A single- and double-film switchable compact liquid target based on W-shaped water cooling

Abstract

The present invention discloses a single- and double-film switchable compact liquid target based on W-type water cooling. The liquid target is provided with: a beam limiting flange, a KF series clamp, a titanium film mounting and fixing block, a titanium film, a helium chamber and a helium chamber connecting flange, a Havar film, a target body and a target body cooling water flow channel mounting block in sequence along the direction of beam injection; the feature is that: the titanium film is a film that can be selectively installed on the liquid target, and the liquid target is switched from double mode to single mode in a non-destructive manner: a concave groove opening outward is provided on the target body, and a target body cooling water diversion baffle is respectively installed on the two channels of the target body concave groove, and the target body cooling water diversion baffle diverts the cooling water flowing into the target body. The present invention increases the cooling capacity in the depth direction under the premise of ensuring that the target body shape remains unchanged and the back cooling capacity remains unchanged, and realizes the rapid switching of the single-film liquid target and the double-film liquid target, maximizing the beam efficiency and thus maximizing the isotope production capacity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of liquid targets, and more specifically, to a single- and double-film switchable compact liquid target based on W-type water cooling. Background Art

[0002] Radioactive isotope liquid targets are usually composed of a beam pipe flange, a beam collimator, a target body flange, a vacuum membrane, a target membrane, a target body and a cooling system. The liquid target mainly relies on the nuclear reaction of the particle beam passing through the target membrane and acting on the target liquid to produce the corresponding radioactive isotopes.

[0003] One of the difficulties in designing radioactive isotope liquid targets is that the particle beam will generate high temperature when passing through the target film and reacting with the target liquid, which will cause the target liquid to boil and generate high pressure. In order to ensure the normal and stable operation of the liquid target, the role of the cooling system is particularly critical. In the past, the conventional design method was to design a serpentine flow channel or micro flow channel at the rear end of the target body to the position of the target cavity. Although this method solves the heat dissipation problem of the target body to a certain extent, due to the low thermal conductivity of niobium material (53.7W / mK), the conventional design method only ensures that the liquid target can dissipate heat well when it is close to the cooling system at the back of the target film away from the target film, and cannot ensure good heat dissipation at the front end of the liquid target close to the target film.

[0004] The second difficulty in designing radioisotope liquid targets is that high-energy dual-mode liquid targets and low-energy single-mode liquid targets cannot be used interchangeably. When one of the dual modes of the high-energy liquid target is disassembled, the disassembly site is damaged and the other film cannot be used. This has resulted in the long-term use of liquid targets of different energies independently and not mixed. High-energy liquid targets cannot be used for low-energy beams, and low-energy liquid targets cannot be used for high-energy beams. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes a single- and double-film switchable compact liquid target based on W-shaped water cooling. The first purpose is to solve the problem that the conventional liquid target design method only ensures that the back side of the liquid target away from the target film close to the cooling system can dissipate heat well, but cannot ensure good heat dissipation at the front end of the liquid target close to the target film; the second purpose is to solve the problem that high-energy dual-mode liquid targets and low-energy single-mode liquid targets are not compatible.

[0006] The present invention proposes the following technical solutions to solve the technical problems:

[0007] A single- and double-film switchable compact liquid target based on W-shaped water cooling, the liquid target being provided with: a beam limiting flange (1), a KF series clamp (8), a beam limiting flange sealing ring (9-1), a titanium film mounting fixing block (2), a titanium film (7), a helium chamber and a helium chamber connecting flange (3), a Havar film (6), a target body (4) and a target body cooling water channel mounting block (5); the KF series clamp (8) and the beam limiting flange sealing ring (9-1) are used to connect the beam limiting flange (1) and the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange (3); the titanium film mounting fixing block (2) and the titanium film mounting screw (1 0) is used to fix the titanium film (7); the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange (3) and the target body (4) are used to assist in fixing the Havar film (6); the target body (4) is fixed by the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange (3) and the target body cooling water flow channel mounting block (5); a target body cooling water inlet joint (13-1) and a target body cooling water outlet joint (13-2) are respectively provided on the outer end surface of the target body cooling water flow channel mounting block (5), and cooling water flows through the target body (4) through the target body cooling water inlet joint (13-1) and the target body cooling water outlet joint (13-2) to cool the target body (4); it is characterized in that:

[0008] The titanium film (7) is a film that can be optionally installed on the liquid target, and the Havar film (6) is a base film of the liquid target; after the titanium film (7) that can be optionally installed on the liquid target is removed, the Havar film can still work normally, so that the liquid target is switched from dual mode to single mode without damage:

[0009] A concave groove opening outward is provided on the target body (4), and two vertical channels of the concave groove opening outward are respectively connected to the target body cooling water inlet joint (13-1) and the target body cooling water outlet joint 13-2. A target body cooling water diversion baffle (15) is respectively installed on the two channels of the concave groove of the target body (4), and the target body cooling water diversion baffle (15) diverts the cooling water flowing into the target body. The target body (4), the target body cooling water flow channel mounting block (5) and the target body cooling water diversion baffle (15) are sealed into a surrounding W-shaped water channel, and the back and side of the target cavity are simultaneously subjected to surrounding water cooling.

[0010] Furthermore, the removable titanium membrane (7) and the titanium membrane mounting and fixing block (2) are embedded in the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange (3): a removable titanium membrane mounting and fixing block (2) is fixed with a titanium membrane mounting screw (10) on the inner side of the end surface of the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange (3) close to the beam limiting flange (1), and by installing or removing the titanium membrane mounting and fixing block (2), the titanium membrane (7) can be installed on the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange (3) or removed from the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange (3).

[0011] Furthermore, when the titanium film (7) is selected for installation, the liquid target is used as a liquid target with helium cooling, in which case the titanium film (7) acts as a vacuum film and the Havar film (6) acts as a target film; when the titanium film (7) is not selected, there is no need to install the titanium film auxiliary fixing block (2), the titanium film (7) and the titanium film mounting screws (10) and the second sealing ring (9-2) of the helium chamber connecting flange at this position, as well as the second sealing ring (9-3) of the helium chamber connecting flange. In this case, the liquid target is used as a liquid target without helium cooling, and the Havar film (6) acts as both a vacuum film and a target film.

[0012] Furthermore, the depth of the concave groove matches the axial height of the target (4); the widths of the two vertical channels of the concave groove are based on the standard of facilitating target flow diversion after a target flow diversion baffle (15) is installed in each channel.

[0013] Furthermore, the target flow dividing baffle (15) is arranged in the middle of each vertical channel of the target concave groove, and the upper end of the target flow dividing baffle (15) is respectively close to the inner diameter of the target cooling water inlet joint (13-1) and the target cooling water outlet joint (13-2) and extends into the vertical channel of the concave groove, and the lower end of the target flow dividing baffle (15) is suspended relative to the bottom of the concave groove and flows out a set gap, and the cooling water passes through the set gap and flows out from the target cooling water outlet joint (13-2). The cooling water flows from one side of the target diverter baffle (15) corresponding to the cooling water inlet joint (13-1) to the other side, and from the other side, along the direction from the water inlet to the water outlet, flows to one side of another target diverter baffle (15), and flows from one side of another target cooling water diverter baffle (15) to the other side of another target cooling water diverter baffle (15), and flows out of the cooling water flow channel mounting block (5) from the other side of another target cooling water diverter baffle (15).

[0014] Furthermore, two raised outer rings (1-1) and an inner ring (1-2) are provided on the inner side of the end surface of the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange (3) close to the beam limiting flange (1), and a circle of threaded holes is provided on the raised outer ring. The titanium film mounting fixing block (2) is threadedly connected to the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange (3) through the threaded holes, and is embedded in the inner side of the end surface of the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange (3) close to the beam limiting flange (1).

[0015] Furthermore, the detachable titanium membrane (7) is installed between the first sealing ring (9-2) of the helium chamber connecting flange and the second sealing ring (9-3) of the helium chamber connecting flange which are tightly attached to each other; the first sealing ring (9-2) of the helium chamber connecting flange and the second sealing ring (9-3) of the helium chamber connecting flange are installed on the first sealing ring groove (3-1) of the helium chamber connecting flange and the second sealing ring groove (3-2) of the helium chamber connecting flange respectively; the first sealing ring groove (3-1) of the helium chamber connecting flange is opened between the outer ring and the inner ring of the two protrusions; the second sealing ring groove (3-2) of the helium chamber connecting flange is opened on the end surface of the detachable titanium membrane installation fixing block (2) opposite to the first sealing ring (9-2) of the helium chamber connecting flange.

[0016] Furthermore, the diameter of the second sealing ring groove (3-2) of the helium chamber connecting flange is smaller than the diameter of the first sealing ring groove (3-1) of the helium chamber connecting flange.

[0017] Furthermore, the target cooling water channel mounting block (5) is mounted on the target (4) in a wrapping manner.

[0018] Furthermore, the target body (4) is made of niobium, and the target body cooling water channel mounting block (5) is made of copper.

[0019] Advantages and effects of the present invention

[0020] 1. The present invention makes full use of the target cooling water channel mounting block 5, the target cooling water diversion baffle 16 and the microchannel on the target 4 to form a W-shaped surround water cooling for the target cavity. Compared with the prior art that only cools the back, the present invention increases the cooling capacity in the depth direction while ensuring that the shape of the target 4 and the cooling capacity of the back remain unchanged. At the same time, it better avoids the occurrence of dead water areas and eddy current areas, better realizes the heat dissipation of the target cavity, and has significant progress.

[0021] 2. The present invention makes full use of the beam limiting flange 1 and the plug 16 to form an annular water cooling for the beam limiting channel. Compared with the prior art which only dissipates heat in three directions, the present invention increases the cooling capacity in the last direction, better realizes the heat dissipation of the beam limiting channel, and is a significant improvement.

[0022] 3. The present invention ingeniously utilizes the titanium film mounting fixing block 2 and the titanium film mounting screws 10 to realize the installation and removal of the titanium film 7, and can realize the rapid switching of the single-film liquid target and the double-film liquid target according to the beam parameters, thereby maximizing the beam efficiency and thus maximizing the isotope production capacity.

[0023] 4. The present invention ingeniously utilizes the KF series clamp 8 to realize the rapid separation and installation of the beam limiting flange 1 and the helium chamber connecting flange 3, and can conveniently maintain the rear end part including the helium chamber connecting flange 3. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1a This is the appearance diagram of the single- and double-film switchable compact liquid target based on W-shaped water cooling of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 1b This is the first perspective of the cross-sectional view of the single- and double-film switchable compact liquid target based on W-shaped water cooling of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 1c This is the second perspective of the cross-sectional view of the single- and double-film switchable compact liquid target based on W-shaped water cooling of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the W-shaped cooling water channel of the present invention from a first viewing angle;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the W-shaped cooling water channel of the present invention from a second viewing angle;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the detachable titanium film installation fixing block on the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange of the present invention from a first viewing angle;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the detachable titanium film installation fixing block on the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange of the present invention from a second viewing angle;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the KF series clamp of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is the first perspective of the cooling water of the beam limiting flange of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is the second viewing angle of the cooling water of the beam limiting flange of the present invention;

[0034] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the target cavity design of the target body of the present invention;

[0035] In the figure: 1: beam limiting flange; 1-1: outer ring; 1-2: inner ring; 2: titanium membrane mounting and fixing block; 3: helium chamber and helium chamber connecting flange; 3-1: first sealing ring groove of helium chamber connecting flange; 3-2: second sealing ring groove of helium chamber connecting flange; 4-target; 4-1: W-shaped water tank; 5: target cooling water channel mounting block, 6: Havar membrane, 7: titanium membrane, 8: KF series clamp, 9-1: beam limiting flange sealing ring; 9-2: first sealing ring groove of helium chamber connecting flange Sealing ring; 9-3: second sealing ring of helium chamber connecting flange; 9-4: third sealing ring of helium chamber connecting flange; 9-5: fourth sealing ring of helium chamber connecting flange; 9-6: target body sealing ring; 10: titanium film mounting screw, 11: beam limiting flange cooling water connector, 12: target liquid / helium dual channel connector, 13-1: target body cooling water inlet connector; 13-2: target body cooling water outlet connector, 14: helium chamber gas path connector, 15: target body cooling water diversion baffle, 16: plug; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] Design principle of the present invention

[0037] One of the innovative points: The target body 4 cooling water diversion baffle 15 forces the cooling water to be diverted from the bottom of the baffle when passing through it, thus forming a W-shaped flow. If the target body cooling water diversion baffle 15 is not provided, even if the target body is provided with a concave groove, once the water in the concave groove is filled, the water in the two vertical channels of the concave groove will no longer flow, and the cooling water can only flow in the I-shaped horizontal channel of the concave groove. In this way, only the back of the target body can be circulated and cooled, but not the two sides of the target body. After the target body cooling water diversion baffle 15 is provided, the cooling water must be forced to be diverted and refluxed at the lower end of the diversion baffle. Since the length of the diversion baffle matches the height or thickness of the target body, surrounding cooling of the back and both sides of the target body is achieved. The cost of surrounding cooling is only two baffles instead of pipes that take up too much space.

[0038] Innovation point 2: The titanium film 7 and the titanium film mounting fixing block 2 are embedded in the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange 3, and the beam limiting flange 1 and the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange 3 are connected by the KF series clamp 8; if it is not embedded but externally installed, when the titanium film 7 is removed, the liquid target will be damaged at the removal location, making the liquid target unusable; if it is only embedded without the KF series clamp 8, it cannot be quickly removed. If the KF series clamp 8 is only used but not embedded, the KF series clamp 8 loses its meaning. Therefore, the embedded installation and the use of the KF series clamp complement each other and are indispensable.

[0039] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0040] A single- and double-film switchable compact liquid target based on W-shaped water cooling, such as Figure 1a , Figure 1b , Figure 1c , Figure 2-9 As shown, the liquid target is provided with: a beam limiting flange 1, a KF series clamp 8, a beam limiting flange sealing ring 9-1, a titanium film mounting and fixing block 2, a titanium film 7, a helium chamber and a helium chamber connecting flange 3, a Havar film 6, a target body 4 and a target body cooling water channel mounting block 5 in sequence along the direction of beam injection; the KF series clamp 8 and the beam limiting flange sealing ring 9-1 are used to connect the beam limiting flange 1 and the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange 3; the titanium film mounting and fixing block 2 and the titanium film mounting screw 10 are used to fix the titanium Membrane 7; the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange 3 and the target body 4 are used to assist in fixing the Havar membrane 6; the target body 4 is fixed together by the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange 3 and the target body cooling water flow channel mounting block 5; a target body cooling water inlet joint 13-1 and a target body cooling water outlet joint 13-2 are respectively provided on the outer end surface of the target body cooling water flow channel mounting block 5, and cooling water flows through the target body 4 through the target body cooling water inlet joint 13-1 and the target body cooling water outlet joint 13-2 to cool the target body 4;

[0041] Its features are:

[0042] The titanium film 7 is a film that can be optionally installed on the liquid target, and the Havar film 6 is a base film of the liquid target; after the titanium film 7 that can be optionally installed on the liquid target is removed, the Havar film can still work normally, so that the liquid target is switched from dual mode to single mode without damage:

[0043] like Figure 2 As shown, a concave groove opening outward is provided on the target body 4, and two vertical channels of the concave groove opening outward are respectively connected to the target cooling water inlet joint 13-1 and the target cooling water outlet joint 13-2, and a target cooling water diversion baffle 15 is installed on each of the two channels of the concave groove of the target body 4, and the target cooling water diversion baffle 15 diverts the cooling water flowing into the target body. The target body 4 and the target cooling water flow channel mounting block 5 and the target cooling water diversion baffle 15 are closed into a surrounding W-shaped water channel, and the back and sides of the target cavity are simultaneously subjected to surrounding water cooling.

[0044] Supplementary Note 1 The following are additional explanations for the above-mentioned beam limiting flange 1:

[0045] 1) The above “a concave groove with an opening facing outward is provided on the target body 4” means that the opening faces the target body cooling water inlet joint 13-1 and the target body cooling water outlet joint 13-2;

[0046] 2) If Figure 7As shown, the beam limiting flange 1 and the plug 16 are closed into a surrounding water channel, and the beam channel can be surrounded by water cooling;

[0047] 3) If Figure 1b , 1c , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the conical channel of the beam limiting flange 1 is from large to small along the beam direction, and the beam spot size is adjusted to be close to the size of the rear target cavity, which can ensure full utilization of the beam and maximize the isotope yield;

[0048] 4) Since the titanium membrane mounting fixing block 2 and the titanium membrane 7 are embedded in the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange 3, the overall depth dimension of the present invention is reduced by 30%, making the appearance more compact.

[0049] Supplementary Note 2: The target 4 is supplemented as follows:

[0050] like Figure 1b As shown, a straight-wing type microchannel is provided at the back of the target cavity of the target body 4, which can efficiently dissipate heat for the target liquid; the target body 4 is symmetrically provided with two circular hole channels in the upper and lower directions shown in the figure, which are connected to the target cavity, and the circular hole channels are used to transmit the target liquid and helium. The circular hole channels and the target liquid / helium dual-channel connector 12 form a target liquid transmission / helium transmission dual channel. In the working state of target liquid transmission, the target liquid connector is opened and the helium connector is closed. At this time, the target liquid can be normally injected into the target cavity. When the target liquid is irradiated, it needs to be blown out of the target cavity by helium. In this state, the helium connector is opened and the target liquid connector is closed;

[0051] Supplementary Note 3: The following are additional instructions for the above-mentioned KF series clamp 8:

[0052] The helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange 3 and the beam limiting flange 1 are quickly connected through the KF series clamp 8, which is convenient for installation and maintenance;

[0053] Furthermore, if Figure 1c As shown, the removable titanium membrane 7 and the titanium membrane mounting and fixing block 2 are embedded in the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange 3: on the inner side of the end surface of the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange 3 close to the beam limiting flange 1, a removable titanium membrane mounting and fixing block 2 is fixed with a titanium membrane mounting screw 10. By installing or removing the titanium membrane mounting and fixing block 2, the titanium membrane 7 can be installed on the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange 3 or removed from the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange 3.

[0054] Further, when the titanium film 7 is installed, the liquid target is used as a liquid target with helium cooling, in which case the titanium film 7 acts as a vacuum film and the Havar film 6 acts as a target film; Figure 4As shown, when the titanium film 7 is not selected, there is no need to install the titanium film mounting fixing block 2, the titanium film 7 and the titanium film mounting fixing block mounting screws 10 and the second sealing ring 9-2 of the helium chamber connecting flange at this position, and the second sealing ring 9-3 of the helium chamber connecting flange. At this time, the liquid target serves as a liquid target without helium cooling, and the Havar film 6 acts as both a vacuum film and a target film.

[0055] Supplementary Note 4: The explanation of not selecting the titanium film 7 is as follows:

[0056] Figure 4 This is the case where the titanium film mounting fixing block 2 is not installed. When the titanium film 7 is not selected, the titanium film mounting screw 10 should not be present. Figure 4 The titanium film mounting screw 10 is shown only to mark the position of the titanium film mounting fixing block 2 .

[0057] Furthermore, the depth of the concave groove matches the axial height of the target 4; the width of the two vertical channels of the concave groove is based on the standard of facilitating target diversion after the target cooling water diversion baffle 15 is installed in each channel.

[0058] Supplementary Note 5: The above-mentioned “the depth of the concave groove matches the axial height of the target body 4” is explained as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the depth of the concave groove is as close as possible to the height of the target body 4 in order to form water cooling around the target body. The width of the two vertical channels of the concave groove depends on the distance between the target cooling water inlet joint 13-1 and the target cooling water outlet joint 13-2, as well as the width of the target body inner cavity. After these two dimensions are determined, the width should be as wide as possible.

[0059] Furthermore, the target diverter baffle 15 is arranged in the middle of each vertical channel of the target concave groove, and the upper end of the target diverter baffle 15 is respectively attached to the inner diameter of the target cooling water inlet joint 13-1 and the target cooling water outlet joint 13-2 and extends into the vertical channel of the concave groove, and the lower end of the target diverter baffle 15 is suspended relative to the bottom of the concave groove and flows out of a set gap. The cooling water flows from one side of the target diverter baffle 15 corresponding to the target cooling water inlet joint 13-1 to the other side through the set gap, and from the other side, along the direction from the water inlet to the water outlet, flows to one side of another target diverter baffle 15, and flows from one side of another target cooling water diverter baffle 15 to the other side of another target cooling water diverter baffle 15, and flows out of the cooling water flow channel mounting block 5 from the other side of the other target cooling water diverter baffle 15.

[0060] Furthermore, if Figure 5As shown, the inner side of the end surface of the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange 3 close to the beam limiting flange 1 is provided with two raised outer rings 1-1 and an inner ring 1-2, and the raised outer ring 1-1 is provided with a circle of threaded holes, and the titanium film mounting fixing block 2 is threadedly connected to the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange 3 through the threaded holes, and is embedded in the inner side of the end surface of the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange 3 close to the beam limiting flange 1.

[0061] Furthermore, if Figure 1c As shown, the detachable titanium diaphragm 7 is installed between the first sealing ring 9-2 and the second sealing ring 9-3 of the helium chamber connecting flange which are tightly attached to each other; the first sealing ring 9-2 and the second sealing ring 9-3 of the helium chamber connecting flange are respectively installed on the first sealing ring groove 3-1 and the second sealing ring groove 3-2 of the helium chamber connecting flange; the first sealing ring groove 3-1 of the helium chamber connecting flange is opened between the outer ring and the inner ring of the two protrusions; the second sealing ring groove 3-2 of the helium chamber connecting flange is opened on the end face of the detachable titanium diaphragm mounting fixing block 2 opposite to the first sealing ring 9-2 of the helium chamber connecting flange.

[0062] Furthermore, the diameter of the second sealing ring groove 3 - 2 of the helium chamber connecting flange is smaller than the diameter of the first sealing ring groove 3 - 1 of the helium chamber connecting flange.

[0063] Furthermore, the target cooling water channel mounting block 5 is mounted on the target 4 in a wrapping manner.

[0064] Furthermore, the target body 4 is made of niobium, and the target body cooling water channel mounting block 5 is made of copper.

[0065] Supplementary Note 4:

[0066] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the beam limiting flange cooling water connector 11, the target liquid / helium dual-channel connector 12 and the helium chamber gas path connector 14 can all be installed remotely, that is, not installed on the liquid target, but installed on the corresponding gas path / water path, and only the adapter flange connector is installed on the liquid target, thereby achieving further miniaturization of the liquid target space, which can be applied to situations where space is tight.

[0067] Embodiment 1

[0068] Reference Figure 1a , Figure 1b , Figure 1b and Figure 3 , Figure 7 As shown, the liquid target according to the embodiment of the present invention mainly includes a beam limiting flange 1, a helium chamber and a helium chamber connecting flange 3, a target body 4 and a target body cooling water channel mounting block 5.

[0069] 1) Design of the conical beam limiting flange 1: In the present embodiment, after the beam passes through the accelerator beam pipe and reaches the beam limiting flange 1, if the diameter of the drawn beam is larger than the actually required diameter, the excess beam will be evenly deposited on the conical channel of the beam limiting flange 1, and the deposited heat will be carried away by the annular water channel formed by the beam limiting flange 1 and the plug 16. The annular water channel on the beam limiting flange 1 is composed of two transverse water channels and two longitudinal water channels intersecting each other, wherein the two longitudinal water channels are designed at the water inlet and water outlet positions of the beam limiting flange 1, and then the two transverse water channels are processed perpendicular to the processed longitudinal water channels, and the above water channels and the two plugs 16 together form an annular heat dissipation cooling channel for the conical channel, thereby achieving good heat dissipation, refer to Figure 7-8 It should be noted that the diameter design of the annular water circuit needs to refer to the diameter of the water inlet and outlet. If necessary, the diameter of the pipe close to the water inlet and outlet should be slightly smaller than the diameters of the other three pipes to achieve uniform heat dissipation of the annular water circuit.

[0070] 2) Design of the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange 3: One of the uses of the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange 3: When the beam passes through the beam limiting flange 1 to reach the titanium film mounting fixed block 2 and the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange 3, a certain amount of heat will be generated when the beam passes through the titanium film 7, causing the temperature to rise rapidly. In order to prevent the titanium film 7 from burning through, helium needs to be introduced from the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange 3 to cool down the titanium film 7. Optionally, the vacuum film in this embodiment is a titanium film 7, and other vacuum films of suitable materials can be selected. Similarly, the cooling gas in this embodiment can be selected from other suitable inert gases; The second use of the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange 3: When the beam passes through the titanium film 7 and the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange 3 to reach the Havar film 6, a certain amount of heat will also be generated when the beam passes through the Havar film 6, causing the temperature to rise rapidly. In order to prevent the Havar film 6 from burning through, helium needs to be introduced from the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange 3 to cool down the Havar film 6. Optionally, the target film in this embodiment is a Havar film 6, and vacuum films of other suitable materials can be selected. Similarly, optionally, the cooling gas in this embodiment can be other suitable inert gases.

[0071] 3) Design of detachable titanium film mounting block 2: When using low energy beam, only single Havar film 6 is used. At this time, titanium film mounting block 2, titanium film 7, titanium film mounting screw 10, first sealing ring 9-2 of helium chamber connecting flange at this position, and second sealing ring 9-3 of helium chamber connecting flange at this position may not be installed, and the rest of the structure does not need to be changed. At this time, Havar film 6 acts as both vacuum film and target film, that is, the rapid switching of double-film form liquid target to single-film form liquid target is realized; conversely, after the single-film form liquid target is installed with titanium film mounting block 2, titanium film 7, titanium film mounting screw 10 and O-ring at this position, the rapid switching of single-film form liquid target to double-film form liquid target is realized.

[0072] 4) Design of cooling system: In the present embodiment, when the beam passes through the Havar membrane 6 and reaches the target liquid in the target cavity of the target body 4, except for the heat loss at the front end of the beam, the rest of the beam energy will be deposited in the target liquid. The rapid increase of deposited energy in the target liquid will rapidly increase the temperature of the target liquid, and the target liquid will boil at high temperature. In order to prevent the high temperature and high pressure in this state from having an adverse effect on the Havar membrane 6 and the target body 4, the design of the cooling system on the target body 4 is particularly critical.

[0073] W-type water cooling design: Figure 3 As shown, cooling pipes are designed on both sides and the back of the target cavity of the target body 4, wherein the back adopts a straight-wing microchannel flow channel form, and the two sides use the target cooling water diversion baffle 15 to form a return flow channel form, so as to form a W-shaped surround water cooling for the target cavity. At the same time, the target cooling water flow channel mounting block 5 adopts a wrapping installation for the target body 4, so as to maximize the efficient heat dissipation of the target liquid in the target cavity, reduce the temperature of the target liquid and the Havar membrane 6, prevent the Havar membrane 6 from rupturing under high temperature and high pressure, and maximize the nuclear reaction efficiency.

[0074] 5) Design of target material: In the present embodiment, the material of the target 4 is niobium. Niobium metal has the characteristics of being able to withstand large beam bombardment without being easily deformed or producing impurities. Optionally, the target can be made of other suitable metal materials. The material of the target cooling water channel mounting block 5 is copper. Copper has very good thermal conductivity and can quickly conduct heat away.

[0075] 6) Design of the target cavity shape: The target cavity of the target body 4 is as follows Fig. 9 The shape shown in the figure shows that the upper side of the direction shown in the figure is the injection port of the target liquid / helium, and the lower side is the outlet of the target liquid. The target cavity is designed in the form of a combination of a semi-cylindrical and a convex shape. The upper space can be used as a gas buffer generated by the boiling of the target liquid, which can appropriately alleviate the high-pressure impact of the target liquid on the Havar membrane 6 at high temperature; the semi-cylindrical shape of the lower space can prevent the target liquid from accumulating on the inner wall, and then it can be completely blown out under the purge of helium.

[0076] 7) Design of clamps and materials: In this embodiment, aluminum oxide layers and insulating gaskets are used between the accelerator beam lead-out end, the beam limiting flange 1, the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange 3, and the KF series clamps 8 to achieve insulation between the various components, making the beam measurement of each component more accurate. The KF series clamps 8 can be used to quickly disassemble and assemble the rear half of the liquid target, and the old target can be quickly replaced with a new target in a short time.

[0077] 8) In this embodiment, the beam limiting flange cooling water connector 11, the target liquid / helium dual-channel connector 12 and the helium chamber gas path connector 14 can all be installed remotely, that is, not installed on the liquid target, but installed on the corresponding gas path / water path, and only the adapter flange connector is installed on the liquid target, thereby achieving further miniaturization of the liquid target space, which can be applied to situations where space is tight, such as Figure 7 shown.

[0078] Obviously, the above examples of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, rather than limitations on the embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in the relevant field, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made on the basis of the above description. It is impossible to list all the embodiments here. All obvious changes or modifications derived from the technical solution of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A single- and double-film switchable compact liquid target based on W-shaped water cooling, wherein the liquid target is provided with: a beam limiting flange (1), a KF series clamp (8), a beam limiting flange sealing ring (9-1), a titanium film mounting and fixing block (2), a titanium film (7), a helium chamber and a helium chamber connecting flange (3), a Havar film (6), a target body (4) and a target body cooling water channel mounting block (5); the KF series clamp (8) and the beam limiting flange sealing ring (9-1) are used to connect the beam limiting flange (1) and the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange (3); the titanium film mounting and fixing block (2) and the titanium film mounting screw ( 10) is used to fix the titanium film (7); the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange (3) and the target body (4) are used to assist in fixing the Havar film (6); the target body (4) is fixed by the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange (3) and the target body cooling water flow channel mounting block (5); a target body cooling water inlet joint (13-1) and a target body cooling water outlet joint (13-2) are respectively provided on the outer end surface of the target body cooling water flow channel mounting block (5), and cooling water flows through the target body (4) through the target body cooling water inlet joint (13-1) and the target body cooling water outlet joint (13-2) to cool the target body (4); it is characterized in that: The titanium film (7) is a film that can be optionally installed on the liquid target, and the Havar film (6) is a base film of the liquid target; after the titanium film (7) that can be optionally installed on the liquid target is removed, the Havar film can still work normally, so that the liquid target is switched from dual mode to single mode without damage: A concave groove opening outward is provided on the target body (4), and two vertical channels of the concave groove opening outward are respectively connected to the target body cooling water inlet joint (13-1) and the target body cooling water outlet joint 13-2. A target body cooling water diversion baffle (15) is respectively installed on the two channels of the concave groove of the target body (4), and the target body cooling water diversion baffle (15) diverts the cooling water flowing into the target body. The target body (4), the target body cooling water flow channel mounting block (5) and the target body cooling water diversion baffle (15) are sealed into a surrounding W-shaped water channel, and the back and side of the target cavity are simultaneously subjected to surrounding water cooling.

2. According to claim 1, a W-shaped water-cooled single- and double-film switchable compact liquid target, characterized in that: The detachable titanium membrane (7) and the titanium membrane mounting and fixing block (2) are embedded in the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange (3): a detachable titanium membrane mounting and fixing block (2) is fixed with a titanium membrane mounting screw (10) on the inner side of the end surface of the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange (3) close to the beam limiting flange (1), and the titanium membrane (7) can be installed on the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange (3) or removed from the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange (3) by installing or removing the titanium membrane mounting and fixing block (2).

3. According to claim 1, a W-shaped water-cooled single- and double-film switchable compact liquid target, characterized in that: When the titanium film (7) is selected for installation, the liquid target is used as a liquid target with helium cooling, and the titanium film (7) serves as a vacuum film, and the Havar film (6) serves as a target film; when the titanium film (7) is not selected, there is no need to install the titanium film auxiliary fixing block (2), the titanium film (7), the titanium film mounting screws (10), the second sealing ring (9-2) of the helium chamber connecting flange at this position, and the second sealing ring (9-3) of the helium chamber connecting flange, and the Havar film (6) serves as both a vacuum film and a target film.

4. According to claim 1, a W-shaped water-cooled single- and double-film switchable compact liquid target, characterized in that: The depth of the concave groove matches the axial height of the target body (4); the width of the two vertical channels of the concave groove is based on the standard of facilitating target body flow diversion after a target body flow diversion baffle (15) is installed in each channel.

5. According to claim 3, a W-shaped water-cooled single- and double-film switchable compact liquid target, characterized in that: The target body flow dividing baffle (15) is arranged in the middle of each vertical channel of the target body concave groove. The upper end of the target body flow dividing baffle (15) is respectively attached to the inner diameter of the target body cooling water inlet joint (13-1) and the target body cooling water outlet joint (13-2) and extends into the vertical channel of the concave groove. The lower end of the target body flow dividing baffle (15) is suspended relative to the bottom of the concave groove and flows out of a set gap. The cooling water flows through the set gap from one side of the target body flow dividing baffle (15) corresponding to the target body cooling water inlet joint (13-1) to the other side, and from the other side, along the direction from the water inlet to the water outlet, flows to one side of another target body flow dividing baffle (15), and flows from one side of another target body cooling water flow dividing baffle (15) to the other side of another target body cooling water flow dividing baffle (15), and flows out of the cooling water flow channel mounting block (5) from the other side of the other target body cooling water flow dividing baffle (15).

6. According to claim 1, a W-shaped water-cooled single- and double-film switchable compact liquid target, characterized in that: Two raised outer rings (1-1) and an inner ring (1-2) are provided on the inner side of the end surface of the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange (3) close to the beam limiting flange (1), and a circle of threaded holes is provided on the raised outer ring. The titanium film mounting fixing block (2) is threadedly connected to the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange (3) through the threaded holes, and is embedded in the inner side of the end surface of the helium chamber and the helium chamber connecting flange (3) close to the beam limiting flange (1).

7. A W-shaped water-cooled single- and double-film switchable compact liquid target according to claim 6, characterized in that: The detachable titanium film (7) is installed between a first sealing ring (9-2) of a helium chamber connecting flange and a second sealing ring (9-3) of a helium chamber connecting flange which are tightly attached to each other; the first sealing ring (9-2) of the helium chamber connecting flange and the second sealing ring (9-3) of the helium chamber connecting flange are installed on a first sealing ring groove (3-1) of the helium chamber connecting flange and a second sealing ring groove (3-2) of the helium chamber connecting flange respectively; the first sealing ring groove (3-1) of the helium chamber connecting flange is provided between the outer ring and the inner ring of the two protrusions; the second sealing ring groove (3-2) of the helium chamber connecting flange is provided on the end surface of the detachable titanium film installation fixing block (2) which is opposite to the first sealing ring (9-2) of the helium chamber connecting flange.

8. A single- and double-film switchable compact liquid target based on W-type water cooling according to claim 7, characterized in that: The diameter of the second sealing ring groove (3-2) of the helium chamber connecting flange is smaller than the diameter of the first sealing ring groove (3-1) of the helium chamber connecting flange.

9. The single- and double-film switchable compact liquid target based on W-type water cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The target cooling water channel installation block (5) is installed on the target (4) in a wrapping manner.

10. The single- and double-film switchable compact liquid target based on W-type water cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The target body (4) is made of niobium, and the target body cooling water flow channel mounting block (5) is made of copper.

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