A method for precise measurement of ultra-short side conductors

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of engineering measurement, and is an ultra-short side wire precision measurement method. The method can realize high-precision transmission of the azimuth of the short side wire by using at least two prisms, and can also realize the transmission measurement of continuous short sides. Two target prisms in the middle of the wire transmission do not need to be centered, thereby eliminating the centering error of the prism. Two groups of observations replace the total station and the prism by 180 degrees in situ, thereby effectively eliminating the single centering and manufacturing errors of the instrument and the prism, and improving the measurement accuracy. The measurement total station only needs to be leveled and centered according to conventional wire measurement, without adding additional work and special skills. The two ends of the short side can be measured as long as they are visible, and the method can adapt to complex on-site environments. There are no new or special requirements for the measurement method, equipment, and software, and zero additional investment, and the operation is simpler. Compared with traditional wire measurement and short side azimuth measurement methods, the method has higher accuracy, higher efficiency, and higher flexibility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of engineering measurement, in particular to a method for precise measurement of ultra-short side conductors. Background Art

[0002] In underground engineering construction, wires are usually used to control the excavation direction. Different types of underground engineering have different requirements for the precision of construction excavation. For example, the excavation direction precision requirements of underground passages in coal mines are relatively low; while the railway and highway tunnels have very high requirements for tunnel penetration precision, especially for high-speed railway tunnels, which must ensure their smoothness, comfort and safety. The constructed tunnels must meet the high standards of track smoothness, and intrusion into limits is strictly prohibited. There have been many cases in the past showing that the tunnel penetration error was too large, resulting in the damage of the tunnel lining in the built section, and repairs and rework had to be carried out to correct the error, which brought huge economic losses and brought great safety risks.

[0003] During the construction of long and large tunnels, inclined shafts and parallel pilot pits are often set up to increase the construction excavation surface in order to speed up the construction progress and shorten the construction period. When conducting control measurements in special sections such as the inclined shaft turning into the main tunnel, the parallel pilot pit turning into the main tunnel, and the U-shaped pilot tunnel bypassing the poor geological section, due to various factors, a small radius curve appears in this section, and the line of sight distance in this section is inevitably shortened, resulting in 20m to 50m ultra-short side wires, or even shorter, such as Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the line segment BC is the ultra-short side conductor. When the centering error and instrument error of the measurement are relatively fixed, the measurement error of the azimuth (angle) is inversely proportional to the side length. The shorter the side length, the greater the error. The control measurement accuracy in the tunnel mainly depends on the measurement accuracy of the conductor angle. Too short a conductor side length seriously affects the angle measurement accuracy and the transmission of the conductor azimuth. Insufficient conductor angle measurement accuracy will affect the accurate penetration of the tunnel, affect the progress and quality of the project, and even cause huge economic losses to the project. This is a difficult problem that has not been effectively solved in tunnel engineering measurement.

[0004] During the measurement process, factors such as people, observation methods, equipment, and harsh measurement environment can all cause errors in the measurement. The tunnel is dug in the direction of the measurement, and the construction design hardly considers the measurement conditions. The short side brings great pressure to the tunnel measurement work.

[0005] In the prior art, ultra-short wire measurement can be performed by gyroscope orientation or a multi-common turning point side intersection wire measurement method (Chinese Patent Publication No. CN104729489A) to improve measurement accuracy.

[0006] 1. Gyro orientation: Azimuth transfer through gyro true north azimuth measurement: By using gyroscopes to perform orientation measurements on two sides respectively, the respective gyro azimuths are obtained, the angle between the two sides is calculated, and the coordinate azimuth of the unknown side is further deduced from the known side. This is used as a known azimuth side or an azimuth observation value with error, and is put into the traverse network for adjustment calculation to obtain the coordinate results of the control traverse points in the tunnel for guiding construction excavation.

[0007] Its advantage is that the gyro azimuth and orientation measurement is relatively independent and has no error accumulation. It is an effective technical means to test the accuracy of short-side azimuth transmission.

[0008] The disadvantages are that the gyroscope is expensive (1.5 million for ±5″ level, nearly 5 million for ±3″ level), inconvenient to transport (cannot be tilted or vibrated), demanding measurement conditions (no disturbing vibration in the measurement environment, stable temperature), and the reliability of the measurement results needs to be improved (practical experience shows that there is often a deviation of 2m from the true value). β ~3m β The result, m β The instrument has obvious disadvantages such as nominal accuracy; the operation is difficult and only a small number of professional measurement personnel can complete this work.

[0009] The application of gyroscopes is extremely limited. In most cases, industry personnel only use gyroscope orientation results for verification. For example, in the Nipor Baribabei water diversion project tunnel, there was a plan for gyroscope orientation measurement during the survey and design, but it was not implemented due to transportation problems.

[0010] 2. A method for measuring lateral intersection traverse with multiple common turning points: at least two measuring stations are arranged on the extension path of the traverse, and several (generally 5 to 7) common measuring turning points are evenly arranged on the other side of the connecting direction of the measuring stations, and automatic observation is performed using a high-precision total station; the independent coordinates of the measuring stations are calculated after applying corrections to the measured slope distances; the three conversion parameters between the independent coordinates of the common turning points between adjacent measuring stations and the global coordinates are calculated using the least squares indirect adjustment and robust estimation method, and the independent coordinates are converted to the global coordinates.

[0011] Its advantages are that compared with gyro orientation, it can make the wire transmit sufficient redundant observations with high accuracy, avoid the influence of side refraction, eliminate the influence of instrument and prism centering errors during the transmission process, and reduce the influence of observation gross errors on the adjustment results; it can adapt to difficult conditions such as narrow underground caverns, curved paths, and line of sight obstacles, and improve the accuracy and reliability of wire azimuth transmission; it can replace high-precision gyroscopes, and the measurement cost and operability are greatly improved.

[0012] Its disadvantages are: (1) measurement requires 9 to 12 prisms and tripods, which is difficult to achieve on the construction site and increases the cost of purchasing equipment and tools; (2) there are many directions, so the measurement time is relatively long, and the time for on-site coordination and waiting for measurement is long; (3) due to the large number of prisms during the measurement process, the operation difficulty is relatively high for on-site personnel, and it is not easy to achieve accuracy. Summary of the invention

[0013] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for precise measurement of ultra-short side conductors, which is faster, more effective, less costly, and easier for surveyors to master and operate, so as to solve the problem of the accuracy of azimuth transmission measurement of ultra-short conductors in tunnels.

[0014] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0015] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for accurately measuring an ultra-short side conductor, comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1. Measure the distance S between the end points B and C of the ultra-short side wire B～C ;

[0017] S2. Set two points Z1 and Z2 between the line connecting B and C;

[0018] S3. Set up a total station at point B, and set up prisms at points A, Z1, and Z2 respectively. The total stations and prisms set up at points B and A are accurately centered and leveled. The position of the optical plummet of the total station and the position of the rotating part of the prism are recorded during the first centering and leveling. The prisms set up at points Z1 and Z2 are centered and leveled, and the rotating part is locked. The prism heads are aligned with the total station at point B. The setting heights of the prisms Z1 and Z2 are lower than the setting height of the total station at point B. At point B, the direction and distance observation values ​​of the three directions A, Z1, and Z2 are measured respectively according to the wire measurement method.

[0019] S4. The total station is transferred to point C for station setting, and the prism is set at point D. The total station and prisms set at C and D are accurately aligned and leveled. The setting height of the total station at point C is higher than the setting height of the prisms Z1 and Z2. The prism bases that have been set at Z1 and Z2 remain stationary, and the rotating parts are still locked. The prism heads are turned to align with the total station at point C. At point C, the direction and distance observation values ​​of the three directions of D, Z1, and Z2 are measured respectively according to the wire measurement method. At this point, the first set of observation values ​​is obtained;

[0020] S5. Rotate the optical plummet of the total station at point C and the rotating part of the prism at point D by 180° respectively, re-center and level them accurately, lock the rotating part of the prism at point D, and align the prism head with the total station at point C; rotate the rotating parts of the prisms at Z1 and Z2 by 180° in situ, re-center and level them, lock the rotating parts, and rotate the prism head to align the total station at point C; at point C, measure the direction and distance observation values ​​of the three directions of D, Z1, and Z2 respectively according to the traverse measurement method;

[0021] S6. The total station is transferred to point B for station setting, and the prism is set at point A. The total station and the prism are precisely aligned and leveled at point B and A, and the optical plummet of the total station and the rotating part of the prism are placed at 180° of the first setting position. The prisms that have been set at point Z1 and Z2 remain stationary, and the rotating parts are still locked, and the prism heads are turned to align with the total station at point B. At point B, the direction and distance observation values ​​of the three directions of A, Z1, and Z2 are measured respectively according to the traverse measurement method. At this point, the second set of observation values ​​is obtained;

[0022] S7, the two groups of measured observation values ​​are processed according to the technical requirements of the traverse, and the coordinates of points C and D are obtained by adjustment calculation using the known coordinates of A and B;

[0023] S8. Compare and check the azimuth values ​​of the CD side and the C and D coordinates obtained by adjusting the two sets of observation values, and take the average value as the basis for leading the wire to the front of the tunnel.

[0024] The ultra-short side wire precision measurement method described in the present invention uses only two prisms roughly in a straight line as intermediate transfer points, thereby avoiding the huge impact of errors such as instruments, personnel, and observations on short side measurement, breaking through the problem of wire measurement accuracy under difficult short side conditions, and solving this common technical problem in the industry. In addition, industry personnel can easily implement this technical solution, making short side wire measurement simpler and more reliable.

[0025] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in S1, a total station is set at point B or point C to measure another point to measure the distance S between B and C. B～C .

[0026] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in S2, the distances from Z1 and Z2 to B and C are S B～C 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of.

[0027] As a further preferred technical solution of the present invention, in S2, the lateral deviation of Z1 and Z2 is no more than 2 cm, so as to form a measurement grid with higher transmission accuracy.

[0028] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in S2, S B～Z1 and S C～Z2The distance difference should not exceed 1.0m to form a symmetrical measurement grid and improve measurement accuracy.

[0029] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in S3, the setting height of the Z1 and Z2 prisms is 5 cm to 10 cm lower than the setting height of the total station at point B.

[0030] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in S4, the setting height of the total station at point B is consistent with the setting height of the total station at point C.

[0031] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in S7, addition and multiplication constant corrections, elevation and Gaussian projection corrections are performed according to the technical requirements of the conductor.

[0032] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, if there is a continuous ultra-short side wire, it is continuously transmitted according to the above-mentioned method of setting the prism and measuring station, the intermediate total station instrument position is freely set up, and the two prisms between every two total station positions are set on a straight line.

[0033] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, if the on-site conditions do not allow for fixed point settings or the side length is to be increased, the conductor points are not at both ends of the channel, and a free station joint measurement fixed point method is used, with both ends being fixed conductor points, one end being a fixed point and the other end being a free station, or both ends being free stations.

[0034] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a tunnel, which is measured and constructed using the ultra-short side wire precision measurement method as described in any one of the above items.

[0035] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0036] The ultra-short side conductor precision measurement method described in the present invention uses only two prisms roughly in a straight line as intermediate transfer points, avoiding the huge impact of errors such as instruments, personnel, and observations on short side measurement, breaking through the problem of conductor measurement accuracy under difficult short side conditions, and solving this common technical problem in the industry. In addition, industry personnel can easily implement this technical solution, making short side conductor measurement simpler and more reliable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of ultra-short conductors between the horizontal tunnel (or inclined shaft) and the main tunnel;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the effect of the tunnel ultra-short wire orientation error on tunnel penetration;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the basic form of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the working principle of continuous ultra-short wire measurement;

[0041] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the general form of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with test examples and specific implementation methods. However, this should not be understood as the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention being limited to the following embodiments, and all technologies realized based on the content of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.

[0043] Unless otherwise specified, in the description of the specific embodiments of the present invention, the terms indicating the orientation or position relationship such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "center", "inside", "outside", etc. are all expressions based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, or are the orientation or position relationship when the invented product / equipment / device is usually used. These terms of orientation or position relationship are only for the convenience of describing the scheme of the present invention or simplifying the description in the specific embodiments, so as to facilitate the technicians to quickly understand the scheme, and do not indicate or imply that a specific device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific position relationship, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0044] In addition, if the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging", "parallel" and the like appear, it does not mean that the corresponding devices / components / elements are required to be absolutely horizontal or vertical or overhanging or parallel, but may be slightly tilted or have deviations. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but may be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simplified to mean that the corresponding devices / components / elements are set in directions such as "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging", "parallel", etc., and can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction setting, more preferably an error / deviation within ±8%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±6%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±5%, and more preferably an error / deviation within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its role in the scheme of the present invention.

[0045] In addition, the expressions “first”, “second”, “third”, etc., which appear in the terms, are merely used to distinguish the description of the same or similar components and should not be understood as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of specific components.

[0046] In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several", "plurality" and "a number" represent at least 2. It can be any number such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and even more than 9.

[0047] In addition, in the description of the technical solution of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified / defined / restricted, the terms "set", "install", "connect", "connected", "provided with", "laid", and "arranged" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, and can be welding, riveting, bolting, threading, and other commonly used connection means in the field. This connection can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements.

[0048] In related technologies, such as Figure 1 As shown, at the junction of the cross tunnel (or inclined shaft) and the main tunnel of a certain extra-long tunnel, the conventional wire needs to be connected from AB through a short side BC and transferred to the CD side. According to the conventional wire measurement, a total station is set up at point B to measure the angles and side lengths in the directions of A and C respectively, and then a total station is set up at point C to measure the angles and side lengths in the directions of B and D respectively. According to the measured angles and side lengths, the coordinates of C and D can be calculated from A and B according to the wire calculation method to complete the azimuth and coordinate transfer. However, as described in the previous background technology, the BC side is too short, and the instrument error, centering mark error, human operation error, etc., even if the comprehensive deviation is 1mm, Figure 2 As shown, it will also have a huge impact on the measured angle, seriously affecting the angle measurement accuracy and the transmission of the conductor direction. Whether the tunnel can be correctly penetrated cannot be guaranteed, and the accuracy requirements of the long tunnel conductor cannot be met. The use of gyroscope orientation to improve measurement accuracy is expensive, difficult to operate, inconvenient to transport, and demanding measurement conditions. A multi-common turning point side intersection conductor measurement method is used to improve measurement accuracy, which requires a large number of prisms and tripods, which is relatively expensive, requires a long time to measure many directions, and is inconvenient to operate. For this reason, the technical solution of the present application was produced, and the following is combined with Figure 1 , Figures 3 to 5 To elaborate.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, a method for precise measurement of ultra-short side wires according to the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0051] Step 1: Set up a total station at the end point B or C of the ultra-short side wire, look back at point C or point B, and measure the distance S between B and C. B～C .

[0052] Step 2: At a distance of S from point B and point C B～C / 5~S B～C / 4 position to determine the two prism setting points Z1 and Z2. Z1 and Z2 are located on the line connecting B and C and between B and C. In principle, the lateral deviation is no more than 2cm. SB～Z1 and S C～Z2 Roughly equal, with a distance difference of no more than 1.0m.

[0053] Step three, a total station is set up at point B, and prisms are set up at points A, Z1, and Z2 respectively; the total stations and prisms set up at points B and A are accurately centered and leveled according to the requirements of the wire measurement, and the position of the optical plummet of the total station and the rotating part of the prism are recorded during the first centering and leveling; the prisms set up at Z1 and Z2 only need to be roughly centered and leveled, the rotating part of the base is locked, and the direction of the prism head is aligned with the total station at point B. The Z1 and Z2 prisms are roughly at the same height and are 5cm to 10cm lower than the direction of the line connecting the B and C total stations, so as to achieve target identification without interfering with each other; at point B, the direction and distance observation values ​​of the three directions of A, Z1, and Z2 are measured according to the wire measurement method.

[0054] Step 4: The total station is transferred from point B to point C, and a prism is set at point D. The total stations and prisms set at C and D are precisely aligned and leveled according to the requirements of the traverse measurement. The total station at point C is roughly at the same height as the total station at point B, and the connecting line is 5 to 10 cm higher than the Z1 and Z2 prisms, so as to achieve target recognition without mutual interference.

[0055] The prism bases of Z1 and Z2 that have been set up remain stationary, and the rotating part of the base is still locked. You only need to gently turn the prism head to align it with the total station at point C; at point C, use the wire measurement method to measure the direction and distance observation values ​​in the three directions of D, Z1, and Z2 respectively.

[0056] There is no strict order between step 3 and step 4. You can execute step 4 first and then step 3. At this point, the first set of observations is acquired.

[0057] Step 5. Rotate the optical plummet of the total station at point C and the rotating part of the prism at point D by 180° respectively, re-center and level them accurately according to the requirements of the traverse measurement, lock the rotating part of the prism at point D, and align the prism head with the total station at point C; rotate the base rotating part of the prisms Z1 and Z2 by 180° in situ, roughly re-center and level them, lock the base rotating part, and gently rotate the prism head to align with the total station at point C; at point C, measure the direction and distance observation values ​​in the three directions of D, Z1, and Z2 according to the traverse measurement method.

[0058] Step 6. The total station is transferred from point C to point B, and the prism is set at point A. The total station and prism at point B and A are precisely centered and leveled according to the requirements of the traverse measurement, and the optical plummet of the total station and the rotating part of the prism are placed at the 180° position set for the first time. The prisms that have been set at point Z1 and Z2 remain stationary, and the rotating part of the base is still locked. Only the prism head needs to be gently turned to align with the total station at point B. At point B, the direction and distance observation values ​​of the three directions of A, Z1, and Z2 are measured according to the traverse measurement method.

[0059] There is no strict order between step 5 and step 6, and step 6 can be performed first and then step 5. At this point, the second set of observations is acquired.

[0060] Step seven: Process the two groups of measured observation values ​​according to the technical requirements of the traverse, such as addition and multiplication of constant corrections, elevation and Gaussian projection corrections, and use the known coordinates of A and B to calculate the coordinates of points C and D through adjustment.

[0061] Step 8. Compare and check the azimuth values ​​of the CD side and the C and D coordinates obtained by adjusting the two sets of observation values, and take the average value as the basis for leading the wire to the front of the tunnel.

[0062] Among them, in step 2, at a distance S B～C / 5~S B～C The two prism setting points Z1 and Z2 are determined at the position of / 4 in order to make S B～Z2 / S B～Z1 (S C～Z1 / S C～Z2 ) is not less than 2; Z1 and Z2 are located on the line connecting B and C. In principle, the lateral deviation is not more than 2 cm, so that the angle between the total station and the two prisms is generally not more than 0.25°. In step three, the Z1 and Z2 prisms are roughly the same height and 5cm to 10cm lower than the direction of the line connecting the B and C total stations, so that the vertical angle and vertical angle difference between the total station and the Z1 and Z2 directions are not more than 1°, which can effectively improve the transmission accuracy. These measures can effectively improve the transmission accuracy.

[0063] In steps 3 to 6, the total station and prism are replaced 180° on the spot to eliminate the errors of the total station's optical centering device and the prism rotating part. The Z1 and Z2 locking base rotating parts are to keep the prism positions at Z1 and Z2 for coordinate transition unchanged during a set of data observations.

[0064] In step 8, the inspection standard for measuring whether the orientations obtained by two sets of independent observations are qualified is the limit error of the difference between the two sets of orientations. (General This indicator is estimated based on a basic length of 30 meters. Source of indicators: First, this technology is used to measure the azimuth transmission measurement data of multiple sets of ultra-short side wires (30 meters as the benchmark), and then Evaluate the position error of a set of observations. v is the difference between each set of observations and the arithmetic mean of the multiple sets.

[0065] In this embodiment, the total stations at B and C are used to directly measure the known AB side and the unknown CD side. Alternatively, the total stations can be used to set up free sites, and prisms can be placed on A, B, C, and D to indirectly measure A, B, C, and D. This depends on the site conditions, such as Figure 5 shown.

[0066] The purpose of taking the average value of the calculation results of the first and second groups of data is to eliminate some systematic errors and random errors and improve the quality of the results.

[0067] The method for accurately transferring the azimuth of an ultra-short-side conductor using a dual prism as described in this embodiment has overcome the problem of conductor measurement accuracy under difficult short-side conditions. Two prisms roughly in a line are used as intermediate transfer points, thereby avoiding the huge impact of errors in instruments, personnel, observations, etc. on short-side measurement. This solves this common technical problem in the industry, and industry personnel can also easily implement this technical solution, making short-side conductor measurement simpler and more reliable.

[0068] The present embodiment describes a dual-prism ultra-short side wire azimuth precise transmission measurement method, which can realize short wire side azimuth high-precision transmission using at least two prisms, and can also realize continuous short side transmission measurement; the two target prisms in the middle of the wire transmission do not need to be centered, and the positions of the two prisms can be kept unchanged during a set of data observations, thereby eliminating the prism centering error; the two sets of observations replace the total station and the prism 180° on-site, which can effectively eliminate the instrument and prism errors and improve accuracy; the measurement total station only needs to be leveled and centered according to conventional wire measurement, without the need for additional work and special skills; the short sides can be measured as soon as they are visible, and can adapt to complex on-site environments; there are no new or special requirements for measurement methods, equipment, and software, zero additional investment, and simpler operation; it has higher accuracy, reliability, and flexibility than traditional wire measurement and short side azimuth measurement methods.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] Based on Example 1, combined with tunnel engineering Figure 1 When entering the main tunnel from the inclined shaft, a short side (ultra-short side conductor) BC of about 38m appears.

[0071] If conventional methods are used for traverse measurement, the influence of various errors on the accuracy of short side measurement cannot be eliminated. See Table 1 below. Two sets of data were measured using conventional traverse measurement methods. The CD side orientation was calculated using AB, respectively. The difference was 7.1 seconds. The accuracy of the results was unreliable and it was difficult to meet the tunnel accuracy requirements.

[0072] Table 1

[0073]

[0074] The ultra-short side wire precision measurement method of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0075] Step 1: Set up the total station at point B for centering and leveling, and set up the prism at point C for centering and leveling. The measured BC side is about 38m.

[0076] Step 2: Use the total station to measure the distance S B～C / 5~S B～C / 4 position to determine the two prism setting points Z1 and Z2. Z1 and Z2 are located on the line connecting B and C. In principle, the lateral deviation is no more than 2cm. B～Z1 and S C～Z2 are roughly equal, and the distance difference is no more than 1.0m. In this embodiment, S B～Z1 and S C～Z2 About 9m to 10m, not very accurate.

[0077] Step 3. Set up a total station at point B and prisms at points A, Z1, and Z2 respectively; the total stations and prisms set up at points B and A are accurately centered and leveled according to the requirements of the traverse measurement, and the position of the optical plummet of the total station and the rotating part of the prism are recorded during the first centering and leveling; the prisms set up at Z1 and Z2 only need to be roughly centered and leveled, the rotating part of the base is locked, and the direction of the prism head is aligned with the total station at point B. The Z1 and Z2 prisms are roughly at the same height and are 5cm to 10cm lower than the direction of the line connecting the B and C total stations, so as to achieve target identification without interfering with each other; at point B, measure the direction and distance observation values ​​in the three directions of A, Z1, and Z2 according to the traverse measurement method.

[0078] Step 4: Set up a total station at point C and a prism at point D; the total stations and prisms at C and D are accurately aligned and leveled according to the requirements of the traverse measurement. The total station at point C is roughly at the same height as the total station at point B, and the connecting line is 5 to 10 cm higher than the prisms Z1 and Z2, so as to achieve target identification without interfering with each other; the prisms Z1 and Z2 that have been set up remain stationary, and the base rotating part is still locked. You only need to gently turn the prism head to align the direction of the total station at point C; at point C, use the traverse measurement method to measure the direction and distance observation values ​​in the three directions of D, Z1, and Z2 respectively.

[0079]

[0080] At this point, the first set of observations has been acquired.

[0081] Step 5. Rotate the optical plummet of the total station at point C and the rotating part of the prism at point D by 180°, re-center and level them accurately according to the requirements of the traverse measurement, lock the rotating part of the prism at point D, and align the prism head with the total station at point C; rotate the base rotating part of the prisms Z1 and Z2 by 180° in situ, roughly re-center and level them, lock the base rotating part, and gently rotate the prism head to align with the total station at point C; at point C, measure the direction and distance observation values ​​in the three directions of D, Z1, and Z2 according to the traverse measurement method.

[0082] Step 6. Set up the total station at point B and the prism at point A. The total station and prism at point B and A should be precisely centered and leveled according to the requirements of the traverse measurement, and the optical plummet of the total station and the rotating part of the prism should be placed at the 180° position set for the first time. The prisms that have been set at Z1 and Z2 remain stationary, and the rotating part of the base is still locked. You only need to gently turn the prism head to align the total station at point B. At point B, measure the direction and distance observation values ​​in the three directions of A, Z1, and Z2 according to the traverse measurement method.

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] At this point, the second set of observations has been acquired.

[0086] In step 3, step 4, step 5, and step 6, the angle side length measurement depends on the length between the tunnel penetration surfaces, and the number of measurement rounds is selected according to the second and third traverses; because the distance from the instrument to the prism is only 10m, the station tolerance index can be appropriately relaxed, such as 0.5 second total station settings of 8 / 13 / 9 or 12 / 18 / 12. This embodiment uses the TS60 total station, angle and distance measurement 4 rounds, and the station index is set to 8 / 13 / 9 to avoid unnecessary rework and re-measurement due to the short side measurement index exceeding the limit.

[0087] Step seven: The two sets of measured observation values ​​shall be corrected by addition and multiplication constants, elevation and Gaussian projection according to the technical requirements of the traverse. The coordinates of points C and D are obtained by adjustment calculation using the known coordinates of A and B.

[0088] Coordinate results after adjustment of the first set of observations

[0089] Roll Call X Y Mx(mm) My (mm) Mp(mm) Z1 3328713.1862 520463.8536 0.3 0.2 0.3 Z2 3328728.7132 520476.3587 0.3 0.2 0.3 C 3328735.5434 520481.8572 0.3 0.3 0.4 D 3328591.1538 520695.9382 0.9 0.6 1.1 A 3328798.6398 520258.1044 0 0 0 B 3328705.9090 520457.9946 0 0 0

[0090] Position results after adjustment of the first set of observations

[0091] starting point end Distance(m) Distance error(mm) Relative accuracy (1 / K) Direction (d.ms) C D 258.2229 0.4 633700 123.59535

[0092] Coordinate results after adjustment of the second set of observations

[0093] Roll Call X Y Mx(mm) My (mm) Mp(mm) Z2 3328728.7201 520476.3529 0.3 0.2 0.4 Z1 3328713.1844 520463.8526 0.3 0.2 0.4 C 3328735.5427 520481.8575 0.3 0.3 0.5 D 3328591.1524 520695.9373 1 0.7 1.2 A 3328798.6398 520258.1044 0 0 0 B 3328705.9090 520457.9946 0 0 0

[0094] Position results after adjustment of the second set of observations

[0095] starting point end Distance(m) Distance error(mm) Relative accuracy (1 / K) Direction (d.ms) C D 258.2223 0.5 561800 123.59550

[0096] Step 8. Take the arithmetic mean of the C and D coordinates obtained by adjusting the two sets of observation values ​​and use them as the basis for leading the wire to the front of the tunnel.

[0097] The coordinates obtained by the two sets of measurements are poor

[0098]

[0099] The average value of the coordinates obtained from the two sets of measurements

[0100]

[0101]

[0102] From the above comparison table, it can be seen that the maximum difference between the coordinates of points C and D measured by the technology of the present invention is only 1.4 mm, and the results are reliable.

[0103] The difference and average of the two groups of measurements

[0104]

[0105] The difference in the CD side azimuths measured by the above two groups of results is only 1.5", which meets the set limit value. Combined with the previous coordinate difference comparison table, it can be confirmed that the measurement results transmitted by the technology of the present invention are reliable and have high accuracy, which can meet the tunnel measurement accuracy requirements. Finally, the average value of the two groups of results is taken for construction use.

[0106] It can be seen that the azimuth 123.59508 obtained by conventional wire measurement differs by 3.4" from the measurement result of the method of the present invention.

[0107] Example 3

[0108] In order to adapt to the complex environment in the tunnel, the positions of A, B, C, and D described in the present invention are not fixed. Figure 4 As shown, if there are continuous short sides, the prisms and the measuring station method can be set up continuously based on Example 1, and the intermediate total station instrument positions can be set freely, and the two prisms between every two total station positions can be set in an approximately straight line.

[0109] Example 4

[0110] In order to adapt to the complex environment in the tunnel, the positions of A, B, C, and D described in the present invention are not fixed. Figure 5 As shown, the two ends of the short side are not necessarily fixed control points. If the site conditions do not allow for fixed points or the side length is increased, the conductor points are not located at both ends of the channel. Based on Example 1, the free station setting and fixed point joint measurement method can be used. Both ends can be fixed conductor points, one end can be a fixed point and the other end can be a free station, or both ends can be free stations, and the same effect can be achieved. Figure 5 In the example, T1 and T2 stations are not necessarily set at fixed points.

[0111] Example 5

[0112] like Figure 1 As shown, a tunnel described in the present invention adopts the ultra-short side wire precision measurement method described in Example 1, Example 3 or Example 4 for measurement construction.

[0113] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for precise measurement of ultra-short side conductors, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Measure the distance S between the end points B and C of the ultra-short side wire B～C ; S2. Set two points Z1 and Z2 between the line connecting B and C. The distances from Z1 and Z2 to B and C are S respectively. B～C 1 / 5 to 1 / 4; S3. Set up a total station at point B, and set up prisms at points A, Z1, and Z2 respectively. Accurately align and level the total station and prisms set up at points B and A. Note the position of the optical plummet of the total station and the rotating part position of the prism during the first alignment and leveling. The prisms set at Z1 and Z2 are leveled, the rotating parts are locked, and the prism heads are aligned with the total station at point B. The setting heights of the prisms Z1 and Z2 are lower than the setting height of the total station at point B. At point B, the direction and distance observation values ​​of the three directions A, Z1, and Z2 are measured respectively according to the traverse measurement method; S4. The total station is transferred to point C for station setting, and the prism is set at point D. The total stations and prisms set at C and D are accurately aligned and leveled. The setting height of the total station at point C is higher than the setting height of the prisms Z1 and Z2. The prism bases of Z1 and Z2 that have been set remain unchanged, and the rotating parts are still locked. The prism heads are turned to align with the total station at point C. At point C, the direction and distance observation values ​​of the three directions of D, Z1, and Z2 are measured respectively according to the wire measurement method. At this point, the first set of observation values ​​is obtained, and the setting height of the total station at point B is consistent with the setting height of the total station at point C. S5. Rotate the optical plummet of the total station at point C and the rotating part of the prism at point D by 180 degrees respectively, re-center and level them accurately, lock the rotating part of the prism at point D, and align the prism head with the total station at point C; Rotate the rotating parts of the Z1 and Z2 prisms 180 degrees in place, re-level them, lock the rotating parts, and turn the prism heads to face the total station at point C; at point C, measure the direction and distance observation values ​​of the three directions of D, Z1, and Z2 respectively according to the traverse measurement method; S6. The total station is transferred to point B for station setting and the prism is set at point A; B. Set the total station and prism to accurately center and level them, and place the optical plummet of the total station and the rotating part of the prism at 180° of the first setting position; Keep the prisms Z1 and Z2 set up, and lock the rotating part. Turn the prism head to face the total station at point B. At point B, measure the direction and distance observation values ​​of the three directions A, Z1, and Z2 respectively according to the traverse measurement method. At this point, the second set of observations has been acquired; S7, the two groups of measured observation values ​​are processed according to the technical requirements of the traverse, and the coordinates of points C and D are obtained by adjustment calculation using the known coordinates of A and B; S8, compare and check the azimuth values ​​of the CD side and the C and D coordinates obtained by the two groups of observation value adjustment calculations, and take the average value as the benchmark for the conductor line leading to the front of the tunnel; If there is a continuous ultra-short side wire, it is continuously transmitted according to the above-mentioned method of setting up prisms and measuring stations. The intermediate total station instrument positions are freely set up, and the two prisms between every two total station positions are set in a straight line.

2. The ultra-short side wire precision measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the lateral deviation of Z1 and Z2 is no more than 2 cm.

3. The ultra-short side wire precision measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, S B～Z1 and S C～Z2 The distance difference is no more than 1.0m.

4. The ultra-short side wire precision measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the setting height of Z1 and Z2 prisms is 5 cm to 10 cm lower than the setting height of the total station at point B.

5. The ultra-short side wire precision measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S7, additive constant correction, multiplicative constant correction, elevation projection correction and Gaussian projection correction are performed according to the technical requirements of the conductor.

6. The ultra-short side wire precision measurement method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: If the site conditions do not allow for fixed points or the side length is increased, the traverse points are not located at either end of the channel, and the free station joint measurement fixed point method is used, with both ends as fixed traverse points, one end as a fixed point and the other end as a free station, or both ends as free stations.

7. A tunnel, characterized in that: The measurement construction is carried out using the ultra-short side conductor precision measurement method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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