The invention provides a graphene-silicon-based composite negative electrode material for a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps:step 1, ball milling nano silicon, graphene and graphite to obtain a uniformly-mixed material 1; step 2, adding the material 1 and organic matter carbon source into an organic solvent, stirring, uniformly dispersing, heating to 70 to 90 DEG C, stirring until the organic solvent is dried, drying, and obtaining a material 2; and step 3, granulating the obtained material 2, heating to 150 to 300 DEGC, keeping the temperature constant, after the organic matter carbon source is completely molten, heating to 700 to 950 DEG C, carbonizing at a high temperature, and obtaining an organic matter pyrolytic carbon-coated graphene-silicon-based composite negative electrode material. The graphene-silicon-based composite negative electrode material is prepared from graphene, and the graphne is good in mechanical performance and flexibility, so that the deformation stress of silicon can be alleviated, and the excellent conductivity and heat conductivity can accelerate the electron transfer and heat dissipation.