A kind of drought-resistant and water-saving cultivation method of sorghum

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of sorghum cultivation, and specifically relates to a sorghum drought-resistant and water-saving cultivation method, comprising the following steps: S1, before sowing, deep ploughing the soil, raking the soil, removing weeds and stones, applying fertilizer, and watering the soil; S2, selecting sorghum varieties adapted to local climate and soil conditions, sowing in the form of hole sowing, row sowing or broadcasting, and irrigating according to soil moisture and weather conditions; S3, thinning out seedlings when 3-4 leaves emerge, finalizing seedlings when 5-6 leaves, intertillage cultivation for finalizing seedlings, intertillage cultivation again after 10-15 days, and spraying composite drought-resistant plant hormones on leaves and roots during jointing and heading stages; S4, performing field management, and applying topdressing during jointing and heading stages; S5, harvesting at the late stage of sorghum filling. The present invention not only improves the drought-resistant and water-saving ability of sorghum, achieves the goal of high yield and high quality, but is also easy to operate and reduces production costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of sorghum cultivation, and particularly relates to a drought-resistant and water-saving cultivation method for sorghum. Background Art

[0002] As a crop widely planted worldwide, sorghum is not only favored for its adaptability to arid and semi-arid regions, but also highly valued for its diverse uses and rich nutritional value. With the increasing shortage of global water resources, water conservation has become an important task in agricultural production. Drought-resistant and water-saving cultivation of sorghum can reduce the amount of irrigation water, thereby achieving water conservation and efficient use. In my country, sorghum has a long history of cultivation and a wide variety of varieties. It is the fifth largest crop after wheat, rice, corn and barley. With the increase in planting area year by year, the distribution range of sorghum is also expanding, mainly concentrated in Northeast China, North China, Southwest China and other regions. Sorghum has a wide range of uses, mainly used in brewing industry (such as vinegar, wine), feed, and food. In the brewing industry, sorghum is an important raw material for brewing vinegar and liquor. In recent years, with the continuous expansion of the domestic condiment market and the diversification of consumer tastes, the demand for sorghum has also increased year by year. In particular, the output and sales revenue of vinegar and sauce-flavored liquor have shown a steady upward trend, providing a broad market space for the development of the sorghum industry. However, despite the annual increase in domestic sorghum production, it still cannot meet market demand, mainly due to the high production cost of domestic sorghum and the lack of competitiveness of prices compared with imported sorghum. Foreign sorghum production areas usually have a higher level of mechanization and lower labor costs, which makes imported sorghum have a clear price advantage. Therefore, domestic demand for sorghum depends largely on imports.

[0003] In the prior art, traditional sorghum varieties with strong drought resistance can survive under drought conditions, but in the process of adapting to the drought environment, these varieties use more energy for survival rather than growth and yield formation, resulting in a certain degree of reduction in yield and quality. Therefore, compared with varieties with weaker drought resistance, varieties with strong drought resistance cannot achieve the same yield level under conditions of sufficient water. At the same time, varieties with strong drought resistance require more fertilizer to support their growth and yield formation during the growth process, increasing the input of fertilizer and thus increasing production costs. In addition, some sorghum varieties with strong drought resistance are only suitable for planting in specific arid areas, and perform poorly in other areas, limiting their promotion and application in wider areas. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the invention is to provide a drought-resistant and water-saving sorghum cultivation method in view of the deficiencies of the prior art.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for cultivating sorghum drought-resistant and water-saving comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1. Before sowing, deep plow the soil to a depth of 25-30cm, rake the soil flat, remove weeds and stones, apply fertilizer, and water the soil thoroughly;

[0008] S2. Select sorghum varieties that are adapted to local climate and soil conditions, sow in April and May by hole sowing, row sowing or broadcast sowing, and irrigate during the growing period according to soil moisture and weather conditions, using drip irrigation or infiltration irrigation;

[0009] S3, thinning out the seedlings when they have 3-4 leaves after emergence, transplanting the seedlings when they have 5-6 leaves, intertillage cultivation after transplanting, intertillage cultivation again after 10-15 days, spraying compound drought-resistant plant hormones on the leaves and roots during the jointing and heading stages;

[0010] S4. Carry out field management and apply topdressing during the jointing and booting stages;

[0011] S5. Sorghum is harvested in the late stage of grain filling when 80% of the sorghum grains turn from white to reddish brown.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S1, the amount of fertilizer applied is 400-500 kg of farmyard manure, 10-15 kg of diammonium phosphate and 3-6 kg of urea per mu.

[0013] In step S2, when sowing in holes, 3-4 seeds are sown in each hole, and the thickness of the soil covering is 2-3 cm. When sowing in rows, the sowing depth is 2-3 cm, the plant spacing is 20-30 cm, and when sowing by broadcasting, the seed amount per mu is 2-3 kg.

[0014] In step S3, the dosage of the composite drought-resistant plant hormone per mu is 100-200 g, which is mixed with water at a ratio of 1:500 and then sprayed.

[0015] The topdressing strategy in step S4 is: at the jointing stage, 5-6.5 kg of urea is applied per mu, and at the booting stage, 3.5-5 kg ​​of urea is applied per mu.

[0016] The composite drought-resistant plant hormone in step S3 comprises the following steps:

[0017] A1. Mix attapulgite and toluene, stir until fully dispersed, add 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, react at 70-80° C. with a stirring speed of 300-400 rpm for 2-4 hours, filter, wash, and dry at 80-90° C. for 24-48 hours to obtain modified attapulgite;

[0018] A2, after mixing styrene sulfonic acid and vinyl pyrrolidone, add ammonium persulfate, carry out polymerization reaction at 60-70° C. for 4-6 hours, filter, wash, and dry at 60-70° C. for 24-48 hours to obtain an organic polymer copolymer;

[0019] A3. Evenly mix the modified attapulgite and the organic polymer copolymer, add glutaraldehyde, react at 80°C with a stirring speed of 400-600 rpm for 2-4 hours, filter, wash, and dry at 80-100°C for 24-48 hours to obtain an attapulgite-organic polymer composite material, soak the attapulgite-organic polymer composite material in a 5-10% plant hormone solution for 2-4 hours, filter, and obtain a composite drought-resistant plant hormone.

[0020] In the step A1, the usage ratio of attapulgite, toluene and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is (10-12) g: (100-150) mL: (0.5-0.7) g.

[0021] In the step A2, the usage ratio of styrene sulfonic acid, vinyl pyrrolidone and ammonium persulfate is (1-3) g: (1.5-2.5) mL: (0.02-0.03) g.

[0022] In the step A3, the mass ratio of the modified attapulgite, the organic polymer copolymer and glutaraldehyde is (3-6): (9-13): (0.1-0.3).

[0023] The plant hormones in step A3 include one or more of methyl salicylate, brassinolide, methyl jasmonate, gibberellin and abscisic acid.

[0024] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0025] 1. In the technical solution of the present invention, attapulgite has a layered silicate structure, and the interlayer voids can absorb and retain moisture. By compounding with an organic polymer copolymer, a stable network structure is formed, which can effectively prevent the evaporation and loss of water. The long chain structure of the organic polymer copolymer can interact with the surface of attapulgite to form a stronger water retention system. The attapulgite-organic polymer composite material fixes moisture in the soil through adsorption, reducing the free movement and evaporation of moisture. At the same time, the addition of the composite material improves the pore structure of the soil, increases the water holding capacity of the soil, and thus improves the water retention performance of the soil.

[0026] 2. In the technical solution of the present invention, the addition of attapulgite-organic polymer composite material can change the microstructure of the soil, make the gaps between soil particles more uniform, and increase the air permeability and water permeability of the soil. The long chain structure of the organic polymer copolymer can fill the gaps between soil particles to form stable soil aggregates. The addition of the composite material improves the aggregation of the soil and reduces soil erosion and compaction. At the same time, the organic components in the composite material can increase the organic matter content of the soil and improve the fertility and biological activity of the soil.

[0027] 3. In the technical solution of the present invention, the attapulgite-organic polymer composite material has good adsorption properties, and can fix the plant hormones on its surface or inside by physical adsorption and chemical bonding, and can provide a stable release platform for the plant hormones, so as to achieve the slow release and lasting effect of the plant hormones. The slow release process of the plant hormones in the composite material conforms to Fick's law. By controlling the release rate and duration, the hormone level in the plant can be effectively regulated, the utilization efficiency of the plant hormones can be improved, and the plant hormones can play the best effect in the critical period of sorghum growth.

[0028] 4. In the technical solution of the present invention, the components in the composite drought-resistant plant hormone can regulate the hormone balance in the plant body, promote root development and stomatal regulation. These components can interact with receptors in plant cells, regulate the physiological metabolic process of plants, and improve the drought resistance of plants. The spraying of plant hormones can improve the water use efficiency and photosynthesis efficiency of sorghum and increase the accumulation of photosynthetic products of sorghum. At the same time, the antioxidant components in plant hormones can remove active oxygen free radicals, reduce the damage of drought stress to sorghum cells, and enhance the stress resistance of plants.

[0029] 5. The technical solution of the present invention not only improves the drought resistance and water-saving ability of sorghum, achieving the goal of high yield and high quality, but also is easy to operate and reduces production costs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] The composite drought-resistant plant hormone comprises the following steps to prepare:

[0033] A1. Mix 100 g of attapulgite with 1000 mL of toluene, stir until fully dispersed, add 5 g of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, react at 70 ° C with a stirring speed of 300 rpm for 2 h, filter, wash, and dry at 80 ° C for 24 h to obtain modified attapulgite;

[0034] A2, after mixing 100g of styrene sulfonic acid and 150mL of vinyl pyrrolidone, adding 2g of ammonium persulfate, carrying out polymerization reaction at 60°C for 4h, filtering, washing, and drying at 60°C for 24h to obtain an organic polymer copolymer;

[0035] A3. Mix 300 g of modified attapulgite and 900 g of organic polymer copolymer evenly, add 10 g of glutaraldehyde, react at 80 ° C with a stirring speed of 400 rpm for 2 h, filter, wash, and dry at 80 ° C for 24 h to obtain a attapulgite-organic polymer composite material, soak the attapulgite-organic polymer composite material in a 5% plant hormone solution for 2 h, filter, and obtain a composite drought-resistant plant hormone.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] The composite drought-resistant plant hormone comprises the following steps to prepare:

[0038] A1. Mix 110 g of attapulgite with 1250 mL of toluene, stir until fully dispersed, add 6 g of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, react at 75 ° C. with a stirring speed of 350 rpm for 3 h, filter, wash, and dry at 85 ° C. for 36 h to obtain modified attapulgite;

[0039] A2, after mixing 200g of styrene sulfonic acid and 200mL of vinyl pyrrolidone, adding 2.5g of ammonium persulfate, carrying out polymerization reaction at 65°C for 5h, filtering, washing, and drying at 65°C for 36h to obtain an organic polymer copolymer;

[0040] A3. Mix 450 g of modified attapulgite and 1100 g of organic polymer copolymer evenly, add 20 g of glutaraldehyde, react at 80 ° C with a stirring speed of 500 rpm for 3 hours, filter, wash, and dry at 90 ° C for 36 hours to obtain a attapulgite-organic polymer composite material, soak the attapulgite-organic polymer composite material in a 7.5% plant hormone solution for 3 hours, filter, and obtain a composite drought-resistant plant hormone.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] The composite drought-resistant plant hormone comprises the following steps to prepare:

[0043] A1. Mix 120 g of attapulgite with 1500 mL of toluene, stir until fully dispersed, add 7 g of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, react at 80 ° C. with a stirring speed of 400 rpm for 4 hours, filter, wash, and dry at 80-90 ° C. for 48 hours to obtain modified attapulgite;

[0044] A2, after mixing 300g of styrene sulfonic acid and 250mL of vinyl pyrrolidone, adding 3g of ammonium persulfate, carrying out polymerization reaction at 70°C for 6h, filtering, washing, and drying at 70°C for 48h to obtain an organic polymer copolymer;

[0045] A3. Mix 600 g of modified attapulgite and 1300 g of organic polymer copolymer evenly, add 30 g of glutaraldehyde, react at 80 ° C and a stirring speed of 600 rpm for 4 hours, filter, wash, and dry at 100 ° C for 48 hours to obtain a attapulgite-organic polymer composite material, soak the attapulgite-organic polymer composite material in a 10% plant hormone solution for 4 hours, filter, and obtain a composite drought-resistant plant hormone.

[0046] Example 4

[0047] A method for cultivating sorghum drought-resistant and water-saving comprises the following steps:

[0048] S1. Before sowing, deep plow the soil to a depth of 25 cm, harrow the soil, remove weeds and stones, apply fertilizer, apply 400 kg of farmyard manure, 10 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 3 kg of urea per mu, and water the soil thoroughly;

[0049] S2. Select sorghum varieties that are adapted to local climate and soil conditions, sow them in April using hole sowing, sow 3 seeds per hole, cover the soil with a thickness of 2 cm, and irrigate during the growth period according to soil moisture and weather conditions, using drip irrigation or infiltration irrigation;

[0050] S3, thinning out the seedlings when there are 3 leaves after emergence, and transplanting the seedlings when there are 5 leaves. Intertillage is carried out after transplanting, and intertillage is carried out again after 10 days. During the jointing and heading stages of sorghum, the composite drought-resistant plant hormone prepared in Example 1 is sprayed on the leaves and roots at a dosage of 100 g per mu, mixed with water at a ratio of 1:500 and then sprayed;

[0051] S4. Carry out field management and apply topdressing during the jointing stage and the booting stage. During the jointing stage, apply 5 kg of urea per mu, and during the booting stage, apply 3.5 kg of urea per mu;

[0052] S5. Sorghum is harvested in the late stage of grain filling when 80% of the sorghum grains turn from white to reddish brown.

[0053] Example 5

[0054] A method for cultivating sorghum drought-resistant and water-saving comprises the following steps:

[0055] S1. Before sowing, deep plow the soil to a depth of 27 cm, harrow the soil, remove weeds and stones, apply fertilizer, apply 450 kg of farmyard manure, 12.5 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 4.5 kg of urea per mu, and water the soil thoroughly;

[0056] S2. Select sorghum varieties that are adapted to local climate and soil conditions, and sow them in drill sowing in April. When sowing in drill sowing, the sowing depth is 25 cm and the spacing between plants is 25 cm. During the growth period, irrigation is carried out according to soil moisture and weather conditions, using drip irrigation or infiltration irrigation;

[0057] S3, thinning out the seedlings when they have 3 leaves after emergence, transplanting the seedlings when they have 5 leaves, intertillage cultivation after transplanting, and intertillage cultivation again after 12 days. During the jointing and heading stages of sorghum, spray the leaves and roots with the composite drought-resistant plant hormone prepared in Example 2, with an amount of 150 g per mu, mixed with water at a ratio of 1:500 and then sprayed;

[0058] S4. Carry out field management and apply topdressing during the jointing stage and the booting stage. During the jointing stage, apply 6 kg of urea per mu, and during the booting stage, apply 4 kg of urea per mu;

[0059] S5. Sorghum is harvested in the late stage of grain filling when 80% of the sorghum grains turn from white to reddish brown.

[0060] Example 6

[0061] A method for cultivating sorghum drought-resistant and water-saving comprises the following steps:

[0062] S1. Before sowing, deep plow the soil to a depth of 30 cm, harrow the soil, remove weeds and stones, apply fertilizer, apply 500 kg of farmyard manure, 15 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 6 kg of urea per mu, and water the soil thoroughly;

[0063] S2. Select sorghum varieties that are adapted to the local climate and soil conditions, sow them in May by broadcasting, with a seed rate of 3 kg per mu. During the growth period, irrigate according to soil moisture and weather conditions, using drip irrigation or infiltration irrigation;

[0064] S3, thinning out the seedlings when they have 4 leaves after emergence, and transplanting the seedlings when they have 6 leaves. Intertillage is carried out after transplanting, and intertillage is carried out again after 15 days. During the jointing and heading stages of sorghum, the composite drought-resistant plant hormone prepared in Example 3 is sprayed on the leaves and roots at a dosage of 200 g per mu, mixed with water at a ratio of 1:500 and then sprayed;

[0065] S4. Carry out field management and apply topdressing during the jointing stage and the booting stage. During the jointing stage, apply 6.5 kg of urea per mu, and during the booting stage, apply 5 kg of urea per mu;

[0066] S5. Sorghum is harvested in the late stage of grain filling when 80% of the sorghum grains turn from white to reddish brown.

[0067] Comparative Example 1

[0068] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that in step S4, no foliage and root spraying is performed, and the remaining steps are the same as those in Example 4.

[0069] A representative arid and semi-arid area was selected as the test site, and 4 treatment groups were set up, corresponding to Examples 4-6 and Comparative Example 1, respectively. Three replicates were set up for each treatment group, with a total of 12 plots, and cultivation was carried out according to the steps in Examples 4-6 and Comparative Example 1. At the harvest period, the sorghum yield and grain quality of each treatment group were measured, and the plant height, stem diameter and leaf area were measured. The water use efficiency of each treatment group was calculated, and the water use efficiency = yield / irrigation amount. The results are shown in Table 1:

[0070] Table 1. Test results of Examples 4-6 and Comparative Example 1

[0071] project Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Comparative Example 1 Plant height (cm) 271 268 274 253 Stem diameter (mm) 11.5 11.4 10.8 9.8 <![CDATA[Leaf area (cm 2 )]]> 2327 2270 2187 1934 Yield (kg / mu) 914 907 884 768 Water use efficiency 2.21 2.37 2.14 1.87

[0072] As shown in Table 1, the treatment groups in Examples 4-6 are superior to Comparative Example 1 in terms of plant height, stem thickness and leaf area, indicating that the foliar spraying of the composite drought-resistant plant hormone helps promote the growth and development of sorghum. This may be because the composite drought-resistant plant hormone regulates the hormone level in sorghum, promotes cell division and elongation, thereby increasing plant height, stem thickness and leaf area. The treatment groups in Examples 4-6 are significantly higher in yield than Comparative Example 1, among which Example 4 has the highest yield, indicating that the spraying and cultivation methods of the composite drought-resistant plant hormone have a significant effect in increasing sorghum yield. This may be because the composite drought-resistant plant hormone promotes the photosynthesis efficiency and material production of sorghum, thereby increasing yield. The treatment groups in Examples 4-6 are also superior to Comparative Example 1 in terms of water use efficiency, among which Example 5 has the highest water use efficiency, indicating that the spraying and cultivation methods of the composite drought-resistant plant hormone have a positive effect in improving the water use efficiency of sorghum. This may be because the compound drought-resistant plant hormone improved sorghum's ability to absorb and utilize water, reduced ineffective evaporation of water, and thus improved water use efficiency.

[0073] In summary, the cultivation methods in Examples 4-6 can improve the drought resistance and water-saving ability of sorghum compared with Comparative Example 1, which is manifested in better growth indicators, higher yields, and higher water use efficiency. The spraying of composite drought-resistant plant hormones and the addition of attapulgite-organic polymer composite materials act together on the growth and development process of sorghum, improving the drought resistance and water-saving effect of sorghum.

[0074] In the description of the specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0075] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the invention or exceed the scope defined by the claims, they shall all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for drought-resistant and water-saving cultivation of sorghum, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Before sowing, deep plow the soil to a depth of 25-30cm, rake the soil flat, remove weeds and stones, apply fertilizer, and water the soil thoroughly; S2. Select sorghum varieties that are adapted to local climate and soil conditions, sow in April and May by hole sowing, row sowing or broadcast sowing, and irrigate during the growing period according to soil moisture and weather conditions, using drip irrigation or infiltration irrigation; S3, thinning out the seedlings when they have 3-4 leaves after emergence, transplanting the seedlings when they have 5-6 leaves, intertillage cultivation after transplanting, intertillage cultivation again after 10-15 days, spraying compound drought-resistant plant hormones on the leaves and roots during the jointing and heading stages; S4. Carry out field management and apply topdressing during the jointing and booting stages; S5. Harvest sorghum at the late grain filling stage when 80% of the sorghum grains turn from white to reddish brown; In step S1, the amount of fertilizer applied is 400-500 kg of farmyard manure, 10-15 kg of diammonium phosphate and 3-6 kg of urea per mu; In step S2, when sowing in holes, 3-4 seeds are sown in each hole, and the soil thickness is 2-3 cm. When sowing in rows, the sowing depth is 2-3 cm, the plant spacing is 20-30 cm, and when sowing in broadcast, the seed amount per mu is 2-3 kg; In step S3, the dosage of the composite drought-resistant plant hormone is 100-200 g per mu, and it is mixed with water at a ratio of 1:500 and then sprayed; The topdressing strategy in step S4 is: 5-6.5 kg of urea per mu during the jointing stage, and 3.5-5 kg ​​of urea per mu during the booting stage; The composite drought-resistant plant hormone in step S3 is prepared by the following steps: A1. Mix attapulgite and toluene, stir until fully dispersed, add 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, react at 70-80° C. with a stirring speed of 300-400 rpm for 2-4 hours, filter, wash, and dry at 80-90° C. for 24-48 hours to obtain modified attapulgite; A2, after mixing styrene sulfonic acid and vinyl pyrrolidone, add ammonium persulfate, carry out polymerization reaction at 60-70° C. for 4-6 hours, filter, wash, and dry at 60-70° C. for 24-48 hours to obtain an organic polymer copolymer; A3, the modified attapulgite and the organic polymer copolymer are mixed evenly, glutaraldehyde is added, the mixture is reacted at 80°C with a stirring speed of 400-600 rpm for 2-4 hours, filtered, washed, and dried at 80-100°C for 24-48 hours to obtain an attapulgite-organic polymer composite material, the attapulgite-organic polymer composite material is immersed in a 5-10% plant hormone solution for 2-4 hours, filtered, and a composite drought-resistant plant hormone is obtained; In step A1, the ratio of attapulgite, toluene and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is (10-12) g: (100-150) mL: (0.5-0.7) g; In step A2, the ratio of styrene sulfonic acid, vinyl pyrrolidone and ammonium persulfate is (1-3) g: (1.5-2.5) mL: (0.02-0.03) g; In step A3, the mass ratio of modified attapulgite, organic polymer copolymer and glutaraldehyde is (3-6): (9-13): (0.1-0.3); In step A3, the plant hormones include one or more of methyl salicylate, brassinolide, methyl jasmonate, gibberellin and abscisic acid.