesh sieve, and preparing the fungus bran powder for later use; crushing the eggshell, passing it through an 80-mesh sieve, and preparing the eggshell powder for later use;

[0041] Step B, add 10kg of mushroom bran powder to 12kg of wood vinegar and soak for 1.5 days, dry, add 3kg of eggshell powder, mix well and calcine at 400°C for 3h under nitrogen protection, cool the calcined mixture, add 5kg of boric acid and 5kg of fulvic acid, mix well and crush to obtain modified mushroom bran.

[0042] Preparation of Enteromorpha fermentation product:

[0043] Step A, take 10 kg of fresh Enteromorpha, crush it, add 0.1 kg of composite decomposition enzyme (containing 0.04 xylanase with an enzyme activity of 30,000 U / g and 0.06 hemicellulase with an enzyme activity of 30,000 U / g), perform enzymolysis at 35-40°C for 12-16 hours, and set aside the enzymolysis product;

[0044] Step B, add 0.12kg EM bacteria (effective viable bacteria count ≥ 2 billion cfu / g) to the above enzymatic hydrolysate and mix well, ferment at 25-30°C for 24-36h, and after fermentation, dry and crush to obtain Enteromorpha fermentation product.

[0045] Preparation of special matrix for blueberry:

[0046] Mix 10kg of the modified fungus bran, 12kg of rice husk, 0.05kg of gibberellin, 3kg of the above-mentioned Enteromorpha fermentation product, 15kg of coconut bran, 7kg of bagasse, 5kg of diammonium phosphate, 5kg of bean cake powder, and 15kg of garden soil, add 15kg of water, mix well, and place in a pile for fermentation at 35°C for 1 day to obtain a special matrix for blueberries.

[0047] Example 3 Blueberry-specific matrix

[0048] Preparation of modified bacterial bran:

[0049] Step A, drying the fungus bran, crushing it, passing it through an 80-mesh sieve, and preparing the fungus bran powder for later use; crushing the eggshell, passing it through an 80-mesh sieve, and preparing the eggshell powder for later use;

[0050] Step B, add 10kg of mushroom bran powder to 11kg of wood vinegar and soak for 1.5 days, dry, add 4kg of eggshell powder, mix well and calcine at 500°C for 3h under nitrogen protection, cool the calcined mixture, add 6kg of boric acid and 4kg of fulvic acid, mix well and crush to obtain modified mushroom bran.

[0051] Preparation of Enteromorpha fermentation product:

[0052] Step A, take 10 kg of fresh Enteromorpha, crush it, add 0.05-0.08 kg of composite decomposition enzyme (containing 0.04 of xylanase with an enzyme activity of 30,000 U / g and 0.048 of hemicellulase with an enzyme activity of 30,000 U / g), perform enzymolysis at 35-40°C for 12-16 hours, and set aside the enzymolysis product;

[0053] Step B, add 0.11 kg EM bacteria (effective viable bacteria count ≥ 2 billion cfu / g) to the above enzymatic hydrolysate and mix well, ferment at 25-30°C for 24-36 hours, and after fermentation, dry and crush to obtain Enteromorpha fermentation product.

[0054] Preparation of special matrix for blueberry:

[0055] Mix 13kg of the modified fungus bran, 10kg of rice husk, 0.04kg of brassinolide, 4kg of the above-mentioned Enteromorpha fermentation product, 13kg of coconut bran, 8kg of bagasse, 4kg of diammonium phosphate, 6kg of bean cake powder, and 14kg of garden soil, add 18kg of water, mix well, and place in a pile for fermentation at 35°C for 1 day to obtain a special substrate for blueberries.

[0056] Comparative Example 1: Blueberry substrate

[0057] Preparation of modified fungus bran:

[0058] Step A, drying and crushing the mushroom husk, passing through an 80-mesh sieve, and preparing the mushroom husk powder for later use;

[0059] Step B, soak 10kg of mushroom bran powder in 11kg of 70% hydrochloric acid solution by mass for 1.5 days, filter, dry the soaked mushroom bran powder, calcine at 500°C for 3h under nitrogen protection, cool the calcined mixture, add 6kg of boric acid and 4kg of fulvic acid, mix well and crush to obtain modified mushroom bran.

[0060] Preparation of Enteromorpha fermentation product:

[0061] Take 10 kg of fresh Enteromorpha, crush it, add 0.11 kg of EM bacteria (effective viable bacteria count ≥ 2 billion cfu / g), mix well, ferment at 25-30°C for 24-36 hours, and after fermentation, dry and crush it to obtain Enteromorpha fermentation product.

[0062] Preparation of special matrix for blueberry:

[0063] Mix 13kg of the modified fungus bran, 10kg of rice husk, 0.04kg of brassinolide, 4kg of the above-mentioned Enteromorpha fermentation product, 13kg of coconut bran, 8kg of bagasse, 4kg of diammonium phosphate, 6kg of bean cake powder, and 14kg of garden soil, add 18kg of water, mix well, and place in a pile for fermentation at 35°C for 1 day to obtain a special substrate for blueberries.

[0064] Comparative Example 2 Blueberry substrate

[0065] Preparation of Enteromorpha fermentation product:

[0066] Step A, take 10 kg of fresh Enteromorpha, crush it, add 0.05-0.08 kg of composite decomposition enzyme (containing 0.04 of xylanase with an enzyme activity of 30,000 U / g and 0.048 of hemicellulase with an enzyme activity of 30,000 U / g), perform enzymolysis at 35-40°C for 12-16 hours, and set aside the enzymolysis product;

[0067] Step B, add 0.11 kg EM bacteria (effective viable bacteria count ≥ 2 billion cfu / g) to the above enzymatic hydrolysate and mix well, ferment at 25-30°C for 24-36 hours, and after fermentation, dry and crush to obtain Enteromorpha fermentation product.

[0068] Preparation of special matrix for blueberry:

[0069] Take the mushroom bran, dry it, crush it, pass it through an 80-mesh sieve, and use the mushroom bran powder for later use;

[0070] Mix 13kg of the above-mentioned mushroom bran powder, 10kg of rice husk, 0.04kg of brassinolide, 4kg of the above-mentioned Enteromorpha fermentation product, 13kg of coconut bran, 8kg of bagasse, 4kg of diammonium phosphate, 6kg of bean cake powder, and 14kg of garden soil, add 18kg of water, and mix well to obtain a special matrix for blueberries.

[0071] Comparative Example 3: Blueberry substrate

[0072] Preparation of modified fungus bran:

[0073] Step A, drying the fungus bran, crushing it, passing it through an 80-mesh sieve, and preparing the fungus bran powder for later use; crushing the eggshell, passing it through an 80-mesh sieve, and preparing the eggshell powder for later use;

[0074] Step B, soak 10kg of mushroom bran powder in 11kg of 70% hydrochloric acid solution by mass for 1.5 days, dry, add 4kg of eggshell powder, mix well, calcine at 500°C for 3h under nitrogen protection, cool the calcined mixture, and obtain modified mushroom bran.

[0075] Preparation of Enteromorpha fermentation product:

[0076] Step A, take 10 kg of fresh Enteromorpha, crush it, add 0.05-0.08 kg of composite decomposition enzyme (containing 0.04 xylanase with an enzyme activity of 30,000 U / g and 0.048 hemicellulase with an enzyme activity of 30,000 U / g), perform enzymolysis at 35-40°C for 12-16 hours, dry the enzymolysate, and crush it to obtain Enteromorpha enzymolysate.

[0077] Preparation of special matrix for blueberry:

[0078] Mix 13kg of the modified fungus bran, 10kg of rice husk, 0.04kg of brassinolide, 4kg of the above-mentioned Enteromorpha enzymatic hydrolysate, 13kg of coconut bran, 8kg of bagasse, 4kg of diammonium phosphate, 6kg of bean cake powder, 14kg of garden soil, and 0.11kg of EM bacteria, add 18kg of water, mix well, and place in a pile for fermentation at 35°C for 1 day to obtain a special matrix for blueberries.

[0079] Performance Testing

[0080] Effects of special substrate for blueberries on the growth of blueberries

[0081] 1.1 Test materials

[0082] The experimental variety used in this study was the biennial blueberry variety “Mist”, which is an early-maturing variety with good heat and cold resistance. It was purchased from Shandong Century Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.

[0083] The blueberry planting matrix is ​​Examples 1-3 of the present invention, Comparative Examples 1-3, and a commercially available common blueberry planting matrix.

[0084] The research was conducted in our company's solar greenhouse.

[0085] 1.2 Experimental process

[0086] The purchased blueberry seedlings with the same growth were cultivated using Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-3, and commercially available blueberry planting substrates, respectively, with 10 blueberry trees in each substrate, repeated 3 times, and fertilized and irrigated using drip irrigation and fertilizer integration technology. Except for the different substrates, other field fertilization, irrigation, pest and disease control and other management measures were the same.

[0087] 1.3 Measurement items

[0088] 1.3.1 Determination of blueberry plant growth indicators

[0089] After the blueberries were harvested, the ground diameter of the blueberry plants was measured with a vernier caliper, and the plant height and crown width were measured with a tape measure. Branches sprouted that year with a thickness greater than 5 mm and a length ≥ 20 cm were selected as annual branches, and the number of annual branches of each blueberry plant was counted; the external performance of the blueberry plants was observed.

[0090] 1.3.2 Determination of blueberry yield and quality indicators

[0091] During the blueberry harvest period, all blueberry fruits were picked and weighed to calculate the yield of blueberries per plant; 50 blueberries were randomly selected from each matrix to calculate the weight of each blueberry fruit; the soluble solids content, soluble sugar content, and anthocyanin content of the blueberry fruits were measured.

[0092] 1.4 Results and Analysis

[0093] 1.4.1 Effects of different substrates on blueberry plants

[0094] Different substrates have a significant effect on the growth of blueberries. The blueberry plants using the substrate of the present invention have large trees, many branches, green leaves, and their plant height and ground diameter are significantly higher than those of the blueberry plants using comparative examples 1-3 and commercially available substrates. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0095] Table 1 Comparison of blueberry plant conditions

[0096]

[0097] 1.4.2 Effects of different substrates on blueberry yield and quality

[0098] The blueberry yield and single fruit quality of the blueberry using the matrix of Examples 1-3 of the present invention are higher than those of the blueberry using other matrices, and the contents of soluble solids, soluble sugars and anthocyanins in the blueberry fruit are also significantly higher than those of the blueberry using other matrices.

[0099] Table 2 Comparison of blueberry yield

[0100]

[0101] Table 3 Comparison of blueberry quality

[0102]

Claims

1. A blueberry-specific matrix, characterized in that: In parts by weight, the matrix comprises the following components: 10-15 parts of modified fungus bran, 8-12 parts of rice husk, 0.03-0.05 parts of plant growth regulator, 3-5 parts of enteromorpha fermentation product, 12-15 parts of coconut bran, 7-10 parts of bagasse, 3-5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 5-8 parts of bean cake, 13-15 parts of farmland soil, and 15-20 parts of water; The preparation method of the modified bacterial bran comprises the following steps: Step A, drying and crushing the fungus bran to prepare fungus bran powder; crushing the eggshell to prepare eggshell powder; Step B, adding the mushroom bran powder to wood vinegar and soaking for 1.5-2 days, drying, adding eggshell powder, mixing and calcining at 400-500° C. for 3-5 hours under nitrogen protection, cooling the calcined mixture, adding boric acid and fulvic acid, mixing and crushing to obtain modified mushroom bran; the weight ratio of each component is mushroom bran powder: eggshell powder: wood vinegar: boric acid, fulvic acid = 1: (0.3-0.5): (1-1.2): (0.5-0.8): (0.3-0.5); The preparation method of the enteromorpha fermented product comprises the following steps: Step A, taking fresh Enteromorpha, crushing it, adding a composite decomposition enzyme containing xylanase and hemicellulase, and performing enzymolysis at 35-40° C. for 12-16 hours, and setting the enzymolysis product aside; the amount of the composite decomposition enzyme added is 0.5-1.0% of the weight of Enteromorpha; the weight ratio of xylanase to hemicellulase in the composite decomposition enzyme is 1:(1-1.5); the enzyme activity of the xylanase is 30,000 U / g, and the enzyme activity of the hemicellulase is 30,000 U / g; Step B, adding the above enzymatic hydrolysate to EM bacteria and mixing, fermenting at 25-30°C for 24-36h, and obtaining Enteromorpha fermented product after fermentation; the amount of EM bacteria added is 1-3% of the weight of Enteromorpha; the EM bacteria has an effective viable count of ≥2 billion cfu / g.

2. The blueberry-specific matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant growth regulator is one or a combination of two or more of indoleacetic acid, naphthylacetic acid, gibberellin and brassinolide.

3. A method for preparing a blueberry-specific matrix as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Mix 10-15 parts of modified fungus bran, 8-12 parts of rice husk, 0.03-0.05 parts of plant growth regulator, 3-5 parts of enteromorpha fermentation product, 12-15 parts of coconut bran, 7-10 parts of bagasse, 3-5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 5-8 parts of bean cake, 13-15 parts of garden soil and 15-20 parts of water, and place it in a pile for fermentation at 30-35°C for 1-1.5 days to obtain a special matrix for blueberries.

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