An automatic exchange structure for machine tool accessory heads with mixed use of two toothed discs and three toothed discs

Abstract

The present invention discloses an automatic exchange structure for machine tool accessory heads with mixed application of two toothed discs and three toothed discs, and relates to the technical field of accessory heads for numerical control machine tools; it comprises a transition plate assembly, a universal milling head, an extended milling head, and a chip prevention plate assembly; the movable toothed disc, the common toothed disc and the fixed toothed disc on the aforementioned transition plate assembly on the universal milling head form a three-toothed disc set for operation, and the indexing is simple and rapid, and is conducive to overcoming the influence of the eccentric load of the accessory head's center of gravity; the lower toothed disc on the extended milling head and the fixed toothed disc on the aforementioned transition plate assembly form a two-toothed disc set for positioning, and the positioning is high in precision, simple in structure and good in economy; the installation of the chip prevention plate assembly ensures that the internal parts of the aforementioned transition plate assembly are free from contamination when no accessory head is processed by the machine tool spindle; the proximity switch signal on the aforementioned transition plate assembly provides the numerical control system with a judgment basis for the machine tool accessory head, and ensures the correctness of the subsequent working logic.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tool accessory heads, and in particular to an automatic exchange structure for machine tool accessory heads in which two toothed discs and three toothed discs are mixedly used. Background Art

[0002] Right-angle heads, extended milling heads, deep boring and milling heads, and universal milling heads are commonly used accessories for CNC gantry machine tools. Depending on the application conditions, one or more of them can be selected for configuration. In order to improve work efficiency, the current common practice for automatic exchange of accessory heads is to use a two-piece end gear set to accurately position and index through the guidance of locating pins, supplemented by quick-plug couplings, sensors and other docking and sensing components. This method has a relatively simple structure and is relatively mature in application, but in the case of a large eccentric load on the center of gravity of the accessory, a special structure needs to be designed to overcome it, such as the use of turntable bearings or cross roller bearings.

[0003] If a three-piece end gear disc kit is used, the C-axis indexing process only requires the common gear disc to be disengaged, and the accessory head box itself does not need to be disengaged up and down. This can easily achieve higher movement efficiency, achieve a compact structure of the oil distribution ring cavity, and help solve the overturning moment problem caused by the offset of the center of gravity of the spindle box.

[0004] To this end, in the embodiment of the present invention, the extended milling head adopts a two-piece end gear disc set to dock with the gantry machine tool ram to achieve economy, and the universal milling head adopts a three-piece end gear disc set to better solve the rotational eccentric load problem. At the same time, through the reasonable design of the exchange interface, the free switching of the two-piece end gear disc set and the three-piece end gear disc set is realized, ensuring the efficiency of the accessory head exchange. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an automatic exchange structure for machine tool accessory heads with mixed application of two toothed discs and three toothed discs.

[0006] The present invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: an automatic exchange structure of machine tool accessory head for mixed use of two toothed discs and three toothed discs, comprising a transition plate assembly, a universal milling head, an extended milling head and a chip prevention plate assembly, wherein the transition plate assembly can realize the exchange and docking of the universal milling head, the extended milling head and the chip prevention plate assembly respectively; the transition plate assembly comprises a transition plate and a fixed toothed disc fixed at the center position of its bottom;

[0007] When the universal milling head is installed, a slidably adjustable common connecting plate is provided in the inner cavity of the universal milling head, a common toothed disc is fixedly installed on the top of the common connecting plate, a movable toothed disc is also fixed at the center position of the top of the universal milling head, the movable toothed disc is located on the inner side of the fixed toothed disc, and the movable toothed disc, the common toothed disc and the fixed toothed disc form a three-toothed disc set; after the docking is completed, the mounting surface of the movable toothed disc is flush with the fixed toothed disc, the common toothed disc is located on the lower side of the movable toothed disc, and the common toothed disc can simultaneously engage and lock the fixed toothed disc and the movable toothed disc;

[0008] When the extension milling head is installed, a lower gear disc is fixed on the second top step surface of the spindle box of the extension milling head. The lower gear disc and the fixed gear disc form a two-gear disc set. After the docking is completed, the lower gear disc and the fixed gear disc are engaged and locked.

[0009] A further improvement of the present invention is that four locking cylinders are arranged at diagonal positions in the transition plate, the locking cylinders actively control the lifting of the common connecting plate, and a spring is arranged at the bottom of the common connecting plate to passively lift the common connecting plate.

[0010] A further improvement of the present invention is that two guide pin holes and two pin sleeve holes are symmetrically arranged on the transition plate, pin sleeves are embedded in the two pin sleeve holes, and the guide pins on the universal milling head, the extension milling head and the chip guard plate assembly cooperate with the guide pin holes to provide guidance for the meshing of the three-toothed disc kit, the two-toothed disc kit and the docking of the quick-plug coupling joint; the guide pin shaft on the common connecting plate cooperates with the pin sleeve to provide floating support guidance for the movement of the common connecting plate to avoid over-positioning.

[0011] A further improvement of the present invention is that a groove is formed on the outer side of one of the two guide pin holes and a cover plate and a switch bracket are provided, and two proximity switches arranged up and down are provided on the switch bracket, and the proximity switch outputs a signal combination corresponding to the accessory head.

[0012] A further improvement of the present invention is that a vertical shaft sleeve is rotatably arranged in the central hole inside the outer shell of the universal milling head, a disc sleeve is fixed on the top of the vertical shaft sleeve, and a movable gear disc is fixed on the top of the disc sleeve;

[0013] A connecting sleeve is installed in the top center hole of the vertical shaft sleeve so as to slide up and down, and a rectangular spring is arranged between the vertical shaft sleeve and the connecting sleeve;

[0014] A plane needle roller bearing is installed on the bottom step surface of the common connecting plate, and the connecting sleeve fits with the plane needle roller bearing under the lifting action of the rectangular spring.

[0015] A further improvement of the present invention is that a transmission shaft is relatively rotatably installed at the center position of the vertical shaft sleeve, an external gear is provided on the fixed sleeve at the step surface near the top of the transmission shaft, and an internal gear is coaxially fixed on the lower end of the connecting sleeve. When the internal gear reaches the same height as the external gear with the connecting sleeve, the two are meshed for transmission.

[0016] A further improvement of the present invention is that a transmission disc is fixed at the top position of the transmission shaft, the transmission disc is fixed to the tool handle through an angular contact ball bearing, and the tool handle is connected to the machine tool spindle through a rivet; a sealing sleeve is fixed to the bottom end surface of the disc sleeve, and a plurality of concentric bosses are provided on the sealing sleeve, which cooperate with the concentric annular grooves provided on the lower surface of the transmission disc to form a sealing maze.

[0017] A further improvement of the present invention is that the extended milling head includes a spindle box 2, a spindle 2 is vertically rotated at the center of the spindle box 2, a broaching rod is coaxially arranged in the center hole of the spindle 2, a disc spring is sleeved on the outer side of the broaching rod, a top sleeve is provided on the top of the disc spring, a stop block is provided above the top sleeve to limit it, and the disc spring is locked by a locking nut to apply an initial force, and the locking nut is threadedly connected to the broaching rod.

[0018] A further improvement of the present invention is that a transmission sleeve is threadedly connected to the outer side of the top of the second main shaft, a support sleeve is fixed in the center hole of the transmission sleeve, a copper sleeve is provided in the inner cavity of the upper end of the support sleeve to wrap the puller rod, a tool handle sleeve is slidably arranged on the outer side of the support sleeve, a lifting spring is provided at the lower end of the tool handle sleeve, the upper part of the tool handle sleeve is limited by an elastic clamp ring of the shaft fixed on the outer side of the support sleeve, and the bottom of the lifting spring is in contact with the transmission sleeve.

[0019] A further improvement of the present invention is that the chip guard plate assembly includes a chip guard plate, and four pull pins are symmetrically arranged at the four corners of the top of the chip guard plate, corresponding to the position of the locking cylinder on the transition plate assembly, and when the upper surface of the chip guard plate is in contact with the lower surface of the transition plate, the internal parts of the transition plate assembly are protected from contamination;

[0020] At least two cooling nozzles are also installed at the bottom of the chip guard plate, and the cooling nozzles are arranged toward one side.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The automatic exchange structure of the machine tool accessory head, which uses a mixture of two toothed discs and three toothed discs, combines the characteristics of two toothed discs and three toothed discs while ensuring the working efficiency of the machine tool, providing a new solution for the realization of the accessory head series products. The two toothed disc form used by the extended milling head is retained, the structure is relatively mature, and the economy is good, which is conducive to cost control;

[0023] 2. The universal milling head is connected to the machine tool by a three-toothed disc. The indexing process only requires the common toothed disc and the common connecting plate to be disengaged downwards. The heavy parts such as the spindle box and the transmission box do not need to move downwards. The machine tool spindle power can drive the accessory head to perform rotary indexing, so it is faster.

[0024] 3. This structure allows the oil distribution ring to only rotate relative to the ground without any up and down movement. The axial spacing of the oil chamber can be appropriately reduced, and the working conditions of the sealing ring are improved to a certain extent. The spindle broaching force of the machine tool is used to keep the top surface of the movable gear disc in contact with the transition plate on the ram. Even if the center of gravity of the spindle box causes an eccentric load, the rotation indexing process can be carried out smoothly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the universal milling head structure of the present invention in the installed state;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the extended milling head structure in the installed state of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the locking cylinder of the present invention in the installed state;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional parts diagram of a common connecting plate of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of the middle A;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional parts diagram of the connecting sleeve of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0033] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the anti-chip plate assembly of the present invention.

[0034] In the figure:

[0035] 1. Transition plate assembly;

[0036] 101. Transition plate; 102. Fixed gear plate; 103. Quick-connect coupling female connector; 105. Pin sleeve; 106. O-ring 1; 107. Hexagon socket cylindrical end set screw; 108. Flat end set screw; 109. Cover plate; 110. Proximity switch 1; 111. Proximity switch 2; 112. Switch bracket; 113. Upper end cover; 114. Lower end cover; 115. Pull rivet 1; 116. Pull claw; 117. Piston.

[0037] 2. Universal milling head;

[0038] 201, common toothed disc; 202, movable toothed disc; 203, quick-connect coupling male connector 1; 204, common connecting plate; 205, outer shell; 206, wear-resistant ring; 207, rotating grid ring; 208, unloading cylinder; 209, spindle box 1; 210, spindle 1; 211, first scale plate; 212, first pointer; 213, transmission box; 215, second pointer; 216, second scale plate; 217, vertical shaft sleeve; 218, rectangular spring; 21 9. Connecting sleeve; 220. Plane needle bearing; 221. Bearing cover; 222. Guide pin; 223. Disc sleeve; 224. Knife handle; 225. Pull pin 2; 226. Transmission disc; 227. Transmission key; 228. Blocking piece; 229. Sliding pin; 230. Internal gear; 231. External gear; 232. Transmission shaft; 233. Sealing sleeve 1; 235. Lower pressure cover; 236. Adjusting washer; 237. Angular contact ball bearing; 238. Upper pressure cover;

[0039] 3. Extended milling head;

[0040] 301, lower toothed disc; 302, locking nut; 303, locking washer; 304, sealing sleeve 2; 305, disc spring; 306, limiting washer; 309, spindle box 2; 310, spindle 2; 311, inner spacer; 312, outer spacer; 313, rear support bearing; 314, limiting nut; 315, top sleeve; 316, transmission sleeve; 317, stop sleeve; 318, primary sealing sleeve; 319, lifting spring; 320, support sleeve; 321, guide pin 1; 322, tool handle sleeve; 323, shaft elastic retaining ring; 324, copper sleeve; 325, broaching rod; 326, bayonet; 328, supporting spring; 329, chamfering guide pin 1;

[0041] 4. Anti-chip plate assembly;

[0042] 401. chamfered guide pin 2; 402. rivet; 403. chip prevention plate; 404. guide pin 2; 405. quick-connect coupling male connector 2; 406. cooling nozzle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the specific implementation methods, structures, features and effects of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0044] See also Figure 1-8 As shown, an automatic exchange structure for machine tool accessory heads for mixed use of two toothed discs and three toothed discs comprises a transition plate assembly 1, a universal milling head 2, an extension milling head 3 and a chip prevention plate assembly 4. The transition plate assembly 1 can be docked with the universal milling head 2, the extension milling head 3 or the chip prevention plate assembly 4 respectively;

[0045] Among them, Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the transition plate assembly 1 includes a transition plate 101 fixedly mounted on the end face of the machine tool ram, a central stepped hole is opened in the middle of the transition plate 101, a fixed toothed disc 102 is fixedly mounted in the central stepped hole by screws, and a plurality of quick-plug coupling female connectors 103 and two guide pin holes are provided at the bottom of the transition plate 101, and the two guide pin holes provide guidance for the correct docking of subsequent quick-plug coupling connectors, as well as the meshing of the three-toothed disc set and the two-toothed disc set;

[0046] Two pin sleeve holes are also provided in the transition plate 101, and a pin sleeve 105 is supported and installed in each pin sleeve hole through an O-ring 106, and the axial movement is limited by a hexagonal cylindrical end set screw 107 locked by a flat end set screw 108;

[0047] A mounting groove is provided outside one of the guide pin holes, and a cover plate 109 and a switch bracket 112 are fixed in the mounting groove. A proximity switch 110 and a proximity switch 2 111 are arranged in an upper and lower arrangement in the switch bracket 112 to output a signal combination corresponding to the accessory head;

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, four locking cylinders are installed at diagonal positions in the transition plate 101, and each locking cylinder includes an upper end cover 113, a lower end cover 114, a pulling claw 116, a piston 117 and a plurality of sealing rings.

[0049] Embodiment 1: Docking of the transition plate assembly 1 and the universal milling head 2

[0050] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the universal milling head 2 includes an outer shell 205, and a common connecting plate 204 is installed on the top of the outer shell 205 so as to be lifted and slidably installed. The common connecting plate 204 is of a square structure, and four threaded holes are arranged on the top of the common connecting plate 204. A pull nail 115 is threadedly connected in each threaded hole. When the universal milling head 2 cooperates with the transition plate assembly 1, the pull nail 115 cooperates with the pull claw 116 on the corresponding locking cylinder; two guide pin shafts 222 are centrally symmetrically installed on the common connecting plate 204, and the pin sleeve 105 cooperates with the guide pin shaft 222 to provide floating support for the up and down movement of the common connecting plate 204 without causing over-positioning interference; there are two guide pins (not shown in the figure) on the outer shell 205, which are inserted into the guide pin holes on the transition plate 105, and the stepped chamfered edge on one of the guide pins is opposite to the two proximity switches. When both the proximity switch 110 and the proximity switch 211 have signal outputs, it is considered that the universal milling head 2 is docked.

[0051] The top of the outer shell 205 is provided with a plurality of quick-connect male connectors 203 which are matched with corresponding quick-connect female connectors 103 one by one;

[0052] A vertical shaft sleeve 217 is rotatably arranged in the inner center hole of the outer shell 205, and two wear-resistant rings 206 and a plurality of rotating Gley rings 207 are arranged between the vertical shaft sleeve 217 and the outer shell 205, and a plurality of oil distribution cavities are divided;

[0053] The vertical shaft sleeve 217 passes through the central through hole of the common connecting plate 204, and the bottom of the vertical shaft sleeve 217 is fixedly connected to the transmission box 213 through a stud, and a main shaft box 209 is installed on one side of the transmission box 213; a disk sleeve 223 is fixed on the top of the vertical shaft sleeve 217, and a movable gear disk 202 is fixedly connected to the top of the disk sleeve 223; a transmission shaft 232 is fixedly installed at the center of the vertical shaft sleeve 217, and a transmission disk 226 is fixed to the top position of the transmission shaft 232 through a transmission key 227. The top end surface of the transmission disk 226 is machined with a keyway, and an adjustment washer 236 is provided at the center of the keyway to correct the installation height. The transmission disk 226 is radially fixed to the tool handle 224 through an angular contact ball bearing 237, wherein the outer ring of the bearing is locked with the tool handle 224 through a lower pressure cover 235, and the inner ring of the bearing is pressed by an upper pressure cover 238; the tool handle 224 is connected to the machine tool spindle through a rivet 225;

[0054] More specifically, a sealing sleeve 233 is fixed to the bottom end surface of the disc sleeve 223, and a plurality of concentric bosses are provided on the sealing sleeve 233, which cooperate with the concentric annular grooves provided on the lower surface of the transmission disc 226 to form a sealing labyrinth, further enhancing the sealing effect;

[0055] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, an external gear 231 is fixedly sleeved at the step surface near the top of the transmission shaft 232; a connecting sleeve 219 is slidably installed in the top center hole of the vertical shaft sleeve 217, and the array notches opened on the top of the vertical shaft sleeve 217 are adapted to the ribs of the connecting sleeve 219, and a sliding pin 229 is provided on one of the ribs, and a baffle 228 is fixed on the top of the rib by a hexagon socket screw to limit the sliding pin 229 and prevent it from withdrawing; an internal gear 230 is coaxially fixed at the lower end of the connecting sleeve 219, and the internal gear 230 and the connecting sleeve 219 can mesh with the external gear 231 when they are at a certain height;

[0056] Rectangular springs 218 are arranged in a plurality of blind holes opened at the top of the vertical shaft sleeve 217, and the top of the rectangular spring 218 is fixed to the bottom of the outer edge of the connecting sleeve 219, thereby generating an upward lifting force on the connecting sleeve 219; at the same time, a needle bearing assembly including a bearing cover 221 and a plane needle bearing 220 is installed on the bottom step surface of the common connecting plate 204, and the connecting sleeve 219 fits with the plane needle bearing 220 under the lifting action of the rectangular spring 218; a common toothed disc 201 is coaxially fixed to the top of the common connecting plate 204, and its initial horizontal height is located below the movable toothed disc 202;

[0057] When this embodiment is in use, when both proximity switches sense signals, it indicates that the universal milling head 2 is in the installed state; the lower oil chamber of the locking cylinder maintains high pressure, the piston 117 drives the pulling claw 116, and the pulling pin 115 makes the common connecting plate 204 and the common gear plate 201 in the pulled-up state. At this time, the fixed gear plate 102 and the movable gear plate 202 are in the meshing and locking state, while the internal gear 230 and the external gear 231 are in the disengaged state, and the machine tool spindle power is transmitted through the transmission disk 226, the transmission shaft 232, the transmission box 213 and the internal gears of the spindle box 209, thereby driving the spindle 210 at the bottom of the spindle box 209 to rotate for parts processing.

[0058] When the lower oil chamber of the locking cylinder is depressurized and the upper oil chamber enters a low oil pressure state, the piston 117 and the claw 116 move downward, thereby pushing the common connecting plate 204 to move downward, and the stroke is slightly larger than the meshing clearance between the common toothed disc 201 and the fixed toothed disc 102 and the movable toothed disc 202, thereby releasing the meshing relationship between the common toothed disc 201 and the other two toothed discs. At this time, the rectangular spring 218 is squeezed and compressed, so that the connecting sleeve 291 and the inner gear 230 move downward accordingly, and are aligned with the outer gear 2 31 enters the meshing state, the machine tool spindle bears the rotation weight of the accessory head through the second pull nail 225, the tool handle 224 and the angular contact bearing 237, and keeps the top surface of the movable gear plate 202 in contact with the mounting surface of the fixed gear plate 102. At this time, the rotation of the machine tool spindle will drive the transmission plate 226, the vertical shaft sleeve 217, the transmission box 213, the spindle box 1 209, etc. to perform C-axis indexing action, and the second pointer 215 and the second dial 216 can assist the operator to judge whether the predetermined angle has been reached;

[0059] The relative angle between the spindle box 209 and the transmission box 213 can also be adjusted in degrees, with the first pointer 212 and the first dial 211 assisting the operator in making judgments. A tool unloading cylinder 208 is also provided on the top of the spindle box 209 for loading and unloading the tools loaded on the accessory spindle 210.

[0060] Embodiment 2: Docking of the transition plate assembly 1 and the extension milling head 3

[0061] like Figure 2 , Figure 7As shown, the extended milling head 3 includes a second spindle box 309, the upper part of the second spindle box 309 is square, the lower part is a cylindrical rotating body, a stepped through hole is opened in the center, and a lower gear disc 301 is fixedly installed on the top step surface; a second spindle 310 is vertically rotated at the center of the second spindle box 309, and the second spindle 310 and the second spindle box 309 are radially installed and positioned through a rear support bearing 313, and the inner and outer rings of the lower end of the rear support bearing 313 are respectively provided with an inner spacer 311 and an outer spacer 312 for axial positioning, and a limiting washer 306 is provided at the upper end of the rear support bearing 313 and locked by a limiting nut 314;

[0062] A center hole is provided on the second spindle 310, and a broaching rod 325 is coaxially provided in the center hole. A disc spring 305 is sleeved on the outer side of the broaching rod 325, and the disc spring 305 is squeezed by a top sleeve 315 provided on the top. A stopper 317 is provided above the top sleeve 315 to limit it. The stopper 317 is fixedly connected to the top of the second spindle 310, and a locking washer 303 is sleeved on the outer side of the second spindle 310. The locking washer 303 abuts against the top sleeve 315 and is locked by a locking nut 302. The locking nut 302 is threadedly connected to the broaching rod 325.

[0063] The top outer side of the second main shaft 310 is threadedly connected with a transmission sleeve 316 and locked by screws. The upper surface of the transmission sleeve 316 is provided with an end keyway. A support sleeve 320 is fixed in the center hole of the transmission sleeve 316. A copper sleeve 324 is provided in the inner cavity of the upper end of the support sleeve 320 to wrap the broaching rod 325. A tool handle sleeve 322 is slidably provided on the outer side of the support sleeve 320. A lifting spring 319 is provided at the lower end of the tool handle sleeve 322. The upper part of the tool handle sleeve 322 is limited by a shaft elastic clamp ring 323 fixed on the outer side of the support sleeve. The bottom of the lifting spring 319 abuts against the transmission sleeve 316.

[0064] The outer side of the transmission sleeve 316 is provided with a sealing sleeve 2 304, the upper end of the sealing sleeve 2 304 is inserted into the groove of the transmission sleeve 316 to form a sealing gap, and the flange part of the sealing sleeve 2 304 is fixed to the spindle box 2 309; a primary sealing sleeve 318 is fixed on the top of the sealing sleeve 2 304, and both the primary sealing sleeve 318 and the sealing sleeve 2 304 are processed with mounting circular holes, and a bayonet 326 is slidably provided in the mounting circular hole, and a support spring 328 is provided at the bottom of the bayonet 326 to support it, and the support spring 328 is in contact with the sealing sleeve 2 304;

[0065] When switching from the docking state of the first embodiment to the docking state of the present embodiment, the machine tool spindle moves to the corresponding position of the accessory head library, the common toothed disc 201 is in a disengaged state, the machine tool spindle executes the tool unloading instruction, the tool handle 224 and the second pull nail 225 are disengaged from the nose end cone hole of the spindle 1 210 under the action of the machine tool tool unloading cylinder, so that the universal milling head 2 is returned to the accessory head library, and the common toothed disc 201 is supported by the rectangular spring 218 to maintain the meshing state with the movable toothed disc 202 upward, thereby ensuring that it is in the zero initial position;

[0066] Then the claw 116 of the locking cylinder is in an open state, the machine tool slide moves to a position aligned with the extended milling head 3 and moves down, the guide pins 321 symmetrically arranged on the top of the spindle box 309 and the chamfering guide pins guide the quick-plug coupling joint to dock, and after the lower gear plate 301 and the fixed gear plate 102 reach a certain position, the end face of the machine tool spindle presses the clamping pin 326 downward at the same time, the tool handle sleeve 322 is inserted into the tapered hole of the machine tool spindle, and its upper end face is released from contact with the shaft elastic clamp ring 323, and the lower oil chamber of the locking cylinder enters the pressure oil, and the claw 116 drives the spindle box 309 to move up through the pull pin until the lower gear plate 301 and the fixed gear plate 102 are locked, when the proximity switch 1 110 has a signal and the proximity switch 2 111 has no signal, it means that the docking is completed, and the machine tool spindle rotates to drive the transmission sleeve 316 and the spindle 2 310 for processing;

[0067] When the extended milling head 3 needs to change the tool, the machine tool spindle performs the tool unloading action, the machine tool spindle tool puller rod moves down, fits and pushes with the tail of the tool puller rod 325, then the support sleeve 320, the tool handle sleeve 322, and the copper sleeve 324 ensure the center alignment and withstand the stable tool-beating force, under the action of the locking nut 302, the locking washer 303, and the top sleeve 315, the disc spring 305 is compressed, the tool is loosened, and the center hole of the tool puller rod 325 introduces clean air into the nose of the accessory head, and the tool exchange is completed with the assistance of the manipulator.

[0068] Embodiment 3: Docking of the transition plate assembly 1 and the anti-chip plate assembly 4

[0069] like Figure 8 As shown, the anti-chip plate assembly 4 includes an anti-chip plate 403, and four pull nails 402 are symmetrically arranged at the four corners of the top of the anti-chip plate 403, corresponding to the position of the locking cylinder on the transition plate assembly 1. When the upper surface of the anti-chip plate 403 is in contact with the lower surface of the transition plate 101, the internal parts of the transition plate assembly 1 are protected from contamination;

[0070] The chip prevention plate 403 is also symmetrically provided with a second chamfered guide pin 401 and a second guide pin 404 to guide the second quick-plug coupling male connector 405 to dock. The second chamfered guide pin 401 cooperates with two proximity switches to sense and cooperate. When the proximity switch 110 has no signal and the proximity switch 111 has a signal, it is determined that the docking is completed.

[0071] At least two cold cutting nozzles 406 are also installed at the bottom of the chip guard plate 403, and the cooling nozzles 406 are arranged to one side so as not to affect the tool change of the machine tool spindle and provide cooling for the tool when the machine tool spindle is directly processing.

[0072] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technical personnel in this field can make some changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic exchange structure for machine tool accessory heads with mixed use of two toothed discs and three toothed discs, characterized in that: The invention comprises a transition plate assembly (1), a universal milling head (2), an extension milling head (3) and a chip prevention plate assembly (4); the transition plate assembly (1) can realize the exchange and docking of the universal milling head (2), the extension milling head (3) and the chip prevention plate assembly (4); the transition plate assembly (1) comprises a transition plate (101) and a fixed toothed disc (102) fixed at the center position of its bottom; When the universal milling head (2) is installed, a slidably adjustable common connecting plate (204) is provided in the inner cavity of the universal milling head (2), a common toothed disc (201) is fixedly installed on the top of the common connecting plate (204), and a movable toothed disc (202) is also fixed at the center position of the top of the universal milling head (2), the movable toothed disc (202) is located on the inner side of the fixed toothed disc (102), and the movable toothed disc (202), the common toothed disc (201) and the fixed toothed disc (102) form a three-toothed disc set; after the docking is completed, the mounting surface of the movable toothed disc (202) is flush with the fixed toothed disc (102), the common toothed disc (201) is located on the lower side of the movable toothed disc (202), and the common toothed disc (201) can simultaneously engage and lock the fixed toothed disc (102) and the movable toothed disc (202); When the extension milling head (3) is installed, a lower toothed disc (301) is fixed on the top step surface of the second spindle box (309) of the extension milling head (3), and the lower toothed disc (301) and the fixed toothed disc (102) form a two-toothed disc set. After the docking is completed, the lower toothed disc (301) and the fixed toothed disc (102) are engaged and locked.

2. The automatic exchange structure for machine tool accessory heads with two toothed discs and three toothed discs according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Four locking cylinders are arranged at diagonal positions inside the transition plate (101), and the locking cylinders actively control the lifting of the common connection plate (204). A spring is arranged at the bottom of the common connection plate (204) to passively lift the common connection plate (204).

3. The automatic exchange structure for machine tool accessory heads with two toothed discs and three toothed discs according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Two guide pin holes and two pin sleeve holes are symmetrically arranged on the transition plate (101), and pin sleeves (105) are embedded in the two pin sleeve holes. The guide pins on the universal milling head (2), the extension milling head (3), and the anti-chip plate assembly (4) cooperate with the guide pin holes to provide guidance for the meshing of the three-toothed disc set and the two-toothed disc set and the docking of the quick-connect coupling joint; the guide pin shaft (222) on the common connecting plate (204) cooperates with the pin sleeve (105) to provide floating support guidance for the movement of the common connecting plate (204) to avoid over-positioning.

4. The automatic exchange structure for machine tool accessory heads with two toothed discs and three toothed discs according to claim 3 is characterized in that: One of the two guide pin holes is grooved on its outer side and is provided with a cover plate (109) and a switch bracket (112). Two proximity switches arranged up and down are provided on the switch bracket (112). The proximity switch outputs a signal combination corresponding to the accessory head.

5. The automatic exchange structure for machine tool accessory heads with two toothed discs and three toothed discs according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A vertical shaft sleeve (217) is rotatably arranged in the inner center hole of the outer shell (205) of the universal milling head (2), a disc sleeve (223) is fixed on the top of the vertical shaft sleeve (217), and the movable gear disc (202) is fixed on the top of the disc sleeve (223); A connecting sleeve (219) is slidably mounted in the top center hole of the vertical shaft sleeve (217) and a rectangular spring (218) is arranged between the vertical shaft sleeve (217) and the connecting sleeve (219); A plane needle roller bearing (220) is installed on the bottom step surface of the common connection plate (204), and the connecting sleeve (219) fits the plane needle roller bearing (220) under the lifting action of the rectangular spring (218).

6. The automatic exchange structure for machine tool accessory heads with two toothed discs and three toothed discs according to claim 5 is characterized in that: A transmission shaft (232) is relatively rotatably mounted at the center of the vertical shaft sleeve (217); an external gear (231) is fixed to a sleeve at a stepped surface near the top of the transmission shaft (232); an internal gear (230) is coaxially fixed to the lower end of the connecting sleeve (219); when the internal gear (230) and the connecting sleeve (219) reach the same height as the external gear (231), the two mesh and transmit.

7. The automatic exchange structure for machine tool accessory heads with two toothed discs and three toothed discs according to claim 6 is characterized in that: A transmission disc (226) is fixed at the top of the transmission shaft (232), the transmission disc (226) is fixed to the tool handle (224) via an angular contact ball bearing (237), and the tool handle (224) is connected to the machine tool spindle via a rivet; a sealing sleeve (233) is fixed to the bottom end surface of the disc sleeve (223), and a plurality of concentric bosses are provided on the sealing sleeve (233), which cooperate with the concentric annular grooves provided on the lower surface of the transmission disc (226) to form a sealing labyrinth.

8. The automatic exchange structure for machine tool accessory heads with two toothed discs and three toothed discs as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The extended milling head (3) includes a second spindle box (309), a second spindle (310) is vertically rotatably arranged at the center of the second spindle box (309), a broaching rod (325) is coaxially arranged in the center hole of the second spindle (310), a disc spring (305) is sleeved on the outer side of the broaching rod (325), a top sleeve (315) is arranged on the top of the disc spring (305), a stopper (317) is arranged above the top sleeve (315) to limit it, and the disc spring (305) is locked by a locking nut (302) to apply an initial force, and the locking nut (302) is threadedly connected to the broaching rod (325).

9. The automatic exchange structure for machine tool accessory heads with two toothed discs and three toothed discs according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The top outer side of the second main shaft (310) is threadedly connected to a transmission sleeve (316), a support sleeve (320) is fixed in the center hole of the transmission sleeve (316), a copper sleeve (324) is provided in the inner cavity of the upper end of the support sleeve (320) to wrap the broaching rod (325), a tool handle sleeve (322) is slidably provided on the outer side of the support sleeve (320), a lifting spring (319) is provided at the lower end of the tool handle sleeve (322), the upper part of the tool handle sleeve (322) is limited by an elastic clamp ring (323) for the shaft fixed on the outer side of the support sleeve, and the bottom of the lifting spring (319) is in contact with the transmission sleeve (316).

10. The automatic exchange structure for machine tool accessory heads with two toothed discs and three toothed discs as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The chip prevention plate assembly (4) comprises a chip prevention plate (403), and four pull pins (402) are symmetrically arranged at the four corners of the top of the chip prevention plate (403), corresponding to the positions of the locking cylinders on the transition plate assembly (1). When the upper surface of the chip prevention plate (403) is in contact with the lower surface of the transition plate (101), the internal parts of the transition plate assembly (1) are protected from contamination. At least two cooling nozzles (406) are also installed at the bottom of the chip prevention plate (403), and the cooling nozzles (406) are arranged toward one side.

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