A method, device and electronic equipment for processing seismic data

Abstract

The present invention provides a seismic data processing method, device and electronic equipment, which relates to the technical field of seismic data processing, including: obtaining a first seismic refraction wave data set excited by a reference shot point and received by all seismic channels; attenuating the negative side lobes in the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic channel to obtain the reference seismic refraction wave data, and then combining the first seismic refraction wave data of the remaining seismic channels to construct a virtual refraction channel set of the reference seismic channel, and then combining it with the second seismic refraction wave data excited by a target shot point and received by the reference seismic channel to reconstruct a super virtual refraction channel set of the target shot point. The method only attenuates the negative side lobes of the seismic refraction wave, so that it can suppress the energy of the positive side lobes induced by the negative side lobes, and protect the width and energy of the positive main lobe, thereby ensuring the maximum signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the seismic refraction wave, and reducing the sensitivity to the selection of seismic wave frequency, and having a stronger generalization ability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of seismic data processing, and in particular to a seismic data processing method, device and electronic equipment. Background Art

[0002] Seismic interferometry technology has been widely used in refraction signal enhancement, seismic wave denoising, seismic data interpolation, etc. However, after using seismic interferometry technology to process seismic data, two positive side lobes will be generated on both sides of the main lobe of the original sub-wave, and false event axes will be formed on both sides of the real event axis, reducing the resolution of seismic data.

[0003] To solve the above problems, An Shengpei et al. (2015) proposed to shape the wavelet by adding rectangular windows and Kaiser windows on both sides of the wavelet. Because adding rectangular windows on both sides of the seismic wave will cause sharp mutations after the wavelet is shaped, making the seismic wave not smooth, it is necessary to smooth the seismic wavelet in combination with the Kaiser window. Although the windowing operation can suppress the generation of positive side lobes. However, the above windowing method is sensitive to the wavelet frequency. When the seismic wave frequency is different, it is necessary to design time windows of different lengths to better suppress the side lobes, and the generalization ability is poor. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a seismic data processing method, device and electronic equipment to reduce the sensitivity of existing seismic interference technology to seismic wave frequency selection and improve the generalization ability of the seismic data processing method.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a seismic data processing method, comprising: obtaining a first seismic refraction wave data set consisting of first seismic refraction wave data excited by a reference shot point and received by all seismic channels, and obtaining second seismic refraction wave data excited by a target shot point and received by the reference seismic channel; wherein the reference shot point and the target shot point are shot points on the same survey line; the reference seismic channel represents any seismic channel among all the seismic channels; performing attenuation processing on negative side lobes in the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic channel to obtain reference seismic refraction wave data; constructing a virtual refraction channel set of the reference seismic channel based on the reference seismic refraction wave data and the first seismic refraction wave data of the remaining seismic channels; reconstructing a super virtual refraction channel set of the target shot point based on the second seismic refraction wave data and the virtual refraction channel set of the reference seismic channel; wherein the super virtual refraction channel set represents the result of shaping the seismic refraction wave data excited by the target shot point.

[0006] In an optional embodiment, negative side lobes in the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic trace are attenuated to obtain reference seismic refraction wave data, including: identifying negative side lobes from the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic trace based on the amplitude of the seismic refraction wave; attenuating the negative side lobes using a preset attenuation function to obtain attenuated negative side lobes; and updating the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic trace using the attenuated negative side lobes to obtain the reference seismic refraction wave data.

[0007] In an optional embodiment, based on the reference seismic refraction wave data and the first seismic refraction wave data of the remaining seismic traces, a virtual refraction trace set of the reference seismic trace is constructed, including: performing cross-correlation calculation on the reference seismic refraction wave data and the first seismic refraction wave data of the target seismic trace to obtain a target cross-correlation calculation result; wherein the target seismic trace represents any seismic trace among the remaining seismic traces; integrating the target cross-correlation calculation result on a closed surface formed by the reference shot point to obtain a first target integration result; determining target virtual refraction data based on the first target integration result; wherein the target virtual refraction data represents the virtual refraction data propagated between the reference seismic trace and the target seismic trace when the reference seismic trace is a virtual shot point; based on the set of virtual refraction data propagated between the reference seismic trace and the remaining seismic traces, the virtual refraction trace set of the reference seismic trace is determined.

[0008] In an optional embodiment, based on the second seismic refraction wave data and the virtual refraction trace set of the reference seismic trace, a super virtual refraction trace set of the target shot point is reconstructed, including: performing convolution calculation on the target virtual refraction data and the second seismic refraction wave data to obtain a target convolution result; integrating the target convolution result on a closed surface formed by the detection points corresponding to the reference seismic trace to obtain a second target integration result; determining target super virtual refraction data based on the second target integration result; wherein the target super virtual refraction data represents the distance seismic refraction wave data received by the target seismic trace when the target shot point is the epicenter; based on the set of seismic refraction wave data received by all seismic traces when the target shot point is the epicenter, the super virtual refraction trace set of the target shot point is determined.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, the reference seismic refraction wave data is determined by the following formula: ;in, Represents the reference shot point Excitation, reference seismic trace The first seismic refraction wave data received, represents a two-dimensional matrix for intercepting negative side lobes from the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic trace, represents the preset attenuation function, represents the reference seismic refraction wave data.

[0010] In an optional implementation, the target virtual refraction data is determined by the following formula: ;in, , represents the average wave number, represents the frequency of seismic waves, represents the wave speed, represents the reference seismic refraction wave data, represents the reference seismic trace, represents the reference shot point, represents the cross-correlation calculation, Indicates the target seismic trace The first seismic refraction wave data, represents the imaginary part, represents the target virtual refraction data, and the real part of the target virtual refraction data is 0.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the target super-virtual refraction data is determined by the following formula: ;in, represents the imaginary part, represents the second seismic refraction wave data, represents the target shot point, Represents the target super-virtual refraction data.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a seismic data processing device, comprising: an acquisition module, used to acquire a first seismic refraction wave data set composed of first seismic refraction wave data received by all seismic channels excited by a reference shot point, and to acquire second seismic refraction wave data received by a reference seismic channel excited by a target shot point; wherein the reference shot point and the target shot point are shot points on the same survey line; and the reference seismic channel represents any seismic channel among all the seismic channels; an attenuation module, used to attenuate negative side lobes in the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic channel to obtain reference seismic refraction wave data; a construction module, used to construct a virtual refraction channel set of the reference seismic channel based on the reference seismic refraction wave data and the first seismic refraction wave data of the remaining seismic channels; and a reconstruction module, used to reconstruct a super virtual refraction channel set of the target shot point based on the second seismic refraction wave data and the virtual refraction channel set of the reference seismic channel; wherein the super virtual refraction channel set represents the result of shaping the seismic refraction wave data excited by the target shot point.

[0013] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program executable on the processor, and when the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the seismic data processing method described in any one of the aforementioned embodiments are implemented.

[0014] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are executed by a processor, the seismic data processing method described in any one of the aforementioned embodiments is implemented.

[0015] The present invention provides a seismic data processing method. After obtaining a first seismic refraction wave data set excited by a reference shot point and received by all seismic channels, the negative side lobes in the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic channel are firstly attenuated to obtain the reference seismic refraction wave data. Then, based on the reference seismic refraction wave data and the first seismic refraction wave data of the remaining seismic channels, a virtual refraction channel set of the reference seismic channel is constructed. Finally, based on the second seismic refraction wave data excited by a target shot point and received by the reference seismic channel and the virtual refraction channel set of the reference seismic channel, a super virtual refraction channel set of the target shot point is reconstructed. Since the method only shapes the negative side lobes of the seismic refraction waves, it can effectively reduce the energy and similarity of the negative side lobes, suppress the energy of the positive side lobes induced by the negative side lobes, and protect the width and energy of the positive main lobe, thereby ensuring the maximum signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the seismic refraction waves. Practice has proved that the method can also effectively reduce the sensitivity to the selection of seismic wave frequencies, and has a stronger generalization ability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 A flowchart of a seismic data processing method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of constructing a virtual refraction gather of reference seismic traces provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a super-virtual refraction gather for reconstructing a target shot point provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the parameter settings of different seismic data shaping methods changing with frequency;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram for comparing the results of different seismic refraction wave shaping methods;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram comparing the single-channel results of different seismic refraction wave shaping methods;

[0023] Figure 7 A functional module diagram of a seismic data processing device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0026] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Some embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0028] Embodiment 1

[0029] Figure 1 A flowchart of a seismic data processing method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0030] Step S102, obtaining a first seismic refraction wave data set consisting of first seismic refraction wave data received by all seismic traces upon excitation by a reference shot point, and obtaining second seismic refraction wave data received by a reference seismic trace upon excitation by a target shot point.

[0031] In an embodiment of the present invention, in order to shape the seismic refraction wave data excited by the target shot point, on the one hand, it is necessary to obtain the first seismic refraction wave data excited by the reference shot point on the same survey line as the target shot point and received by all seismic channels, and on the other hand, it is also necessary to obtain the second seismic refraction wave data excited by the target shot point and received by the reference seismic channel, wherein the reference shot point and the target shot point are shot points on the same survey line; the reference seismic channel represents any seismic channel among all seismic channels.

[0032] Step S104, performing attenuation processing on the negative side lobes in the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic trace to obtain reference seismic refraction wave data.

[0033] Specifically, after obtaining the first seismic refraction wave data set, firstly extract the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic track from the first seismic refraction wave data set, and then perform attenuation processing on its negative side lobes, that is, reduce the energy of its negative side lobes, thereby reducing the similarity between the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic track and the first seismic refraction wave data of the remaining seismic tracks. After performing attenuation processing on the negative side lobes in the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic track, the reference seismic refraction wave data is obtained. Since step S104 only attenuates the negative side lobes, this operation can effectively suppress the negative side lobes while ensuring that the main lobe is not affected and retaining the original phase information, thereby maximizing the width and energy of the main lobe of the seismic wave.

[0034] Step S106, constructing a virtual refraction gather of the reference seismic trace based on the reference seismic refraction wave data and the first seismic refraction wave data of the remaining seismic traces.

[0035] Specifically, Figure 2 A schematic diagram of constructing a virtual refraction gather of a reference seismic trace provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 middle, represents the reference shot point, represents the reference seismic trace, Represents any seismic channel in the remaining seismic channels. It is known that after the reference shot point is excited, there is a common path between the first seismic refraction wave data received by the reference seismic channel and the first seismic refraction wave data received by other seismic channels. Therefore, if a cross-correlation calculation is performed, the propagation time of the refraction wave on the common path can be offset, so that a virtual refraction channel set of the reference seismic channel can be constructed. The virtual refraction channel set represents the set of virtual refraction data propagated between the virtual shot point and other seismic channels when the detection point corresponding to the reference seismic channel is the virtual shot point. In other words, this step is equivalent to placing the shot point on the detection point (virtual shot point) corresponding to the reference seismic channel, and generating seismic refraction wave data equivalent to the excitation of the virtual shot point and received by the remaining seismic channels. At this time, the propagation path becomes shorter and the offset distance of the seismic data becomes shorter.

[0036] Step S108, reconstructing the super virtual refraction gathers of the target shot point based on the second seismic refraction wave data and the virtual refraction gathers of the reference seismic trace.

[0037] Specifically, Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a super-virtual refraction gather for reconstructing a target shot point provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 middle, Represents the target shot point. It is known that the second seismic refraction wave data excited by the target shot point and received by the reference seismic trace, and the virtual refraction gather of the reference seismic trace has been constructed. Therefore, by convolving the second seismic refraction wave data with the virtual refraction data in the virtual refraction gather, the propagation path of the seismic wave can be changed, and the original offset of the seismic data can be restored, thereby reconstructing the super virtual refraction gather of the target shot point. Among them, the super virtual refraction gather represents the result of shaping the seismic refraction wave data excited by the target shot point.

[0038] Among them, convolution makes the propagation path of seismic waves extend or shorten, which depends on the position of the reference seismic trace. If the reference seismic trace is the seismic trace closest to the reference shot point, then constructing a super-virtual refraction trace gather is equivalent to extending the propagation path of seismic waves; if the reference seismic trace is the seismic trace farthest from the reference shot point, then constructing a super-virtual refraction trace gather is equivalent to shortening the propagation path of seismic waves; if the reference seismic trace is neither the seismic trace closest to the reference shot point nor the seismic trace farthest from the reference shot point, then when constructing a super-virtual refraction trace gather, part of the seismic wave propagation path is extended, and part of the seismic wave propagation path is shortened. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The reference seismic trace in is the seismic trace closest to the reference shot point.

[0039] The embodiment of the present invention provides a seismic data processing method. After obtaining a first seismic refraction wave data set excited by a reference shot point and received by all seismic channels, the negative side lobes in the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic channel are first attenuated to obtain reference seismic refraction wave data. Then, based on the reference seismic refraction wave data and the first seismic refraction wave data of the remaining seismic channels, a virtual refraction channel set of the reference seismic channel is constructed. Finally, based on the second seismic refraction wave data excited by a target shot point and received by the reference seismic channel and the virtual refraction channel set of the reference seismic channel, a super virtual refraction channel set of the target shot point is reconstructed. Since the method only shapes the negative side lobes of the seismic refraction waves, it can effectively reduce the energy and similarity of the negative side lobes, suppress the energy of the positive side lobes induced by the negative side lobes, and protect the width and energy of the positive main lobe, thereby ensuring the maximum signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the seismic refraction waves. Practice has proved that the method can also effectively reduce the sensitivity to the selection of seismic wave frequencies, and has a stronger generalization ability.

[0040] In an optional implementation, the above step S104, performing attenuation processing on the negative side lobes in the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic trace to obtain the reference seismic refraction wave data, specifically includes the following steps:

[0041] Step S1041, identifying negative side lobes from the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic trace based on the amplitude of the seismic refraction wave. The negative side lobe is also a side lobe with a negative amplitude.

[0042] Step S1042, using a preset attenuation function to attenuate the negative side lobe to obtain an attenuated negative side lobe.

[0043] Step S1043, using the attenuated negative sidelobe to update the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic trace to obtain reference seismic refraction wave data.

[0044] Based on the above description, in an optional implementation manner, the reference seismic refraction wave data is determined by the following formula: ;in, Represents the reference shot point Excitation, reference seismic trace The first seismic refraction wave data received, It represents a two-dimensional matrix used to intercept the negative sidelobe from the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic trace. The values ​​in the matrix are all 1. Represents the preset attenuation function, which is For two-dimensional matrices of the same size, the values ​​in the matrix are attenuation factors less than 1. Represents reference seismic refraction wave data.

[0045] In an optional implementation, the above step S106, based on the reference seismic refraction wave data and the first seismic refraction wave data of the remaining seismic traces, constructs a virtual refraction trace gather of the reference seismic trace, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0046] Step S1061, performing cross-correlation calculation on the reference seismic refraction wave data and the first seismic refraction wave data of the target seismic trace to obtain a target cross-correlation calculation result; wherein the target seismic trace represents any seismic trace among the remaining seismic traces.

[0047] Step S1062, integrating the target cross-correlation calculation result on the closed surface formed by the reference shot points to obtain a first target integration result.

[0048] Step S1063, determining target virtual refraction data based on the first target integration result; wherein the target virtual refraction data represents virtual refraction data propagated between the reference seismic trace and the target seismic trace when the reference seismic trace is used as a virtual shot point.

[0049] Step S1064, determining a virtual refraction trace gather of the reference seismic trace based on a collection of virtual refraction data propagated between the reference seismic trace and the remaining seismic traces.

[0050] Based on the above description, in an optional implementation manner, the target virtual refraction data is determined by the following formula: ;in, , represents the average wave number, represents the frequency of seismic waves, represents the wave speed, represents the reference seismic refraction wave data, represents the reference seismic trace, represents the reference shot point, represents the cross-correlation calculation, Indicates the target seismic trace The first seismic refraction wave data, represents the imaginary part, Represents the target virtual refraction data, and the real part of the target virtual refraction data is 0.

[0051] In an optional implementation, the above step S108, based on the second seismic refraction wave data and the virtual refraction gathers of the reference seismic trace, reconstructing the super virtual refraction gathers of the target shot point, specifically comprises the following steps:

[0052] Step S1081, performing convolution calculation on the target virtual refraction data and the second seismic refraction wave data to obtain a target convolution result.

[0053] Step S1082, integrating the target convolution result on the closed surface formed by the detection points corresponding to the reference seismic trace to obtain a second target integration result.

[0054] Step S1083, determining target super-imaginary refraction data based on the second target integration result; wherein the target super-imaginary refraction data represents the seismic refraction wave data received by the target seismic trace when the target shot point is used as the seismic source.

[0055] Step S1084, based on the set of seismic refraction wave data received by all seismic traces when the target shot point is used as the earthquake source, determine the super virtual refraction trace gather of the target shot point.

[0056] Based on the above description, in an optional implementation manner, the target super-virtual refraction data is determined by the following formula: ;in, represents the imaginary part, represents the second seismic refraction wave data, represents the target shot point, Represents the target super-virtual refraction data, that is, the target shot point Excitation, target seismic trace Received seismic refraction wave data. According to the above introduction, step S108 is essentially to convolve the virtual refraction gathers back to the target shot point based on the convolution calculation to generate super virtual refraction gathers.

[0057] In order to verify the performance of the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the shaping of seismic waves of different frequencies is simulated, and the sensitivity of the method of adding a window function and the method of adding an attenuation function (the present invention) to the frequency when the best shaping effect is achieved. The comparison shows the advantage of the method of the present invention that it is insensitive to the main frequency of the seismic wave. Figure 4 The following is a schematic diagram showing the change of parameter settings of different seismic data shaping methods with frequency. It is known that the choice of time window width has a direct impact on the sidelobe suppression effect. The appropriate time window width should be able to effectively suppress the side lobes and ensure that the main lobe waveform is not affected, retaining the original phase information. The optimal time window width is defined as the critical time window width that makes the ratio of the side lobe peak to the main lobe peak <0.01. The effect of suppressing the side lobes using different cut-off time window widths under different main lobe widths is studied through numerical simulation. Figure 4 The (a) view is the relationship curve between the ratio of the side lobe peak value to the main lobe peak value at different frequencies and the shaping time window width. Figure 4 View (b) shows the attenuation process of the sidelobe peak corresponding to view (a). Figure 4 View (a) shows that as the time window width decreases, the sidelobe peak first increases slightly, then decreases sharply, and when the optimal time window width is reached, the positive sidelobe can be completely suppressed. In view of the above-mentioned defects, in order to reduce the sensitivity of the shaping algorithm to the main frequency of the seismic refraction wave, the implementation example of the present invention proposes a method for shaping the negative sidelobe based on an attenuation function. The attenuation is only for the negative sidelobe, and the main lobe energy and shape are not affected by the attenuation factor. As the attenuation factor decreases, the sidelobe is gradually suppressed. Moreover, compared with the windowing method, the method of the present invention will not cause a sudden change in the waveform, and can smoothly attenuate the negative sidelobe while ensuring that the main lobe width is not affected. Figure 4 View (c) analyzes the optimal attenuation factor corresponding to seismic refraction waves of different frequencies. It can be seen that for a specific type of seismic wave, the attenuation factor is not affected by the main frequency of the seismic wave and has a wider range of applicability.

[0058] Furthermore, the effectiveness of the method of the present invention is demonstrated through simulation data. Figure 5 The following is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of the results of different seismic refraction wave shaping methods. Figure 5 As shown, the effects of the above-mentioned windowed seismic refraction wave shaping method and the attenuated seismic refraction wave shaping method are compared on noisy simulated data. Figure 5 The (a) view is the original seismic refraction wave data. Figure 5The (b) view shows the refraction wave data after the noise is suppressed by the traditional super-virtual refraction interferometry. Due to the correlation and convolution calculation, obvious false signals appear on both sides of the seismic signal, which can easily lead to incorrect first arrival picking results. Figure 5 The (c) view is a schematic diagram of the result after processing the original seismic refraction wave data based on the windowed seismic refraction wave shaping method. Figure 5 The (d) view is a schematic diagram of the result of processing the original seismic refraction wave data based on the attenuation-based seismic refraction wave shaping method. The super-virtual refraction interferometry method can effectively suppress noise, improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the original data, and strengthen the refraction wave signal. Figure 5 From the comparison of view (b), it can be seen that the above two methods attenuate the negative side lobes of the seismic refraction waves, reduce the energy and similarity of the negative side lobes, and thus effectively suppress the generation of positive side lobes, reduce the degree of deformation of the seismic refraction waves, and ensure that the enhanced refraction signals maintain a high resolution.

[0059] In order to more clearly compare the seismic refraction wave data enhanced by different types of seismic refraction wave shaping methods, extract Figure 5 Analyze the single channel results in . Figure 6 As shown, the dotted and solid lines represent the original seismic refraction wave data, and the negative side lobes of the seismic refraction waves have a strong similarity. The dotted line represents the result of the traditional super-virtual refraction interference method for seismic refraction wave shaping. The seismic refraction wave is significantly deformed, and a very strong energy side lobe is generated, forming a false phase axis. The dotted line and the solid line are the results of the windowing type and coefficient attenuation type seismic refraction wave shaping methods, respectively. The attenuated seismic refraction wave effectively reduces the energy of the negative side lobe, and the side lobe energy on both sides of the main lobe of the reconstructed seismic refraction wave is significantly reduced, ensuring the resolution of the enhanced seismic refraction wave data. The seismic refraction wave processed by the method of the present invention better retains the shape of the original seismic refraction wave, and the peak value and width of the main lobe are not affected.

[0060] In summary, the embodiment of the present invention proposes a method for shaping seismic refraction wave data by using an attenuation function to attenuate the energy of the negative side lobes and reduce the similarity of the negative side lobes. The attenuation function is only for the negative side lobe, and the main lobe energy morphology is not affected by the attenuation coefficient. As the attenuation factor decreases, the side lobes are gradually suppressed. Compared with the windowing method, this method will not cause sudden changes in the waveform, and can smoothly attenuate the negative side lobes while ensuring that the main lobe width is not affected.

[0061] The embodiment of the present invention realizes subtraction and addition calculation of seismic wave propagation travel time through cross-correlation and convolution calculation, can reconstruct seismic refraction wave data, suppress the noise existing in the original data, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic refraction wave. By shaping the negative side lobe of the seismic wave based on the attenuation function, the energy of the seismic wave side lobe after cross-correlation and convolution calculation can be reduced, the energy of the false phase axis can be weakened, and the resolution of the seismic data can be guaranteed.

[0062] Embodiment 2

[0063] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a seismic data processing device, which is mainly used to execute the seismic data processing method provided in the above-mentioned embodiment 1. The seismic data processing device provided in the embodiment of the present invention is specifically introduced below.

[0064] Figure 7 A functional module diagram of a seismic data processing device provided by an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 7 As shown, the device mainly includes: an acquisition module 10, an attenuation module 20, a construction module 30, and a reconstruction module 40, wherein:

[0065] The acquisition module 10 is used to acquire a first seismic refraction wave data set consisting of first seismic refraction wave data excited by a reference shot point and received by all seismic channels, and to acquire second seismic refraction wave data excited by a target shot point and received by a reference seismic channel; wherein the reference shot point and the target shot point are shot points on the same survey line; and the reference seismic channel represents any seismic channel among all seismic channels.

[0066] The attenuation module 20 is used to perform attenuation processing on the negative side lobes in the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic trace to obtain reference seismic refraction wave data.

[0067] The construction module 30 is used to construct a virtual refraction trace gather of the reference seismic trace based on the reference seismic refraction wave data and the first seismic refraction wave data of the remaining seismic traces.

[0068] The reconstruction module 40 is used to reconstruct the super virtual refraction gather of the target shot point based on the second seismic refraction wave data and the virtual refraction gather of the reference seismic trace; wherein the super virtual refraction gather represents the result of shaping the seismic refraction wave data excited by the target shot point.

[0069] The embodiment of the present invention provides a seismic data processing device. After obtaining the first seismic refraction wave data set excited by the reference shot point and received by all seismic channels, the device first performs attenuation processing on the negative side lobes in the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic channel to obtain the reference seismic refraction wave data, then constructs the virtual refraction channel set of the reference seismic channel based on the reference seismic refraction wave data and the first seismic refraction wave data of the remaining seismic channels, and finally reconstructs the super virtual refraction channel set of the target shot point based on the second seismic refraction wave data excited by the target shot point and received by the reference seismic channel and the virtual refraction channel set of the reference seismic channel. Since the device only shapes the negative side lobes of the seismic refraction waves, it can effectively reduce the energy and similarity of the negative side lobes, suppress the energy of the positive side lobes induced by the negative side lobes, and protect the width and energy of the positive main lobe, thereby ensuring the maximum signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the seismic refraction waves. In addition, practice has proved that the device can also effectively reduce the sensitivity to the selection of seismic wave frequencies, and has a stronger generalization ability.

[0070] Optionally, the attenuation module 20 is specifically used for:

[0071] A negative side lobe is identified from the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic trace based on the amplitude of the seismic refraction wave.

[0072] The negative side lobe is attenuated using a preset attenuation function to obtain an attenuated negative side lobe.

[0073] The attenuated negative sidelobe is used to update the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic trace to obtain the reference seismic refraction wave data.

[0074] Optionally, the building module 30 is specifically used for:

[0075] A cross-correlation calculation is performed on the reference seismic refraction wave data and the first seismic refraction wave data of the target seismic trace to obtain a target cross-correlation calculation result; wherein the target seismic trace represents any seismic trace among the remaining seismic traces.

[0076] The target cross-correlation calculation results are integrated on the closed surface formed by the reference shot points to obtain the first target integration result.

[0077] The target virtual refraction data is determined based on the first target integration result; wherein the target virtual refraction data represents the virtual refraction data propagated between the reference seismic trace and the target seismic trace when the reference seismic trace is used as a virtual shot point.

[0078] Based on the set of virtual refraction data propagated between the reference seismic trace and the remaining seismic traces, a virtual refraction trace gather of the reference seismic trace is determined.

[0079] Optionally, the reconstruction module 40 is specifically used for:

[0080] The target virtual refraction data and the second seismic refraction wave data are convoluted to obtain a target convolution result.

[0081] The target convolution result is integrated on a closed surface formed by detection points corresponding to the reference seismic trace to obtain a second target integration result.

[0082] The target super-imaginary refraction data is determined based on the second target integration result; wherein the target super-imaginary refraction data represents the distance seismic refraction wave data received by the target seismic trace when the target shot point is used as the seismic source.

[0083] Based on the collection of seismic refraction wave data received by all seismic channels when the target shot point is used as the earthquake source, the super virtual refraction gather of the target shot point is determined.

[0084] Optionally, the reference seismic refraction wave data is determined by the following formula: ;in, Represents the reference shot point Excitation, reference seismic trace The first seismic refraction wave data received, represents a two-dimensional matrix for cutting the negative side lobe from the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic trace, represents the preset attenuation function, Represents reference seismic refraction wave data.

[0085] Optionally, the target virtual refraction data is determined by the following formula: ;in, , represents the average wave number, represents the frequency of seismic waves, represents the wave speed, represents the reference seismic refraction wave data, represents the reference seismic trace, represents the reference shot point, represents the cross-correlation calculation, Indicates the target seismic trace The first seismic refraction wave data, represents the imaginary part, Represents the target virtual refraction data, and the real part of the target virtual refraction data is 0.

[0086] Optionally, the target super-virtual refraction data is determined by the following formula: ;in, represents the imaginary part, represents the second seismic refraction wave data, represents the target shot point, Represents the target super-virtual refraction data.

[0087] Embodiment 3

[0088] See also Figure 8 An embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, which includes: a processor 60, a memory 61, a bus 62 and a communication interface 63, wherein the processor 60, the communication interface 63 and the memory 61 are connected via the bus 62; the processor 60 is used to execute an executable module stored in the memory 61, such as a computer program.

[0089] The memory 61 may include a high-speed random access memory (RAM), and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk memory. The communication connection between the system network element and at least one other network element is realized through at least one communication interface 63 (which may be wired or wireless), and the Internet, wide area network, local area network, metropolitan area network, etc. may be used.

[0090] The bus 62 may be an ISA bus, a PCI bus, or an EISA bus, etc. The bus may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 8 Only one bidirectional arrow is used in the diagram, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or only one type of bus.

[0091] Among them, the memory 61 is used to store programs, and the processor 60 executes the program after receiving the execution instruction. The method executed by the device defined by the process disclosed in any embodiment of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the processor 60 or implemented by the processor 60.

[0092] The processor 60 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the above method can be completed by the hardware integrated logic circuit or software instructions in the processor 60. The above processor 60 can be a general-purpose processor, including a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), etc.; it can also be a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components. The methods, steps and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented or executed. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or the processor can also be any conventional processor. The steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention can be directly embodied as a hardware decoding processor to be executed, or the hardware and software modules in the decoding processor can be executed. The software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the field such as a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory or an electrically erasable programmable memory, a register, etc. The storage medium is located in the memory 61, and the processor 60 reads the information in the memory 61 and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.

[0093] A computer program product of a seismic data processing method, device and electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes a computer-readable storage medium storing a non-volatile program code executable by a processor. The instructions included in the program code can be used to execute the method described in the previous method embodiment. The specific implementation can be found in the method embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0094] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0095] If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium that can be executed by a processor. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or optical disk, etc., various media that can store program codes.

[0096] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0097] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the positions or positional relationships in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0098] In addition, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging" and the like do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0099] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0100] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for processing seismic data, characterized in that: include: Acquire a first seismic refraction wave data set consisting of first seismic refraction wave data excited by a reference shot point and received by all seismic channels, and acquire second seismic refraction wave data excited by a target shot point and received by the reference seismic channel; wherein the reference shot point and the target shot point are shot points on the same survey line; and the reference seismic channel represents any seismic channel among all the seismic channels; Performing attenuation processing on the negative side lobes in the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic trace to obtain reference seismic refraction wave data; Constructing a virtual refraction trace gather of the reference seismic trace based on the reference seismic refraction wave data and the first seismic refraction wave data of the remaining seismic traces; Reconstructing the super virtual refraction gather of the target shot point based on the second seismic refraction wave data and the virtual refraction gather of the reference seismic trace; wherein the super virtual refraction gather represents the result of shaping the seismic refraction wave data excited by the target shot point; The attenuation processing is performed on the negative side lobes in the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic trace to obtain the reference seismic refraction wave data, including: Identifying a negative side lobe from the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic trace based on the amplitude of the seismic refraction wave; Performing attenuation processing on the negative side lobe using a preset attenuation function to obtain an attenuated negative side lobe; Using the attenuated negative sidelobe to update the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic trace, to obtain the reference seismic refraction wave data; The reference seismic refraction wave data is determined by the following formula: α (R i |S i )=G(R i |S i )·W·α; where G(R i |S i ) represents the reference shot point S i Excitation, reference seismic trace R i The received first seismic refraction wave data, W represents a two-dimensional matrix for intercepting negative side lobes from the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic trace, α represents a preset attenuation function, G α (R i |S i ) represents the reference seismic refraction wave data.

2. The seismic data processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the reference seismic refraction wave data and the first seismic refraction wave data of the remaining seismic traces, constructing a virtual refraction trace gather of the reference seismic trace, comprising: Performing cross-correlation calculation on the reference seismic refraction wave data and the first seismic refraction wave data of the target seismic trace to obtain a target cross-correlation calculation result; wherein the target seismic trace represents any seismic trace among the remaining seismic traces; Integrating the target cross-correlation calculation result on a closed surface formed by the reference shot points to obtain a first target integration result; Determine target virtual refraction data based on the first target integration result; wherein the target virtual refraction data represents virtual refraction data propagated between the reference seismic trace and the target seismic trace when the reference seismic trace is used as a virtual shot point; Based on the set of virtual refraction data propagated between the reference seismic trace and the remaining seismic traces, a virtual refraction trace gather of the reference seismic trace is determined.

3. The seismic data processing method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Reconstructing the super virtual refraction gather of the target shot point based on the second seismic refraction wave data and the virtual refraction gather of the reference seismic trace, comprising: Performing convolution calculation on the target virtual refraction data and the second seismic refraction wave data to obtain a target convolution result; Integrating the target convolution result on a closed surface formed by detection points corresponding to the reference seismic trace to obtain a second target integration result; Determine target super-imaginary refraction data based on the second target integration result; wherein the target super-imaginary refraction data represents seismic refraction wave data received by the target seismic trace when the target shot point is used as the seismic source; Based on the set of seismic refraction wave data received by all seismic traces when the target shot point is used as the earthquake source, the super virtual refraction trace gather of the target shot point is determined.

4. The seismic data processing method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The target virtual refraction data is determined by the following formula: Where k = w / v, k represents the average wave number, w represents the frequency of seismic waves, v represents the wave velocity, G α (R i |S i ) represents the reference seismic refraction wave data, R i represents the reference seismic trace, S i represents the reference shot point, represents the cross-correlation calculation, G(R i+n |S i ) represents the target seismic channel Ri + n the first seismic refraction wave data, Im represents the imaginary part, G(R i+n |R i ) v represents the target virtual refraction data, and the real part of the target virtual refraction data is 0.

5. The seismic data processing method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The target super-virtual refraction data is determined by the following formula: G(R i+n |S j ) sv =2ik∫G(R i+n |R i ) v *G(R i |S j )d 2 R i ; where i represents the imaginary part, G(R i |S j ) represents the second seismic refraction wave data, S j Indicates the target shot point, G(R i+n |S j ) sv Represents the target super-virtual refraction data.

6. A seismic data processing device, characterized in that: include: An acquisition module is used to acquire a first seismic refraction wave data set consisting of first seismic refraction wave data received by all seismic channels excited by a reference shot point, and to acquire second seismic refraction wave data received by the reference seismic channel excited by a target shot point; wherein the reference shot point and the target shot point are shot points on the same survey line; and the reference seismic channel represents any seismic channel among all the seismic channels; An attenuation module, used for performing attenuation processing on the negative side lobes in the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic trace to obtain reference seismic refraction wave data; A construction module, configured to construct a virtual refraction trace gather of the reference seismic trace based on the reference seismic refraction wave data and the first seismic refraction wave data of the remaining seismic traces; A reconstruction module, configured to reconstruct a super virtual refraction gather of the target shot point based on the second seismic refraction wave data and the virtual refraction gather of the reference seismic trace; wherein the super virtual refraction gather represents a result of shaping the seismic refraction wave data excited by the target shot point; The attenuation module is specifically used for: Identifying a negative side lobe from the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic trace based on the amplitude of the seismic refraction wave; Performing attenuation processing on the negative side lobe using a preset attenuation function to obtain an attenuated negative side lobe; Using the attenuated negative sidelobe to update the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic trace, to obtain the reference seismic refraction wave data; The reference seismic refraction wave data is determined by the following formula: α (R i |S i )=G(R i |S i )·W·α; where G(R i |S i ) represents the reference shot point S i Excitation, reference seismic trace R i The received first seismic refraction wave data, W represents a two-dimensional matrix for intercepting negative side lobes from the first seismic refraction wave data of the reference seismic trace, α represents a preset attenuation function, G α (R i |S i ) represents the reference seismic refraction wave data.

7. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program that can be run on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the seismic data processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 are implemented.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are executed by a processor, the seismic data processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is implemented.

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