A centralized monitoring system for tunnel drainage facilities

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel drainage facilities, and specifically to a centralized monitoring system for tunnel drainage facilities, including a dynamic terrain adaptation module, a water level monitoring module, a video monitoring module, a data analysis and processing module, and an early warning and response module, wherein: the dynamic terrain adaptation module uses geological radar and underground imaging technology to monitor the terrain and geological structure changes around the tunnel; the water level monitoring module collects water level information in real time; the video monitoring module realizes all-weather real-time video monitoring of the interior of the tunnel; the data analysis and processing module independently performs data analysis, identifies abnormal conditions and potential problems, and generates reports and early warning information; the early warning and response module automatically generates early warning information and initiates emergency measures based on the analysis results of the data analysis and processing module. The present invention effectively prevents and reduces drainage problems caused by terrain changes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel drainage facilities, and in particular to a centralized monitoring system for tunnel drainage facilities. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, the construction and use of underground infrastructure, especially tunnels, are increasing. As an important part of urban transportation, the safe operation of tunnels is crucial to ensuring people's lives and urban transportation. However, tunnel drainage has always been one of the main challenges affecting its safety and functionality. Especially under extreme weather conditions, improper drainage treatment may lead to waterlogging, flooding disasters and even damage to the tunnel structure, causing serious socioeconomic losses and safety hazards.

[0003] Traditional tunnel drainage monitoring systems mainly rely on static monitoring schemes and manual inspections. These methods have obvious limitations in real-time performance, accuracy, and the ability to cope with changes in complex geological environments. With the development of technology, although some automated monitoring equipment has been introduced, such as water level sensors and video cameras, these devices often operate independently and lack effective data integration and analysis mechanisms, making it difficult to form a comprehensive understanding of tunnel drainage conditions and respond in a timely manner. In addition, current monitoring systems rarely take into account the impact of changes in terrain and geological structures on drainage conditions, making it difficult to adapt to areas with frequent geological activities in actual applications, and unable to effectively predict and respond to potential drainage problems caused by geological changes. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on the above objectives, the present invention provides a centralized monitoring system for tunnel drainage facilities.

[0005] A centralized monitoring system for tunnel drainage facilities, comprising a dynamic terrain adaptation module, a water level monitoring module, a video monitoring module, a data analysis and processing module, and an early warning and response module, wherein;

[0006] The dynamic terrain adaptation module uses geological radar and underground imaging technology to monitor the changes in terrain and geological structures around the tunnel. The dynamic terrain adaptation module independently analyzes terrain data and automatically adjusts monitoring strategies and drainage plans to adapt to terrain and geological activities;

[0007] The water level monitoring module collects water level information in real time through water level sensors installed at predetermined monitoring points in the tunnel. The water level monitoring module works independently and exchanges data with the dynamic terrain adaptation module to evaluate drainage needs and monitor drainage effects.

[0008] The video monitoring module realizes all-weather real-time video monitoring of the tunnel interior, providing an intuitive understanding of the tunnel drainage status and internal conditions. The video monitoring module operates independently and shares data with the water level monitoring module to assist in analysis and judgment;

[0009] The data analysis and processing module comprehensively processes the data from the dynamic terrain adaptation module, the water level monitoring module and the video monitoring module. The data analysis and processing module independently performs data analysis, identifies abnormal situations and potential problems, generates reports and warning information, and interacts with the warning and response module to provide necessary decision support;

[0010] The early warning and response module automatically generates early warning information and initiates emergency measures based on the analysis results of the data analysis and processing module, including adjusting the drainage strategy or activating the backup plan.

[0011] Furthermore, the dynamic terrain adaptation module includes:

[0012] Deployment of monitoring technology: Geological radar and underground imaging equipment are deployed around the tunnel to monitor changes in terrain and geological structures in real time, including soil erosion, rock movement, and changes in groundwater levels;

[0013] Collecting topographic data: Continuously collecting topographic and geological data around the tunnel using geological radar and underground imaging technology;

[0014] Terrain Data Analysis: The Dynamic Terrain Adaptation module processes and analyzes the collected terrain data to identify potential or actual terrain changes caused by geological activities;

[0015] Adjust monitoring strategy: Automatically adjust monitoring strategy based on analysis results, including adjusting the focus of monitoring points and changing the frequency and accuracy of data collection;

[0016] Optimize drainage scheme: Based on terrain and geological data analysis, automatically adjust the drainage scheme, including adjusting the start time, operating frequency, power of the drainage pump or re-planning the layout of the drainage pipe to adapt to the dynamic changes in terrain and geology.

[0017] Furthermore, the terrain data analysis includes:

[0018] Data preprocessing: preprocess the collected terrain data, including filtering, denoising and data normalization;

[0019] Feature extraction: Extract key terrain features from preprocessed terrain data. Key terrain features include height change rate, terrain slope, and density of underground imaging abnormal areas. The key terrain feature vector is expressed as: F = {f1, f2, ..., f n};

[0020] Change detection: Use the change vector analysis (CVA) method to measure changes. The calculation formula is:

[0021]

[0022] Among them, f t,i and f t-1,i are the current and previous values ​​of feature i respectively;

[0023] Assessment of terrain changes: The difference index DI and the change sensitivity index CSI are introduced for comprehensive assessment to determine the type of change and potential impact. The calculation formula is:

[0024] Difference Index: DI i =|f t,i -f t-1,i |;

[0025] Change Sensitivity Index:

[0026] Comprehensive change index:

[0027] Dynamic adjustment strategy: According to the evaluation results of the comprehensive change index CVA′, the dynamic terrain adaptation module automatically adjusts the monitoring strategy and drainage plan. If CVA′ exceeds the preset threshold, the configuration of the drainage facilities will be adjusted to adapt to the terrain changes.

[0028] Furthermore, the water level monitoring module includes:

[0029] Water level sensor deployment: Water level sensors are installed at multiple predetermined monitoring points in the tunnel, including the tunnel entrance area, the lowest point of the tunnel, drainage wells and drainage pipe outlets, historical water leakage points, and emergency shelters and service areas;

[0030] Real-time data collection: The water level monitoring module collects water level information of each monitoring point in real time through water level sensors, reflecting the current water level status of each key location in the tunnel;

[0031] Data exchange and integration: The water level monitoring module regularly sends the collected water level data to the dynamic terrain adaptation module, and uses the analysis results of the dynamic terrain adaptation module to optimize the monitoring strategy of the water level monitoring module;

[0032] Drainage demand assessment: Using the collected real-time water level data, the water level monitoring module independently assesses the current drainage demand and adjusts the monitoring frequency and sensitivity to respond to changes in real-time drainage conditions;

[0033] Drainage effect monitoring: Based on the terrain change information provided by the dynamic terrain adaptation module, the water level monitoring module monitors and evaluates the drainage effect.

[0034] Furthermore, the video monitoring module includes:

[0035] Video surveillance deployment: Install high-definition video cameras inside the tunnel to ensure full coverage of the main areas of the tunnel, including drainage outlets, low-lying areas, turning areas, and known water level risk points;

[0036] Real-time monitoring implementation: The video monitoring module is responsible for 24 / 7 real-time monitoring, continuously recording and transmitting the video stream inside the tunnel;

[0037] Data sharing mechanism: The video monitoring module regularly sends monitoring data to the water level monitoring module. The monitoring data includes video clips and key frame images. The water level monitoring module uses the monitoring data to verify and assist in the analysis of the water level information collected by the water level sensor.

[0038] Analysis and response: The video surveillance module identifies specific patterns in the image, including water flow dynamics, changes in flooded areas, and the movement of people or vehicles under unusual circumstances.

[0039] Furthermore, the data analysis and processing module includes:

[0040] Data collection and integration: The data analysis and processing module receives data from the dynamic terrain adaptation module, the water level monitoring module, and the video monitoring module, including terrain change data, real-time water level data, and video streams and images;

[0041] Independent Data Analysis: The data analysis processing module independently processes the collected data, including identifying patterns, trends, and potential anomalies in the data;

[0042] Anomaly and problem identification: The generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model is used to identify data points that do not meet the predetermined threshold or expectations, indicating anomalies or potential problems in tunnel drainage;

[0043] Report generation: The data analysis and processing module automatically generates a report containing the analysis results, describing the identified anomalies and problems;

[0044] Warning information formulation: Based on the analysis results, the data analysis and processing module formulates warning information. If the identified situation affects the safety or operation efficiency of the tunnel, the warning mechanism will be triggered;

[0045] Interaction with the early warning and response module: The data analysis and processing module sends the analysis results and early warning information to the early warning and response module to provide support for subsequent emergency response and decision-making.

[0046] Furthermore, the independent data analysis includes:

[0047] Data preprocessing: standardize, remove noise and deal with missing values ​​of the collected data to improve data quality;

[0048] Feature extraction: extract features from preprocessed data;

[0049] Pattern and trend identification: An exponential smoothing model is used to identify patterns and trends in the data. A dynamic smoothing parameter based on environmental variables (such as rainfall intensity) is introduced. The calculation formula is:

[0050] S t =α t y t +(1-α t )S t-1 ;

[0051] Among them, S t is the smoothed value at time t, y t is the observed value at time t (e.g., water level), S t-1 is the smoothed value at time t-1, α t is the dynamic smoothing parameter, and the calculation formula of the dynamic smoothing parameter is:

[0052]

[0053] Among them, E t is a measure of the environmental variable (e.g., rainfall intensity), and a and b are model parameters;

[0054] Anomaly detection: The local anomaly factor model is used to identify potential anomalies in the data. The local anomaly factor model introduces multi-dimensional environmental factor weighting and time decay factors to identify anomalies in tunnel drainage facilities. By dynamically adjusting the local anomaly factor model parameters, potential drainage problems are identified. The local anomaly factor model is expressed as:

[0055] The reachable distance weighted by multi-dimensional environmental factors:

[0056] Reachability-dist(p,o)=max(k-distance(o),d weighted (p,o));

[0057] Among them, d weighted (p,o) is the distance weighted by considering multidimensional environmental factors;

[0058] d weighted The calculation formula for (p,o) is:

[0059] Among them, w i is the weight of the i-th dimension environmental factor, v p,i and v o,iare the values ​​of point p and point o on the i-th dimension environmental factor, w time is the decay weight based on the time difference, w time =e -Δt ,Δt is the time stamp difference between p and o;

[0060] Calculation of local reachable density LRD and local anomaly factor LOF:

[0061]

[0062] Report and alert generation: Generate detailed analysis reports and alert information based on the results of pattern, trend and anomaly detection, pointing out potential drainage problems and risk areas.

[0063] Furthermore, the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model is used to capture the volatility characteristics of time series data (such as water level or rainfall). For tunnel drainage facilities, it identifies sudden changes in data volatility, indicating the occurrence of abnormal events. The model is expressed as:

[0064]

[0065] in, is the conditional variance at time point t (forecasted future volatility), α0 is a constant term, ∈ t-1 is the residual term at time point t-1, α1 and β1 are parameters that measure the impact of short-term fluctuations and the impact of volatility persistence, respectively;

[0066] Residual term: ∈ t =y t -μ t ;

[0067] Among them, y t is the actual observed value at time point t, μ t is the forecast value of the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model.

[0068] Furthermore, the early warning and response module includes:

[0069] Receiving analysis results: The early warning and response module regularly receives analysis results from the data analysis and processing module, including trend predictions of tunnel drainage conditions, abnormality detection results, and assessments of potential risks;

[0070] Warning information generation: Based on the received analysis results, the warning and response module evaluates the current tunnel drainage status. If potential drainage problems or risks are detected, the warning and response module will automatically generate warning information based on pre-defined rules and thresholds. The warning information includes the risk level, the affected area, and the recommended response measures;

[0071] Warning information release: Warning information is released through multiple channels, including sending SMS and email notifications to relevant managers and displaying warning signals on the monitoring interface;

[0072] Initiate emergency measures: According to the specific content and risk level of the early warning information, the early warning and response module automatically initiates pre-set emergency measures, including adjusting the operation strategy of the drainage pump, opening additional drainage channels or starting backup drainage plans. For high-risk situations, the early warning and response module will trigger the emergency response plan and coordinate relevant departments to take emergency measures;

[0073] Real-time monitoring and adjustment: During the implementation of emergency measures, the early warning and response module continues to monitor the tunnel drainage conditions and external environmental changes in real time, and adjusts the response strategy based on the latest data analysis results.

[0074] The beneficial effects of the present invention include:

[0075] The present invention improves the system's adaptability to environmental changes and the accuracy of monitoring data by integrating a dynamic terrain adaptation module, a water level monitoring module, a video monitoring module, a data analysis and processing module, and an early warning and response module. In particular, the introduction of the dynamic terrain adaptation module enables the system to monitor the changes in the terrain and geological structure around the tunnel in real time, and automatically adjust the monitoring strategy and drainage plan to adapt to the dynamic changes in terrain and geology. This adaptive capability ensures that the tunnel drainage facilities can maintain the best monitoring and management status in a complex and changeable geological environment, and effectively prevent and reduce drainage problems caused by terrain changes.

[0076] The present invention, through the early warning and response module based on the comprehensive analysis results of the data analysis and processing module, automatically generates early warning information and promptly initiates corresponding emergency measures, such as adjusting the drainage strategy or starting the backup plan. This not only greatly improves the timeliness of early warning of tunnel drainage problems, but also ensures the efficient execution of emergency response measures. Through real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment of response strategies, it can quickly respond to impending or already occurring abnormal drainage events, greatly reducing the safety hazards and economic losses that may be caused by drainage problems.

[0077] The present invention provides comprehensive data support and decision-making basis for tunnel drainage management by comprehensively utilizing data from various monitoring modules, such as terrain change data, water level information and video monitoring data. The efficient data processing capability of the data analysis and processing module can identify patterns, trends and potential abnormalities in the data, and provide a scientific basis for the optimization adjustment and long-term planning of drainage facilities. In addition, the real-time data update and analysis of the system can provide managers with the latest monitoring information and early warning prompts, helping them make more reasonable and timely decisions, thereby improving the operating efficiency and safety level of the tunnel drainage system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0078] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only for the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0079] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of system function modules according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0080] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a dynamic terrain adaptation module according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0081] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0082] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0083] like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, a centralized monitoring system for tunnel drainage facilities includes a dynamic terrain adaptation module, a water level monitoring module, a video monitoring module, a data analysis and processing module, and an early warning and response module, wherein;

[0084] The dynamic terrain adaptation module uses geological radar and underground imaging technology to monitor changes in terrain and geological structures around the tunnel. The dynamic terrain adaptation module independently analyzes terrain data and automatically adjusts monitoring strategies and drainage plans to adapt to terrain and geological activities;

[0085] The water level monitoring module collects water level information in real time through water level sensors installed at predetermined monitoring points in the tunnel. The water level monitoring module works independently and exchanges data with the dynamic terrain adaptation module to evaluate drainage needs and monitor drainage effects.

[0086] The video monitoring module realizes all-weather real-time video monitoring of the tunnel interior, providing an intuitive understanding of the tunnel drainage status and internal conditions. The video monitoring module operates independently and shares data with the water level monitoring module to assist in analysis and judgment;

[0087] The data analysis and processing module comprehensively processes the data from the dynamic terrain adaptation module, the water level monitoring module and the video monitoring module. The data analysis and processing module independently analyzes the data, identifies abnormal situations and potential problems, generates reports and warning information, and interacts with the warning and response module to provide necessary decision support;

[0088] Based on the analysis results of the data analysis and processing module, the early warning and response module automatically generates early warning information and initiates emergency measures, including adjusting drainage strategies or activating backup plans. The early warning and response module responds autonomously based on the received analysis results to ensure rapid response and efficient operation of the system;

[0089] Through the above modules, it is ensured that every link of the monitoring system, from environmental monitoring to data analysis to emergency response, can work efficiently and collaboratively, thereby improving the adaptability, response speed and accuracy of the centralized monitoring system of tunnel drainage facilities.

[0090] The dynamic terrain adaptation module includes:

[0091] Deployment of monitoring technology: Geological radar and underground imaging equipment are deployed around the tunnel to monitor changes in terrain and geological structures in real time, including soil erosion, rock movement, and changes in groundwater levels;

[0092] Collecting terrain data: Continuously collecting terrain and geological data around the tunnel through geological radar and underground imaging technology to ensure the latest terrain change information;

[0093] Terrain Data Analysis: The Dynamic Terrain Adaptation module processes and analyzes the collected terrain data to identify potential or actual terrain changes caused by geological activities;

[0094] Adjust monitoring strategy: Automatically adjust monitoring strategy based on analysis results, including adjusting the focus of monitoring points and changing the frequency and accuracy of data collection;

[0095] Optimize drainage plan: Based on terrain and geological data analysis, automatically adjust the drainage plan, including adjusting the start time, operation frequency, power of the drainage pump or re-planning the layout of the drainage pipe to adapt to the dynamic changes of terrain and geology;

[0096] The dynamic terrain adaptation module can not only effectively monitor and respond to changes in terrain and geology, but also ensure that the monitoring and management measures of tunnel drainage facilities are always kept in optimal condition, improving tunnel safety and drainage efficiency.

[0097] Terrain data analysis includes:

[0098] Data preprocessing: preprocess the collected terrain data, including filtering, denoising and data normalization, to ensure the accuracy and comparability of the data;

[0099] Feature extraction: Extract key terrain features from preprocessed terrain data. Key terrain features include height change rate, terrain slope, and density of underground imaging abnormal areas. The key terrain feature vector is expressed as: F = {f1, f2, ..., f n};

[0100] Change detection: Use the change vector analysis (CVA) method to measure changes. The calculation formula is:

[0101]

[0102] Among them, f t,i and f t-1,i are the current and previous values ​​of feature i respectively;

[0103] Assessment of terrain changes: The difference index DI and the change sensitivity index CSI are introduced for comprehensive assessment to determine the type of change and potential impact. The calculation formula is:

[0104] Difference Index: DI i =|f t,i -f t-1,i |;

[0105] Change Sensitivity Index:

[0106] Comprehensive change index:

[0107] Dynamic adjustment strategy: According to the evaluation results of the comprehensive change index CVA′, the dynamic terrain adaptation module automatically adjusts the monitoring strategy and drainage plan. If CVA′ exceeds the preset threshold, the configuration of the drainage facilities will be adjusted to adapt to the terrain changes;

[0108] In the present invention, the dynamic terrain adaptation module can effectively process and analyze terrain data through the above steps, timely identify potential or actual terrain changes caused by geological activities, and automatically adjust the monitoring and drainage strategies according to the degree and type of changes. This method improves the adaptability and responsiveness of the centralized monitoring system of tunnel drainage facilities, ensuring that tunnel safety and drainage efficiency are effectively maintained in a complex and changeable geological environment.

[0109] The water level monitoring module includes:

[0110] Water level sensor deployment: Water level sensors are installed at multiple predetermined monitoring points in the tunnel, including the tunnel entrance area, the lowest point of the tunnel, drainage wells and drainage pipe outlets, historical water leakage points, emergency shelters and service areas, to ensure that the main drainage areas and potential waterlogging risk areas of the tunnel are covered;

[0111] Real-time data collection: The water level monitoring module collects water level information of each monitoring point in real time through water level sensors, reflecting the current water level status of each key location in the tunnel;

[0112] Data exchange and integration: The water level monitoring module regularly sends the collected water level data to the dynamic terrain adaptation module, and uses the analysis results of the dynamic terrain adaptation module to optimize the monitoring strategy of the water level monitoring module;

[0113] Drainage demand assessment: Using the collected real-time water level data, the water level monitoring module independently assesses the current drainage demand and adjusts the monitoring frequency and sensitivity to respond to changes in real-time drainage conditions;

[0114] Drainage effect monitoring: Based on the terrain change information provided by the dynamic terrain adaptation module, the water level monitoring module monitors and evaluates the drainage effect, ensures the effectiveness of drainage measures, and provides adjustment guidance when conditions change;

[0115] This ensures that the monitoring system can accurately respond to water level changes inside the tunnel and integrate with data from the terrain change analysis module to achieve more effective drainage management.

[0116] The video surveillance module includes:

[0117] Video surveillance deployment: Install high-definition video cameras inside the tunnel to ensure full coverage of the main areas of the tunnel, including drainage outlets, low-lying areas, turning areas, and known water level risk points;

[0118] Real-time monitoring implementation: The video monitoring module is responsible for all-weather real-time monitoring, continuously recording and transmitting the video stream inside the tunnel, ensuring that the monitoring center can view the actual situation inside the tunnel at any time;

[0119] Data sharing mechanism: The video monitoring module regularly sends monitoring data to the water level monitoring module. The monitoring data includes video clips and key frame images. The water level monitoring module uses the monitoring data to verify and assist in the analysis of the water level information collected by the water level sensor.

[0120] Analysis and response: The video surveillance module identifies specific patterns in the image, including water flow dynamics, changes in waterlogged areas, and unusual human or vehicle activity, providing an intuitive understanding of drainage status and triggering alarms when problems are detected.

[0121] Through the above steps, the video monitoring module provides strong visual monitoring support for the centralized monitoring system of tunnel drainage facilities, enabling system managers to understand the internal conditions of the tunnel in real time and conduct comprehensive analysis and timely decision-making in combination with water level monitoring data.

[0122] The data analysis and processing modules include:

[0123] Data collection and integration: The data analysis and processing module receives data from the dynamic terrain adaptation module, the water level monitoring module, and the video monitoring module, including terrain change data, real-time water level data, and video streams and images;

[0124] Independent Data Analysis: The data analysis processing module independently processes the collected data, including identifying patterns, trends, and potential anomalies in the data;

[0125] Anomaly and problem identification: The generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model is used to identify data points that do not meet the predetermined threshold or expectations, indicating anomalies or potential problems in tunnel drainage;

[0126] Report generation: The data analysis and processing module automatically generates a report containing the analysis results, describing the identified anomalies and problems, and providing data support;

[0127] Warning information formulation: Based on the analysis results, the data analysis and processing module formulates warning information. If the identified situation affects the safety or operation efficiency of the tunnel, the warning mechanism will be triggered;

[0128] Interaction with the early warning and response module: The data analysis and processing module sends the analysis results and early warning information to the early warning and response module to provide support for subsequent emergency response and decision-making;

[0129] It ensures that the data analysis and processing module can make full use of the data from various modules in the centralized monitoring system of tunnel drainage facilities, providing a comprehensive data analysis solution to improve the monitoring and response capabilities of tunnel drainage facilities.

[0130] Independent data analysis includes:

[0131] Data preprocessing: standardize, remove noise and deal with missing values ​​of the collected data to improve data quality;

[0132] Feature extraction: extract features from preprocessed data to better reflect the essential attributes of the data;

[0133] Pattern and trend identification: An exponential smoothing model is used to identify patterns and trends in the data. Dynamic smoothing parameters based on environmental variables (such as rainfall intensity) are introduced so that the exponential smoothing model automatically adjusts its response speed according to the current environmental conditions. The calculation formula is:

[0134] S t =α t y t +(1-α t )S t-1 ;

[0135] Among them, S t is the smoothed value at time t, y t is the observed value at time t (e.g., water level), S t-1 is the smoothed value at time t-1, α t is the dynamic smoothing parameter, and the calculation formula of the dynamic smoothing parameter is:

[0136]

[0137] Among them, E t is a measure of the environmental variable (such as rainfall intensity), a and b are model parameters used to adjust the shape of the response function. This formula ensures that α t The value of is between 0 and 1, which allows the model to flexibly adjust under both fast-changing and stable conditions;

[0138] Environmental variables measurement E t The calculation of is as follows:

[0139] Suppose there are n environment variables V1, V2, ..., V n , these variables include rainfall, temperature, humidity, etc. Each variable has its weight w1,w2,…,w on the tunnel drainage system n , environment variable E t The calculation formula is:

[0140]

[0141] Among them, V t,i is the value of the i-th environment variable at time t, w i is the weight of the variable, which can be set according to the importance of each factor in affecting the drainage system;

[0142] Anomaly detection: The local anomaly factor model is used to identify potential anomalies in the data. The local anomaly factor model introduces multi-dimensional environmental factor weighting and time decay factors to identify anomalies in tunnel drainage facilities. By dynamically adjusting the local anomaly factor model parameters, potential drainage problems are identified. The local anomaly factor model is expressed as:

[0143] The reachable distance weighted by multi-dimensional environmental factors:

[0144] Reachability-dist(p,o)=max(k-distance(o),d weighted (p,o));

[0145] Among them, d weighted (p,o) is the distance weighted by considering multidimensional environmental factors;

[0146] d weighted The calculation formula for (p,o) is:

[0147] Among them, w i is the weight of the i-th dimension environmental factor, v p,i and v o,i are the values ​​of point p and point o on the i-th dimension environmental factor, w time is the decay weight based on the time difference, w time =e -Δt ,Δt is the difference in timestamps between p and o;

[0148] Calculation of local reachable density LRD and local anomaly factor LOF:

[0149]

[0150] Report and warning generation: Generate detailed analysis reports and warning information based on the results of pattern, trend and anomaly detection, pointing out potential drainage problems and risk areas;

[0151] In the centralized monitoring system of tunnel drainage facilities, the data analysis and processing module independently processes the data from the dynamic terrain adaptation module, the water level monitoring module and the video monitoring module through the above steps and algorithms. This process not only identifies the patterns and trends of the data, but also promptly discovers potential abnormalities, providing accurate data support for tunnel drainage management and emergency response. By comprehensively analyzing these data, the system can more effectively predict and respond to various situations that may affect the efficiency and safety of tunnel drainage, ensuring the stable operation of the tunnel drainage system and the safety of the tunnel.

[0152] The generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model is used to capture the volatility characteristics of time series data (such as water level or rainfall). For tunnel drainage facilities, it identifies sudden changes in data volatility, indicating the occurrence of abnormal events. The model is expressed as:

[0153]

[0154] in, is the conditional variance at time point t (forecasted future volatility), α0 is a constant term representing the long-term variance in the model, ∈ t-1 is the residual term at time point t-1, that is, the difference between the actual observed value and the predicted value. α1 and β1 are parameters that measure the impact of short-term fluctuations and the impact of volatility persistence, respectively.

[0155] Residual term: ∈ t =y t -μ t ;

[0156] Among them, y t is the actual observed value at time point t, μ t is the forecast value of the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model;

[0157] In the centralized monitoring system of tunnel drainage facilities, the GARCH model can be used to analyze the volatility of water level or rainfall time series data. By modeling the conditional variance of the data, the GARCH model can capture the dynamic changes in data volatility, which is crucial for predicting possible extreme water level changes or rainfall events in the future.

[0158] Analyzing historical rainfall data using a GARCH model can help identify increases in rainfall volatility under specific weather patterns, thereby predicting future rainfall events that may put pressure on tunnel drainage systems. By predicting this volatility, managers can make decisions in advance, such as adjusting the operation strategy of drainage pumps or deploying emergency drainage measures in advance to reduce potential waterlogging risks.

[0159] The early warning and response module includes:

[0160] Receiving analysis results: The early warning and response module regularly receives analysis results from the data analysis and processing module, including trend predictions of tunnel drainage conditions, abnormality detection results, and assessments of potential risks;

[0161] Warning information generation: Based on the received analysis results, the warning and response module evaluates the current tunnel drainage status. If potential drainage problems or risks are detected, the warning and response module will automatically generate warning information based on pre-defined rules and thresholds. The warning information includes the risk level, the affected area, and the recommended response measures;

[0162] Early warning information release: Early warning information is released through multiple channels, including sending SMS and email notifications to relevant managers and displaying early warning signals on the monitoring interface to ensure that information can be quickly conveyed to decision makers and relevant personnel;

[0163] Initiate emergency measures: According to the specific content and risk level of the early warning information, the early warning and response module automatically initiates pre-set emergency measures, including adjusting the operation strategy of the drainage pump, opening additional drainage channels or starting backup drainage plans. For high-risk situations, the early warning and response module will trigger the emergency response plan and coordinate relevant departments to take emergency measures;

[0164] Real-time monitoring and adjustment: During the implementation of emergency measures, the early warning and response module continues to monitor the tunnel drainage status and external environmental changes in real time, and adjusts the response strategy based on the latest data analysis results to ensure the effectiveness of the measures;

[0165] The centralized monitoring system for tunnel drainage facilities can achieve timely early warning and effective response to potential drainage problems. This process not only accurately predicts and identifies anomalies and risks in the drainage system based on data analysis technology, but also automatically generates early warning information and initiates response measures, greatly improving the efficiency and response speed of tunnel drainage management. In addition, the implementation of this method helps to minimize potential damage caused by drainage problems, ensure the safe operation of the tunnel, and prevent disasters, thereby providing a higher level of safety for tunnel users.

[0166] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present invention is limited to these examples. Under the concept of the present invention, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the present invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.

[0167] The present invention is intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications and variations that fall within the broad scope of the claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A centralized monitoring system for tunnel drainage facilities, characterized in that: It includes dynamic terrain adaptation module, water level monitoring module, video monitoring module, data analysis and processing module, and early warning and response module, among which; The dynamic terrain adaptation module uses geological radar and underground imaging technology to monitor the changes in terrain and geological structures around the tunnel. The dynamic terrain adaptation module independently analyzes terrain data and automatically adjusts monitoring strategies and drainage plans to adapt to terrain and geological activities; The water level monitoring module collects water level information in real time through water level sensors installed at predetermined monitoring points in the tunnel. The water level monitoring module works independently and exchanges data with the dynamic terrain adaptation module to evaluate drainage needs and monitor drainage effects. The video monitoring module realizes all-weather real-time video monitoring of the interior of the tunnel, providing an intuitive understanding of the tunnel drainage status and internal conditions. The video monitoring module operates independently and shares data with the water level monitoring module to assist in analysis and judgment; The data analysis and processing module comprehensively processes the data from the dynamic terrain adaptation module, the water level monitoring module and the video monitoring module. The data analysis and processing module independently performs data analysis, identifies abnormal situations and potential problems, generates reports and warning information, and interacts with the warning and response module to provide necessary decision support; The early warning and response module automatically generates early warning information and initiates emergency measures based on the analysis results of the data analysis and processing module, including adjusting the drainage strategy or activating the backup plan; Furthermore, the above-mentioned dynamic terrain adaptation module specifically includes: Deployment of monitoring technology: Geological radar and underground imaging equipment are deployed around the tunnel to monitor changes in terrain and geological structures in real time, including soil erosion, rock movement, and changes in groundwater levels; Collecting topographic data: Continuously collecting topographic and geological data around the tunnel using geological radar and underground imaging technology; Terrain Data Analysis: The Dynamic Terrain Adaptation module processes and analyzes the collected terrain data to identify potential or actual terrain changes caused by geological activities; Adjust monitoring strategy: Automatically adjust monitoring strategy based on analysis results, including adjusting the focus of monitoring points and changing the frequency and accuracy of data collection; Optimize drainage plan: Based on terrain and geological data analysis, automatically adjust the drainage plan, including adjusting the start time, operation frequency, power of the drainage pump or re-planning the layout of the drainage pipe to adapt to the dynamic changes of terrain and geology; The terrain data analysis includes: Data preprocessing: preprocess the collected terrain data, including filtering, denoising and data normalization; Feature extraction: Extract key terrain features from preprocessed terrain data. Key terrain features include height change rate, terrain slope, and density of underground imaging abnormal areas. The key terrain feature vector is expressed as: F = {f1, f2, ..., f n }; Change detection: Use the change vector analysis (CVA) method to measure changes. The calculation formula is: Among them, f t,i and f t-1,i are the current and previous values ​​of feature i respectively; Assessment of terrain changes: The difference index DI and the change sensitivity index CSI are introduced for comprehensive assessment to determine the type of change and potential impact. The calculation formula is: Difference Index: DI i =|f t,i -f t-1,i |; Change Sensitivity Index: Comprehensive change index: Dynamic adjustment strategy: According to the evaluation results of the comprehensive change index CVA′, the dynamic terrain adaptation module automatically adjusts the monitoring strategy and drainage plan. If CVA′ exceeds the preset threshold, the configuration of the drainage facilities will be adjusted to adapt to the terrain changes; Furthermore, the above-mentioned data analysis and processing module includes: Data collection and integration: The data analysis and processing module receives data from the dynamic terrain adaptation module, the water level monitoring module, and the video monitoring module, including terrain change data, real-time water level data, and video streams and images; Independent Data Analysis: The data analysis processing module independently processes the collected data, including identifying patterns, trends, and potential anomalies in the data; Anomaly and problem identification: The generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model is used to identify data points that do not meet the predetermined threshold or expectations, indicating anomalies or potential problems in tunnel drainage; Report generation: The data analysis and processing module automatically generates a report containing the analysis results, describing the identified anomalies and problems; Warning information formulation: Based on the analysis results, the data analysis and processing module formulates warning information. If the identified situation affects the safety or operation efficiency of the tunnel, the warning mechanism will be triggered; Interaction with the early warning and response module: The data analysis and processing module sends the analysis results and early warning information to the early warning and response module to provide support for subsequent emergency response and decision-making; The independent data analysis includes: Data preprocessing: standardize, remove noise and deal with missing values ​​of the collected data to improve data quality; Feature extraction: extract features from preprocessed data; Pattern and trend identification: An exponential smoothing model is used to identify patterns and trends in the data. A dynamic smoothing parameter based on environmental variables is introduced. The calculation formula is: S t =a t y t +(1-a t )S t-1 ; Among them, S t is the smoothed value at time t, y t is the observed value at time t, S t-1 is the smoothed value at time t-1, α t is the dynamic smoothing parameter, and the calculation formula of the dynamic smoothing parameter is: Among them, E t is a measure of the environmental variable, and a and b are model parameters; Anomaly detection: The local anomaly factor model is used to identify potential anomalies in the data. The local anomaly factor model introduces multi-dimensional environmental factor weighting and time decay factors to identify anomalies in tunnel drainage facilities. By dynamically adjusting the local anomaly factor model parameters, potential drainage problems are identified. The local anomaly factor model is expressed as: Multidimensional environmental factors weighted reachable distance: Reachability-dist(p,o)=max(k-distance(o),d weighted (p,o)); Among them, d weighted (p,o) is the distance weighted by considering multidimensional environmental factors; d weighted The calculation formula for (p,o) is: Among them, w i is the weight of the i-th dimension environmental factor, v p,i and v o,i are the values ​​of point p and point o on the i-th dimension environmental factor, w time is the decay weight based on the time difference, w time =e -Δt ,Δt is the time stamp difference between p and o; Calculation of local reachable density LRD and local anomaly factor LOF: Report and warning generation: Generate detailed analysis reports and warning information based on the results of pattern, trend and anomaly detection, pointing out potential drainage problems and risk areas; Furthermore, the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model is used to capture the volatility characteristics of time series data. For tunnel drainage facilities, it identifies sudden changes in data volatility and predicts the occurrence of abnormal events. The model is expressed as: in, is the conditional variance at time point t, α0 is a constant term, ∈ t-1 is the residual term at time point t-1, α1 and β1 are parameters that measure the impact of short-term fluctuations and the impact of volatility persistence, respectively; Residual term: ∈ t =y t -μ t ; Among them, y t is the actual observed value at time point t, μ t is the predicted value of the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model.

2. A centralized monitoring system for tunnel drainage facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water level monitoring module comprises: Water level sensor deployment: Water level sensors are installed at multiple predetermined monitoring points in the tunnel, including the tunnel entrance area, the lowest point of the tunnel, drainage wells and drainage pipe outlets, historical water leakage points, and emergency shelters and service areas; Real-time data collection: The water level monitoring module collects water level information of each monitoring point in real time through water level sensors, reflecting the current water level status of each key location in the tunnel; Data exchange and integration: The water level monitoring module regularly sends the collected water level data to the dynamic terrain adaptation module, and uses the analysis results of the dynamic terrain adaptation module to optimize the monitoring strategy of the water level monitoring module; Drainage demand assessment: Using the collected real-time water level data, the water level monitoring module independently assesses the current drainage demand and adjusts the monitoring frequency and sensitivity to respond to changes in real-time drainage conditions; Drainage effect monitoring: Based on the terrain change information provided by the dynamic terrain adaptation module, the water level monitoring module monitors and evaluates the drainage effect.

3. A centralized monitoring system for tunnel drainage facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that: The video monitoring module comprises: Video surveillance deployment: Install high-definition video cameras inside the tunnel to ensure full coverage of the main areas of the tunnel, including drainage outlets, low-lying areas, turning areas, and known water level risk points; Real-time monitoring implementation: The video monitoring module is responsible for 24 / 7 real-time monitoring, continuously recording and transmitting the video stream inside the tunnel; Data sharing mechanism: The video monitoring module regularly sends monitoring data to the water level monitoring module. The monitoring data includes video clips and key frame images. The water level monitoring module uses the monitoring data to verify and assist in the analysis of the water level information collected by the water level sensor. Analysis and response: The video surveillance module identifies specific patterns in the image, including water flow dynamics, changes in flooded areas, and the movement of people or vehicles under unusual circumstances.

4. A centralized monitoring system for tunnel drainage facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that: The early warning and response module includes: Receiving analysis results: The early warning and response module regularly receives analysis results from the data analysis and processing module, including trend predictions of tunnel drainage conditions, abnormality detection results, and assessments of potential risks; Warning information generation: Based on the received analysis results, the warning and response module evaluates the current tunnel drainage status. If potential drainage problems or risks are detected, the warning and response module will automatically generate warning information based on pre-defined rules and thresholds. The warning information includes the risk level, the affected area, and the recommended response measures; Warning information release: Warning information is released through multiple channels, including sending SMS and email notifications to relevant managers and displaying warning signals on the monitoring interface; Initiate emergency measures: According to the specific content and risk level of the early warning information, the early warning and response module automatically initiates pre-set emergency measures, including adjusting the operation strategy of the drainage pump, opening additional drainage channels or starting backup drainage plans. For high-risk situations, the early warning and response module will trigger the emergency response plan and coordinate relevant departments to take emergency measures; Real-time monitoring and adjustment: During the implementation of emergency measures, the early warning and response module continues to monitor the tunnel drainage conditions and external environmental changes in real time, and adjusts the response strategy based on the latest data analysis results.

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