A method for forming underwater vehicle fin rudder based on carbon fiber composite materials
By adopting the high-stiffness and high-toughness fin rudder forming method of carbon fiber composite materials, the problem of high density and insufficient stiffness in the existing technology is solved, and the low density, high stiffness and high toughness of the fin rudder is achieved, and the navigation is improved The energy carrying capacity and manipulation efficiency of the device.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411355120.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-08-30
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-27
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-17
- Estimated Expiration
- 2044-09-27
AI Technical Summary
The existing underwater fin rudders mainly use metal materials with high density and heavy mass, which leads to the small amount of energy that can carry as a whole. The carbon fiber composites are prone to peeling under high torque, and the stiffness and strength are insufficient, resulting in flutter and Stream noise affects the quiet navigation and maneuverability of the vehicle.
Using a high-rigidity and high-toughness fin rudder forming method based on carbon fiber composite materials, multi-layer epoxy carbon fiber cloth and hollow glass microbeads are embedded layer by layer and laminated into a plate-like body, and processed into a shaft sleeve and a half-fin plate, and wound. Unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg is carried out and high-temperature and high-pressure molding is carried out to form a high modulus and high-strength fin rudder.
The low density, high stiffness and high toughness of the fin rudder are achieved, which avoids high torque cracking of the fiber material laminated structure and large tremor and deformation under hydrodynamics, reduces the weight of the aircraft, increases the energy carrying capacity, and ensures The quiet navigation and maneuverability of the craft.
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Figure CN118876464B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of underwater vehicles, and in particular relates to a method for forming a fin rudder of an underwater vehicle based on carbon fiber composite materials. Background Art
[0002] With the increasing demands for deep-sea resource exploration and military use, the exploration depth of aircraft is getting deeper and deeper, and the mission range is getting longer and longer. The requirements for their overall performance and energy carrying capacity are also getting higher and higher. Reducing the weight of aircraft to improve carrying performance is one of them.
[0003] Since the counterweight of the aircraft must be such that the positive buoyancy of the aircraft is just slightly greater than 0, and the center of buoyancy, center of gravity, and geometric center are on a straight line, the lighter the aircraft body is, the better the maneuverability and controllability will be under the same energy carrying capacity; at the same time, the larger the counterweight is required, and using high-energy batteries to replace the counterweight is an effective overall optimization measure, which can increase the total amount of energy carried and increase the aircraft's mission range. Therefore, how to reduce the weight of underwater aircraft while maintaining sufficient strength, rigidity, and safety has become a hot topic.
[0004] The present invention mainly proposes an improvement in the method for preparing fins and rudders. Existing fins and rudders of underwater vehicles are mainly made of metal materials, which have high density and heavy mass, resulting in a small amount of energy that the vehicle can carry as a whole. Changing the fin and rudder from metal material to carbon fiber material can reduce the mass of the fin and rudder, but because the carbon fiber composite is formed by bonding layer by layer and has low density, it will cause high torque that the bonding between the fin and rudder layers cannot withstand when the rudder bar moves, causing the carbon fiber to peel. In addition, because the trailing edge of the fin and rudder is extremely thin and light, if it does not have sufficiently high rigidity and strength, it is easy to flutter under the action of strong hydrodynamic forces, generating excessive flow noise, which is not conducive to the quiet navigation of the vehicle and is easily detected by enemy sonar; at the same time, if a large overload occurs, the lower rigidity will cause the fin and rudder to deform greatly, reducing the control efficiency. Summary of the invention
[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming a high-rigidity and high-toughness underwater vehicle fin rudder based on carbon fiber composite materials.
[0006] The present invention provides a method for forming a fin and rudder of an underwater vehicle based on a carbon fiber composite material, comprising the following steps:
[0007] Step 1: embedding multiple layers of epoxy carbon fiber cloth prepreg or epoxy unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg and hollow glass microbead epoxy glass fiber prepreg layer by layer and then laminating them into a plate-like body as a blank.
[0008] Step 2: Use the blank to process the shaft sleeve and two half-fin plates respectively; both half-fin plates are provided with half-waist grooves matching the shaft sleeve for installing the shaft sleeve.
[0009] Step three, wind multiple layers of unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg on the sleeve, lay the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg on the opposite sides of the two half fins, and assemble the sleeve and the two half fins together to form a complete fin; after winding the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg on the complete fin, perform high temperature and high pressure molding on the complete fin, so that the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg wrapped on the outside of the complete fin, the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg laid on the opposite sides of the half fins, and the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg wrapped on the sleeve are fixed to the main body.
[0010] Step 4: Butt the rudder stock and the end of the sleeve together to form a fin rudder.
[0011] Preferably, the epoxy carbon fiber cloth prepreg or epoxy unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg laminated into a plate-like body and the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg wrapped on the sleeve are high modulus materials with a modulus range of 180Gpa~200Gpa; the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg wrapped on the complete fin plate adopts high-strength unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg with a strength range of 2000Mpa~2200Mpa.
[0012] Preferably, before executing step 4, the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg layer on the complete fin plate at the end of the sleeve is cut so that the end of the sleeve is exposed.
[0013] Preferably, the two side surfaces of the half fin plate are respectively a plane and a convex streamlined curved surface; the half waist groove is opened on the plane. In the complete fin plate obtained in step 3, the plane sides of the two half fin plates fit each other; the half waist grooves on the two half fin plates are combined to form a complete waist groove; the shaft sleeve is fixed in the complete waist groove.
[0014] Preferably, the half fin includes an integrally formed fin base and fin wing; the fin wing gradually increases in width from the head end to the tail end of the complete fin. The direction from the head end to the tail end of the fin is the opposite direction of the forward direction of the fin rudder in the water.
[0015] Preferably, in step 4, the rudder stock is inserted into the shaft sleeve and connected to the shaft sleeve by screws. A clearance hole corresponding to the position of the screw is provided on the half fin plate.
[0016] Preferably, in the step three, 2 to 6 layers of unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg are used to wind the shaft sleeve; and 2 to 6 layers of unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg are used to lay on opposite sides of the two half-fins.
[0017] Preferably, the process of winding the complete fin with high-strength unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg in step three is as follows: first, use the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg to wrap multiple layers on the complete fin along the length direction of the fin; then use the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg to wrap multiple layers on the complete fin along the width direction of the fin; the total number of layers of high-strength unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg wrapped around the complete fin is 6 to 10 layers.
[0018] Preferably, the winding process of winding a layer of unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg on the complete fin along the length direction of the fin rudder is: starting from one end of the inner side of the complete fin plate, and gradually winding the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg along the length direction of the fin rudder and toward the outer side of the complete fin plate.
[0019] The winding process of winding a layer of unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg on the complete fin along the width direction of the fin rudder is: starting from the tail end of the complete fin, the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg is gradually wound along the width direction of the fin rudder toward the head end of the complete fin.
[0020] Preferably, in step 3, the heating temperature is 100°C to 200°C, the heating time is 1.5h to 2.5h, and the nominal molding pressure is 15 to 50kg / cm 2 .
[0021] Preferably, in step 2, the two half-fin plates are symmetrical to each other.
[0022] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0023] 1. The present invention, based on a laminated high modulus carbon fiber plywood blank, adopts a method of winding multiple layers of unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg in the warp and weft directions to form a fin rudder, which fully utilizes the high strength of the fiber material in the warp direction to make it have a low density while having high strength, high stiffness and high toughness on the outside, thereby preventing the laminated structure of the fiber material from being easily peeled off under high torque, or from generating large vibrations and deformations under hydrodynamic forces due to low stiffness; at the same time, since the density of the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg is lower than that of metal materials and hollow glass microbeads are introduced, the manufactured fin rudder has a lighter mass, which reduces the overall weight of the aircraft, improves the battery capacity, and increases the total amount of portable energy.
[0024] 2. The present invention adopts a method of first CNC machining and assembly and then heating and compression molding, so that the fin rudder is not easy to deform, has good molding ability, and has high dimensional accuracy and positioning accuracy after molding; at the same time, the central axis of the present invention overlaps with the symmetry line, which can meet the zero lift position requirement after the fin rudder is assembled.
[0025] 3. Compared with existing underwater vehicle fins and rudders, the fins and rudders manufactured by the present invention have the characteristics of overall low density, high internal rigidity, and high external toughness. They can achieve the effect of weight reduction without causing flutter, and have good molding ability, and can be widely used in the field of aircraft. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] Figure 1 It is the overall flow chart of the present invention.
[0027] Figure 2 It is a bottom view of the fin rudder in the present invention.
[0028] Figure 3 It is a stereoscopic diagram of the fin rudder in the present invention.
[0029] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fin rudder in the present invention.
[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a radially wound complete fin plate in the present invention.
[0031] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a complete fin plate wound laterally in the present invention.
[0032] Figure numerals: 1. half fin plate; 2. half waist groove; 3. shaft sleeve; 4. rudder stock; 5. fin base; 6. fin wing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0033] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for forming a fin rudder of an underwater vehicle based on a carbon fiber composite material comprises the following steps:
[0035] Step 1: clamp and laminate high modulus multi-layer epoxy carbon fiber cloth prepreg (epoxy bidirectional carbon fiber prepreg) or epoxy unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg with multi-layer modulus of 180Gpa~200Gpa and hollow glass microbead glass fiber prepreg layer by layer into a plate-like body as a blank.
[0036] Step 2: Figure 2 , 3 As shown in , 4, the blank is used to obtain the sleeve 3 and two half fins 1 through CNC processing (computer digital control precision machining); the two half fins 1 are mirror-symmetrical; the two sides of the half fin 1 are respectively a plane and a convex streamlined surface; a half waist groove 2 matching the sleeve 3 is opened on the plane of the half fin 1 for installing the sleeve 3. The half fin 1 includes an integrally formed fin base 5 and a fin wing 6; the width of the fin wing 6 gradually increases from the head end to the tail end of the complete fin; the direction from the head end to the tail end of the complete fin is the opposite direction of the forward direction of the fin rudder in the water. A clearance hole is respectively set on the half waist groove 2 of the fin base 5 and the fin wing 6, which corresponds to the hole column set on the sleeve 3.
[0037] Step 3: Clean and dry the processed shaft sleeve 3 and the two half fins 1 respectively.
[0038] Step 4: Figure 5 and 6As shown, after winding 2 to 6 layers of high modulus unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg on the sleeve 3, the sleeve 3 and the two half fins 1 are assembled together, and the opposite sides of the two half fins 1 are bonded with 2 to 6 layers of unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg to form a complete fin; the half waist grooves 2 on the two half fins 1 are enclosed to form a complete waist groove; the sleeve 3 is fixed in the complete waist groove. Use high-strength unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg with a strength of 2000Mpa to 2200Mpa to wind 6 to 10 layers on the complete fin along the length direction of the fin rudder; then use high-strength unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg to wind 6 to 10 layers on the complete fin along the width direction of the fin rudder; the winding method of each layer of high-strength unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg is: starting from one end of the inner side of the complete fin, the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg is wound along the length direction of the fin rudder and gradually toward the outside of the complete fin. Starting from the tail end of the complete fin, the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg is wound along the width direction of the fin rudder and gradually toward the head end of the complete fin. After the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg is wrapped around the complete fin, the complete fin is molded, heated and pressurized. The heating temperature is 100℃~200℃, the heating time is 1.5h~2.5h, and the nominal pressure of the pressurization is 15kg / cm 2 ~50kg / cm 2 , so that the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg wrapped around the outside of the complete fin, the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg laid on the opposite side of the half fin, and the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg wrapped around the sleeve are fixed to the main body.
[0039] Step 5: Cut the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg layer at the end of the sleeve 3 and the clearance hole on the complete fin plate, expose the end of the sleeve 3, and make the central axis of the complete fin plate overlap with the symmetry line. Insert the rudder stock 4 into the sleeve 3, insert the shoulder screw into the clearance hole and tighten it to fix the rudder stock 4 to form a fin rudder. Fill (grind), clean and clean the clearance hole. Fine-tune the outer shell of the fin rudder, spray paint, and achieve a matte effect, and make it flat and flawless.
[0040] Step 6: Compare the fin rudder obtained in step 5 with the fin rudder made of traditional materials. The comparison results are shown in Table 1.
[0041] Table 1 Comparison between fin rudder and traditional materials
[0042] Elastic modulus Tensile Strength Bending strength of vertical symmetry plane <![CDATA[Density ( kg / m 3 )]]> The present invention 190 2100 1400 1250 General purpose unidirectional carbon fiber molded composites 57 1800 510 1550 7 series aluminum alloy 75 600 550 2710 316L Stainless Steel 195 620 600 7980
[0043] As can be seen from Table 1, the fin rudder prepared by conventional carbon fiber through the molding scheme has a high tensile strength, but a low elastic modulus and flexural strength. This is because conventional carbon fiber composites can only have a high tensile strength in the parallel fiber direction. In the vertical fiber direction, due to the influence of the resin, it does not have a high flexural strength, and it is easy to produce delamination failure. The aluminum alloy and stainless steel materials commonly used to make fin rudders have a high elastic modulus and flexural strength, but a large density, especially stainless steel, which is not conducive to weight reduction. Aluminum alloy has moderate performance parameters, but it still does not have excellent parameters when ruddering at a large angle of attack, and the weight reduction effect is also general. The fin rudder prepared by the present invention has the characteristics of high modulus and high stiffness provided by the internal high-strength fiber, and the characteristics of high tensile strength provided by the external high-strength fiber. The performance parameters are far higher than the characteristic parameters of conventional carbon fiber composites, aluminum alloys and stainless steel. At the same time, due to the introduction of hollow glass microspheres, the density is much lower than other materials. It has an absolute advantage in reducing the weight of the aircraft while maintaining excellent mechanical parameters. Parameter comparison also verifies the advantages of the present invention in aircraft applications.
Claims
1. A method for forming an underwater vehicle fin rudder based on carbon fiber composite materials, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: embedding multiple layers of epoxy carbon fiber cloth prepreg or epoxy unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg and hollow glass microbead epoxy glass fiber prepreg layer by layer and laminating them into a plate-like body as a blank; Step 2: The blank is used to process the shaft sleeve (3) and two half-fin plates (1) respectively; the two half-fin plates (1) are both provided with a half waist groove (2) matching the shaft sleeve (3); Step 3: Winding multiple layers of unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg on the shaft sleeve (3), laying the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg on opposite sides of the two half fins, and assembling the shaft sleeve (3) and the two half fins (1) together to form a complete fin; after winding the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg on the complete fin, performing high temperature and high pressure molding on the complete fin; Step 4: Butt the rudder stock (4) and the end of the shaft sleeve (3) to form a fin rudder.
2. The method for forming underwater vehicle fins and rudders based on carbon fiber composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The epoxy carbon fiber cloth prepreg or epoxy unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg laminated into a plate-like body and the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg wound on the shaft sleeve (3) are high modulus materials with a modulus range of 180Gpa to 200Gpa; the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg wound on the complete fin plate adopts high-strength unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg with a strength range of 2000Mpa to 2200Mpa.
3. The method for forming underwater vehicle fins and rudders based on carbon fiber composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before executing step 4, the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg layer on the complete fin plate at the end of the shaft sleeve (3) is cut so that the end of the shaft sleeve (3) is exposed.
4. The method for forming underwater vehicle fins and rudders based on carbon fiber composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two half fin plates (1) are symmetrical to each other, and the two side surfaces of the two half fin plates (1) are respectively a plane and a convex streamlined curved surface; the half waist groove (2) is opened on the plane; in the complete fin plate obtained in step 3, the plane sides of the two half fin plates (1) are fitted to each other; the half waist grooves (2) on the two half fin plates (1) are combined to form a complete waist groove; and the shaft sleeve (3) is fixed in the complete waist groove.
5. The method for forming underwater vehicle fins and rudders based on carbon fiber composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The half fin (1) comprises an integrally formed fin base (5) and a fin wing (6); the width of the fin wing (6) gradually increases from the head end to the tail end of the complete fin.
6. The method for forming underwater vehicle fins and rudders based on carbon fiber composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above-mentioned step 4, the rudder stock (4) is inserted into the shaft sleeve (3) and connected to the shaft sleeve (3) by means of screws; and a clearance hole corresponding to the position of the screw is provided on the half fin plate (1).
7. The method for forming underwater vehicle fins and rudders based on carbon fiber composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step three, 2 to 6 layers of unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg are used to wind the shaft sleeve (3); and 2 to 6 layers of unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg are used to lay on opposite sides of the two half fins (1).
8. The method for forming underwater vehicle fins and rudders based on carbon fiber composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of winding the complete fin with high-strength unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg in step three is as follows: first, use the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg to wrap multiple layers on the complete fin along the length direction of the fin; then use the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg to wrap multiple layers on the complete fin along the width direction of the fin; the total number of layers of high-strength unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg wrapped around the complete fin is 6 to 10 layers.
9. The method for forming underwater vehicle fins and rudders based on carbon fiber composite materials according to claim 8, characterized in that: The winding process of winding a layer of unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg on the complete fin along the length direction of the fin and rudder is: starting from one of the inner ends of the complete fin, winding the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg along the length direction of the fin and rudder and gradually toward the outer side of the complete fin; the winding process of winding a layer of unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg on the complete fin along the width direction of the fin and rudder is: starting from the tail end of the complete fin, winding the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg along the width direction of the fin and rudder and gradually toward the head end of the complete fin.
10. The method for forming underwater vehicle fins and rudders based on carbon fiber composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3, during the high temperature and high pressure molding process of the complete fin plate, the heating temperature is 100°C to 200°C, the heating time is 1.5h to 2.5h, and the nominal molding pressure is 15 to 50kg / cm 2 .