A method for evaluating and identifying waterlogging tolerance of green-leafed Bougainvillea plants
Through the evaluation method of appearance and morphology index under flood stress, the water resistance of bougainvillea was evaluated, and the problem of waterlogging in low-humidity environments was solved, and varieties with good waterlogging resistance were screened out, which solved the existing technology's resistance The problem of gaps in waterlogging research has improved breeding efficiency and promotion and application.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410777200.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-03
- Estimated Expiration
- 2044-06-17
AI Technical Summary
Bougainvillea plants are prone to waterlogging in low humidity environments, resulting in insufficient oxygen supply in soil, affecting their flowering quality and large-scale production. The existing technology lacks effective waterlogging resistance research and evaluation methods, which limits their promotion and application in rainy areas. .
The evaluation method of appearance morphological index under flood stress, including leaf color changes, mature leaf morphology changes, tender tip morphology changes, stem color changes and leaf loss rate. The waterlogging resistance of green leaf bougainvillea was evaluated by calculating the waterlogging resistance value, and screening Varieties with good waterlogging resistance.
A simple and easy-to-use waterlogging evaluation system has been established, which has improved the efficiency of waterlogging germplasm screening, accelerated the breeding process of bougainvillea, screened out varieties with ornamental and waterlogging resistance, and expanded its promotion scope.
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Figure CN118746652B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation and breeding, in particular to an evaluation and identification method for waterlogging resistance of green-leafed bougainvillea plants. Background Art
[0002] Bougainvillea is an evergreen vine-like flowering shrub of the genus Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea Comm.Ex Juss) in the family Nyctaginaceae. At present, there are more than 1,000 varieties worldwide. It is deeply loved by people because of its rich and bright bracts, long flowering period, drought resistance, and easy cultivation. Bougainvillea is a short-day plant that likes a warm and humid environment, has high requirements for light, is not cold-resistant, and is afraid of rain and waterlogging. It has strong adaptability in South my country and can bloom many times a year. It is widely used in landscaping, bridge greening, and courtyard greening. In recent years, with the arrival of its industrialization peak, the demand for Bougainvillea in production and application has continued to increase, and it has become one of the fastest-growing woody flowers in my country. However, since it is native to tropical regions, it can survive in hot and dry environments, but cannot tolerate low-humidity environments such as waterlogging and waterlogging. The groundwater level in southern my country is high, and the rainfall in the summer rainy season is heavy and strong, resulting in heavy soil and poor drainage, which is prone to waterlogging, resulting in insufficient soil oxygen supply and waterlogging. At present, the application of bougainvillea is often planted in pots, which can not only alleviate the waterlogging caused by stagnant water, but also regulate its flowering period. However, this method is costly, time-consuming and labor-intensive, and difficult to be applied on a large scale in the management of landscaping. Therefore, waterlogging stress is also one of the reasons that affect the flowering quality of bougainvillea, which has become a bottleneck for its large-scale production and expansion of its garden application. At the same time, it also greatly limits the promotion and application of this plant in rainy and water-rich areas.
[0003] In addition to lowering the groundwater level through water conservancy facilities, the most fundamental and effective way to reduce waterlogging damage is to breed varieties with better waterlogging resistance for use in production. The waterlogging resistance of plants varies greatly depending on the plant type, provenance, and variety. In essence, it is the manifestation of genotype differences in phenotype. Previous studies have been conducted on the drought resistance, flowering period regulation, and cold resistance of Bougainvillea, but there are few reports on the waterlogging resistance of Bougainvillea. Summary of the invention
[0004] Based on this, the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a method for evaluating and identifying the waterlogging resistance of green-leafed Bougainvillea plants. This patent fills the gap in the research on waterlogging resistance of green-leafed Bougainvillea plants, adopts the appearance morphological indicators of Bougainvillea plants under flooding stress, and establishes a simple and easy evaluation method that can objectively reflect the waterlogging resistance of Bougainvillea germplasm, improves the efficiency of waterlogging-resistant germplasm screening, accelerates the breeding process of waterlogging-resistant Bougainvillea, and screens and cultivates Bougainvillea varieties with excellent ornamental properties and waterlogging resistance.
[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: the evaluation method comprises the following steps:
[0006] S1. Flooding the green leaf bougainvillea in pots;
[0007] S2, performing appearance morphology test on the green-leafed Bougainvillea cuttings treated with flooding in S1, wherein the appearance morphology includes leaf color change, mature leaf morphology change, tender shoot morphology change, stem color change, and leaf fall rate;
[0008] S3, after calculating the scores according to the scoring criteria of leaf color change, mature leaf morphology change, young shoot morphology change, stem color change, and leaf fall rate, the scores are substituted into the waterlogging tolerance value calculation formula F(X) to obtain the waterlogging tolerance value and the waterlogging tolerance grade of the green-leafed Bougainvillea plant;
[0009] The waterlogging tolerance calculation formula is F(X)=0.26A+0.13B+0.10C+0.11D+0.12E, wherein A, B, C, D, and E represent the scores of leaf color change, mature leaf morphology change, young shoot morphology change, stem color change, and leaf fall rate, respectively.
[0010] Preferably, the green-leaf bougainvillea is selected from 3-year-old green-leaf bougainvillea cuttings.
[0011] The inventors found in the actual experimental process that the size and characteristics of 3-year-old bougainvillea plants are relatively stable and have a certain resistance. The 2-year-old seedlings are relatively weak, the plant development is not mature enough, the crown width is not large enough, and there are not enough branches and leaves for observation during morphological observation. In addition, there are variegated varieties among the bougainvillea varieties. There are differences in leaf color and leaf morphology between variegated varieties and green leaf varieties during flooding, so this evaluation method is only applicable to green leaf bougainvillea varieties.
[0012] Preferably, the flooding treatment is specifically: flooding 2-3 cm above the soil surface and continuing flooding for 15 days.
[0013] The inventors found in the actual experiment that when the waterlogging of bougainvillea reaches 15 days, the waterlogging resistance of bougainvillea varieties can be distinguished to the greatest extent. At this time, the characteristics of waterlogging-resistant and waterlogging-intolerant varieties are most obvious, which is the critical value of waterlogging damage. If the flooding continues for 18 days, the waterlogging-resistant varieties will also drop leaves and turn yellow, and there will be no difference at this time. Therefore, the best water control time for bougainvillea is 15 days.
[0014] The present invention adopts a potted flooding identification method, and performs flooding treatment on 3-year-old bougainvillea cutting seedlings of different varieties, the water is flooded 2-3 cm above the soil surface, and water is replenished regularly. Starting from the 0th day of the flooding treatment, the external changes of each treatment are observed and recorded once a day, and the flooding is continued for 15 days. According to the phenotypic changes, five indicators of leaf color change, mature leaf morphology change, tender shoot morphology change, stem color, and leaf fall rate are selected for evaluation, and the grading range and scoring standard of each indicator are formulated. After the total score is calculated according to the grade scoring standard, the waterlogging resistance of green-leaf bougainvillea is comprehensively evaluated with reference to the evaluation scheme.
[0015] Preferably, the grading range and scoring standard of the appearance morphology are as follows: the grading range and scoring standard of the leaf color change index are shown in Table 1, the grading range and scoring standard of the mature leaf morphology change index are shown in Table 2, the grading range and scoring standard of the tender shoot morphology change index are shown in Table 3, the grading range and scoring standard of the stem color change index are shown in Table 4, and the grading range and scoring standard of the leaf fall rate index are shown in Table 5:
[0016] Table 1
[0017] Measured value rating range Leaf color changes Score Ⅰ Green leaves 7 Ⅱ Yellow Green 5 Ⅲ Yellow withered leaves 3 Ⅳ Yellow and withered leaves account for 1 / 2 of the whole plant 1 Ⅴ The whole plant turns yellow and withers 0
[0018] Table 2
[0019] Measured value rating range Mature leaf shape Score Ⅰ Natural Outreach 7 Ⅱ Slight shrinkage, irregular spots 5 Ⅲ Drooping and wilting 3 Ⅳ Water loss and drying up accounts for 1 / 2 of the whole plant 1 Ⅴ The whole plant is dry 0
[0020] Table 3
[0021] Measured value rating range Young shoot morphology Score Ⅰ Natural Outreach 7 Ⅱ Slightly wrinkled, with irregular dead spots on the leaf edges 5 Ⅲ Loss of water turns yellow-green, leaves droop and wilt 2 Ⅳ Green to black, leaves dry up 0
[0022] Table 4
[0023] Measured value rating range Stem color change Score Ⅰ brown 2 Ⅱ Dark brown 1 Ⅲ Black 0
[0024] Table 5
[0025] Measured value rating range Leaf fall rate (%) Score Ⅰ 0-20 7 Ⅱ 21-40 5 Ⅲ 41-60 3 Ⅳ 61-80 1
[0026]
[0027] Preferably, the waterlogging resistance grade of the green-leafed Bougainvillea plant is calculated based on the scoring criteria of leaf color change, mature leaf morphology change, tender shoot morphology change, stem color change, and leaf fall rate to determine the total score. The specific grade standards are shown in Table 6 below:
[0028] Table 6
[0029] Measured value rating range Points name Ⅰ 3<F(X)≤5 Waterlogging tolerant Ⅱ 1<F(X)≤3 More resistant to waterlogging Ⅲ 0≤F(X)≤1 Not tolerant to waterlogging
[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention is based on the needs of modern ecological gardening and greening, and in view of the current situation of extreme shortage of waterlogging-resistant tree species, the present invention conducts a systematic study on the waterlogging resistance of green-leaf bougainvillea plants for the first time, laying a solid foundation for the evaluation of waterlogging resistance and waterlogging resistance mechanism of green-leaf bougainvillea germplasm resources in the future. The present invention uses five appearance morphological indicators, namely leaf color change, mature leaf morphology change, tender shoot morphology change, stem color change, and leaf fall rate change, to establish a waterlogging resistance screening and evaluation system for green-leaf bougainvillea. The system is simple to operate and can truly and objectively reflect the waterlogging resistance of green-leaf bougainvillea. It is a relatively scientific and systematic method for identifying the waterlogging resistance of green-leaf bougainvillea germplasm. At present, using this method, the inventor has screened out some green-leaf bougainvillea germplasm with strong waterlogging resistance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0031] Figure 1 , Figure 2 This is a record of the morphology of water red;
[0032] Figure 3 , Figure 4 This is a morphological record diagram of lemon yellow;
[0033] Figure 5 , Figure 6 It is an orange-red morphological record diagram;
[0034] Figure 7 , Figure 8 This is a morphological record of Brazilian purple;
[0035] Fig. 9 , Fig.10 This is a morphological record of Microphylla purpurogena;
[0036] Fig.11 This is a diagram that records the shape of cherry blossoms. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0037] In order to better illustrate the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. In the embodiments, the experimental methods used are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the materials, reagents, etc. used are all available from commercial sources unless otherwise specified.
[0038] Implementation case 1 – Determination of the suitable waterlogging resistance time for Bougainvillea.
[0039] Through preliminary experiments, it was found that the appearance morphology of all materials did not change significantly in the early stage of flooding treatment, but as the flooding time prolonged, the phenotypic differences between the varieties of Bougainvillea became larger. By 15 days of flooding, the leaves of some varieties that were not tolerant to flooding had dried up and died, such as the whole plant of lemon yellow withered on the 10th day, and the whole plant of orange red and water red withered on the 15th day; while Brazilian purple and small-leaf purple showed dry leaves on the tender tips and yellow leaves on the mature leaves; and only a small number of mature leaves of cherry blossoms turned yellow. Among the six Bougainvillea varieties tested, half of the materials had died by 15 days of flooding. Therefore, we believe that the identification time for flooding resistance of Bougainvillea varieties is appropriate to be 15 days. This time node can quickly screen out flood-resistant germplasm. If this time is exceeded, most varieties will die and lose the significance of screening.
[0040] in, Figure 1-11 These are the morphological records of six green-leaf bougainvillea varieties, namely Brazilian purple, water red, orange red, lemon yellow, cherry blossom, and small-leaf purple; the dates of the photos are marked on the pictures, namely the first day of flooding, the second day, the third day, the fourth day, the fifth day, the sixth day, the seventh day, the eighth day, the ninth day, the tenth day, the eleventh day, the twelfth day, the thirteenth day, the fourteenth day, the fifteenth day, the sixteenth day, the seventeenth day, and the eighteenth day. During the recording process, not every day was photographed, and some days were not recorded because the difference was not big. The days of the recording are marked in the picture.
[0041] Figure 1 , Figure 2 This is a record of the morphology of water red; Figure 3 , Figure 4 This is a morphological record diagram of lemon yellow; Figure 5 , Figure 6 It is an orange-red morphological record diagram; Figure 7 , Figure 8 This is a morphological record of Brazilian purple; Fig. 9 , Fig.10 This is a morphological record of Microphylla purpurogena; Fig.11 This is a diagram that records the shape of cherry blossoms.
[0042] Implementation case 2 - Screening of waterlogging-resistant germplasm of Bougainvillea.
[0043] The present embodiment relates to a method for evaluating and identifying waterlogging resistance of green-leafed Bougainvillea plants, the method specifically comprising the following steps:
[0044] S1. Flood the potted plants of three-year-old green-leafed Bougainvillea cuttings of different varieties to a depth of 2-3 cm above the soil surface for 15 days.
[0045] S2. The green-leafed Bougainvillea cuttings treated with flooding in S1 were subjected to appearance morphology test, wherein the appearance morphology includes leaf color change, mature leaf morphology change, tender shoot morphology change, stem color change, and leaf fall rate; the evaluation is shown in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, and Table 5;
[0046] S3. After calculating the score according to the scoring criteria of leaf color change, mature leaf morphology change, young shoot morphology change, stem color change, and leaf fall rate, substitute the score into the waterlogging resistance calculation formula F(X) to obtain the waterlogging resistance value. The waterlogging resistance calculation formula F(X)=0.26A+0.13B+0.10C+0.11D+0.12E. Determine the waterlogging resistance grade and name according to Table 6 to obtain the waterlogging resistance grade of the green-leaf Bougainvillea plant.
[0047] The grading range and scoring standard of the appearance morphology are as follows: the grading range and scoring standard of the leaf color change index are shown in Table 1, the grading range and scoring standard of the mature leaf morphology change index are shown in Table 2, the grading range and scoring standard of the tender shoot morphology change index are shown in Table 3, the grading range and scoring standard of the stem color change index are shown in Table 4, and the grading range and scoring standard of the leaf fall rate index are shown in Table 5:
[0048] Table 1
[0049] Measured value rating range Leaf color changes Score Ⅰ Green leaves 7 Ⅱ Yellow Green 5 Ⅲ Yellow withered leaves 3 Ⅳ Yellow and withered leaves account for 1 / 2 of the whole plant 1 Ⅴ The whole plant turns yellow and withers 0
[0050] Table 2
[0051] Measured value rating range Mature leaf shape Score Ⅰ Natural Outreach 7 Ⅱ Slight shrinkage, irregular spots 5 Ⅲ Drooping and wilting 3 Ⅳ Water loss and drying up accounts for 1 / 2 of the whole plant 1 Ⅴ The whole plant is dry 0
[0052] Table 3
[0053] Measured value rating range Young shoot morphology Score Ⅰ Natural Outreach 7 Ⅱ Slightly wrinkled, with irregular dead spots on the leaf edges 5 Ⅲ Loss of water turns yellow-green, leaves droop and wilt 2 Ⅳ Green to black, leaves dry up 0
[0054] Table 4
[0055] Measured value rating range Stem color change Score Ⅰ brown 2 Ⅱ Dark brown 1 Ⅲ Black 0
[0056] Table 5
[0057] Measured value rating range Leaf fall rate (%) Score Ⅰ 0-20 7 Ⅱ 21-40 5 Ⅲ 41-60 3 Ⅳ 61-80 1 Ⅴ 81-100 0
[0058] The specific grade standards are shown in Table 6 below:
[0059] Table 6
[0060] Measured value rating range Points name Ⅰ 3<F(X)≤5 Waterlogging tolerant Ⅱ 1<F(X)≤3 More resistant to waterlogging Ⅲ 0≤F(X)≤1 Not tolerant to waterlogging
[0061] The present invention selects 6 green-leaf bougainvillea varieties, namely Brazilian purple, water red, orange red, lemon yellow, cherry blossom, and small-leaf purple, and uniformly carries out flooding stress. In the experiment, each bougainvillea variety is set with 2 treatments: normal water treatment and flooding treatment, and each treatment is repeated 3 times, so the required test materials are 36 plants in total. The flooding treatment adopts a double-set pot method, that is, the flower pot is placed in a large barrel with an upper diameter × bottom diameter × height of 420*320*325mm for flooding, so that the water surface is 2-3cm higher than the soil surface, and water is replenished regularly. Starting from the 0th day of the flooding treatment, the external changes of each treatment are observed and recorded once a day, including leaf color and leaf morphology, stem color and morphology, etc., and photographed for archiving (overall + details). According to its phenotypic changes, 5 indicators of leaf color change, mature leaf morphology change, tender shoot morphology change, stem color change, and leaf fall rate change are selected for evaluation.
[0062] According to the evaluation criteria, the waterlogging resistance of the test materials was evaluated and graded. Among them, A is the change in leaf color, B is the change in mature leaf morphology, C is the change in tender shoot morphology, D is the change in stem color, and E is the change in leaf fall rate. The evaluation results are shown in Table 7.
[0063] Table 7 (Rating results after flooding for 15 days)
[0064]
[0065] Table 8 (Rating results after flooding for 13 days)
[0066]
[0067]
[0068] As shown in Table 8, varieties with good waterlogging resistance are still relatively waterlogging resistant, but varieties with poor waterlogging resistance also have higher scores, and some varieties have a cross-grade phenomenon, indicating that 13d is not reasonable enough as the critical point of waterlogging resistance test. As shown in Table 7, cherry blossom and Brazilian purple have the strongest waterlogging resistance, followed by small-leaf purple, while water red, orange red and lemon yellow have poor waterlogging resistance. The present invention establishes a waterlogging resistance evaluation system for green-leaf bougainvillea plants through the morphological differences of different green-leaf bougainvillea varieties under flooding stress. The operation is simple and easy, and can objectively and truly reflect the waterlogging resistance of bougainvillea germplasm. Through screening and evaluation, some germplasm materials with good waterlogging resistance were screened out, and their application will expand the promotion scope of green-leaf bougainvillea.
[0069] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for evaluating and identifying waterlogging resistance of green-leafed Bougainvillea plants, characterized in that: The evaluation and identification method comprises the following steps: S1. Flooding the green leaf bougainvillea in pots; S2, performing appearance morphology test on the green-leafed Bougainvillea cuttings treated with flooding in S1, wherein the appearance morphology includes leaf color change, mature leaf morphology change, tender shoot morphology change, stem color change, and leaf fall rate; S3, after calculating the scores according to the scoring criteria of leaf color change, mature leaf morphology change, young shoot morphology change, stem color change, and leaf fall rate, the scores are substituted into the waterlogging tolerance value calculation formula F(X) to obtain the waterlogging tolerance value and the waterlogging tolerance grade of the green-leafed Bougainvillea plant; The waterlogging tolerance value calculation formula is F(X)=0.26A+0.13B+0.10C+0.11D+0.12E, where A, B, C, D, and E represent the scores of leaf color change, mature leaf morphology change, young shoot morphology change, stem color change, and leaf fall rate, respectively; The grading range and scoring standard of the appearance morphology are as follows: the grading range and scoring standard of the leaf color change index are shown in Table 1, the grading range and scoring standard of the mature leaf morphology change index are shown in Table 2, the grading range and scoring standard of the tender shoot morphology change index are shown in Table 3, the grading range and scoring standard of the stem color change index are shown in Table 4, and the grading range and scoring standard of the leaf fall rate index are shown in Table 5: Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 The waterlogging resistance grade of the green-leafed bougainvillea plant is calculated based on the scoring criteria of leaf color change, mature leaf morphology change, young shoot morphology change, stem color change, and leaf fall rate, and the score is substituted into the waterlogging resistance value calculation formula F(X) to obtain the waterlogging resistance value and the waterlogging resistance grade of the green-leafed bougainvillea plant. The specific grade standards are shown in Table 6 below: Table 6 2. The method for evaluating and identifying waterlogging resistance of green leafed Bougainvillea plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The green-leaf bougainvillea is selected from 3-year-old green-leaf bougainvillea cuttings.
3. The method for evaluating and identifying waterlogging resistance of green leafed Bougainvillea plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flooding treatment specifically includes: flooding 2-3 cm above the soil surface and continuing flooding for 15 days.
4. Application of the method for evaluating and identifying the waterlogging resistance of green-leafed Bougainvillea plants as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 in evaluating the waterlogging resistance of green-leafed Bougainvillea plants.