A biological fertilizer for promoting high yield of interplanted strawberries under forests and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a biofertilizer for promoting high yield of interplanted strawberries under forests and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of strawberry planting. The biofertilizer includes water fertilizer and solid bacterial fertilizer, wherein the water fertilizer is prepared by combining improved MS nutrient solution, p-hydroxyacetophenone, and 1,2-hexanediol; the solid bacterial fertilizer is prepared by mixing microbial agents, peat soil, oil cake, coconut shell charcoal, modified starch, and earthworm manure. The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art, and the combined application of water fertilizer and solid bacterial fertilizer can effectively promote the survival rate of transplanted strawberry seedlings, and promote the growth and development of strawberries, thereby achieving the purpose of high yield.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of strawberry planting, and in particular to a biological fertilizer for promoting high yield of interplanted strawberries under forests and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Understory intercropping technology is an efficient agricultural planting model, a composite planting method that simultaneously plants multiple crops in forest land. This technology aims to make full use of the spatial and resource advantages of forest land, improve land utilization, and achieve a win-win situation for forests and crops.

[0003] Generally speaking, young orchards have no economic benefits in the first three years. In the early stage of planting, most of them adopt intercropping of other crops under the forest to achieve certain economic benefits. Strawberry is a high-economic crop with a short growth cycle, quick results and high economic benefits. Intercropping strawberries under the forest can effectively increase farmers' economic income.

[0004] Interplanting strawberries in young orchards can not only improve the economic benefits of planting, but also effectively inhibit the growth of weeds. The roots and fallen leaves of strawberries can increase the organic matter content of the soil, improve the soil structure, and increase soil fertility. On this basis, further improving the yield and quality of interplanted strawberries under the forest can effectively improve the economic benefits of planting. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a biological fertilizer for promoting high yield of interplanted strawberries under forests and a preparation method thereof. The combined application of water fertilizer and solid bacterial fertilizer can effectively promote the survival rate of transplanted strawberry seedlings and promote the growth and development of strawberries, thereby achieving the purpose of high yield.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A biological fertilizer for promoting high yield of interplanted strawberries under forests, the biological fertilizer comprising water fertilizer and solid bacterial fertilizer, and the water fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials: improved MS nutrient solution + 100-120 mg / L p-hydroxyacetophenone + 60-100 mg / L 1,2-hexanediol; wherein the contents of trace elements and iron salts in the improved MS nutrient solution remain unchanged, and the components of macroelements are improved to 1820 mg / L NH4NO3, 1400 mg / L KNO3, 500 mg / L CaCl2·2H2O, 120 mg / L MgSO4·7H2O, and 120 mg / L KH2PO4 300mg / L; the organic components are improved to inositol 150mg / L, nicotinic acid 1mg / L, pyridoxine hydrochloride 0.1mg / L, thiamine hydrochloride 10mg / L, and glycine 5mg / L; the solid bacterial fertilizer is composed of the following materials by weight: 8-10 parts of microbial agent, 12-15 parts of peat soil, 4-8 parts of oil cake, 10-12 parts of coconut shell charcoal, 6-8 parts of modified starch, and 6-10 parts of earthworm feces; and the microbial agent is prepared by fermenting aloe vera powder and cooked loofah powder, inoculated with yeast, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma harzianum.

[0008] Preferably, the preparation method of the microbial agent comprises the following steps:

[0009] S1-1, crushing fresh aloe vera and freeze-drying it to obtain aloe vera powder for later use;

[0010] S1-2, cutting the sponge gourd into pieces and steaming them for 30-40 minutes, and then drying and crushing them to obtain cooked sponge gourd powder for later use;

[0011] S1-3, mixing aloe vera powder and cooked loofah powder in a mass ratio of 1-3:1-3, adding 10-20 times the volume of clean water, stirring to form a slurry for later use;

[0012] S1-4, inoculating yeast, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum into the above slurry, fermenting for 2-4 days, and then spray drying to obtain a microbial agent.

[0013] Preferably, in step S1-4, the inoculation amount of yeast, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum is 0.5%-1.5%, and the live bacteria amount of yeast, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum is 10 6 -10 8 Pieces / g.

[0014] Preferably, the preparation method of the modified starch comprises the following steps:

[0015] S2-1, add 3-5 times of deionized water to corn starch, stir evenly and adjust the pH to 8.5-9, and then treat in a water bath at 68±2℃ for 20-30min to obtain pregelatinized starch slurry;

[0016] S2-2, adjusting the pH of the pregelatinized starch slurry to neutral, and drying it to a moisture content of 20-30%, to obtain a pretreated starch material for standby use;

[0017] S2-3, treating the pretreated starch material at a microwave temperature of 100-110° C. for 30-40 seconds to obtain modified starch.

[0018] The preparation method of biofertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0019] (1) Preparation of water fertilizer: Mix and prepare water fertilizer according to the content of each component;

[0020] (2) After dispersing the microbial agent with water, add coconut shell charcoal and stir at a high speed of 800-1000 r / min to obtain a premix for use;

[0021] (3) Add the modified starch to the premix and stir evenly, then dry until the moisture content is 30-40% to obtain the mixture for use;

[0022] (4) Mix peat soil, oil cake and earthworm feces and add them to the above mixture. Stir thoroughly and then granulate and dry to obtain solid bacterial fertilizer.

[0023] Preferably, the high-speed stirring time in step (2) is 15-30 minutes.

[0024] Preferably, the drying temperature in step (3) is 40-50°C.

[0025] The method of using biofertilizer includes the following steps:

[0026] (1) Use of water and fertilizer:

[0027] Before transplanting the strawberry seedlings, mix water and fertilizer with oxazolidinone and kresoxim-methyl to soak the roots; after the strawberry seedlings have finished acclimatization, drip irrigation is carried out every 10-15 days;

[0028] (2) Use of solid bacterial fertilizer:

[0029] Mix solid bacterial fertilizer and manure as base fertilizer and apply it before transplanting strawberry seedlings.

[0030] Preferably, in the step (1), the amount of oxadipate added to the water fertilizer during the root soaking treatment is 100-120 mg / L, and the amount of kresoxim-methyl added to the water fertilizer is 80-100 mg / L.

[0031] Preferably, in step (2), the mass ratio of the solid bacterial fertilizer to the manure is 1:3-5, and the amount of base fertilizer applied is 500-550 kg / mu.

[0032] The present invention provides a biological fertilizer for promoting high yield of interplanted strawberries under forests and a preparation method thereof, which has the advantages of:

[0033] The present invention provides two kinds of fertilizers, namely, water fertilizer and solid bacterial fertilizer, as planting fertilizers for interplanting strawberries under forests, soaks the roots of strawberry seedlings with the water fertilizer, and subsequently drips the water fertilizer, and combines the solid bacterial fertilizer as base fertilizer, which can significantly improve the transplant survival rate of the strawberry seedlings, accelerate the growth of the strawberry seedlings, promote strawberry harvesting and high yield, and improve the economic benefits of planting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of each planting area in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of planting strawberry seedlings in each planting area in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of strawberry seedlings in each planting area after the end of the seedling acclimatization period in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of Miaoqi strawberry entering the peak fruiting period in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the Akihime strawberry entering the peak fruiting period in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fruit shape of Miaoqi strawberries harvested from planting areas 1-9 in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the fruit shape of Akihime strawberries harvested from planting areas 10-18 in Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] The formulas of the MS nutrient solution and improved MS nutrient solution used below are shown in Tables 1 and 2:

[0043] Table 1

[0044]

[0045] Table 2

[0046] Embodiment 1:

[0047] 1. Preparation of water and fertilizer:

[0048] Prepare water and fertilizer according to the contents in Table 3 below:

[0049] Table 3

[0050]

[0051] 2. Preparation of microbial agents:

[0052] 2.1. Microbial agent A:

[0053] (1) Grind fresh aloe vera and freeze-dry it to obtain aloe vera powder for later use;

[0054] (2) Cut the loofah into pieces and steam them for 30-40 minutes, then dry and crush them to obtain cooked loofah powder for later use;

[0055] (3) Mix aloe vera powder and cooked loofah powder in a mass ratio of 1:1, add 10 times the volume of clean water, and stir to form a slurry for later use;

[0056] (4) Inoculate the above slurry with 1% of the total mass of yeast, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum (the amount of live bacteria of each species is 10 6 -10 8 / g), fermented for 3 days, and then spray-dried to obtain microbial agent A.

[0057] 2.2 Microbial agent B:

[0058] (1) Grind fresh aloe vera and freeze-dry it to obtain aloe vera powder for later use;

[0059] (2) Cut the sponge gourd into pieces, dry and grind at 45°C to obtain sponge gourd powder for later use;

[0060] (3) Mix aloe vera powder and loofah powder in a mass ratio of 1:1, add 10 times the volume of clean water, and stir to form a slurry for later use;

[0061] (4) Inoculate the above slurry with 1% of the total mass of yeast, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum (the amount of live bacteria of each species is 10 6 -10 8 / g), fermented for 3 days, and then spray-dried to obtain microbial agent B.

[0062] 2.3. Microbial agent C:

[0063] Yeast, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum (the amount of live bacteria of each species is 10 6 -108 / g) were inoculated into PDA liquid culture medium, and the inoculation amount was 1% of the total mass of the PDA liquid culture medium. After culture and fermentation for 3 days, the microbial agent C was obtained by spray drying.

[0064] 3. Preparation of modified starch:

[0065] (1) Add 4 times the amount of deionized water to corn starch, stir evenly, adjust the pH to 8.5-9, and then treat in a water bath at 68±2℃ for 25 minutes to obtain pregelatinized starch slurry;

[0066] (2) adjusting the pH of the pregelatinized starch slurry to neutral, and drying it to a moisture content between 20% and 30% to obtain a pretreated starch material for later use;

[0067] (3) Treat the pretreated starch material at a microwave temperature of 110° C. for 30 seconds to obtain modified starch.

[0068] 4. Preparation of solid bacterial fertilizer:

[0069] (1) Disperse the microbial agent with water and then add coconut shell charcoal, stir at a high speed of 800 r / min for 30 min to obtain a premix for use;

[0070] (2) Add the modified starch to the premix and stir evenly, then dry at 45°C until the water content is 30%, and obtain the mixture for use;

[0071] (3) Mix peat soil, oil cake and earthworm feces and add them to the above mixture. Stir thoroughly and then granulate and dry to obtain solid bacterial fertilizer.

[0072] Referring to the above preparation method, different solid bacterial fertilizers were prepared according to the mass proportions of the components in Table 4 below:

[0073] Table 4

[0074] Embodiment 2:

[0075] Understory planting experiment:

[0076] A young mango forest over one year old was selected as the planting area, and the soil in the planting area was sampled for testing, as shown in Table 5 below:

[0077] Table 5

[0078]

[0079] We selected two strawberry seedlings, Miaoqi and Zhangji, as planting materials and processed them according to the following planting methods:

[0080] (1) The planting area is divided into 18 planting areas, of which planting areas 1-9 are used to plant Myoshichi, and planting areas 10-18 are used to plant Akihime;

[0081] (2) Select the strawberry seedlings of Miaoqi and Zhangji with the same growth. Before planting, soak the roots of the strawberry seedlings in soaking liquid for 5 minutes and then take them out. The soaking liquid used for Miaoqi is water fertilizer + 100 mg / L of meprobamate + 80 mg / L of oxathione; the soaking liquid used for Zhangji is water fertilizer + 120 mg / L of meprobamate + 100 mg / L of oxathione;

[0082] (3) Mix solid bacterial fertilizer and chicken manure fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:4 to make base fertilizer, and then apply 500 kg per mu to each planting area. Use a rotary tiller to till the land once, rake the weeds and fertilizer evenly, and then dig trenches and build ridges;

[0083] (4) On September 30, 2022, plant the strawberry seedlings in each planting area and water them thoroughly to allow them to take root. Cover them with film after 7 days of acclimatization. Drip irrigation with water and fertilizer is then carried out every 10-15 days (avoid rainy weather), with each drip irrigation lasting 3 minutes.

[0084] The specific strawberry varieties, water fertilizers, and solid fertilizers used in each planting area are shown in Table 6 below:

[0085] Table 6

[0086]

[0087] September 30, 2022 was determined as the planting period for strawberries in each planting area, and the strawberries in each planting area entered the initial flowering period, the peak flowering period, the fruit expansion period, the peak fruit period, and the final fruit period. The specific results are shown in Tables 7 and 8 below:

[0088] Table 7

[0089]

[0090] Table 8

[0091]

[0092] From the above table, we can see that Myoshichi and Akihime in planting areas 1, 2, 10 and 11 can enter the peak fruit-bearing period earlier and achieve the goal of early harvest.

[0093] The quality and yield of strawberries after harvest were tested, and the specific results are shown in Tables 9 and 10 below:

[0094] Table 9

[0095]

[0096] Table 10

[0097]

[0098] From the above tests, it can be seen that the strawberries planted in planting areas 1-2 and 10-11 have higher yield and quality.

[0099] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biological fertilizer for promoting high yield of strawberry interplanted under forests, characterized in that: The biological fertilizer comprises water fertilizer and solid bacterial fertilizer, and the water fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials: improved MS nutrient solution + 100-120 mg / L p-hydroxyacetophenone + 60-100 mg / L 1,2-hexanediol; wherein the contents of trace elements and iron salts in the improved MS nutrient solution remain unchanged, and the macroelement components are improved to 1820 mg / L NH4NO3, 1400 mg / L KNO3, 500 mg / L CaCl2·2H2O, 120 mg / L MgSO4·7H2O, and 300 mg / L KH2PO4; and the organic components are improved to 150 mg / L inositol, 1 mg / L nicotinic acid, 0.1 mg / L pyridoxine hydrochloride, 10 mg / L thiamine hydrochloride, and 5 mg / L glycine; The solid bacterial fertilizer is composed of the following materials by weight: 8-10 parts of microbial agent, 12-15 parts of peat soil, 4-8 parts of oil cake, 10-12 parts of coconut shell charcoal, 6-8 parts of modified starch, and 6-10 parts of earthworm feces; and the microbial agent is prepared by mixing aloe vera powder and cooked loofah powder and inoculating yeast, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma harzianum for fermentation; The preparation method of the modified starch comprises the following steps: S2-1, add 3-5 times of deionized water to corn starch, stir evenly and adjust the pH to 8.5-9, and then treat in a water bath at 68±2℃ for 20-30min to obtain pregelatinized starch slurry; S2-2, adjusting the pH of the pregelatinized starch slurry to neutral, and drying it to a moisture content of 20-30%, to obtain a pretreated starch material for standby use; S2-3, treating the pretreated starch material at a microwave temperature of 100-110° C. for 30-40 seconds to obtain modified starch.

2. The biological fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method of the microbial agent comprises the following steps: S1-1, crushing fresh aloe vera and freeze-drying it to obtain aloe vera powder for later use; S1-2, cut the sponge gourd into pieces and steam them for 30-40 minutes, then dry and crush them to obtain cooked sponge gourd powder for later use; S1-3, mixing aloe vera powder and cooked loofah powder in a mass ratio of 1-3:1-3, adding 10-20 times the volume of clean water, stirring to form a slurry for later use; S1-4, inoculating yeast, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum into the above slurry, fermenting for 2-4 days, and then spray drying to obtain a microbial agent.

3. The biological fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1-4, the inoculation amount of yeast, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum is 0.5%-1.5%, and the live bacteria amount of yeast, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum is 10 6 -10 8 Pieces / g.

4. A method for preparing a biological fertilizer for promoting high yield of strawberry interplanted under forests as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) Preparation of water fertilizer: Mix and prepare water fertilizer according to the content of each component; (2) After dispersing the microbial agent with water, add coconut shell charcoal and stir at a high speed of 800-1000 r / min to obtain a premix for use; (3) Add the modified starch to the premix and stir evenly, then dry until the water content is 30-40% to obtain the mixture for use; (4) Mix peat soil, oil cake and earthworm feces and add them to the above mixture. Stir thoroughly and then granulate and dry to obtain solid bacterial fertilizer.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The time of high-speed stirring in step (2) is 15-30 minutes.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The drying temperature in step (3) is 40-50°C.

7. A method for using the biological fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The method for using the biofertilizer comprises the following steps: (1) Use of water and fertilizer: Before transplanting the strawberry seedlings, mix water and fertilizer with oxazolidinone and kresoxim-methyl to soak the roots; after the strawberry seedlings have finished acclimatization, drip irrigation is carried out every 10-15 days; (2) Use of solid bacterial fertilizer: Mix solid bacterial fertilizer and manure as base fertilizer and apply it before transplanting strawberry seedlings.

8. The method of use according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step (1), during the root soaking treatment, the amount of oxadipate added to the water fertilizer is 100-120 mg / L, and the amount of kresoxim-methyl added to the water fertilizer is 80-100 mg / L.

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