Dual-beam antenna, antenna unit and antenna system

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application provides a dual-dual-beam antenna, an antenna unit and an antenna system, wherein the dual-dual-beam antenna comprises: two dual-beam antennas arranged side by side on the same antenna array plane, and the beam directions of both are plus or minus 30 degrees, and the two dual-beam antennas each comprise a plurality of dual-polarization radiating units arranged in N1 columns and N2 rows, and the polarization directions of the plurality of dual-polarization radiating units are both plus or minus 45 degrees; wherein N1 is determined based on a first unit spacing of the plurality of dual-polarization radiating units corresponding to the beam direction in the horizontal direction of the antenna, and N2 is determined based on a second unit spacing of the plurality of dual-polarization radiating units corresponding to a preset grating lobe avoidance condition in the vertical direction of the antenna, and the dual-dual-beam antenna is a compact ultra-wideband antenna capable of realizing two dual-beam antenna arrays on the same horizontal plane, and achieves a doubling of the channel capacity compared to a dual-beam antenna of the same length, thereby effectively improving the capacity of the antenna system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mobile communication antennas, and in particular to a dual-beam antenna, an antenna unit and an antenna system. Background Art

[0002] In view of the low capacity of the three-sector single-beam antenna system used by 2G, 3G, and 4G, the existing technology will split the original 65° single beam into ±30° dual beams to improve the system capacity; and although the large-scale array antenna used by 5G technology can achieve multi-beam and large-capacity applications, in actual applications, in order to balance system capacity, complexity, cost-effectiveness and other considerations, dual-beam applications have shown more superior performance. In high-density communication areas, dual-beam antenna solutions are simpler and more efficient than traditional 65° antennas, so the existing large-scale array antennas can be simplified into dual-beam applications.

[0003] However, if we only rely on traditional means such as increasing the number of dual-beam antennas to increase the capacity of the antenna system, we need to comprehensively consider the tower installation space, load-bearing capacity, and wind resistance, and face the increasingly prominent problem of site acquisition. This leads to the current traditional dual-beam antenna design facing many limitations in improving system capacity, making it difficult to achieve the expected results. Summary of the invention

[0004] In response to the shortcomings of the prior art, the present application proposes a dual-dual-beam antenna, an antenna unit and an antenna system. The dual-dual-beam antenna is a compact ultra-wideband antenna that can realize two dual-beam antenna arrays on the same horizontal plane. Compared with a dual-beam antenna of the same length, it doubles the channel capacity, thereby effectively improving the capacity of the antenna system.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the first aspect of the present application provides a dual-dual-beam antenna, comprising: two dual-beam antennas arranged side by side on the same antenna array plane, and the beam directions of both are plus or minus 30 degrees, and the two dual-beam antennas each include a plurality of dual-polarization radiating units arranged in N1 columns and N2 rows, and the polarization directions of the plurality of dual-polarization radiating units are both plus or minus 45 degrees; wherein the N1 is determined based on a first unit spacing of the plurality of dual-polarization radiating units corresponding to the beam direction in the horizontal direction of the antenna, and the N2 is determined based on a second unit spacing of the plurality of dual-polarization radiating units corresponding to a preset grating lobe avoidance condition in the vertical direction of the antenna.

[0006] In some embodiments, when the first unit spacing is determined to be 75 mm based on the beam direction, N1 is 3.

[0007] In some embodiments, the phase difference between the plurality of dual-polarization radiating units adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction of the antenna is 90 degrees, and the excitation power ratio of the three dual-polarization radiating units in the same row is 1:2:1.

[0008] In some embodiments, when the second unit spacing is determined to be 125 mm based on a grating lobe avoidance condition, N2 is 10.

[0009] In some embodiments, the dual-dual-beam antenna also includes a horizontal plane feeding network, which includes a 3dB directional coupler, a fixed phase shifter group and a one-to-two equal power divider, the input end of the 3dB directional coupler is connected to the left and right beams for applying excitation, and the output end of the 3dB directional coupler is connected to the multiple dual-polarization radiating units located in the same row of the dual-beam antenna through the fixed phase shifter group and the one-to-two equal power divider.

[0010] In some embodiments, the dual-dual-beam antenna also includes a vertical plane feeding network, which includes a one-to-ten-way power division phase-shifting feeding network, the input end of the one-to-ten-way power division phase-shifting feeding network is connected to the antenna input port of the dual-dual-beam antenna, and the output end of the one-to-ten-way power division phase-shifting feeding network is respectively connected to the antenna subarray of each row, and the antenna subarray includes a plurality of the dual-polarization radiating units located in the same row of the dual-beam antenna.

[0011] In some embodiments, two adjacent antenna sub-arrays in the vertical direction of the antenna are staggered in the horizontal direction of the antenna based on a preset staggered distance.

[0012] In some embodiments, the antenna width corresponding to the antenna array surface is less than 500 mm, and the operating frequency band of the dual-beam antenna is 1695 to 2690 MHz.

[0013] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the second aspect of the present application provides an antenna unit, comprising two dual-dual-beam antennas as described in any one of the embodiments of the first aspect, the two dual-dual-beam antennas are stacked up and down, and the antenna array plane of the dual-dual-beam antenna is provided with a single-beam antenna array arranged along the vertical direction of the antenna, and the horizontal beam width of the single-beam antenna array is 65 degrees.

[0014] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the third aspect of the embodiments of the present application proposes an antenna system, which includes a dual-beam antenna as described in any one of the embodiments of the first aspect, or includes an antenna unit as described in any one of the embodiments of the second aspect.

[0015] The embodiment of the present application provides a dual-dual-beam antenna, an antenna unit and an antenna system, the dual-dual-beam antenna comprising: two dual-beam antennas arranged side by side on the same antenna array plane, the beam directions of which are both plus or minus 30 degrees, the two dual-beam antennas each comprising a plurality of dual-polarization radiating units arranged in N1 columns and N2 rows, the polarization directions of the plurality of dual-polarization radiating units being both plus or minus 45 degrees; wherein N1 is determined based on a first unit spacing of the plurality of dual-polarization radiating units corresponding to the beam direction in the horizontal direction of the antenna, and N2 is determined based on a second unit spacing of the plurality of dual-polarization radiating units corresponding to a preset grating lobe avoidance condition in the vertical direction of the antenna, wherein the dual-dual-beam antenna in the present application achieves a doubling of the channel capacity by means of a compact design of arranging two dual-beam antenna arrays on the same horizontal plane, so as to allow the antenna system to provide more communication channels in the same space, thereby significantly improving the system capacity. It is understandable that due to the improvement in channel capacity of the dual-beam antenna, the capacity of the antenna system can be improved without increasing the installation space of the tower, which helps to solve the site acquisition problem and reduce costs, and reduces the additional burden on the tower to reduce wind load and load-bearing pressure. In addition, the unit spacing of multiple dual-polarization radiation units in the horizontal direction of the antenna and the vertical direction of the antenna is determined based on the beam direction and grating lobe avoidance conditions, which can optimize the radiation performance of the antenna, reduce the grating lobe effect, and improve the directivity of the signal, thereby effectively improving the channel capacity and communication capability of the system without adding additional hardware. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a comparison diagram of a 65-degree antenna and a dual-beam antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0017] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a dual-dual-beam antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 3 This is an indicator requirement diagram of a dual-beam base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 4 It is a front view schematic diagram of an antenna array surface in a dual-dual-beam antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal plane feeding network provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a vertical plane feeding network provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of beam superposition of a dual-dual-beam antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit provided in one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0025] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing the embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0026] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a comparison chart of a 65-degree antenna and a dual-beam antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application; in view of the current situation of low capacity of the three-sector single-beam antenna system adopted by 2G, 3G, and 4G, the existing technology will split the original 65° single beam into ±30° dual beams to improve the system capacity; and although the large-scale array antenna adopted by 5G technology can achieve multi-beam and large-capacity applications, in actual applications, in order to balance system capacity, complexity, cost-effectiveness and other considerations, dual-beam applications have shown more superior performance. In high-density communication areas, the dual-beam antenna solution is simpler and more efficient than the traditional 65° antenna, so the existing large-scale array antenna can be simplified into a dual-beam application.

[0027] It can be understood that the dual-beam antenna can achieve coverage in two different directions on the same frequency band. This back-to-back frequency reuse technology allows more users to be served on the same spectrum resources, thereby improving spectrum utilization. Due to its design, the dual-beam antenna can achieve higher antenna gain at the same length, allowing the antenna to collect and transmit signals more effectively, thereby providing stronger signal coverage. In addition, the beam edge level of the dual-beam antenna drops faster and has an excellent front-to-back ratio, which can reduce interference from other directions and improve communication quality.

[0028] Among them, the beam edge level of the dual-beam antenna drops faster, which helps reduce the number of soft handoffs for users at the edge of the coverage area. Soft handoff is the process of switching connections between multiple base stations when users move. Reducing soft handoffs can improve communication stability and user experience. The front-to-back ratio refers to the ratio of the signal strength of the antenna in the main beam direction to the reverse or side direction. The dual-beam antenna has a better front-to-back ratio performance.

[0029] In some embodiments, the dual-beam antenna also has the characteristics of simple and easy zoning and fast antenna feed replacement. In high-density coverage areas, in order to ensure that diverse user needs are met and to adapt to complex environmental conditions, it is usually necessary to finely divide the coverage area. The dual-beam antenna, with its two independent and controllable beams, greatly simplifies the process of such area division and provides greater flexibility. As a key component of the antenna and feeder system, the dual-beam antenna design is easy to replace and adjust, so that it can quickly respond to and meet relevant needs during network optimization and maintenance.

[0030] However, if we only rely on traditional means such as increasing the number of dual-beam antennas to increase the capacity of the antenna system, we need to comprehensively consider the tower installation space, load-bearing capacity, and wind resistance, and face the increasingly prominent problem of site acquisition. This leads to the current traditional dual-beam antenna design facing many limitations in improving system capacity, making it difficult to achieve the expected results.

[0031] Based on this, the application provides a dual-dual-beam antenna, an antenna unit and an antenna system, wherein the dual-dual-beam antenna comprises: two dual-beam antennas arranged side by side on the same antenna array plane, with beam directions of both being plus or minus 30 degrees, and both dual-beam antennas comprise a plurality of dual-polarization radiating units arranged in N1 columns and N2 rows, and the polarization directions of the plurality of dual-polarization radiating units are both plus or minus 45 degrees; wherein N1 is determined based on a first unit spacing of a plurality of dual-polarization radiating units corresponding to the beam direction in the horizontal direction of the antenna, and N2 is determined based on a second unit spacing of a plurality of dual-polarization radiating units corresponding to a preset grating lobe avoidance condition in the vertical direction of the antenna. The dual-dual-beam antenna is a compact ultra-wideband antenna capable of realizing two dual-beam antenna arrays on the same horizontal plane. Compared with dual-beam antennas of the same length, the channel capacity is doubled, thereby effectively improving the capacity of the antenna system.

[0032] refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a dual-dual-beam antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application; a first aspect of the present application provides a dual-dual-beam antenna, comprising: two dual-beam antennas arranged side by side on the same antenna array plane, with beam directions of both being plus or minus 30 degrees, the two dual-beam antennas each comprising a plurality of dual-polarization radiating units arranged in N1 columns and N2 rows, and the polarization directions of the plurality of dual-polarization radiating units are both plus or minus 45 degrees; wherein N1 is determined based on a first unit spacing of the plurality of dual-polarization radiating units corresponding to the beam direction in the horizontal direction of the antenna, and N2 is determined based on a second unit spacing of the plurality of dual-polarization radiating units corresponding to a preset grating lobe avoidance condition in the vertical direction of the antenna.

[0033] Among them, the dual-beam antenna design in the application adopts 45-degree dual polarization, which can realize two horizontal beams pointing at plus or minus 30 degrees, and these two beams share an antenna array surface. It can be understood that the dual-beam antenna in this application achieves a doubling of the channel capacity through a compact design of two dual-beam antenna arrays set on the same horizontal plane, allowing the antenna system to provide more communication channels in the same space, thereby significantly improving the system capacity.

[0034] It can be imagined that due to the improvement in channel capacity of the dual-beam antenna, the capacity of the antenna system can be increased without increasing the installation space of the tower, which helps to solve the site acquisition problem and reduce costs, and reduces the additional burden on the tower to reduce wind load and bearing pressure. Therefore, the installation space, bearing capacity and wind resistance of the tower can be solved, and the increasingly prominent site acquisition problem faces many limitations in improving the system capacity, which can effectively improve the capacity of the antenna system and achieve the expected effect.

[0035] In addition, the unit spacing of multiple dual-polarization radiating units in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the antenna is determined based on the beam direction and the grating lobe avoidance conditions, respectively, which can optimize the radiation performance of the antenna, reduce the grating lobe effect, and improve the directionality of the signal, thereby effectively improving the channel capacity and communication capability of the system without adding additional hardware.

[0036] refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 is an index requirement diagram of a dual-beam base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application; in some embodiments, according to the current operator's specifications, the antenna width is required not to exceed 500mm, so the antenna width corresponding to the antenna array surface in the present application can be controlled below 500mm. Figure 3 As shown, the operating frequency band of the dual-beam antenna in this application is set to 1695 to 2690 MHz, which is sufficient to cover the main operating frequency bands of current operators.

[0037] refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 : is a front schematic diagram of an antenna array surface in a dual-dual-beam antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application; in some embodiments, when the first unit spacing is determined to be 75 mm based on the beam direction, N1 is 3; specifically, when designing a dual-dual-beam antenna, N1 and N2 are arrangement parameters of the radiating elements in the antenna array, which respectively determine the number of elements of the antenna array in the horizontal and vertical directions. The following is a process for determining N1:

[0038] Beam pointing refers to the main direction of the antenna's radiated energy. In wireless communication technology, when the application scenario is expanded from the traditional three-sector to six-sector, in order to ensure communication efficiency and signal coverage quality, the beam pointing of the dual-beam base station antenna is optimized to about ±30 degrees to ensure the best signal transmission effect. The beam pointing is ±30 degrees, which means that the antenna design must achieve two main radiation directions, each corresponding to plus or minus 30 degrees. Therefore, according to the formula d1=Δφλ / 2πsinθ, d1 is the first unit spacing of adjacent radiating units, Δφ is the phase difference, λ is the wavelength at the operating frequency, and θ is the beam pointing angle. In the application, Δφ can be 90 degrees to form a dual beam.

[0039] Furthermore, at the center frequency, based on the beam pointing θ=30 degrees, the first unit spacing d1=λ / 2=68mm can be calculated. This is the theoretical spacing when the mutual coupling effect is not considered. The mutual coupling between the radiating units will affect the overall isolation index of the antenna. Therefore, considering the mutual coupling effect, in order to improve the isolation, the unit spacing can be increased based on the preset spacing value, and finally the first unit spacing d1=75mm is selected.

[0040] Furthermore, the number of radiating elements in the horizontal direction can be determined according to the first unit spacing. For the N1-element equal-amplitude linear array, their relationship is θ(3dB)=51°λ / N1d1. It can be understood that in order to ensure that the antenna has a sufficiently high gain, θ(3dB)=30 degrees. Substituting θ(3dB)=51°λ / N1d1, it can be calculated that N1=3.3. Considering the minimization of the antenna size, N1 can be rounded down and N1=3 is selected as the appropriate number of radiating elements in the horizontal direction, so that in the horizontal direction, each dual-beam antenna consists of 3 radiating elements.

[0041] In some embodiments, the phase difference between multiple adjacent dual-polarization radiating units in the horizontal direction of the antenna is 90 degrees, and the excitation power ratio of three dual-polarization radiating units located in the same row is 1:2:1. It can be understood that the phase difference between adjacent dual-polarization radiating units in the horizontal direction is 90 degrees, which helps to form a specific beam shape and directivity, and the three dual-polarization radiating units located in the same row use an excitation power ratio of 1:2:1 to help control the sidelobe level in the radiation pattern, that is, the secondary peak of the radiation pattern.

[0042] Specifically, when the linear array feeds each radiating element through the amplitude distribution decreasing from the middle to the sides, and the power distribution of the 3-element subarray is 1:x:1, as the x value increases, the radiation pattern shows different sidelobe level change rules. In the range of 0 to -60 degrees, the sidelobe level decreases as the x value increases, making the radiation pattern more concentrated in this range and reducing sidelobe interference; on the contrary, in the range of -60 to -120 degrees, the sidelobe level increases as the x value increases, which may cause more sidelobe interference. Therefore, by analyzing the radiation pattern characteristics under different x values, it can be found that when x is 2, the balance between the sidelobe suppression effect and the gain reaches the best state, so that the 1:2:1 power distribution can effectively control the sidelobe level while maintaining a higher gain, thereby providing better signal coverage and reducing interference. Through this specific power distribution and phase difference design, the antenna radiation pattern can be optimized to have a lower sidelobe level and a higher gain, thereby reducing interference and improving signal quality.

[0043] In summary, each dual-beam antenna in the present application will have three radiating units in the horizontal direction, the spacing between them is 75 mm, and the phase difference between adjacent units is 90 degrees, and the excitation power ratio of each unit is 1:2:1. The above determination process can ensure that the antenna has the required beam pointing and coverage in the horizontal direction while considering the mutual coupling effect, antenna size limitation, sidelobe suppression effect and gain balance in practical applications, thereby helping to optimize high-density area communications to improve the performance and efficiency of the antenna.

[0044] In some embodiments, when the second unit spacing is determined to be 125 mm based on the grating lobe avoidance condition, N2 is 10, wherein in antenna design, grating lobe refers to a strong radiation peak that appears outside the main lobe in the antenna radiation pattern due to excessive unit spacing. The appearance of grating lobes will disperse the radiation energy of the antenna, reduce the gain of the main lobe, and affect the communication quality. Therefore, avoiding the appearance of grating lobes is an important goal in antenna design. Since the increase in the grating lobe peak will cause the main lobe peak to decrease, the grating lobe avoidance condition that needs to be met in the antenna design can be determined to avoid the appearance of grating lobes in the range of -π / 2<θ<π / 2, and then combined with the second unit spacing d2<λ / (1+sinθ), it can be calculated that at a specific electrical downtilt angle θ=10 degrees, the spacing d2 of the antenna array elements is <116 mm.

[0045] Furthermore, in order to ensure that the antenna has a sufficiently high gain and taking into account the scalability of the antenna platform (for example, it can be embedded with subarrays in other frequency bands and used as a hybrid beam antenna), the vertical spacing should not be too small. Therefore, based on the preset spacing correction value, the second unit spacing d2 = 125 mm can be finally selected.

[0046] Furthermore, for the N3-element equal-amplitude linear array, according to the formula θ(3dB)=51°λ / N3d, it can be calculated that at the center frequency, in order to satisfy θ3dB≤6° and to ensure sufficiently high gain, the number of radiating elements N2 should be no less than 10.4. Considering the minimization of the antenna size and the large unit spacing, the number of elements should be rounded down. Therefore, N2=10 is taken to avoid the appearance of grating lobes, improve the gain of the main lobe, and thus optimize the communication quality.

[0047] refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal plane feeding network provided by an embodiment of the present application, Figure 4 Right now Figure 5 The numbers ①, ② and ③ correspond to three dual-polarization radiating units located in the same antenna subarray respectively; in some embodiments, the dual-dual-beam antenna also includes a horizontal plane feeding network, the horizontal plane feeding network includes a 3dB directional coupler, a fixed phase shifter group and a one-to-two equal power divider, the input end of the 3dB directional coupler is connected to the left and right beams for applying excitation, and the output end of the 3dB directional coupler is connected to multiple dual-polarization radiating units located in the same row of the dual-beam antenna through the fixed phase shifter group and the one-to-two equal power divider.

[0048] like Figure 5 As shown, it can be understood that in the design of the horizontal plane feeding network of the present application, its core module is an orthogonal 2×3 matrix network, which is composed of the following components: a 3dB directional coupler, a fixed phase shifter group and a one-to-two equal power divider. When the left beam input port In1 and the right beam input port In2 are respectively excited, combined with the ±180-degree phase difference caused by the reverse 180-degree installation of the unit connected to the first port of the subarray, the phase difference of output ports 1 to 3 will be: 90 degrees, 0 degrees, -90 degrees and -90 degrees, 0 degrees, 90 degrees. At the same time, the power ratio of output ports 1 to 3 is set to 1:2:1. This design is intended to achieve independent amplitude and phase weighting of the three units in the horizontal plane antenna subarray, thereby forming two beams pointing to ±30 degrees.

[0049] refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a vertical plane feeding network provided by an embodiment of the present application, Figure 6A1 to A10 correspond to ten antenna subarrays in the vertical direction respectively; in some embodiments, the dual-beam antenna also includes a vertical plane feeding network, the vertical plane feeding network includes a one-to-ten-way power division phase-shifting feeding network, the input end of the one-to-ten-way power division phase-shifting feeding network is connected to the antenna input port of the dual-beam antenna, and the output end of the one-to-ten-way power division phase-shifting feeding network is respectively connected to the antenna subarrays of each row, and the antenna subarrays include multiple dual-polarization radiation units located in the same row of the dual-beam antenna. Specifically, the vertical plane layout of the dual-beam antenna is realized by a one-to-ten-way power division phase-shifting feeding network, which accurately distributes the energy transmitted to the antenna receiving port to the ten antenna subarrays in the vertical direction, thereby constructing an antenna system with narrow beam and high gain characteristics in the vertical plane. Furthermore, the coordinated work of the horizontal plane feeding network and the vertical plane feeding network together constitutes the whole machine feeding network solution for realizing two dual-beam antenna arrays on the horizontal plane of the present application.

[0050] In some embodiments, two antenna subarrays adjacent in the vertical direction of the antenna are staggered in the horizontal direction of the antenna based on a preset staggered distance. It can be understood that in the antenna design of the multi-beam antenna system, controlling the sidelobe level can reduce interference and improve the quality of the signal. In this embodiment, by introducing a preset staggered distance between two antenna subarrays adjacent in the vertical direction, the improvement of horizontal plane sidelobe suppression can be achieved. It can be imagined that by staggering the two antenna subarrays in the vertical plane in the horizontal direction, the radiation pattern of the antenna array can be changed, and the shape of the radiation pattern can be adjusted by changing the relative position of the radiation unit at the physical level. Specifically, the staggered distance is set to 0.25 times the horizontal plane subarray spacing, that is, 17.75 mm, which can change the phase relationship between each radiation unit and effectively reduce the sidelobe level of the horizontal plane radiation pattern to achieve the sidelobe suppression effect.

[0051] refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 : is a schematic diagram of beam superposition of a dual-beam antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application, wherein, in the present application, two horizontal beams are set on the same antenna array plane, and the 45-degree dual-polarization dual-beam antenna points to positive and negative 30 degrees respectively, corresponding to Figure 7 The left dual beam antenna and the right dual beam antenna in the figure. Figure 7From the radiation pattern results in , it can be seen that the horizontal radiation patterns of the left dual-beam antenna and the right dual-beam antenna are very close, and can achieve the same signal coverage effect. The working frequency band of this application can cover 1695 to 2690MH, and the antenna width can be controlled within 500mm. By using this dual-beam antenna configuration, the application can improve the channel capacity without additional consideration of the tower installation space, tower bearing capacity, wind load capacity, and increasingly sensitive site acquisition issues, and has the ability of natural switching, which is more practical and flexible.

[0052] In summary, this application is based on Figure 3 The index requirements of the dual-beam base station antenna shown in the figure are based on the array antenna principle, broadband directional coupler and power divider phase shifter feeding network principle, so as to design a dual-dual-beam antenna and the corresponding whole-machine feeding network solution. The dual-dual-beam antenna can achieve effective coverage of two dual-beams on the horizontal plane, and the design size of the dual-dual-beam antenna can strictly follow the current operator's site standards, and has better communication performance than traditional beam antennas.

[0053] refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the present application; the second aspect of the present application provides an antenna unit, including two dual-dual-beam antennas as any one of the embodiments of the first aspect, the two dual-dual-beam antennas are stacked up and down, and the antenna array surface of the dual-dual-beam antenna is provided with a single-beam antenna array arranged along the vertical direction of the antenna, and the horizontal beam width of the single-beam antenna array is 65 degrees; it can be understood that the two dual-dual-beam antennas are integrated up and down, and a row of low-frequency 65-degree antenna arrays are deployed in the center of the antenna. Compared with conventional dual-beam antennas, the channel capacity is significantly increased by 3 times, and the conventional 65-degree beam coverage of a new frequency band is successfully expanded, so that the present invention provides an efficient solution for channel capacity upgrade and frequency band expansion without increasing the antenna area.

[0054] A third aspect of the embodiments of the present application proposes an antenna system, which includes a dual-dual-beam antenna as in any one of the embodiments of the first aspect, or includes an antenna unit as in any one of the embodiments of the second aspect.

[0055] The embodiments described in the embodiments of the present application are intended to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that with the evolution of technology and the emergence of new application scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0056] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the technical solutions shown in the figures do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present application, and may include more or fewer steps than shown in the figures, or a combination of certain steps, or different steps.

[0057] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0058] In the embodiments of the present application, "at least one" refers to one or more, and "more than one" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the situation where A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. Among them, A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the objects associated before and after are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" and similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of singular or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b and c can mean: a exists alone, b exists alone, c exists alone, a and b exist at the same time, a and c exist at the same time, b and c exist at the same time, or a, b and c exist at the same time, wherein a, b, c can be single or multiple.

[0059] In the embodiments of the present application, each term and English abbreviation is provided for the convenience of description and shall not constitute any limitation to the present application. The present application does not exclude the possibility of defining other terms that can achieve the same or similar functions in existing or future protocols.

[0060] In the embodiments of the present application, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first", "second", and "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0061] The above embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A dual-beam antenna, characterized in that: include: Two dual-beam antennas arranged side by side on the same antenna array, each with a beam direction of plus or minus 30 degrees, wherein the two dual-beam antennas each include a plurality of dual-polarization radiating units arranged in N1 columns and N2 rows, and the polarization directions of the plurality of dual-polarization radiating units are both plus or minus 45 degrees; Wherein, the N1 is determined based on a first unit spacing of a plurality of the dual-polarized radiation units corresponding to the beam direction in the horizontal direction of the antenna, and the N2 is determined based on a second unit spacing of a plurality of the dual-polarized radiation units corresponding to a preset grating lobe avoidance condition in the vertical direction of the antenna; Among them, the first unit spacing is 75mm, the N1 is 3, the phase difference between the multiple dual-polarization radiation units adjacent in the horizontal direction of the antenna is 90 degrees, the excitation power ratio of the three dual-polarization radiation units in the same row is 1:2:1, the second unit spacing is 125mm, the N2 is 10, and the corresponding numerical determination process is as follows: According to the formula d1=Δφλ / 2πsinθ, d1 is determined by the first unit spacing, Δφ is the phase difference, λ is the wavelength at the operating frequency, θ is the beam pointing angle corresponding to the beam direction, Δφ is taken as 90 degrees, at the center frequency, according to the beam pointing θ=30 degrees, the first unit spacing d1=λ / 2=68mm is calculated, 68mm is the theoretical spacing when the mutual coupling effect is not considered, considering the mutual coupling effect, the first unit spacing is increased based on the preset spacing value, and the first unit spacing d1=75mm is selected; According to the formula θ(3dB)=51°λ / N1d1, θ(3dB) is taken as 30 degrees, and N1 is rounded down, and N1=3 is selected; According to the phase difference, the excitation power ratio of the three dual-polarization radiation units is set to 1:x:1, and x=2 is selected by analyzing the directional pattern characteristics under different x values; The grating lobe avoidance condition is determined to avoid the grating lobe from appearing in the range of -π / 2<θ<π / 2. Combined with the second unit spacing d2<λ / (1+sinθ), it is calculated that when the electrical downtilt angle θ=10 degrees, the antenna array element spacing d2<116mm. According to the scalability of the antenna platform and based on the preset spacing correction value, the second unit spacing d2=125mm is selected. According to the formula θ(3dB)=51°λ / N2d2, it is calculated that when θ(3dB)≤6° at the center frequency, the number of radiating elements N2 is not less than 10.

4. Based on the minimization of the antenna size and the fact that the element spacing is already too large, the number of elements is rounded down and N2=10 is selected.

2. The dual beam antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dual-dual-beam antenna also includes a horizontal plane feeding network, which includes a 3dB directional coupler, a fixed phase shifter group and a one-to-two equal power divider. The input end of the 3dB directional coupler is connected to the left and right beams for applying excitation, and the output end of the 3dB directional coupler is connected to the multiple dual-polarization radiating units located in the same row in the dual-beam antenna through the fixed phase shifter group and the one-to-two equal power divider.

3. The dual beam antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dual-dual-beam antenna also includes a vertical plane feeding network, which includes a one-to-ten-way power division phase-shift feeding network, the input end of the one-to-ten-way power division phase-shift feeding network is connected to the antenna input port of the dual-dual-beam antenna, and the output end of the one-to-ten-way power division phase-shift feeding network is respectively connected to the antenna subarray of each row, and the antenna subarray includes a plurality of the dual-polarization radiating units located in the same row of the dual-beam antenna.

4. The dual-beam antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: Two antenna subarrays adjacent to each other in the vertical direction of the antenna are staggered in the horizontal direction of the antenna based on a preset staggered distance.

5. The dual beam antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna width corresponding to the antenna array surface is less than 500 mm, and the operating frequency band of the dual-beam antenna is 1695 to 2690 MHz.

6. An antenna unit, characterized in that: It comprises two dual-double-beam antennas as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, the two dual-double-beam antennas are stacked up and down, and the antenna array plane of the dual-double-beam antenna is provided with a single-beam antenna array arranged along the vertical direction of the antenna, and the beam width of the single-beam antenna array is 65 degrees.

7. An antenna system, characterized in that: The antenna system comprises the dual dual-beam antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, or comprises the antenna unit as claimed in claim 6.

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