A digital modulation module, a measurement and control system and a quantum computer

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of digital modulation module, measurement and control system and quantum computer, the digital modulation module is arranged in refrigeration equipment, including digital signal generation module, it is configured to at least output a group of digital signals with preset frequency;Multiplexer, it is configured to select output one group of digital signals generated by the digital signal generation module;Calibrator, it is configured to calibrate the digital signal selected and output by the multiplexer, as the output signal of digital modulation module.The digital modulation module and quantum processor in the application are all arranged in the same refrigeration equipment, so as to reduce the interference input in transmission process, in addition, the frequency and phase offset required for generating qubit by the digital signal generation module are used in the application, the number of multiplier and adder is reduced, the power consumption is greatly reduced, so that the digital modulation module is more suitable for low temperature environment.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of quantum computers, in particular to a digital modulation module, a measurement and control system and a quantum computer. BACKGROUND

[0002] In quantum computing, quantum bit circuits, transmission lines of measurement and control systems connected thereto, and the like are abnormally sensitive to environmental noise, especially thermal noise, electromagnetic noise and signal noise. The usual method of suppressing thermal noise is to place the quantum chip in a large dilution refrigerator, attach it to the cooling source through a gold-plated copper plate, and reduce the environmental temperature to about 10mK, and maintain excellent thermal contact to remove the heat generated by the quantum chip during operation at any time. The method of suppressing electromagnetic noise is to design a multi-layer complex shielding packaging device around the quantum bit circuit, on the one hand to shield the environmental electromagnetic noise from interfering with the operation of the quantum chip, and on the other hand to shield the crosstalk between different components in the quantum bit circuit.

[0003] The solution to signal noise is more troublesome, not only does it need to reduce the noise of the quantum computer control system as much as possible, but also needs to add multi-stage noise reduction components to the signal lines of the quantum chip, and also needs to consider the additional radiation, noise, thermal power and the like caused by the noise reduction components. It is not easy to reduce the noise of the quantum computer control system, even if all the devices are ideal, the signal fluctuations caused by the Johnson-Nyquist noise (referred to as thermal fluctuation noise) caused by blackbody radiation will enter the quantum chip along with the signal.

[0004] In order to reduce the input of noise, if all the quantum bit state control circuits, quantum bit frequency control circuits, quantum bit state control output circuits, and quantum bit state control feedback input control circuits outside the quantum bit circuit are directly set in the refrigeration equipment, the above-mentioned quantum bit state control circuits and quantum bit state control output circuits all include circuits that need to be modulated, and the existing modulation circuits are not suitable for use in refrigeration equipment. The current modulation circuit has high power consumption and occupies a large space. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to reduce the input of noise, and to provide a digital modulation module, a measurement and control system and a quantum computer

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present application provides a digital modulation module, which is set in a refrigeration equipment, comprising:

[0008] A digital signal generation module configured to output at least a set of digital signals having a predetermined frequency;

[0009] a multiplexer configured to select one of the digital signals generated by the digital signal generation module as an output signal of the digital modulation module;

[0010] a calibrator configured to calibrate the digital signal selected by the multiplexer as the output signal of the digital modulation module.

[0011] Optionally, the digital signal generation module comprises:

[0012] a digital control oscillator configured to output two digital signals with a preset frequency;

[0013] a phase modulator configured to directly modulate the phases of the two digital signals according to phase information;

[0014] an amplitude modulator configured to modulate the amplitudes of the two digital signals according to amplitude information.

[0015] Optionally, the digital signal generation module comprises:

[0016] a modulation digital signal generator configured to output a digital signal with a preset frequency;

[0017] a first sine / cosine lookup table configured to determine the sine / cosine function values corresponding to the preset frequency of the digital signal generated by the modulation digital signal generator, and output two digital signals corresponding to the sine / cosine function values;

[0018] a phase modulator configured to directly modulate the phase of the digital signal, or modulate the phases of the two digital signals, according to phase information;

[0019] an amplitude modulator configured to modulate the amplitudes of the two digital signals according to amplitude information.

[0020] Optionally, the input end of the multiplexer is configured to receive the two digital signals after amplitude and phase modulation and the amplitude information; the output end is configured to output the two digital signals and / or the amplitude information, the two digital signals being input into the calibrator, and the amplitude information being used as one of the output signals of the digital modulation module.

[0021] Optionally, the number of the digital signal generation modules is multiple, and the digital signal generation modules are configured to generate frequency signals for multiple qubits at the same time.

[0022] Optionally, the digital modulation module further comprises:

[0023] A second sine-cosine lookup table is configured to determine a sine-cosine function value corresponding to a frequency of a selected group of digital signals with preset frequencies, and output two digital signals corresponding to the sine-cosine function value, which are input into the calibrator for calibration output.

[0024] In still another aspect of the present application, a scheme of a measurement and control system is provided, which comprises a qubit state control circuit arranged in a refrigeration device and connected with a quantum processor in the refrigeration device, configured to control quantum state information of the quantum processor; the qubit state control circuit comprises a first digital modulation module, which is a digital modulation module comprising a phase modulator and an amplitude modulator, and outputs a first digital signal and a second digital signal, and the first digital modulation module is configured to adjust a qubit state control signal input into the quantum processor;

[0025] A measurement signal output circuit is configured to obtain a measurement signal of the quantum processor and transmit the measurement signal to the quantum processor;

[0026] A sampling signal reading circuit is configured to process a feedback signal output by the quantum processor to obtain quantum state information of the quantum processor.

[0027] Optionally, the qubit state control circuit further comprises:

[0028] A first digital-to-analog conversion module is configured to process the first digital signal and the second digital signal into a first analog signal and a second analog signal;

[0029] A first signal processing module is configured to perform frequency conversion processing on the first analog signal and the second analog signal according to a working frequency of the qubit and output a qubit state control signal as an input of the qubit state control circuit to the quantum processor.

[0030] Optionally, the measurement signal output circuit comprises:

[0031] A second digital modulation module is configured to output a third digital signal and a fourth digital signal with a predetermined frequency;

[0032] A second digital-to-analog conversion module is configured to process the third digital signal and the fourth digital signal into a third analog signal and a fourth analog signal;

[0033] A second signal processing module is configured to perform frequency conversion processing on the third analog signal and the fourth analog signal according to a frequency of the qubit and output a qubit state control output signal as an input of the control circuit to the quantum processor.

[0034] Preferably, the second digital modulation module is the digital modulation module described above, the digital signal output by the second digital modulation module is a third digital signal and a fourth digital signal, and the second digital modulation module is configured to adjust the quantum bit state regulation output signal input into the quantum processor.

[0035] In another aspect of the present application, a second scheme of a measurement and control system is provided, which comprises a quantum processor disposed in a refrigeration device and connected to a quantum processor in the refrigeration device,

[0036] a quantum bit state regulation circuit configured to regulate quantum state information of the quantum processor;

[0037] a measurement signal output circuit configured to obtain a measurement signal of the quantum processor and transmit the measurement signal to the quantum processor; the measurement signal output circuit comprises a second digital modulation module, which is any digital modulation module, the digital signal output by the second digital modulation module is a third digital signal and a fourth digital signal, and the second digital modulation module is configured to adjust the quantum bit state regulation output signal input into the quantum processor;

[0038] a sampling signal reading circuit configured to process the feedback signal output by the quantum processor to obtain quantum state information of the quantum processor.

[0039] Optionally, the measurement signal output circuit further comprises

[0040] a second digital-to-analog conversion module configured to process the third digital signal and the fourth digital signal into a third analog signal and a fourth analog signal;

[0041] a second signal processing module configured to frequency-convert the third analog signal and the fourth analog signal according to the frequency of the quantum bit and output the quantum bit state regulation output signal as an input of the regulation circuit to the quantum processor.

[0042] Optionally, the quantum bit state regulation circuit comprises:

[0043] a first digital modulation module configured to modulate the amplitude and phase of a digital signal with a preset frequency, output a first digital signal and a second digital signal;

[0044] a first digital-to-analog conversion module configured to process the first digital signal and the second digital signal into a first analog signal and a second analog signal;

[0045] The first signal processing module is configured to perform frequency conversion processing on the first analog signal and the second analog signal according to the operating frequency of the qubit, and output a qubit state regulation signal as an input of the quantum processor to the regulation circuit.

[0046] In another aspect of the present application, a third scheme of a measurement and control system is provided, which comprises a qubit frequency regulation circuit arranged in a refrigeration device and connected with a quantum processor in the refrigeration device, and configured to regulate the frequency parameter of the quantum processor.

[0047] The measurement signal output circuit is configured to obtain a measurement signal of the quantum processor, and transmit the measurement signal to the quantum processor; the measurement signal output circuit comprises a second digital modulation module, which is a digital modulation module in the above different schemes, and outputs a third digital signal and a fourth digital signal; the second digital modulation module is configured to adjust the qubit state regulation output signal input into the quantum processor.

[0048] The sampling signal reading circuit is configured to process the feedback signal output by the quantum processor to obtain the quantum state information of the quantum processor.

[0049] Optionally, the qubit frequency regulation circuit comprises:

[0050] The voltage source module is configured to output a low-frequency quasi-DC signal.

[0051] The pulse source module is configured to output a pulse signal.

[0052] The biasing device is configured to bias process the low-frequency quasi-DC signal and the pulse signal, and transmit the processed low-frequency quasi-DC signal and pulse signal to the quantum processor.

[0053] Optionally, the voltage value output by the voltage source module varies within a set positive and negative range.

[0054] Optionally, the measurement signal output circuit further comprises:

[0055] The second digital-to-analog conversion module is configured to process the third digital signal and the fourth digital signal into a third analog signal and a fourth analog signal.

[0056] The second signal processing module is configured to perform frequency conversion processing on the third analog signal and the fourth analog signal according to the frequency of the qubit, and output a qubit state regulation output signal as an input of the quantum processor to the regulation circuit.

[0057] In still another aspect of the present application, a fourth scheme of a measurement and control system is provided, further comprising a qubit state regulation circuit arranged in the refrigeration device and connected with the quantum processor in the refrigeration device, configured to regulate quantum state information of the quantum processor; the qubit state regulation circuit comprises a first digital modulation module, which is a digital modulation module comprising a phase modulator and an amplitude modulator, and the digital signal output by the first digital modulation module is a first digital signal and a second digital signal, and the first digital modulation module is configured to adjust the qubit state regulation signal input into the quantum processor.

[0058] Optionally, the qubit state regulation circuit further comprises:

[0059] a first digital-to-analog conversion module configured to process the first digital signal and the second digital signal into a first analog signal and a second analog signal;

[0060] a first signal processing module configured to perform frequency conversion processing on the first analog signal and the second analog signal according to the working frequency of the qubit and output the qubit state regulation signal as the input of the regulation circuit to the quantum processor.

[0061] In the above three schemes of the measurement and control system, the sampling signal reading circuit comprises:

[0062] an isolation amplification module configured to isolate the analog signal output by the quantum processor from the back-end module and amplify and output the analog signal;

[0063] a third signal processing module configured to perform down-conversion processing on the signal output by the isolation amplification module;

[0064] an analog-to-digital conversion module configured to convert the analog signal processed by the third signal processing module into a digital signal;

[0065] a digital demodulation module configured to demodulate the digital signal output by the analog-to-digital conversion module and output digital information representing the qubit state.

[0066] Optionally, the isolation amplification module comprises:

[0067] a circulator, a first port of which is connected with the output end of the quantum processor, configured to perform directional transmission of the signal at the output end of the quantum processor;

[0068] a third amplifier configured to perform amplification processing on the feedback signal output by the quantum processor.

[0069] Optionally, the digital demodulation module comprises:

[0070] A digital signal generator configured to obtain a plurality of sets of digital signals of preset frequencies;

[0071] A multiplexer configured to select one of the sets of digital signals of preset frequencies;

[0072] A cosine lookup table configured to output fifth and sixth digital signals corresponding to cosine function values corresponding to the preset frequency of the selected digital signal;

[0073] An I Q demodulator configured to perform I Q demodulation on the digital signal output by the analog-to-digital conversion module according to the fifth and sixth digital signals output by the cosine lookup table, to obtain digital information representing the state of the quantum bit.

[0074] In the above three measurement and control system solutions, the control system further comprises a memory module configured to send a frequency control word to the corresponding digital modulation module or digital demodulation module, send phase information and amplitude information to the phase modulator and amplitude modulator, and send cosine values corresponding to the frequency to the cosine lookup table.

[0075] In the above three measurement and control system solutions, the control system further comprises a plurality of attenuator modules configured to attenuate analog signals input by the quantum bit state control circuit and the measurement signal output circuit into the quantum processor, and feedback signals output by the quantum processor.

[0076] In the above three measurement and control system solutions, the control system further comprises a plurality of filter modules configured to filter out interference signals in the quantum bit state control circuit, the measurement signal output circuit, and the feedback signals output by the quantum processor.

[0077] In the above three measurement and control system solutions, the quantum bit state control circuit, the quantum bit frequency control circuit, the measurement signal output circuit, and the sampling signal reading circuit are integrated on one or more substrates.

[0078] In the above three measurement and control system solutions, the quantum bit state control circuit, the quantum bit frequency control circuit, the measurement signal output circuit, and the sampling signal reading circuit are integrated on one or more substrates by CMOS process.

[0079] In another aspect of the present application, a quantum computer is provided, which uses the above measurement and control system to send control signals and measurement signals to the quantum processor and processes feedback signals output by the quantum processor.

[0080] The present application has the following advantages:

[0081] The present invention discloses a digital modulation module that uses a multiplexer to select the output. When the digital modulation module is used in a qubit control circuit, the multiplexer can output a digital signal with frequency, phase, and amplitude, or an amplitude signal with only amplitude information. This allows the amplitude information to be used as a DC signal without needing to pass through a calibrator and signal processing module. This meets the requirements of special gate processing operations for the output. Combined with the qubit control signal after frequency conversion processing of the first analog signal and the second analog signal, the measurement and control requirements can be met.

[0082] The digital modulation module of this invention uses a digital signal generation module to generate the frequency and phase shift required for qubits, reducing the number of multipliers and adders, greatly reducing power consumption. Moreover, the digital signal generation module can determine the phase of the qubits, thereby achieving coherent operation. Compared with directly using SRAM to store all modulated waveform files, it reduces the requirements for the memory module and is more suitable for low-temperature environments.

[0083] The measurement and control system and quantum computer provided in this application belong to the same inventive concept as the digital modulation module, and therefore have the same beneficial effects, which will not be elaborated here. Attached Figure Description

[0084] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the digital modulation module provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0085] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the digital modulation module provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0086] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the digital modulation module provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0087] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the digital modulation module provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0088] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the digital modulation module provided in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0089] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the measurement and control system provided by the present invention.

[0090] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the quantum bit state control circuit provided by the present invention for processing digital signals containing a set frequency.

[0091] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the quantum bit state control circuit provided by the present invention for processing the amplitude information output by the amplitude modulator.

[0092] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the quantum bit frequency control circuit provided by the present invention.

[0093] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the quantum bit state control and readout circuit provided by the present invention.

[0094] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the digital demodulation module in the quantum bit state control and readout circuit provided by the present invention.

[0095] In the attached diagram:

[0096] 111. Digitally controlled oscillator; 112. Phase modulator; 113. Amplitude modulator; 114. First sine / cosine lookup table; 115. First multiplexer; 116. Calibrator; 121. Digital signal generator for modulation; 124. Second sine / cosine lookup table; 125. Second multiplexer;

[0097] 10. Quantum bit state control circuit; 101. First digital modulation module; 102. First digital-to-analog converter module; 103. First signal processing module; 104. First memory module; 105. First amplifier module; 106. First attenuator module; 107. First filter module;

[0098] 20. Quantum bit frequency control circuit; 201. Voltage source module; 202. Pulse source module; 203. Bias resistor; 2021. Pulse generator; 2022. DAC converter;

[0099] 30. Measurement signal output circuit; 301. Second digital modulation module; 302. Second digital-to-analog conversion module; 303. Second signal processing module; 304. Second memory module; 305. Second amplifier module; 306. Second attenuator module; 307. Second filter module;

[0100] 40. Sampling signal reading circuit; 401. Isolation amplifier module; 402. Third signal processing module; 403. Analog-to-digital converter module; 404. Digital demodulation module; 405. Third memory module; 406. Third attenuator module; 407. Third filter module; 408. Third amplifier module; 4041. De-call digital signal generator; 4042. De-call multiplexer; 4043. De-call sine / cosine lookup table; 4044. IQ demodulator;

[0101] 50. Transmission line; 60. Quantum processor; 70. Host computer. Detailed Implementation

[0102] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this application. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0103] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0104] To reduce interference from the measurement and control system to the input signal of the quantum processor 60, this application discloses a digital modulation module, which is installed in a cooling device and includes:

[0105] A digital signal generation module is configured to output at least one set of digital signals with a preset frequency;

[0106] A multiplexer configured to select one set of digital signals generated by the digital signal generation module for output;

[0107] The calibrator 116 is configured to calibrate the digital signal selected by the multiplexer as the output signal of the digital modulation module.

[0108] The digital modulation module specifically includes the following five embodiments:

[0109] Example 1

[0110] like Figure 1 As shown: In this application, the digital signal generation module includes:

[0111] A digitally controlled oscillator 111 is configured to output two digital signals with a preset frequency. In this embodiment, the digitally controlled oscillator 111 includes a variable-mode counter and a lookup table. The variable-mode counter calculates the address required by the lookup table to retrieve data from an external memory module based on a frequency control word. The lookup table outputs two orthogonal digital signals with a preset frequency based on the corresponding phase-continuous addresses.

[0112] Phase modulator 112 is configured to output two digital signals with a preset frequency; specifically, in the phase modulator 112 of this embodiment, the two digital signals are respectively added to the phase information by corresponding adders to output two phase-modulated digital signals.

[0113] An amplitude modulator 113 is configured to modulate the amplitude of two phase-modulated digital signals according to the amplitude information. Specifically, in the amplitude modulator 113, the first and second digital signals after phase modulation are multiplied by the amplitude information by corresponding multipliers to finally obtain two digital signals with both amplitude and phase modulation.

[0114] The digitally controlled oscillator 111 generates the frequency and phase shift required by the quantum processor 60, reducing the number of multipliers and adders, significantly lowering power consumption. Furthermore, the digitally controlled oscillator 111 can determine the phase of the qubits, thereby achieving coherent operation. Compared to directly using SRAM to store all modulated waveform files, this reduces the requirements for external memory modules and is more suitable for low-temperature environments. The phase modulator 112 and amplitude modulator 113 can satisfy the pulse variability of the qubits. In this embodiment, the phase modulation is 10 bits, and the envelope modulation is 8 bits.

[0115] In this embodiment, the multiplexer is a first multiplexer 115. The input of the first multiplexer 115 is used to receive two digital signals after amplitude and phase modulation, as well as the amplitude information. The output of the first multiplexer 115 is used to output either the two digital signals or the amplitude information. Using the first multiplexer 115, a 2-to-1 selection between digital signals and amplitude information can be achieved. When digital signals are selected, the digital signals pass through a digital-to-analog converter module and a signal processing module, and the output is used as one input to the quantum processor 60 as a qubit state control signal, and the other input to the quantum processor 60 as a measurement signal. The measurement signal can optionally not use the amplitude and phase information functions in this scheme. When the amplitude information is selected as a DC signal, the amplitude information is converted into an analog amplitude signal by a digital-to-analog converter. The analog amplitude signal can be used as another input to the quantum processor 60 for qubit state control without going through a signal processing module. This signal meets the requirements of special gate processing operations in the quantum controller, such as performing qubit frequency adjustment by a single-qubit gate or a two-qubit gate. It should be noted that the amplitude modulator 113 can be an arbitrary waveform generator, and the use of the first multiplexer 115 can be used to detect whether the envelope signal generated by the arbitrary waveform generator meets the requirements.

[0116] The calibrator 116 is configured to calibrate the two digital signals output from the first multiplexer 115. Since the electronic components of the IQ modulator, which serves as the signal processing module at the back end of the digital modulation module, are not perfectly ideal, the amplitude and phase of the two input digital signals may become unbalanced and / or generate DC offset. This imbalance produces image components, and the offset affects the accuracy of the signal. Therefore, this application sets up the calibrator 116 to calibrate the two digital signals. For example, when the calibrator 116 calibrates the signal through image suppression, it is configured with setting parameters for the current state. As another example, when the calibrator 116 calibrates the signal by calibrating DC offset, it can correct DC imbalance and remove unwanted sideband tones. Specifically, it can obtain the DC offset value between the two digital signals. By obtaining the offset value multiple times, the calibrator 116 sets a calibration value, thereby achieving DC offset calibration.

[0117] The number of digital modulation modules can be multiple, for example, the same as the number of qubits, so that frequency signals for multiple qubits can be generated at the same time, thus having rich frequency multiplexing scalability.

[0118] Example 2

[0119] like Figure 2 As shown, the difference from Example 1 is that amplitude modulation is performed first, followed by phase modulation. The detailed process will not be described in detail.

[0120] Example 3

[0121] like Figure 3 As shown, the digital modulation module includes:

[0122] A digital signal generator 121 for modulation is configured to output a digital signal having a preset frequency;

[0123] The first sine / cosine lookup table 114 is configured to determine the sine / cosine function value of the corresponding frequency based on the preset frequency of the digital signal generated by the modulation digital signal generator 121, and output two digital signals corresponding to the sine / cosine function value. The sine / cosine lookup table retrieves data from the external memory module. Each time the modulation digital signal generator 121 sends a lookup address to the first sine / cosine lookup table 114, the sine / cosine lookup table checks whether the corresponding sine or cosine value is stored at the current lookup address in the external memory module. If the corresponding sine or cosine value is stored, the table outputs the stored current sine and current cosine values ​​to form two digital signals of the preset frequency, respectively. If the corresponding sine or cosine value is not stored, the table calculates the corresponding sine or cosine value based on the periodicity of the sine or cosine value, and outputs the calculated current sine and current cosine values ​​to form two digital signals of the preset frequency, respectively.

[0124] The phase modulator 112 and amplitude modulator 113 are the same as those in Embodiment 1, and will not be described again here.

[0125] The combined effect of the modulation digital signal generator 121 and the first sine and cosine lookup table 114 is the same as that of the digitally controlled oscillator 111 in Embodiment 1, and will not be described again here.

[0126] The functions and roles of the multiplexer and calibrator 116 are the same as in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0127] The number of digital modulation modules can be multiple, for example, the same as the number of qubits, so that frequency signals for multiple qubits can be generated at the same time, thus having rich frequency multiplexing scalability.

[0128] Example 4

[0129] like Figure 4 As shown, the difference from Example 3 is that amplitude modulation is performed first, followed by phase modulation. The detailed process will not be described in detail.

[0130] Example 5

[0131] like Figure 5 As shown, the digital signal generation module includes multiple digitally controlled oscillators 111, which output multiple sets of digital signals with preset frequencies. In the example, the number of oscillators is consistent with the number of qubits, so that frequency signals for multiple qubits can be generated at the same time, thus providing rich frequency multiplexing scalability. The multiplexer is a second multiplexer 125, which selects one set of digital signals with preset frequencies for output. In this embodiment, the multiplexer selects N*1, where N is the number of input channels and 1 is the number of output channels. The digital modulation module also includes a second sine / cosine lookup table 124, which is configured to determine the sine / cosine function value of the corresponding frequency based on the frequency of the selected set of digital signals with preset frequencies, and output two digital signals corresponding to the sine / cosine function values. The two digital signals are input to the calibrator 116 to calibrate the output. The calibrator 116 has the same effect as in Embodiment 1, and will not be described again here.

[0132] The digital modulation modules in the above five embodiments can all be used in a measurement and control system that is installed in a refrigeration device, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the measurement and control system includes components all connected to the quantum processor 60:

[0133] The quantum bit state control circuit 10 is used to control the quantum state information of the quantum processor 60;

[0134] The quantum bit frequency control circuit 20 is used to control the frequency parameters of the quantum processor 60;

[0135] Measurement signal output circuit 30 is configured to acquire a measurement signal to the quantum processor 60 and transmit the measurement signal to the quantum processor 60;

[0136] The sampling signal readout circuit 40 is configured to process the feedback signal output by the quantum processor 60 to obtain the quantum state information of the quantum processor 60.

[0137] The measurement signal output circuit 30 and the sampling signal reading circuit 40 constitute a quantum bit state control reading circuit. The quantum bit state control circuit, the quantum bit frequency control circuit, and the quantum bit state control reading circuit are integrated on one or more substrates according to the above different schemes. Specifically, they are integrated on one or more substrates through CMOS technology.

[0138] It should be noted that the measurement and control system also includes other technical solutions, such as only including the qubit state control circuit 10 and the qubit state control readout circuit, or only including the qubit frequency control circuit 20 and the qubit state control readout circuit, or only including the qubit state control readout circuit. Depending on the different solutions, the measurement and control system is integrated on one or more substrates using CMOS technology. Because of the different combination methods, this application describes each circuit separately, and the technical solutions can be combined to form different measurement and control systems.

[0139] In all the schemes of this application, the refrigeration equipment is a dilution refrigeration machine. It should be noted that the refrigeration equipment is not limited to dilution refrigeration machines in actual use.

[0140] Quantum bit state control circuit 10

[0141] like Figure 7 As shown, in order to reduce the interference of the qubit state control circuit 10 on the input signal of the quantum processor 60 in the measurement and control system, the qubit state control circuit 10 includes:

[0142] The first digital modulation module 101 is any one of the digital modulation modules described in Embodiments 1-4. The digital signals output by the first digital modulation module 101 are a first digital signal and a second digital signal. The first digital modulation module 101 is configured to adjust the quantum bit state control signal input to the quantum processor 60. The first digital signal and the second digital signal are orthogonal signals. The first digital modulation module 101 adopts DDS technology to directly synthesize the required waveform based on the phase concept. It has high frequency accuracy, short conversion time, high spectral purity, easy programming of frequency and phase, and the output frequency stability is the same as the system's overall stability.

[0143] A first digital-to-analog converter module 102 is configured to process the first digital signal and the second digital signal into a first analog signal and a second analog signal;

[0144] The first signal processing module 103 is configured to perform frequency conversion processing on the first analog signal and the second analog signal according to the operating frequency of the qubit and output the qubit state control signal as input to the quantum processor 60 by the qubit state control circuit 10.

[0145] The quantum bit state control circuit 10 further includes a first memory module 104 communicatively connected to the first digital modulation module 101, which is configured to store frequency control words, amplitude information, and phase information. The first memory module 104 can be a storage unit inside the first digital modulation module 101 or a separate storage module outside the first digital modulation module 101.

[0146] In one alternative, a first amplifier module 105 is provided before and / or after the first signal processing module 103. The first amplifier module 105 at the front end is a VGA (variable gain amplifier) ​​amplifier, and the first amplifier module 105 at the back end is a first driver amplifier. In one embodiment, a VGA amplifier (not shown in the figure) is provided at the front end of the signal processor, and a driver amplifier is provided at the back end. The VGA amplifier amplifies the analog signal before IQ modulation. In another embodiment, such as... Figure 7 As shown, a drive amplifier is set at the rear end of the first signal processing module 103.

[0147] In an optional embodiment, the control circuit further includes a first attenuator module 106, which is configured to attenuate the signal input to the quantum processor 60 by the control circuit. The first attenuator module 106 can precisely control the signal amplitude and noise. Combined with the first amplifier module 105, the first attenuator module 106 corrects the signal.

[0148] In an optional embodiment, the control circuit further includes a first filter module 107, which is configured to filter out interference signals input to the quantum processor 60 from the control circuit. The first filter module 107 can filter out unwanted tones / harmonics from the signals input to the quantum processor 60.

[0149] The qubit state control circuit 10 in this application serves as the framework circuit support in extremely low temperature environments, which can minimize power consumption and reduce the space occupied in the cooling equipment. In addition, both the qubit state control circuit 10 and the quantum processor 60 are located inside the cooling equipment, which shortens the transmission line 50 and avoids large changes in ambient temperature, thereby reducing noise input and improving data controllability.

[0150] like Figures 1-8 As shown, the working principle of the qubit state control circuit 10 is as follows:

[0151] The host computer 70 converts the user's task into transmittable information and sends the corresponding task information signal to the first memory module 104 in the quantum control system via the transmission line 50; the signal includes frequency control word, amplitude information, phase information, and calibration information.

[0152] The digital signal generator in the digital modulation module obtains the frequency control word and outputs a digital signal with a set frequency. Then, it passes through a sine and cosine lookup table or directly outputs a first digital signal and a second digital signal with a preset frequency and orthogonality through the digital control oscillator 111.

[0153] Phase modulator 112 and amplitude modulator 113 perform phase modulation and amplitude modulation on the first digital signal and the second digital signal, respectively, ultimately forming an output digital signal whose amplitude and phase are both modulated. The modulated digital signal and the amplitude signal output by amplitude modulator 113 are selected by a multiplexer. The output can be selected to simultaneously choose the first and second digital signals, or it can be selected to output the amplitude signal from amplitude modulator 113. Figure 7 As shown, when the first digital signal and the second digital signal are selected, the two digital signals enter the calibrator 116 for calibration, and are finally output to the first digital-to-analog converter module 102 for digital-to-analog conversion. Then, they are subjected to IQ modulation by the first signal processing module 103 to obtain the modulated signal. Figure 8 As shown, when an amplitude signal is selected, the amplitude signal is treated as a DC signal and outputs a corresponding amplitude digital signal through the first digital-to-analog converter module 102. The amplitude digital signal and the modulated signal are processed by the first amplifier module 105, the first attenuator module 106, and the first filter module 107, thereby reducing the noise input to the quantum processor 60 and optimizing the input qubit state control signal.

[0154] Quantum bit frequency control circuit 20

[0155] like Figure 9 As shown, the quantum bit frequency control circuit 20 includes:

[0156] Voltage source module 201 is configured to provide a low-frequency quasi-DC signal to quantum processor 60, the low-frequency quasi-DC signal adjusting the operating frequency of the quantum bits for the quantum bits to perform single-bit gate operations.

[0157] The pulse source module 202 is configured to provide pulse signals to the quantum processor 60, the pulse signals adjusting the operating frequency of the qubits for the qubits to perform two-bit gate operations.

[0158] Bias unit 203 is configured to inject the low-frequency quasi-DC signal and pulse signal into vector processor 60.

[0159] The pulse source module 202 includes a connected pulse generator 2021 and a DAC converter 2022, which converts the pulse signal generated by the pulse generator 2021 into an analog signal. Specifically, the number of pulse source modules 202 is 3m+1, where m is the number of qubits.

[0160] Measurement signal output circuit 30

[0161] like Figure 9 As shown, the measurement signal output circuit 30 includes:

[0162] The second digital modulation module 301 is configured to adjust the output signal of the qubit state input to the quantum processor 60; the second digital modulation module 301 is the digital modulation module described in Embodiments 1-5, and the output digital signal is the third digital signal and the fourth digital signal. It should be noted that when the second digital modulation module 301 uses the scheme of Embodiments 1-4, the phase modulator 112 and the amplitude modulator 113 may not be used or their use will not affect the waveform.

[0163] The second digital-to-analog converter module 302 is configured to process the third digital signal and the fourth digital signal into a third analog signal and a third analog signal;

[0164] The second signal processing module 303 is configured to perform frequency conversion processing on the third and fourth analog signals according to the frequency of the qubits and output a qubit state modulation output signal as input to the quantum processor 60 as a modulation circuit. The second signal processing module 303 is an IQ modulator.

[0165] The measurement signal output circuit 30 further includes a second memory module 304 that is communicatively connected to the second digital modulation module 301. It is configured to store frequency control words. The second memory module 304 can be a storage unit inside the second digital modulation module 301 or a separate storage module outside the second digital modulation module 301.

[0166] In an optional embodiment, a second amplifier module 305 is provided before and / or after the second signal processing module 303. The second amplifier module 305 at the front end is a VGA (variable gain amplifier) ​​amplifier, and the second amplifier module 305 at the rear end is a second driver amplifier. In one embodiment, a VGA amplifier (not shown in the figure) is provided at the front end of the signal processor, and a driver amplifier is provided at the rear end. The VGA amplifier amplifies the analog signal before IQ modulation. In another embodiment, such as... Figure 9 As shown, a drive amplifier is set at the rear end of the second signal processing module 303.

[0167] In an optional embodiment, the control circuit further includes a second attenuator module 306, which is configured to attenuate the signal input from the control circuit to the quantum processor 60. The second attenuator module 306 can precisely control the signal amplitude and noise. Combined with the second amplifier module 305, the second attenuator module 306 serves to correct the signal.

[0168] In an optional embodiment, the control circuit further includes a second filter module 307, which is configured to filter out interference signals input to the quantum processor 60 from the control circuit. The second filter module 307 can filter out unwanted tones / harmonics from the signals input to the quantum processor 60.

[0169] The measurement signal output circuit 30 described in this application serves as a framework circuit support in extremely low temperature environments, which can minimize power consumption and reduce the space occupied in the refrigeration equipment. In addition, both the measurement signal output circuit 30 and the quantum processor 60 are located inside the refrigeration equipment, which shortens the transmission line 50 and avoids large changes in ambient temperature, thereby reducing noise input and improving data controllability.

[0170] Sampling signal reading circuit 40

[0171] like Figure 10 As shown, the sampling signal reading circuit 40 includes:

[0172] An isolation amplification module 401 is configured to isolate the analog signal output by the quantum processor 60 from the back-end module and amplify and output the analog signal.

[0173] The third signal processing module 402 is configured to perform down-conversion processing on the signal output by the isolation amplifier module 401.

[0174] Analog-to-digital conversion module 403 is configured to convert the analog signal after down-conversion processing by third signal processing module 402 into a digital signal;

[0175] The digital demodulation module 404 is configured to demodulate the digital signal output by the analog-to-digital conversion module 403 and output digital information characterizing the state of the qubit.

[0176] The isolation amplification module 401 includes:

[0177] The circulator, with its first port connected to the output of the quantum processor 60, is configured for directional transmission of the signal from the output of the quantum processor 60; the circulator's directional transmission function enables the isolation effect.

[0178] A third amplifier is configured to amplify the feedback signal output by the quantum processor 60. In this configuration, the third amplifier includes a Josephson junction parameter amplifier and a gallium nitride high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) located at two ports of the circulator. The other port of the circulator receives the sampled signal output by the quantum processor 60, and the output of the HEMT serves as the output of the isolation amplification module 401.

[0179] like Figure 11 As shown, the digital demodulation module 404 includes:

[0180] The demodulated digital signal generator 4041 is configured to obtain multiple sets of digital signals with preset frequencies. The number of sets of digital signals that the demodulated digital signal generator 4041 can output is the same as the number of digital modulation modules in the second digital modulation module 301, and the preset frequencies correspond one-to-one with the preset frequencies of all digital signals that the second digital modulation module 301 can output.

[0181] Demultiplexer 4042 is used to select one of a set of digital signals with preset frequencies;

[0182] Decall the sine and cosine lookup table 4043, which is configured to output a fifth digital signal and a sixth digital signal corresponding to the sine and cosine function values ​​based on the preset frequency of the selected digital signal.

[0183] IQ demodulator 4044 is configured to perform IQ demodulation on the digital signal output by analog-to-digital converter 403 based on the fifth and sixth digital signals output by the demodulation sine and cosine lookup table 4043, thereby obtaining digital information characterizing the state of the qubit.

[0184] The sampling signal reading circuit 40 further includes a third memory module 405 that is communicatively connected to the digital demodulation module 404. The third memory module 405 is used to store frequency control words. The third memory module 405 can be a storage unit inside the digital demodulation module 404 or a separate storage module outside the digital demodulation module 404.

[0185] In an optional embodiment, the sampling signal reading circuit 40 further includes a third attenuator module 406, which is configured to attenuate the signal output from the quantum processor 60 to the sampling signal reading circuit 40. The third attenuator module 406 can accurately output signal amplitude and noise. Combined with the third amplifier module 408, the third attenuator module 406 serves to correct the signal.

[0186] In an optional embodiment, the sampling and reading circuit further includes a third filter module 407, which is configured to filter out interference signals output from the quantum processor 60 to the sampling signal reading circuit 40. The third filter module 407 can filter out unwanted tones / harmonics in the signal output from the quantum processor 60.

[0187] Based on the same concept, this application also proposes a quantum computer. The quantum computer is connected to a host computer 70 via a transmission line 50. The host computer 70 first receives the user's quantum computing task, processes the task and forms a quantum circuit, and then maps the quantum circuit into the topology of the corresponding quantum processor 60. The quantum circuit contains the quantum logic gates required for the quantum computing task, the measurement operations for the final quantum computing result, and the timing of each operation. When the aforementioned measurement and control system receives this information contained in the quantum circuit, it converts this information into corresponding instructions to enable the corresponding hardware devices to operate and complete the quantum computing task.

[0188] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "some embodiments" or "example" indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0189] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute any limitation on the present invention. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions and content disclosed in the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall be deemed to have remained within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A digital modulation module, characterized by, The application is arranged in a refrigeration device, comprising: a digital signal generation module configured to output at least one set of digital signals with preset frequencies; a multiplexer configured to select one set of digital signals generated by the digital signal generation module as output; a calibrator configured to calibrate the digital signals selected by the multiplexer as output signals of the digital modulation module; the calibrator is used to solve the imbalance of the amplitude and phase of the input two-way digital signals or the generation of DC offset; when the signal is calibrated by image rejection, the calibrator is configured with a set parameter in the current state; the calibrator obtains the DC offset value between the two-way digital signals, and sets the calibration value by obtaining the offset value multiple times to realize the calibration of the DC offset.

2. The digital modulation module of claim 1, wherein, The digital signal generation module comprises: a digital control oscillator configured to output two digital signals with preset frequencies; a phase modulator configured to directly modulate the phase of the two digital signals according to phase information; an amplitude modulator configured to modulate the amplitude of the two digital signals according to amplitude information.

3. The digital modulation module of claim 1, wherein, The digital signal generation module comprises: a modulation digital signal generator configured to output digital signals with preset frequencies; a first sine / cosine lookup table configured to determine the sine / cosine function value corresponding to the preset frequency of the digital signal generated by the modulation digital signal generator, and output two digital signals corresponding to the sine / cosine function value; a phase modulator configured to directly modulate the phase of the digital signal according to phase information, or modulate the phase of the two digital signals; an amplitude modulator configured to modulate the amplitude of the two digital signals according to amplitude information.

4. A digital modulation module as claimed in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The input end of the multiplexer is used to receive the two digital signals after amplitude and phase modulation and the amplitude information; the output end is used to output the two digital signals and / or the amplitude information, the two digital signals are input into the calibrator, and the amplitude information is used as one-way output signal of the digital modulation module.

5. The digital modulation module of claim 1, wherein, The number of the digital signal generation module is multiple, which is configured to generate frequency signals for multiple quantum bits at the same time.

6. The digital modulation module of claim 5, wherein, The digital modulation module further comprises: a second sine / cosine lookup table configured to determine the sine / cosine function value corresponding to the frequency of the selected one set of digital signals with preset frequencies, and output two digital signals corresponding to the sine / cosine function value, the two digital signals being input into the calibrator for calibration output.

7. A measurement and control system, characterized by The application comprises a qubit state control circuit arranged in a refrigeration device and connected with a quantum processor in the refrigeration device, which is configured to control the quantum state information of the quantum processor; the qubit state control circuit comprises a first digital modulation module, the first digital modulation module being the digital modulation module of any one of claims 2-4, the digital signals output by the first digital modulation module being a first digital signal and a second digital signal, and the first digital modulation module being configured to adjust the qubit state control signal input into the quantum processor. a measurement signal output circuit configured to obtain a measurement signal of the quantum processor and transmit the measurement signal to the quantum processor; a sampling signal reading circuit configured to process a feedback signal output by the quantum processor to obtain quantum state information of the quantum processor.

8. The monitoring system of claim 7, wherein, The qubit state control circuit further comprises: a first digital-to-analog conversion module configured to process the first digital signal and the second digital signal into a first analog signal and a second analog signal; a first signal processing module configured to perform frequency conversion processing on the first analog signal and the second analog signal according to the operating frequency of the qubit and output a qubit state control signal as an input of the qubit state control circuit to the quantum processor.

9. The system of claim 7 or 8, wherein, The measurement signal output circuit comprises: a second digital modulation module configured to output a third digital signal and a fourth digital signal of a predetermined frequency; a second digital-to-analog conversion module configured to process the third digital signal and the fourth digital signal into a third analog signal and a fourth analog signal; a second signal processing module configured to perform frequency conversion processing on the third analog signal and the fourth analog signal according to the frequency of the qubit and output a qubit state control output signal as an input of the control circuit to the quantum processor.

10. The monitoring system of claim 9, wherein, The second digital modulation module is the digital modulation module of any one of claims 1-6, the digital signal output by the second digital modulation module is a third digital signal and a fourth digital signal, and the second digital modulation module is configured to adjust the qubit state control output signal input to the quantum processor.

11. A measurement and control system, characterized by A qubit state control circuit configured to control quantum state information of the quantum processor; a measurement signal output circuit configured to obtain a measurement signal of the quantum processor and transmit the measurement signal to the quantum processor; the measurement signal output circuit comprises a second digital modulation module, the second digital modulation module is the digital modulation module of any one of claims 1-6, the digital signal output by the second digital modulation module is a third digital signal and a fourth digital signal, and the second digital modulation module is configured to adjust the qubit state control output signal input to the quantum processor; a sampling signal reading circuit configured to process a feedback signal output by the quantum processor to obtain quantum state information of the quantum processor. The measurement signal output circuit further comprises 12. The monitoring system of claim 11, wherein, a second digital-to-analog conversion module configured to process the third digital signal and the fourth digital signal into a third analog signal and a fourth analog signal; a second signal processing module configured to perform frequency conversion processing on the third analog signal and the fourth analog signal according to the frequency of the qubit and output a qubit state control output signal as an input of the control circuit to the quantum processor. The qubit state control circuit comprises:

13. The measurement and control system as described in claim 11, characterized in that, ​ The first digital modulation module is configured to modulate the amplitude and phase of a digital signal with a preset frequency, and output a first digital signal and a second digital signal. The first digital-to-analog conversion module is configured to process the first digital signal and the second digital signal into a first analog signal and a second analog signal. The first signal processing module is configured to perform frequency conversion processing on the first analog signal and the second analog signal according to the operating frequency of the qubit, and output a qubit state regulation signal as an input of the quantum processor.

14. A measurement and control system, characterized by The quantum processor is connected to a quantum processor in a refrigeration device The qubit frequency regulation circuit is configured to regulate the frequency parameter of the quantum processor. The measurement signal output circuit is configured to obtain a measurement signal of the quantum processor and transmit the measurement signal to the quantum processor; the measurement signal output circuit comprises a second digital modulation module, the second digital modulation module being the digital modulation module of any one of claims 1-6, the digital signal output by the second digital modulation module being a third digital signal and a fourth digital signal, and the second digital modulation module being configured to adjust the qubit state regulation output signal input into the quantum processor. The sampling signal reading circuit is configured to process the feedback signal output by the quantum processor to obtain quantum state information of the quantum processor.

15. The measurement and control system as described in claim 14, characterized in that, The qubit frequency regulation circuit comprises: The voltage source module is configured to output a low-frequency collimated direct current signal; The pulse source module is configured to output a pulse signal; The biasing device is configured to bias process the low-frequency collimated direct current signal and the pulse signal, and transmit the processed low-frequency collimated direct current signal and pulse signal to the quantum processor.

16. The monitoring system of claim 15, wherein, The voltage value output by the voltage source module varies within a set positive and negative interval.

17. The monitoring and control system of claim 14, wherein, The measurement signal output circuit further comprises: The second digital-to-analog conversion module is configured to process the third digital signal and the fourth digital signal into a third analog signal and a fourth analog signal; The second signal processing module is configured to perform frequency conversion processing on the third analog signal and the fourth analog signal according to the frequency of the qubit, and output a qubit state regulation output signal as an input of the quantum processor.

18. The monitoring and control system of claim 14, wherein, The quantum processor is connected to a quantum processor in a refrigeration device 19. The monitoring system of claim 18, wherein, The qubit frequency regulation circuit is configured to regulate the frequency parameter of the quantum processor. The measurement signal output circuit is configured to obtain a measurement signal of the quantum processor and transmit the measurement signal to the quantum processor; the measurement signal output circuit comprises a second digital modulation module, the second digital modulation module being the digital modulation module of any one of claims 1-6, the digital signal output by the second digital modulation module being a third digital signal and a fourth digital signal, and the second digital modulation module being configured to adjust the qubit state regulation output signal input into the quantum processor. The sampling signal reading circuit is configured to process the feedback signal output by the quantum processor to obtain quantum state information of the quantum processor. The qubit frequency regulation circuit comprises: The voltage source module is configured to output a low-frequency collimated direct current signal; The pulse source module is configured to output a pulse signal; The biasing device is configured to bias process the low-frequency collimated direct current signal and the pulse signal, and transmit the processed low-frequency collimated direct current signal and pulse signal to the quantum processor. The voltage value output by the voltage source module varies within a set positive and negative interval. The measurement signal output circuit further comprises: The second digital-to-analog conversion module is configured to process the third digital signal and the fourth digital signal into a third analog signal and a fourth analog signal; The second signal processing module is configured to perform frequency conversion processing on the third analog signal and the fourth analog signal according to the frequency of the qubit, and output a qubit state regulation output signal as an input of the quantum processor. The quantum processor is connected to a quantum processor in a refrigeration device The qubit frequency regulation circuit is configured to regulate the frequency parameter of the quantum processor. The measurement signal output circuit is configured to obtain a measurement signal of the quantum processor and transmit the measurement signal to the quantum processor; the measurement signal output circuit comprises a second digital modulation module, the second digital modulation module being the digital modulation module of any one of claims 1-6, the digital signal output by the second digital modulation module being a third digital signal and a fourth digital signal, and the second digital modulation module being configured to adjust the qubit state regulation output signal input into the quantum processor. The sampling signal reading circuit is configured to process the feedback signal output by the quantum processor to obtain quantum state information of the quantum processor. The qubit frequency regulation circuit comprises: The voltage source module is configured to output a low-frequency collimated direct current signal; The pulse source module is configured to output a pulse signal; The biasing device is configured to bias process the low-frequency collimated direct current signal and the pulse signal, and transmit the processed low-frequency collimated direct current signal and pulse signal to the quantum processor. The voltage value output by the voltage source module varies within a set positive and negative interval. The first signal processing module is configured to perform frequency conversion processing on the first analog signal and the second analog signal according to the operating frequency of the qubit and output a qubit state control signal as an input of the control circuit to the quantum processor.

20. The system according to claim 7, 11 or 14, wherein, The sampling signal reading circuit comprises: The isolation amplification module is configured to isolate the analog signal output by the quantum processor from the backend module and amplify and output the analog signal; The third signal processing module is configured to perform frequency down-conversion processing on the signal output by the isolation amplification module; The analog-to-digital conversion module is configured to convert the analog signal processed by the third signal processing module into a digital signal; The digital demodulation module is configured to perform demodulation processing on the digital signal output by the analog-to-digital conversion module and output digital information representing the state of the qubit.

21. The monitoring and control system of claim 20, wherein, The isolation amplification module comprises: The circulator is connected to the output end of the quantum processor at the first port and is configured to perform directional transmission of the signal at the output end of the quantum processor; The third amplifier is configured to perform amplification processing on the feedback signal output by the quantum processor.

22. The monitoring system of claim 20, wherein, The digital demodulation module comprises: The demodulation digital signal generator is configured to obtain a plurality of groups of preset frequency digital signals; The demodulation multiplexer is used to select one group of preset frequency digital signals; The demodulation cosine lookup table is configured to output a fifth digital signal and a sixth digital signal corresponding to the cosine function value corresponding to the selected preset frequency of the digital signal according to the cosine function value corresponding to the selected preset frequency of the digital signal; The IQ demodulator is configured to perform IQ demodulation on the digital signal output by the analog-to-digital conversion module according to the fifth digital signal and the sixth digital signal output by the demodulation cosine lookup table to obtain digital information representing the state of the qubit.

23. The system according to claim 7, 11 or 14, wherein The control system further comprises a memory module configured to send a frequency control word to the corresponding digital modulation module or digital demodulation module, send phase information and amplitude information to the phase modulator and amplitude modulator, and send the cosine value of the corresponding frequency to the demodulation cosine lookup table.

24. The system according to claim 7 or 11 or 18, wherein, The control system further comprises a plurality of attenuator modules configured to attenuate the analog signals input by the qubit state control circuit and the measurement signal output circuit to the quantum processor and the feedback signal output by the quantum processor, respectively.

25. The system of claim 7 or 11 or 18 or 24, wherein, The control system further comprises a plurality of filter modules configured to filter out interference signals in the qubit state control circuit, the measurement signal output circuit, and the feedback signal output by the quantum processor.

26. The system of claim 7 or 11 or 14 or 24 or 25, wherein, The qubit state control circuit, the qubit frequency control circuit, the measurement signal output circuit, and the sampling signal reading circuit are integrated on one or more substrates.

27. The monitoring and control system of claim 26, wherein, The qubit state control circuit, the qubit frequency control circuit, the measurement signal output circuit, and the sampling signal reading circuit are integrated on one or more substrates by CMOS technology.

28. A quantum computer, comprising: The control system of any one of claims 7-27 is used to send control signals and measurement signals to the quantum processor and process the feedback signal output by the quantum processor.

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