A combined die and method for one-step forming of a gradient structure metal disk

Abstract

The present invention provides a combination mold and method for one-step forming of a gradient structure metal disk. The combination mold includes a base, a lower mold, an upper mold, an extrusion component, a limiting ring, and a punch. The lower mold includes a lower mold platform, and the lower mold platform is provided with an extrusion component receiving groove and a blanking groove; the upper mold is located at the top of the lower mold, and the upper mold includes an upper mold base and a size control boss located at the bottom of the upper mold base, and the upper mold base is provided with a workpiece channel; the limiting ring is located between the upper mold and the lower mold; the extrusion component is detachably located in the extrusion component receiving groove; the punch is used to push the metal workpiece in the workpiece channel and cooperate with the shear inner wall to shear the metal workpiece, so that the gradient structure metal disk to be obtained remains on the lower mold platform. The gradient structure metal disk prepared by the present invention has a clear gradient structure and has the advantages of excellent comprehensive performance taking into account strength, hardness, plasticity, and conductivity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of manufacturing gradient structure discs, and more particularly to a combined die and method for preparing gradient structure metal discs by one-step forming. Background Art

[0002] Metal materials are an important cornerstone of progress in high-tech fields such as aerospace. Grain refinement is a commonly used method to improve the overall performance of metal materials. Essentially, this involves reducing grain size to reduce deformation non-uniformity, enabling the metal to achieve high resistance to plastic deformation. The resulting metals exhibit both high strength and hardness. Ultrafine-grained / nanocrystalline materials, with their numerous grain boundaries and high dislocation density, exhibit superior overall performance compared to coarse-grained materials.

[0003] However, the low plasticity of ultrafine-grained / nanocrystalline materials generally limits their widespread application. Introducing a gradient structure into ultrafine-grained / nanocrystalline materials can balance the proportions of fine-grained layers (which determine material strength) and coarse-grained layers (which determine material plasticity) to improve the overall performance of the materials. Common gradient structure processing methods include high pressure torsion (HPT), equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), cumulative roll bonding (ARB), constrained groove pressing (CGP), twist extrusion (TE), large strain extrusion machining (LSEM), and plastic flow machining (PFM). However, most of these methods produce strips and have complex processes, resulting in high manufacturing costs and complex processing techniques. Therefore, there is a practical and urgent need to propose a combination die and method for the simple and efficient one-step forming of gradient structured metal discs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to address the shortcomings of the prior art to a certain extent. The first purpose is to propose a combined die for forming a gradient structure metal disc in one step, so as to be able to produce a disc-shaped gradient structure metal product, improve processing efficiency, and be suitable for industrial application and promotion.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a one-step forming method for preparing a gradient structure disk.

[0006] To achieve the purpose of the present invention, the present invention provides a combined die for one-step forming of a gradient structure metal disk, comprising a lower die, an upper die, an extrusion component, a limiting ring and a die.

[0007] The lower half mold is paired with the upper half mold, and includes a lower half mold platform, on which an extrusion component receiving groove and a blanking groove communicating with the extrusion component receiving groove are opened;

[0008] The upper mold half is located on the top of the lower mold half, and the upper mold half includes an upper mold half base and a size control boss located at the bottom of the upper mold half base, and a workpiece channel is opened on the upper mold half base;

[0009] The limiting ring is located between the upper and lower mold halves and is used to control the shape of the extruded metal material;

[0010] The extrusion component is detachably located in the extrusion component receiving groove, and is used to realize the plastic flow extrusion of the circumference of the metal workpiece and form a metal disk with a gradient structure under the action of the restriction ring. The extrusion component includes a plastic flow extrusion area, a shear inner wall and a blanking hole arranged in sequence;

[0011] The die is used to push the metal workpiece in the workpiece channel and cooperate with the shear inner wall to shear the metal workpiece, so that the gradient structure metal disk to be obtained remains on the lower half die platform, and the remaining material falls through the blanking hole, completing the one-step forming preparation.

[0012] As an optimal technical solution, it also includes a base and a top cover. The lower half mold is arranged on the base, and the top cover is located on the top of the upper half mold. When working, the upper half mold and the lower half mold are clamped between the top cover and the base to ensure that no relative rotation occurs during the extrusion process.

[0013] Preferably, the top cover and its base are respectively mounted on the upper and lower sides of the upper and lower half molds and fixed with long bolts and flange nuts.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution, a die backing plate is also included, which is located above the top cover. The die backing plate is mainly used to cooperate with the pressure testing machine to push the die in the opposite direction when the metal workpiece is stuck to the die due to excessive pressure, thereby facilitating the removal of the extruded component and the deformed metal workpiece.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution, the top of the lower half mold platform is further provided with an inner wall, and the inner surface of the inner wall is matched with the outer wall of the size control boss.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, a fixing hole is provided on the lower half mold platform at a position corresponding to the extrusion component accommodating groove, and the extrusion component is fixed by the cooperation of a fastener and the fixing hole.

[0017] The fixing hole is a threaded hole set on the side wall of the lower half mold platform. By fixing the extrusion component, it can be ensured that the extrusion component will not shake during the processing.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution, the limiting ring is circular, thereby controlling the extruded metal material to be in a disc shape.

[0019] As an optimal technical solution, the die includes a die head, a transition boss, a connecting rod, a shear boss and a main extrusion head connected in sequence. The die includes bosses of different diameters. The diameter of the die head is designed to be larger to withstand the extrusion of the pressure testing machine platform. The transition boss is used for size transition to prevent stress concentration from causing damage to the mold. The main extrusion head is used to extrude the metal workpiece, and the shear boss is used to cooperate with the shear inner wall of the extrusion component to shear the workpiece, and peel off the required gradient structure metal disk from the workpiece.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution, it also includes a positioning clamping block, which is used to fix the base on the testing machine platform.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution, the degree of metal grain refinement and gradient is controlled by adjusting the extrusion angle and chamfer width of the plastic flow extrusion zone.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution, the thickness of the limiting ring that can be placed is controlled by adjusting the distance between the size control boss and the lower half mold platform, thereby adjusting the thickness of the prepared gradient structure metal disk.

[0023] The present invention provides a one-step forming method for preparing a gradient structure metal disk, comprising the following steps:

[0024] After the combined die is fixed on the testing machine platform, the metal workpiece is filled into the workpiece channel of the upper half die, lubricant is applied, and the punch is inserted into the workpiece channel;

[0025] Plastic flow extrusion deformation and disc forming: the die is pushed downward, pushing the metal workpiece. The metal workpiece undergoes large strain extrusion deformation in the plastic flow extrusion zone of the extrusion component. The metal is subjected to friction and extrusion from the chamfers of the extrusion component. Part of the material flows downward and is discharged through the blanking hole, while the other part flows to the side and forms a metal disc under the restriction of the restriction ring;

[0026] Shearing and sampling: As extrusion continues, the strain of the metal continues to increase. When the die reaches the extrusion part, the die interacts with the extrusion part to shear the metal, separating the metal disk from the raw material, thereby obtaining the desired gradient structure metal disk.

[0027] As a preferred technical solution, before starting to cut the metal workpiece, there is also a preparation process: install the base on the testing machine platform and press it with a positioning clamping block, place the lower half mold, place the extrusion component and the limiting ring, fix the extrusion component with bolts through the fixed threaded holes on the side, close the upper half mold and the top cover, put the die pad, fix it with long bolts and flange nuts, place the die, and prepare to start extrusion.

[0028] As an optimal technical solution, the metal workpiece is cylindrical in shape with a moderate length. The diameter only needs to meet the diameter of the workpiece channel of the upper half mold. The type of material is not restricted, and metals that can withstand larger deformations can be selected according to actual needs, such as pure copper, pure aluminum, etc.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. The present invention realizes "one-step forming". After the mold is installed and fixed on the pressure testing machine, only one-step extrusion of the pressure testing machine is required to produce the required gradient structure metal disk.

[0031] 2. The punching die of the present invention can be designed to be multi-stepped. The transition boss ensures that there will be no excessive stress concentration. The middle part with a smaller diameter can avoid excessive friction with the upper die while reducing the overall weight. The shearing boss plays a part of the extrusion role and also plays a shearing role in step three, separating the disc from the workpiece. The extrusion boss is mainly responsible for the extrusion effect.

[0032] 3. In the present invention, in order to achieve better positioning and fixation of the extrusion component and the overall mold, four symmetrical fixing threaded holes can be provided on the outer wall of the lower half mold to fix the extrusion component; in addition, a separate top cover and base are designed, and the base and top cover can be directly passed through and fixed with fasteners. The base is then fixed to the testing machine platform by a positioning clamping block so that the entire mechanism can remain stable during the extrusion process.

[0033] 4. In the present invention, in order to achieve convenient and rapid adjustment of parameters, the lower half mold is separated from the extrusion component. If the parameters need to be adjusted, it is only necessary to change the extrusion component with different size parameters (extrusion angle, chamfer width).

[0034] 5. The preparation method of the gradient structure disc of the present invention is simple and easy to operate. It uses the principle of plastic flow extrusion and prepares the gradient structure metal disc in one step through three steps: installation and filling, plastic flow extrusion deformation and disc forming, shearing and sampling.

[0035] 6. The material type of the gradient structure metal disk prepared by the present invention is not limited and can be selected according to actual needs, such as pure copper, pure aluminum, etc.; in addition, the size parameters of the workpiece can also be arbitrarily selected according to needs.

[0036] 7. The gradient structure metal disk prepared by the present invention has a special shape among metal gradient materials (the shape is controlled by the restriction ring), an obvious gradient structure, and has the advantages of excellent comprehensive performance taking into account strength, hardness, plasticity, and conductivity. Therefore, it has great potential in the manufacture of gradient structure metal products, and the method is simple and efficient, suitable for industrial promotion and application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 A working example diagram of the combined mold in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a front view of the combined mold in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the combined mold in the embodiment of the present invention when in operation;

[0040] Figure 4 This is an isometric view of the upper half mold in the combined mold in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 This is an isometric view of the lower half mold in the combined mold in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 It is a front view of the punch die in the combined mold in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7 This is an isometric view of a base in a combined mold according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of an extrusion component in a combined die according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 9 An isometric view of a positioning clamping block according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of preparing a gradient structure disc by a combined mold in the present invention;

[0047] Reference numerals in the figure: 100 combined die, 110 upper die, 111 workpiece channel, 112 positioning threaded hole, 113 size control boss, 120 lower die, 121 extrusion component receiving groove, 122 disc platform, 123 fixing hole, 124 inner wall, 125 blanking chute, 130 punch, 131 punch head, 132 transition boss, 133 shear boss, 134 main extrusion head, 135 connecting rod, 140 top cover, 150 base, 1 51 base platform, 152 base blanking trough, 153 bolt groove, 160 restriction ring, 170 extrusion component, 171 plastic flow extrusion zone, 172 shear inner wall, 173 blanking hole, 180 long bolt, 190 flange nut, 200 testing machine punch, 300 die pad, 400 positioning clamping block, 410 small bolt groove, 420 pressing surface, 500 testing machine platform, 600 positioning bolt, 700 washer, 800 metal workpiece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 The present invention provides a combined mold 100 for one-step forming of a gradient structure metal disk, comprising an upper mold 110, a lower mold 120, a punch 130, a top cover 140, a base 150, a limiting ring 160, and an extrusion component.

[0050] The mold assembly 100 can be made of wear-resistant cold-working die steel. In some embodiments of the present invention, the mold assembly 100 is made of Cr12MoV, which is often suitable for high-load bearing and complex-structure molds. In other embodiments, 6W6Mo5Cr4V, 7Cr7Mo3V2Si, Cr4W2MoV, Cr5Mo1V, Cr12, Cr12MoV, and other materials may also be used.

[0051] See also Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 Figure 7 and Figure 8The upper mold half 110 includes an upper mold base and a size control boss 113 arranged at the bottom of the upper mold base. A workpiece channel 111 is opened at the center of the upper mold base, and four symmetrically distributed positioning threaded holes 112 are also provided on the upper mold base; the lower mold half 120 includes a lower mold platform 122, and an inner wall 124 is provided at the edge of the top of the lower mold platform 122, which is higher than the surface. The inner wall 124 cooperates with the outer wall of the size control boss 113 to make the upper mold half 110 and the lower mold half 120 fit tightly to prevent irregular shaking during the extrusion process. There is an extrusion component accommodating groove 121 and a blanking groove 125 communicated with the extrusion component accommodating groove 121. Four fixing holes 123 are also symmetrically arranged on the lower half mold platform 122. The fixing holes 123 are used to fix the extrusion component; the die 130 includes a die head 131, a transition boss 132, a shear boss 133, a connecting rod 135 and a main extrusion head 134. The die head 131, the transition boss 132, the connecting rod 135, the shear boss 133 and the main extrusion head 134 are connected in sequence, and the size of the shear boss 133 is larger than that of the connecting rod 135 and the main extrusion head 134.

[0052] The base 150 includes a base platform 151 and a positioning clamping block 400. The base platform 151 is provided with a base blanking groove 152 and four bolt grooves 153. One end of the positioning clamping block 400 is pressed against the base platform 151, and the other end is fixed to the testing machine platform 500 by bolts.

[0053] The extrusion component 170 includes an extrusion seat and a plastic flow extrusion area 171 , a shear inner wall 172 and a blanking hole 17 provided on the extrusion seat.

[0054] The extrusion component 170 is placed in the extrusion component accommodating groove 121 of the lower half mold 120 and fixed with bolts through the fixing hole 123. The limiting ring 160 is placed on the lower half mold platform 122 to limit the flow of material. The lower half mold 120 is placed on the base 150, and the blanking trough 125 and the base blanking trough 152 are aligned. The base 150 is fixed to the testing machine platform 500 through the positioning clamping block 400, the positioning bolts 600 and the gasket 700. At the same time, the upper half mold 110 and the top cover 140 are connected by threads. After the upper half mold 110 is placed and fits with the lower half mold 120, the top cover 140 and the base 500 are locked by long bolts 180 and flange nuts 190. The punch 130 can be placed before extrusion to complete the installation of the combined mold 100 and the supporting fixing facilities.

[0055] The combined mold 100 of the aforementioned embodiment of the present invention is cleverly and efficiently designed, and can conveniently adjust parameters such as the extrusion angle and chamfer width of the plastic flow extrusion zone, and is suitable for industrial production. The specific operation is: when the extrusion angle needs to be changed, loosen and remove the flange nut 190, then remove the top cover 140 and the upper half mold 110, and then loosen the bolts on the fixing hole 123 to replace the extrusion component 170 with a different extrusion angle, and replace the extrusion component 170 with a different chamfer width.

[0056] like Figure 6 As shown, the die 130 is designed to be multi-stepped, and the transition boss 132 ensures that there will be no excessive stress concentration. The connecting rod 135 with a smaller diameter in the middle can avoid excessive friction with the upper half die 110 while reducing the overall weight. The shear boss 133 is mainly responsible for "punching", which plays a part in the extrusion and also plays a shearing role in step three to separate the disc from the workpiece. The main extrusion head 134 is mainly responsible for the extrusion.

[0057] The shape of the resulting metal product is determined by the shape of the restriction ring 160. In some embodiments of the present invention, the restriction ring 160 is circular, resulting in a metal disc. In other embodiments, the restriction ring 160 can be replaced with other shapes, such as square or triangular, to produce a square metal disc or a triangular metal disc.

[0058] In some embodiments of the present invention, the shape of the limiting ring 160 is circular, the extrusion angle θ of the extrusion member 170 is set to 120°, the chamfer width d is set to 1 mm, the shear inner wall diameter is 8 mm, the diameter of the blanking hole 173 is set to 10 mm, the outer diameter is 45 mm, and the height is 15 mm. The thickness of the limiting ring 160 is set to 1 mm, which means that a disc with a thickness of 1 mm can be produced. In other embodiments, the values ​​of these parameters can be varied as needed, such as the extrusion angle θ = 110° or 130°, and the chamfer width d = 2 mm or 2.5 mm.

[0059] The limiting ring 160 is located between the upper mold 110 and the lower mold 120, specifically between the upper surface of the lower mold platform 122 and the size control boss 113. By adjusting the distance between the lower mold platform 122 and the size control boss 113, the thickness of the limiting ring 160 that can be placed can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the thickness of the extruded metal disc.

[0060] In some embodiments of the present invention, a method for preparing a gradient structure disk by one-step forming is also provided. Figure 10 As shown, the steps are as follows:

[0061] 1) Installation and filling

[0062] After assembling the combined mold 100 and securing it to the testing machine platform 500 using the positioning bolts 600 and the positioning clamping block 400, place the metal workpiece 800 into the reserved channels between the top cover 140 and the upper mold half 110, apply an appropriate amount of molybdenum disulfide grease (such as molybdenum disulfide lubricant), and plug it with the punch 130. Adjust the testing machine punch 200 to the appropriate position;

[0063] 2) Plastic flow extrusion deformation and disc forming

[0064] After the pressure testing machine is started, the punch 200 of the testing machine slowly descends, pushing the die 130 downward, pushing the cylindrical metal workpiece 800. The metal workpiece 800 undergoes large strain extrusion deformation in the plastic flow extrusion zone 171 of the extrusion component 170. The metal is subjected to friction and extrusion from the chamfers, causing some of the material to flow downward. The downward-flowing material will flow out of the die through the blanking hole 173 and the base blanking groove 125, while the other part of the material will flow sideways and form a disc under the restriction of the restriction ring 160 (the shape of the restriction ring 160 is circular at this time).

[0065] 3) Cutting and sampling

[0066] As the extrusion continues, the strain of the metal continues to increase. When the die 130 reaches the extrusion part 170, the shearing boss 133 of the die 130 interacts with the shearing inner wall 172 of the extrusion part 170 to shear the metal, separating the disc from the raw material, thereby obtaining the desired gradient structure disc.

[0067] In some embodiments of the present invention, the extrusion speed of the punch of the pressure testing machine is v = 1 to 20 mm / s; preferably, the extrusion speed is set to v = 1 mm / s, and the thickness of the prepared gradient structure disc is 1 mm and the outer diameter is about 15 mm.

[0068] In some embodiments of the present invention, the metal workpiece 800 is made of pure copper C10200 with low strength and hardness, and has a diameter of 10 mm. In other embodiments, if there are requirements for the material or size of the metal disc, adjustments can be made according to actual conditions.

[0069] In the aforementioned embodiment of the present invention, the combined mold for preparing the gradient structure disc has an ingenious structure and is easy to operate, and is suitable for installation and use under a variety of different conditions; its preparation method is efficient and highly automated, and mainly uses the principle of plastic flow extrusion, that is, the material passes through the plastic flow extrusion zone, and the degree of grain refinement in different areas is different, resulting in a gradient distribution of grain size. Through the three steps of installation and filling, plastic flow extrusion deformation and metal disc forming, shearing and sampling, a gradient structure metal disc can be formed and prepared in one step, which has good plasticity, wear resistance and conductivity while ensuring high strength and high hardness.

[0070] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A combined die for forming a gradient structure metal disk in one step, characterized in that: It includes a lower mold (120), an upper mold (110), an extrusion component (170), a limiting ring (160) and a punching die (130), The lower half mold (120) includes a lower half mold platform (122), and the lower half mold platform (122) is provided with an extrusion component accommodating groove (121) and a blanking groove (125) communicating with the extrusion component accommodating groove (121); The upper mold (110) is located on the top of the lower mold (120), and the upper mold (110) includes an upper mold base and a size control boss (113) located at the bottom of the upper mold base. A workpiece channel (111) is opened on the upper mold base; A limiting ring (160) is located between the upper die (110) and the lower die (120), and the limiting ring (160) is used to control the shape of the extruded metal material; The extrusion component (170) is detachably located in the extrusion component receiving groove (121), and is used to realize plastic flow extrusion of the circumference of the metal workpiece and form a metal disk with a gradient structure under the action of the limiting ring (160). The extrusion component (170) includes a plastic flow extrusion area (171), a shear inner wall (172), and a blanking hole (173) arranged in sequence; The punching die (130) is used to push the metal workpiece in the workpiece channel (111) and cooperate with the shearing inner wall (172) to shear the metal workpiece, so that the gradient structure metal disk to be obtained remains on the lower half die platform (122), wherein the punching die (130) includes a shearing boss (133) and a main extrusion head (134), wherein the shearing boss (133) is used to cooperate with the shearing inner wall (172) of the extrusion component (170) to shear the workpiece, so that the gradient structure metal disk to be obtained is peeled off from the workpiece, and the main extrusion head (134) is used to extrude the metal workpiece.

2. The combined die for forming a gradient structure metal disk in one step according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mold further comprises a base (150) and a top cover (140), wherein the lower mold (120) is arranged on the base (150), and the top cover (140) is located on the top of the upper mold (110). When in operation, the upper mold (110) and the lower mold (120) are clamped between the top cover (140) and the base (150).

3. The combined die for forming a gradient structure metal disk in one step according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a die pad (300), and the die pad (300) is located above the top cover (140).

4. The combined die for forming a gradient structure metal disk in one step according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the lower half mold platform (122) is also provided with an inner wall (124), and the inner surface of the inner wall (124) is matched with the outer wall of the size control boss (113).

5. The combined die for forming a gradient structure metal disk in one step according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixing hole is provided on the lower half mold platform (122) at a position corresponding to the extrusion component accommodating groove (121), and the extrusion component (170) is fixed by the cooperation of a fastener and the fixing hole.

6. The combined die for forming a gradient structure metal disk in one step according to claim 1, characterized in that: The die (130) further comprises a die head (131), a transition boss (132) and a connecting rod (135), wherein the die head (131), the transition boss (132), the connecting rod (135), the shear boss (133) and the main extrusion head (134) are connected in sequence.

7. The combined die for forming a metal disc with a gradient structure in one step according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a positioning clamping block (400), which is used to fix the base (150) on the testing machine platform (500).

8. A combined die for forming a gradient structure metal disk in one step according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The degree of metal grain refinement and the degree of gradient are controlled by adjusting the extrusion angle and chamfer width of the plastic flow extrusion zone (171).

9. A combined die for forming a gradient structure metal disk in one step according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The thickness of the limiting ring (160) that can be placed is controlled by adjusting the distance between the size control boss (113) and the lower half mold platform (122), thereby adjusting the thickness of the prepared gradient structure metal disk.

10. The combined die for forming a metal disc with a gradient structure in one step according to claim 8, characterized in that: The thickness of the limiting ring (160) that can be placed is controlled by adjusting the distance between the size control boss (113) and the lower half mold platform (122), thereby adjusting the thickness of the prepared gradient structure metal disk.

11. A method for preparing a gradient structure metal disk by one-step forming, characterized in that: Using the combined mold according to any one of claims 1 to 10, the method comprises the following steps: After the combined mold is fixed on the testing machine platform (500), the metal workpiece (800) is filled into the workpiece channel (111) of the upper half mold (110), lubricant is applied, and the punch (130) is inserted into the workpiece channel (111); Plastic flow extrusion deformation and metal disc forming: the punch (130) is pushed downward to push the metal workpiece, and the metal workpiece undergoes large strain extrusion deformation in the plastic flow extrusion zone (171) of the extrusion component (170). The metal is subjected to friction and extrusion from the chamfer of the extrusion component (170), and a portion of the material flows downward and is discharged through the blanking hole (173), while the other portion of the material flows to the side and forms a metal disc under the restriction of the restriction ring (160); Shearing and sampling: As the extrusion continues, the strain of the metal continues to increase. When the die (130) reaches the extrusion part (170), the die (130) and the extrusion part (170) interact to shear the metal, separating the metal disk from the raw material, thereby obtaining the desired gradient structure metal disk.

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