A method for monitoring marine ecological environment using benthic foraminifera

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for monitoring marine ecological environment using benthic foraminifera, which belongs to the field of marine ecological environment monitoring. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining a number of samples to be tested based on the sea area of ​​the survey area, pre-processing the samples to be tested to obtain living benthic foraminifera; calculating an environmental quality evaluation index based on the living benthic foraminifera; wherein the environmental quality evaluation index includes abundance, simple differentiation, diversity index, foraminifera distortion index and foraminifera monitoring index; calculating an evaluation index of a single sample to be tested based on the environmental quality evaluation index; calculating a comprehensive evaluation index based on the evaluation indexes of a number of single samples to be tested; and obtaining the marine ecological environment quality status by grading based on the comprehensive evaluation index. The invention quantitatively describes the corresponding relationship between foraminifera and environmental pollutants and environmental quality, and improves the accuracy of marine environmental quality level evaluation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of marine ecological environment monitoring, and in particular relates to a method for monitoring the marine ecological environment by using benthic foraminifera. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing attention paid to marine ecological and environmental issues, strengthening and improving the marine environmental monitoring system has become an important and urgent task we are currently facing. Among the current marine environmental monitoring methods, biological monitoring technology is limited to the diversity survey of certain organisms, which is far from meeting the growing requirements for ecological and environmental monitoring. Biological monitoring indicators and technologies need to be expanded. Current marine environmental monitoring includes monitoring of chemical, physical, dynamic, and biological elements. Among them, the biological monitoring part mainly focuses on marine biodiversity, and the main categories of concern are marine phytoplankton, zooplankton, large benthic organisms and swimming animals, and less attention is paid to micro-benthic organisms living in sediments.

[0003] Benthic foraminifera are single-celled organisms that live in marine sediments or at the interface between sediments and seawater. Benthic foraminifera in marine sediments are characterized by large sample size and high environmental sensitivity. For example, when benthic foraminifera grow, they will choose metal ions in the surrounding water, sediments or food to build their shells, so the shells of foraminifera preserve information about heavy metal pollution; for calcareous foraminifera shells, heavy metal elements can participate in the crystal structure by directly replacing calcium ions, and these elements appear as discrete phases or absorbed ions in the crystal structure; completely different elements entering the crystal framework may cause confusion in the crystal crystallization process, ultimately leading to abnormal shell morphology. In addition to abnormal shell morphology, changes in simple differentiation, diversity index, community composition and structure can also reflect the quality of the marine environment to a certain extent.

[0004] The advantages of using benthic foraminifera for monitoring the marine ecological environment are that they have a short life cycle, respond quickly to environmental impacts, have high diversity, are easy to obtain samples, and require very small amounts of samples. In addition, unlike chemical and physical monitoring, marine environmental monitoring based on benthic foraminifera usually reflects the comprehensive level of marine environmental quality.

[0005] Most of the current research is about the relationship between benthic foraminifera and environmental pollution, which is a qualitative study. However, an evaluation system based on benthic foraminifera for the correspondence between foraminifera and environmental pollutants and environmental quality, that is, the quantitative relationship, has not yet been established. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a method for monitoring the marine ecological environment using benthic foraminifera to solve the problems existing in the above prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for monitoring the marine ecological environment using benthic foraminifera, comprising:

[0008] Based on the sea area of ​​the survey area, a number of samples to be tested are obtained, and the samples to be tested are pre-processed to obtain living benthic foraminifera;

[0009] Calculating an environmental quality evaluation index based on the living benthic foraminifera; wherein the environmental quality evaluation index includes abundance, simple differentiation, diversity index, foraminifera distortion index and foraminifera monitoring index;

[0010] Calculating an evaluation index of a single sample to be tested based on the environmental quality evaluation index;

[0011] Calculating a comprehensive evaluation index based on the evaluation indexes of the individual samples to be tested;

[0012] The marine ecological environment quality status is obtained by grade classification based on the comprehensive evaluation indicators.

[0013] Optionally, the method of obtaining a number of samples to be tested based on the sea area of ​​the survey area includes intertidal zone sampling and survey ship sampling.

[0014] Optionally, the process of pre-treating a number of the samples to be tested to obtain living benthic foraminifera includes:

[0015] Adding tiger red alcohol to the sample to be tested, sealing, shaking, soaking and storing to obtain the dyed sample to be tested, wherein the soaking time is greater than two weeks;

[0016] Transferring the dyed sample to be tested to a sieve cloth and sieving to obtain a coarse particle material;

[0017] The coarse particles are dried and placed in an analytical sieve for sieving to obtain a sample to be identified;

[0018] Based on the micropaleo-identification method, the sample to be identified is identified to the genus and species to obtain the population structure of living benthic foraminifera.

[0019] Optionally, the sieve cloth has a pore size of 63 microns;

[0020] The specification of the analysis sieve is 125 microns.

[0021] Optionally, before conducting the marine ecological environment quality evaluation based on the environmental quality evaluation index, it also includes the approval of applicable conditions;

[0022] Among them, the conditions for evaluating the quality of the marine ecological environment based on the environmental quality evaluation index include:

[0023] The number of samples to be tested is greater than 30;

[0024] The abundance of living benthic foraminifera in the single sample to be tested is greater than 2 pieces / cm 3 .

[0025] Optionally, the calculation formula of the evaluation index of the single sample to be tested is:

[0026] H′ i =H i / H n

[0027]

[0028] FAI′ i =FAI i / FAI n

[0029] FMI′ i =FMI i / FMI n

[0030] In the formula, H′ i It represents the differentiation evaluation index of the i-th sample to be tested, H i represents the simple differentiation of the i-th sample to be tested, H n It represents the regional benchmark value of simple differentiation; represents the diversity index evaluation index of the i-th sample to be tested, represents the diversity index of the i-th sample to be tested, Indicates the regional benchmark value of the diversity index; FAI′ i FAI is the evaluation index of foraminiferal distortion index of the i-th sample to be tested. i represents the foraminiferal distortion index of the i-th sample to be tested, FAI n Indicates the regional benchmark value of the foraminiferal distortion index; FMI′ i represents the foraminifera monitoring index evaluation index of the i-th sample to be tested, FMI i represents the foraminifera monitoring index of the i-th sample to be tested, FMI n Represents the regional benchmark value of the foraminifera monitoring index.

[0031] Optionally, the calculation formula of the comprehensive evaluation index is:

[0032]

[0033] In the formula, H avg Represents the comprehensive evaluation index of simple differentiation, H′ i Represents the differentiation evaluation index of the i-th sample to be tested; represents the comprehensive evaluation index of diversity index, FAI represents the diversity index evaluation index of the i-th sample to be tested; avg FAI′ represents the comprehensive evaluation index of foraminiferal distortion index. i FMI represents the evaluation index of the foraminiferal distortion index of the i-th sample to be tested; avg represents the comprehensive evaluation index of foraminifera monitoring index, FMI′ i represents the evaluation index of the foraminifera monitoring index of the i-th sample to be tested; n represents the number of samples.

[0034] Optionally, the grading standards obtained based on the comprehensive evaluation indicators include:

[0035] The marine ecological environment quality status is divided into the following levels: good, better, fair, poor and bad;

[0036] When the comprehensive evaluation index H avg , FAI avg 、FMI avg When both are less than 1, the marine ecological environment quality is good;

[0037] When the comprehensive evaluation index H avg , FAI avg 、FMI avg When any one of the indicators is greater than 1, the marine ecological environment quality is good;

[0038] When the comprehensive evaluation index H avg , FAI avg 、FMI avg When any two indicators are greater than 1, the marine ecological environment quality is average;

[0039] When the comprehensive evaluation index H avg , FAI avg 、FMI avg When any three indicators are greater than 1, the marine ecological environment quality is poor;

[0040] When the comprehensive evaluation index H avg , FAI avg 、FMI avg When both are greater than 1, the marine ecological environment quality is poor.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0042] The present invention quantitatively describes the corresponding relationship between foraminifera and environmental pollutants and environmental quality, provides a new method for evaluating the quality of the marine environment by using microscopic single-cell organisms living in marine sediments, expands the evaluation method system of biological monitoring in marine environmental monitoring, and provides a basis for improving the accuracy of the evaluation of the marine environmental quality level; in addition, since foraminifera exist in large quantities in marine sediments, it is relatively convenient to obtain samples, the time consumption is short, the cost is low, the sampling requirement (i.e., the sediment volume) is small, and the species diversity is high, so it has a unique advantage in biological monitoring. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0044] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for monitoring marine ecological environment using benthic foraminifera according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 It is the marine environment quality evaluation index of the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0047] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowcharts of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions, and that, although a logical order is shown in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in an order different from that shown here.

[0048] Embodiment 1

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for monitoring the marine ecological environment using benthic foraminifera, comprising the following steps:

[0050] Based on the sea area of ​​the survey area, a number of samples to be tested are obtained, and the samples are pre-processed to obtain living benthic foraminifera. The specific implementation process includes the following steps:

[0051] To obtain the samples to be tested, first collect 1 cm of sediment from the surface of the sea area in the survey area (for intertidal sampling, you can use a 1 cm thick disposable culture dish, invert the culture dish and press it into the sediment, use a shovel to scoop up the sample from the bottom, and scrape off the sediment above the culture dish with the shovel, then cover the culture dish with the lid and lay it flat to prevent the sample from leaking; if sampling is done by a survey ship in the near sea or ocean, use a box sampler to take samples from the seabed, and then use a disposable culture dish to take samples according to the above-mentioned intertidal sampling method to ensure that the volume of each sample is constant).

[0052] The process of pre-treating a number of samples to be tested to obtain living benthic foraminifera includes:

[0053] If there are experimental conditions on the survey ship, the sample should be immediately transferred to a wide-mouth bottle, and be soaked in alcohol with the same volume of tiger red as the sample (the ratio of tiger red to alcohol is 2g tiger red dissolved in 1L alcohol), then the bottle cap should be sealed, and gently shake to make the tiger red solution fully contact with the sediment, and store it in a cool place. The soaking time should be more than 2 weeks so that the living benthic foraminifera in the sediment can be fully stained. If there is no survey ship or experimental conditions, the sample should be frozen (minus 18℃) as soon as possible and stored until the conditions are met, and then dyed to obtain the stained sample to be tested.

[0054] Sample pretreatment: After dyeing, transfer the dyed sample to be tested to a 63-micron pore size screen cloth, tie the top with a rubber band to prevent the sample from leaking out, and then wash the sample in a plastic basin. The water level in the basin should not exceed the height of the rubber band. When washing the sample, hold the top of the screen cloth and stir the sample in the water so that the fine particles in it can be washed out of the screen cloth. Repeat this process several times until the water in the basin is clean, indicating that the fine particles smaller than 63 microns in the screen cloth have been washed out. The remaining coarse particles are left on the screen cloth to obtain coarse particles; transfer the coarse particles to a 50°C oven for drying, then gently brush the sample in the screen cloth with a brush, transfer it to a centrifuge tube for sealing and preservation, and mark the sample number with a marker to obtain the sample to be identified.

[0055] Identification of benthic foraminifera: In the samples to be identified, living benthic foraminifera are stained with bengal alcohol, and there is a mass of red substance in the shell, which is obvious and is used to distinguish non-living foraminifera whose protoplasm has been decomposed. During identification, the dried sample is first placed in a 125-micron analysis sieve for sieving, and the sample larger than 125 microns is poured into the sample tray. The species of living foraminifera (i.e., stained foraminifera) are identified according to the standard micro-palaeological identification method. At the same time, the types and numbers of benthic foraminifera with abnormal (deformed) shell morphology are recorded, and the obtained data are calculated. After the identification is completed, the living benthic foraminifera (stained benthic foraminifera) in the sample are stored in a specimen box so that the results can be traced.

[0056] The environmental quality evaluation index is calculated based on living benthic foraminifera. The specific implementation process includes: Figure 2 As shown, the calculation of environmental quality evaluation index based on benthic foraminifera populations includes abundance, simple differentiation, diversity index, foraminifera distortion index, and foraminifera monitoring index.

[0057] Abundance S, here refers to volume abundance, i.e., unit volume (per cm 3 ) The number of living (stained) foraminifera in the sediment;

[0058] Simple heterogeneity H, i.e. the number of species of living benthic foraminifera in the sample;

[0059] Diversity index Hs, calculation formula: H S =-∑P i oeLh i , where P i =n i / n

[0060] Where n i refers to the number of living foraminifera of the i-th species, and n refers to the total number of all living foraminifera in the sample;

[0061] Foraminifera distortion index FAI, calculation formula: That is, the percentage of foraminifera individuals with deformed shells in the sample to the total number of individuals in the sample;

[0062] Foraminifera Monitoring Index FMI, calculation formula: That is, the percentage of foraminifera species with deformed shells in the sample to the total number of species in the sample.

[0063] The specific implementation process of calculating the evaluation index of a single sample to be tested based on the environmental quality evaluation index includes:

[0064] Marine environment assessment methods and marine environment quality classification standards

[0065] Applicable conditions: The number of survey samples / stations should be greater than 30, and the abundance of living foraminifera in the samples for which this method is applicable should be greater than 2 / cm 3 (S>2 pieces / cm 3 ).

[0066] Evaluation method: The sample data calculated by the above method are compared with the regional benchmark value. The evaluation indexes used mainly include simple differentiation, diversity index, foraminifera distortion index and foraminifera monitoring index. The specific method is as follows.

[0067] The evaluation index of a single sample is:

[0068] H′ i =H i / Hn

[0069]

[0070] FAI′ i =FAI i / FAI n

[0071] FMI′ i =FMI i / FMI n

[0072] In the formula, H′ i It represents the differentiation evaluation index of the i-th sample to be tested, H i represents the simple differentiation of the i-th sample to be tested, H n It represents the regional benchmark value of simple differentiation;

[0073] represents the diversity index evaluation index of the i-th sample to be tested, represents the diversity index of the i-th sample to be tested, Indicates the regional benchmark value of diversity index;

[0074] FAI′ i FAI is the evaluation index of foraminiferal distortion index of the i-th sample to be tested. i represents the foraminiferal distortion index of the i-th sample to be tested, FAI n It represents the regional benchmark value of foraminiferal distortion index;

[0075] FMI′ i represents the foraminifera monitoring index evaluation index of the i-th sample to be tested, FMI i represents the foraminifera monitoring index of the i-th sample to be tested, FMI n Represents the regional benchmark value of the foraminifera monitoring index.

[0076] The specific implementation process of calculating the comprehensive evaluation index based on the evaluation index of several individual samples to be tested includes:

[0077] The comprehensive evaluation indicators are:

[0078]

[0079] In the formula, H avg Represents the comprehensive evaluation index of simple differentiation, H′ i Represents the differentiation evaluation index of the i-th sample to be tested;

[0080] represents the comprehensive evaluation index of diversity index, Represents the diversity index evaluation index of the i-th sample to be tested;

[0081] FAI avg FAI′ represents the comprehensive evaluation index of foraminiferal distortion index. i It represents the evaluation index of foraminiferal distortion index of the i-th sample to be tested;

[0082] FMI avg represents the comprehensive evaluation index of foraminifera monitoring index, FMI′ i It represents the evaluation index of foraminifera monitoring index of the i-th sample to be tested;

[0083] n represents the number of samples.

[0084] Use H avg , FAI avg 、FMI avg Four indexes are used to evaluate the quality of the marine ecological environment, and the quality is divided into five levels, namely good, better, general, poor, and bad. The principles of classification are shown in Table 1:

[0085] Table 1

[0086]

[0087] For the specific steps of the above monitoring, sampling can be carried out monthly or quarterly according to work needs to achieve the monitoring objectives.

[0088] The above are only preferred specific implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the marine ecological environment using benthic foraminifera, characterized in that: include: Based on the sea area of ​​the survey area, a number of samples to be tested are obtained, and the samples to be tested are pre-processed to obtain living benthic foraminifera; Calculating an environmental quality evaluation index based on the living benthic foraminifera; wherein the environmental quality evaluation index includes abundance, simple differentiation, diversity index, foraminifera distortion index and foraminifera monitoring index; Calculating an evaluation index of a single sample to be tested based on the environmental quality evaluation index; Calculating a comprehensive evaluation index based on the evaluation indexes of the individual samples to be tested; Based on the comprehensive evaluation indicators, the marine ecological environment quality status is obtained by grading; The calculation formula of the evaluation index of the single sample to be tested is: H′ i =H i / H n YOU DO' i =DO IT i / YOU DO n FMI′ i =FMI i / FMI n In the formula, H′ i It represents the differentiation evaluation index of the i-th sample to be tested, H i represents the simple differentiation of the i-th sample to be tested, H n It represents the regional benchmark value of simple differentiation; represents the diversity index evaluation index of the i-th sample to be tested, represents the diversity index of the i-th sample to be tested, Indicates the regional benchmark value of the diversity index; FAI′ i FAI is the evaluation index of foraminiferal distortion index of the i-th sample to be tested. i represents the foraminiferal distortion index of the i-th sample to be tested, FAI n Indicates the regional benchmark value of the foraminiferal distortion index; FMI′ i represents the foraminifera monitoring index evaluation index of the i-th sample to be tested, FMI i represents the foraminifera monitoring index of the i-th sample to be tested, FMI n It represents the regional benchmark value of the foraminifera monitoring index; The calculation formula of the comprehensive evaluation index is: In the formula, H avg Represents the comprehensive evaluation index of simple differentiation, H′ i Represents the differentiation evaluation index of the i-th sample to be tested; represents the comprehensive evaluation index of diversity index, FAI represents the diversity index evaluation index of the i-th sample to be tested; avg FAI′ represents the comprehensive evaluation index of foraminiferal distortion index. i FMI represents the evaluation index of the foraminiferal distortion index of the i-th sample to be tested; avg represents the comprehensive evaluation index of foraminifera monitoring index, FMI′ i represents the evaluation index of the foraminifera monitoring index of the i-th sample to be tested; n represents the number of samples; The grading standards based on the comprehensive evaluation indicators include: The marine ecological environment quality status is divided into the following levels: good, better, fair, poor and bad; When the comprehensive evaluation index H avg , FAI avg 、FMI avg When both are less than 1, the marine ecological environment quality is good; When the comprehensive evaluation index H avg , FAI avg 、FMI avg When any one of the indicators is greater than 1, the marine ecological environment quality is good; When the comprehensive evaluation index H avg , FAI avg 、FMI avg When any two indicators are greater than 1, the marine ecological environment quality is average; When the comprehensive evaluation index H avg , FAI avg 、FMI avg When any three indicators are greater than 1, the marine ecological environment quality is poor; When the comprehensive evaluation index H avg , FAI avg 、FMI avg When both are greater than 1, the marine ecological environment quality is poor.

2. The method for monitoring marine ecological environment using benthic foraminifera according to claim 1, characterized in that: Methods for obtaining a number of samples to be tested based on the sea area of ​​the survey area include intertidal zone sampling and survey ship sampling.

3. The method for monitoring marine ecological environment using benthic foraminifera according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of pre-treating a number of samples to be tested to obtain living benthic foraminifera comprises: Adding tiger red alcohol to the sample to be tested, sealing, shaking, soaking and storing to obtain the dyed sample to be tested, wherein the soaking time is greater than two weeks; Transferring the dyed sample to be tested to a sieve cloth and sieving to obtain a coarse particle material; The coarse particles are dried and placed in an analytical sieve for sieving to obtain a sample to be identified; Based on the micropaleo-identification method, the sample to be identified is identified to the genus and species to obtain the population structure of living benthic foraminifera.

4. The method for monitoring marine ecological environment using benthic foraminifera according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specification of the screen cloth is 63 micron pore size; The specification of the analysis sieve is 125 microns.

5. The method for monitoring marine ecological environment using benthic foraminifera according to claim 3, characterized in that: Before conducting the marine ecological environment quality assessment based on the environmental quality assessment index, it also includes the approval of applicable conditions; Among them, the conditions for evaluating the quality of the marine ecological environment based on the environmental quality evaluation index include: The number of samples to be tested is greater than 30; The abundance of living benthic foraminifera in the single sample to be tested is greater than 2 pieces / cm 3 .

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