Method for cultivating good camellia chrysantha strain through bare-root transplanting and grafting of adult camellia trees

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating a good camellia chrysantha strain through bare-root transplanting and grafting of a camellia adult tree. The method comprises the following operation steps: (1) stock preparation and bagging; (2) grafting; (3) management after grafting; (4) field planting and management. According to the method, the stock stump is excavated in a completely bare-root mode, the treatment method of stump root systems, branches and the like is easy to operate, transportation is convenient, labor is little, cost is low, and centralized grafting management is facilitated; the adopted pulp root treatment can provide nutrition for the rootstock, can also play a role in sterilization and insect killing under specific humidity, and can inhibit the possibility that the excavated rootstock suffers from diseases and pests as much as possible; according to the method, stock transplanting and scion grafting are conducted at the same time, the cultivation time of large-specification camellia nitidissima plants can be effectively shortened, the cultivation cost is reduced, and early yield and high yield of grafted trees are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of camellia chrysantha production and cultivation, and in particular to a method for cultivating excellent camellia chrysantha strains by bare-root transplanting and grafting of adult camellia trees. Background Art

[0002] Camellia nitidissima is a plant of the Theaceae, Camellia, Sect. Chrysantha Chang. It is an evergreen shrub or small tree and is a rare ornamental plant and germplasm resource in the world. It enjoys the reputation of "Queen of Tea", "Plant Giant Panda" and "Dream Camellia". Camellia nitidissima contains a variety of trace elements, amino acids, vitamins, tea polyphenols, tea polysaccharides, flavonoids and saponins that have important health effects on the human body, making it very suitable for tea making. Camellia nitidissima also has high medicinal value and is often used to treat diseases such as pharyngitis, dysentery, nephritis, edema, and urinary tract infection. The efficacy of Camellia nitidissima is recorded in the "Guangxi Ethnic Medicine Compendium", "Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Standards" and "Guangxi Medicinal Plant List". Camellia nitidissima is included in the "Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Zhuang Medicine Quality Standards (Volume 2)"; in 2010, Camellia nitidissima was approved as a new resource food by the former Ministry of Health.

[0003] At present, Camellia chrysantha has been developed into various types of products, mainly including tea and health food, including flower tea, bud tea, and tea bags, as well as concentrated beverages, oral liquids, solid beverages, lozenges, etc., and the related products are selling well in the market. Among them, flower tea is one of the most important categories of Camellia chrysantha products, with high prices and good market sales. Rapidly cultivating excellent Camellia chrysantha strains with large flowers, good flower shapes and high yields to meet the demand for high-quality flower tea raw materials for Camellia chrysantha has broad application potential.

[0004] At present, the use of large-stock grafting technology is an important way to quickly cultivate large-size seedlings of Camellia chrysantha: China's application CN103125243 discloses a method for high-position grafting and seedling cultivation of Camellia chrysantha plants, which selects 60-year-old Camellia oleifera field-planted seedlings as rootstocks for grafting and cultivating Camellia chrysantha. Since the rootstock tree is large, the trunk is high and the crown is large, independent space protection measures are adopted after grafting, that is, protective covers are made according to the size of the tree, which is not only more cost-effective, but also time-consuming and labor-intensive in the later management of sprout removal, sterilization, fertilization, etc., and there is a problem of difficulty in grafting management. China's application CN 111296099 discloses a large-branch grafting method of Camellia chrysantha, which uses red dew rootstock Camellia field-planted trees as rootstocks and implements Camellia chrysantha grafting and propagation, but after the grafting survives, there is still a problem of difficulty in management, such as the grafted trees may be relatively scattered, and it is necessary to set up shade sheds for each tree, and the cost of water and fertilizer management, pest control, and picking in the later stage is also relatively high. CN 105993626 discloses a method for cultivating potted Camellia chrysantha. The technology uses Camellia oleifera as a rootstock, transplants the rootstock tree body to a seedling bag and then grafts it after it survives, including two processes: rootstock tree body cultivation and seedling cultivation after grafting. This is not conducive to the rapid cultivation of Camellia chrysantha and also increases management costs. The technology separately bags each grafted part after grafting, which has the problems of low grafting survival rate and great management difficulty. For example, the bagging of the grafting port is easily affected by rain erosion and affects its survival rate. Each scion needs to open the bag for desprouting and disinfection, and then bag it again, and this process is repeated, which increases management costs.

[0005] The prior art also uses bare roots of Camellia oleifera as rootstocks, but they also have the problem of slow growth. It takes at least four or five years for potted plants to take shape and be ornamental. In addition, adult bare roots of Camellia oleifera are used as rootstocks. Adult bare root trees may carry diseases and insect pests, which will increase the difficulty of disease management during the cultivation of Camellia chrysantha and affect the healthy growth of the plants.

[0006] In addition, traditional Camellia chrysantha cultivation is mainly based on ground planting under forests, which has inconsistent light and soil environment, affecting the consistency and stability of Camellia chrysantha growth; the biological and non-biological environment under forests is more complex, resulting in more diseases and insect pests; the Camellia chrysantha planted under forests is more scattered, with high management costs and difficulties. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to establish a low-cost Camellia chrysantha planting method suitable for standardized management. Developing a rapid cultivation technology for excellent Camellia chrysantha strains with high grafting survival rate, relatively fast growth rate and low management cost is of great significance to the development of the Camellia chrysantha industry. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for cultivating excellent varieties of Camellia chrysantha by bare-root transplanting and grafting of adult Camellia trees. The method uses adult bare-root Camellia trees as rootstocks and excellent varieties of Camellia chrysantha as scions. The rootstock transplanting and grafting cultivation are carried out simultaneously. After 2 years of grafting, the tree is planted in a high-soil cultivation method using a root-control seedling raising device. The purpose is to obtain a method for cultivating excellent varieties of Camellia chrysantha with large flowers, good flower shapes and high yields with high grafting survival rate and low management costs. This technology reduces the production cost of cultivating and growing large-scale Camellia chrysantha plants, shortens the cultivation cycle, and has a great driving effect on the development of the Camellia chrysantha industry.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] A method for cultivating an excellent strain of Camellia chrysantha by bare-root transplanting and grafting of adult camellia trees, comprising the following steps:

[0010] (1) Rootstock preparation and bagging

[0011] (1.1) Preparation of nursery grounds;

[0012] (1.2) Rootstock selection;

[0013] (1.3) Crown cutting: Crown cutting is performed on the rootstock plant, leaving only the basic trunk of the plant, cutting off all main branches 80 to 100 cm above the ground, and removing all small branches in the middle and lower parts;

[0014] (1.4) Digging up tree stumps: 2-5 days after crown cutting, dig up the tree when it is not exposed to the sun. Try not to damage the trunk when digging. Shake off the soil after digging to form bare roots. Cut off the main root and lateral roots at one time, leaving a root length of 4-5 times the ground diameter. You can also leave a little margin for processing after going down the mountain. Try to keep the young fine roots and fibrous roots.

[0015] (1.5) Transportation of rootstock stumps: Use moss to moisturize the roots, wrap the trunk with cotton cloth, avoid falling and bumping as much as possible, protect the bark, and transport to the nursery in time;

[0016] (1.6) Treatment of stock stumps before bagging: Place the excavated stumps in a cool place and perform appropriate root cutting, trunk cutting and pruning. Keep 3 to 6 strong main branches with appropriate branching angles and a diameter of 2 to 6 cm as stock, and cut off all other branches. The main branches should be cut off at a height of 60 to 80 cm from the ground. Be careful not to tear the bark of the stock when cutting.

[0017] (1.7) Stump disinfection and root slurry: After brushing the stump, spray the whole tree with fungicide for disinfection. The fungicide is 0.2% to 0.3% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800-1000 times diluted; the root of the stump is treated with root slurry. The root slurry formula is: 10-12kg of 800-1000mg / L ABT rooting powder aqueous solution, 1kg of lime nitrogen, and 5kg of clean and fresh yellow heart soil are mixed into a paste; dry for 30 minutes and then prepare for planting;

[0018] (1.8) Bagging: Plant the rootstock stump in a tree planting bag or seedling bag with a diameter of 40-50 cm and a height of 35-40 cm and nutrient soil, then place it under a shade shed and drench it with water to allow the roots to settle. Grafting should be completed on the same day or the next day after bagging. The cultivation medium should be 30-40% clean loess soil, 30% peat soil, 10-20% coconut bran, 10% perlite, 7% organic fertilizer and 3% superphosphate by volume, and mix well.

[0019] (2) Grafting

[0020] (2.1) Cutting of cuttings: Cut the semi-lignified branches of the current year or one year old with full and healthy development and plump axillary buds in the middle and upper part of the crown of the superior strain of Camellia chrysantha (Camellia chrysantha No. 1). The collection time should be selected on cloudy days or before 9 am and after 5 pm on sunny days. At the same time, the cuttings should be bundled according to the strains and various records should be kept. The cuttings should be transported at a low temperature of 15-20℃ and kept moist. The cuttings should be stored in a cool and humid environment for no more than 3 days.

[0021] (2.2) Rootstock cutting: Improved skin grafting is used to flatten the cross section of the rootstock, with the inside higher and the outside lower, with a slight slope; two longitudinal cuts are made from the edge of the cross section, reaching the wood, with a length of about 2 cm and a width equivalent to the thickness of the scion; the bark is pulled downwards, and 1 to 3 grafting points are opened on each rootstock, and they are evenly distributed; the number of grafting buds is selected according to the diameter of the main branch: if the diameter is less than 3 cm, 1 bud is grafted; if the diameter is 3 cm ≤ the diameter is less than 5 cm, 2 buds are grafted; if the diameter is ≥ 5 cm, 3 buds are grafted;

[0022] (2.3) Cutting the scion: Use a sharp knife to cut a straight downward slant cut on the back of the leaf bud of the scion from slightly below the bud base, about 2 cm long, with the wood slightly visible on the cut surface and the pith visible at the base; cut a short interface directly below the leaf bud, cut into a 20° to 30° slope, in the shape of a horse ear; then cut another flat cut 0.5 cm above the leaf bud to make a 1-bud 1-leaf scion, with all leaves retained; in some scion branches, the leaf buds at the top are very close, so a 2-bud 2-leaf scion can be made;

[0023] (2.4) Scion cutting and binding: Immerse the cut scion wedge-shaped cut into a hormone solution that promotes the healing of the stock and scion for 1 to 2 seconds. The hormone solution is 50 mg / L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) solution. Then, place the long cut surface of the scion inward, align it with the cambium, and insert it into the skin-pulling groove close to one side. The cut surface of the scion is slightly higher than the cut surface of the stock, and then the skin of the stock is covered on the short cut surface of the scion. After the scion is inserted, use a plastic film with strong pulling force and a width of 2 to 2.5 cm to bind the interface from bottom to top, and pay attention to prevent the scion from moving.

[0024] (2.5) Sterilization: Use 1000-1500 times diluted prochloraz, 600-800 times diluted mancozeb and 1000-1200 times diluted benomyl to sterilize the cuttings and grafting sites to prevent pests and diseases from infecting them;

[0025] (2.6) Moisture retention: Build an arch shed with bamboo strips or steel pipes under the shade shed. The arch shed should be 1.5-2.0m high, 2-3m wide and 10-15m long. Put the grafted seedlings into the arch shed, leaving a 30-40cm walkway in the middle, and cover with a new transparent plastic film to seal and retain moisture.

[0026] (3) post-grafting management;

[0027] (4) Planting and management

[0028] (4.1) Planting: Two years after grafting, the grafted trees were planted; 150 to 160 trees were planted per mu with a row spacing of 2.0 m × 2.0 m; the trees were planted with a root controller with a high soil enclosure; the diameter of the root controller was 80 to 100 cm and the depth was 40 to 50 cm; after removing the tree planting bag or seedling bag, the grafted trees were placed in the root controller and the forest was watered after the cultivation medium was added; the cultivation medium was 60% to 70% loess, 10% to 20% peat soil, 7% organic fertilizer, 5% plant ash, 5% lime nitrogen and 3% superphosphate;

[0029] (4.2) Management after planting.

[0030] Preferably, the nursery described in step (1.1) is prepared by selecting a plot with convenient transportation, flat terrain, sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, and good drainage and irrigation as a Camellia chrysantha grafting nursery, and building a shade shed on the nursery with a height of 2.0 to 2.5 m and a shading degree of 70 to 80%.

[0031] Preferably, the rootstock selected in step (1.2) is a 8-15 year old camellia with a ground diameter of 6-10 cm and in good health. The tree shape is required to be full and round, with a distinct and straight trunk, uniform and reasonable branches, and the plant is free of diseases and insect pests.

[0032] Preferably, the post-grafting management in step (3) comprises the following steps:

[0033] (3.1) Water and fertilizer management: Open the film and water thoroughly every 20 days, spray 1000-1500 times dilution of mechlorethamine, 600-800 times dilution of mancozeb and 1000-1200 times dilution of oxazolidinone for sterilization; apply foliar fertilizer after new shoots emerge, using 0.2% urea and 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, spraying alternately every 10 days, and spraying Syngenta Yishibang water-soluble foliar fertilizer containing amino acids once every 20 days until the dormancy period in late November; no root fertilizer is applied in the first year after grafting;

[0034] (3.2) Bud removal: After grafting, remove the rootstock buds every 10 days;

[0035] (3.3) Film removal: After 30-40 days of grafting, the graft will heal and shoot. After 60-70 days, the new shoot will be semi-lignified. Film removal should be done on cloudy or rainy days. First, open the plastic film at both ends of the shed. After 3 days, the plastic film can be completely removed. After 6 months of grafting, remove the plastic band at the grafting site.

[0036] (3.4) Disease and pest control: The new shoots that sprout after grafting are susceptible to anthracnose, which can be controlled by spraying 250g / L pyraclostrobin emulsion suspension at 1000-1500 times or 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granules at 1500 times. Aphids mainly harm new shoots, which can be controlled by spraying 10% imidacloprid wettable powder at 2000-3000 times or 3% acetamiprid at 1500-2000 times. For red leaf blight, algal spot, sooty mold, scale insects, tea leaf rollers and other diseases and pests, adopt a comprehensive control measure combining biological and chemical drugs.

[0037] (3.5) Shaping and pruning: Thinning and pruning are used to cultivate a reasonable and high-yielding tree shape with evenly distributed and balanced main branches and side branches. The specific method of shaping and pruning is as follows: one year after grafting, 3 to 4 branches on each scion are selected as primary branches, and the upper part of the scion is pruned. Two years after grafting, the pruning method of the first year is repeated on the primary branches, and 3 to 4 secondary branches are retained on each side branch. Three years after grafting, the pruning method of the first branch is repeated on the secondary branches, and 3 to 4 tertiary branches are retained on each side branch, gradually cultivating a high-yielding tree shape with a reasonable proportion and even distribution of main branches, secondary branches, and side branches.

[0038] Preferably, the post-planting management described in step (4.2) is management after planting in accordance with relevant technical regulations for Camellia chrysantha cultivation; basal fertilizer is applied once in winter every year, mainly farmyard manure and organic fertilizer, 3-5 kg ​​of farmyard manure or 1-2 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per plant; topdressing is applied once, the fertilization time is from August to September, and 30-50 g of compound fertilizer is applied per plant; foliar fertilizer is increased 3-4 times a year, mainly spraying 0.3-0.5% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, as well as trace elements such as boron, zinc, iron, and molybdenum; the plant protection work policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control" is followed, with agricultural prevention, biological control and physical control as the main, supplemented by chemical control, and comprehensive use of various prevention and control technical measures according to the occurrence and damage characteristics of various pests and diseases.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] (1) The method of the present invention adopts a completely bare-root method for excavating the rootstock stump, and the treatment method for the root system, branches and trunks of the stump is simple to operate, convenient to transport, less labor, low cost, and convenient for centralized grafting management; the pulp root treatment adopted can provide nutrition for the rootstock, and can also play a bactericidal and insecticidal role at a specific humidity, which can minimize the possibility of the rootstock being exposed to diseases and insect pests after excavation;

[0041] (2) The method of the present invention simultaneously carries out rootstock transplanting and scion grafting, which can effectively shorten the cultivation time of large-sized Camellia chrysantha plants, reduce the cultivation cost, and achieve early and high yields of grafted trees;

[0042] (3) The method of the present invention places the newly grafted seedlings together and builds a small plastic greenhouse for sealing and moisture preservation, which is beneficial to the later sterilization, sprout removal, foliar fertilizer spraying and other operations, and reduces management costs; at the same time, the plastic greenhouse can effectively isolate the influence of rainwater, pathogens, pests, etc. on the rootstock and scion, and improve the survival rate of the rootstock and scion;

[0043] (4) The method of the present invention adopts high soil planting with root controllers two years after grafting. Compared with traditional ground planting, root controller planting can reduce nutrient waste in the growth process of Camellia chrysantha, improve nutrient utilization efficiency, reduce water and fertilizer loss, and save water resources; the root controller can also provide a good growth and development environment for Camellia chrysantha, thereby promoting its growth; in addition, the preferred cultivation matrix of the present invention can effectively increase fertilizer efficiency and inhibit pests and diseases, thereby promoting the growth of Camellia chrysantha; and through reasonable close planting, the root controller can save land and increase the output per unit area; at the same time, it is conducive to centralized cultivation management and harvesting, thereby reducing the production cost of Camellia chrysantha. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 This is a picture of the rootstock and scion that have just been grafted using the method of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 2The plant is grafted 6 months after the method of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 3 The method of the present invention is to graft 2-year-old plants.

[0047] Figure 4 The present invention is a plant that has survived grafting for 3 years (i.e., 1 year after planting). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The specific implementation methods are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited by the specific implementation methods. The raw materials and reagents used in the examples are all commercially available unless otherwise specified. The farmyard manure in the examples is any one or two of cow dung, sheep dung, pig dung, and chicken dung; the organic fertilizer is Stanley biological organic fertilizer; the compound fertilizer is Stanley compound fertilizer; and the lime nitrogen is produced by Pengsheng Chemical.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] A method for cultivating an excellent strain of Camellia chrysantha by bare-root transplanting and grafting of adult camellia trees, the operating steps of which are as follows:

[0051] (1) Rootstock preparation and bagging

[0052] (1.1) Nursery site preparation: Select a plot with convenient transportation, flat terrain, sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, and good drainage and irrigation as the Camellia chrysantha grafting nursery site, and build a shade shed on the nursery site. The shade shed should be 2.0 to 2.5 meters high and the shade degree should be 70 to 80%;

[0053] (1.2) Rootstock selection: Select 8-15 year old Hongluzhen Camellia with a ground diameter of 6-10 cm and good health as the rootstock plant. The tree should be full and round in appearance, with a clear and straight trunk, even and reasonable branches, and free of diseases and insect pests.

[0054] (1.3) Crown cutting: Crown cutting is performed on the rootstock plant, leaving only the basic trunk of the plant, cutting off all main branches 80 to 100 cm above the ground, and removing all small branches in the middle and lower parts;

[0055] (1.4) Digging up tree stumps: 2-5 days after the crowning, dig up the plants in early March when there is no direct sunlight. Try not to damage the trunk when digging. Shake off the soil after digging to form bare roots. Cut off the main root and lateral roots at one time, leaving a root length of 4-5 times the ground diameter. You can also leave a little margin for handling after going down the mountain. Try to keep the young fine roots and fibrous roots.

[0056] (1.5) Transportation of rootstock stumps: Use moss to moisturize the roots, wrap the trunk with cotton cloth, avoid falling and bumping as much as possible, protect the bark, and transport to the nursery in time;

[0057] (1.6) Treatment of stock stumps before bagging: Place the excavated stumps in a cool place and perform appropriate root cutting, trunk cutting and pruning. Keep 3 to 6 strong main branches with appropriate branching angles and a diameter of 2 to 6 cm as stock, and cut off all other branches. The main branches should be cut off at a height of 60 to 80 cm from the ground. Be careful not to tear the bark of the stock when cutting.

[0058] (1.7) Stump disinfection and root slurry: After brushing the stump, spray the whole tree with a fungicide, which is 0.2% to 0.3% carbendazim; treat the roots of the stump with a root slurry, using a formula of 11kg of 800-1000mg / L ABT rooting powder aqueous solution, 1kg of lime nitrogen, and 5kg of clean and fresh yellow heart soil to form a paste; dry it for 30 minutes and then prepare for planting;

[0059] (1.8) Bagging: Plant the rootstock stump in a tree planting bag or seedling bag with a diameter of 40-50 cm and a height of 35-40 cm and nutrient soil, then place it under a shade shed and drench it with water to help it take root; complete the grafting on the same day or the next day after bagging; the cultivation medium is 35% clean loess soil, 30% peat soil, 15% coconut bran, 10% perlite, 7% organic fertilizer and 3% superphosphate in volume percentage, and mix well;

[0060] (2) Grafting

[0061] (2.1) Cutting of cuttings: Cut the semi-lignified branches of the current year or one year old with full and healthy development and plump axillary buds in the middle and upper part of the crown of the superior strain of Camellia chrysantha (Camellia chrysantha No. 1). The collection time should be selected on cloudy days or before 9 am and after 5 pm on sunny days. At the same time, the cuttings should be bundled according to the strains and various records should be kept. The cuttings should be transported at a low temperature of 15-20℃ and kept moist. The cuttings should be stored in a cool and humid environment for no more than 3 days.

[0062] (2.2) Rootstock cutting: Improved skin grafting is used to flatten the cross section of the rootstock, with the inside higher and the outside lower, with a slight slope; two longitudinal cuts are made from the edge of the cross section, reaching the wood, with a length of about 2 cm and a width equivalent to the thickness of the scion; the bark is pulled downwards, and 1 to 3 grafting points are opened on each rootstock, and they are evenly distributed; the number of grafting buds is selected according to the diameter of the main branch: if the diameter is less than 3 cm, 1 bud is grafted; if the diameter is 3 cm ≤ the diameter is less than 5 cm, 2 buds are grafted; if the diameter is ≥ 5 cm, 3 buds are grafted;

[0063] (2.3) Cutting the scion: Use a sharp knife to cut a straight downward slant cut on the back of the leaf bud of the scion from slightly below the bud base, about 2 cm long, with the wood slightly visible on the cut surface and the pith visible at the base; cut a short interface directly below the leaf bud, cut into a 20° to 30° slope, in the shape of a horse ear; then cut another flat cut 0.5 cm above the leaf bud to make a 1-bud 1-leaf scion, with all leaves retained; in some scion branches, the leaf buds at the top are very close, so a 2-bud 2-leaf scion can be made;

[0064] (2.4) Scion cutting and binding: Immerse the cut scion wedge-shaped cut into a hormone solution that promotes the healing of the stock for 1 to 2 seconds. The hormone solution is 50 mg / L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) solution. Then, place the long cut surface of the scion inward, align it with the cambium, and insert it into the skin-pulling groove close to one side. The cut surface of the scion is slightly higher than the cut surface of the stock. Then, cover the raised skin of the stock on the short cut surface of the scion. After the scion is inserted, use a plastic film with strong pulling force and a width of 2 to 2.5 cm to bind the interface from bottom to top, and pay attention to prevent the scion from moving. The grafted stock and scion are as follows: Figure 1 As shown;

[0065] (2.5) Sterilization: Use 1300 times diluted prochloraz, 700 times diluted mancozeb and 1100 times diluted benomyl to sterilize the cuttings and grafting sites to prevent infection by pests and diseases;

[0066] (2.6) Moisture retention: Build an arch shed with bamboo strips or steel pipes under the shade shed. The arch shed should be 1.5-2.0m high, 2-3m wide and 10-15m long. Put the grafted seedlings into the arch shed, leaving a 30-40cm walkway in the middle, and cover with a new transparent plastic film to seal and retain moisture.

[0067] (3) Post-grafting management

[0068] (3.1) Water and fertilizer management: Open the film and water thoroughly every 20 days, spray 1300 times dilution of mechlorethamine, 700 times dilution of mancozeb and 1100 times dilution of oxazolidinone for sterilization; apply foliar fertilizer after the new shoots are drawn out, choose 0.2% urea and 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, spray alternately every 10 days, and spray Syngenta Yishibang amino acid water-soluble foliar fertilizer once every 20 days until the dormancy period in late November; no root fertilizer is applied in the first year after grafting;

[0069] (3.2) Bud removal: After grafting, remove the rootstock buds every 10 days;

[0070] (3.3) Film removal: After 30-40 days of grafting, the graft will heal and shoot. After 60-70 days, the new shoot will be semi-lignified. Film removal should be done on cloudy or rainy days. First, open the plastic film at both ends of the shed. After 3 days, the plastic film can be completely removed. After 6 months of grafting, remove the plastic band at the grafting site.

[0071] (3.4) Disease and pest control: The new shoots that sprout after grafting are susceptible to anthracnose, which can be controlled by spraying 250g / L pyraclostrobin emulsion suspension at 1000-1500 times or 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granules at 1500 times. Aphids mainly harm new shoots, which can be controlled by spraying 10% imidacloprid wettable powder at 2000-3000 times or 3% acetamiprid at 1500-2000 times. For red leaf blight, algal spot, sooty mold, scale insects, tea leaf rollers and other diseases and pests, adopt a comprehensive control measure combining biological and chemical drugs.

[0072] (3.5) Shaping and pruning: Thinning and pruning are used to cultivate a reasonable and high-yielding tree shape with even distribution and balanced development of main branches and side branches. The specific method of shaping and pruning is as follows: one year after grafting, 3 to 4 branches on each scion are selected as primary branches, and the upper part of the scion is pruned. Two years after grafting, the pruning method of the first year is repeated from the primary branches, and 3 to 4 secondary branches are retained on each side branch; three years after grafting, the pruning method of the first branch is repeated from the secondary branches, and 3 to 4 tertiary branches are retained on each side branch, gradually cultivating a high-yielding tree shape with a reasonable proportion and even distribution of main branches, secondary branches, and side branches; grafted two-year-old plants such as Figure 3 As shown;

[0073] (4) Planting and management

[0074] (4.1) Planting: Two years after grafting, the grafted trees were planted; 150 to 160 trees were planted per mu with a row spacing of 2.0 m × 2.0 m; the trees were planted with a root controller with a high soil enclosure; the diameter of the root controller was 80 to 100 cm and the depth was 40 to 50 cm; after removing the tree planting bag or seedling bag, the grafted trees were placed in the root controller and supplemented with the cultivation medium and then watered; the cultivation medium was 65% loess, 15% peat soil, 7% organic fertilizer, 5% plant ash, 5% lime nitrogen and 3% superphosphate;

[0075] (4.2) Management after transplanting: After transplanting, management should be carried out in accordance with the relevant technical regulations for Camellia chrysantha cultivation; apply basal fertilizer once in winter every year, mainly farmyard manure and organic fertilizer, 3-5 kg ​​of farmyard manure per plant; topdressing should be carried out once in August and September, with 30-50 g of compound fertilizer per plant; foliar fertilizer should be applied 3-4 times a year, mainly spraying 0.3-0.5% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, as well as trace elements such as boron, zinc, iron, and molybdenum; follow the plant protection work policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", mainly agricultural prevention and control, biological prevention and control, and physical prevention and control, supplemented by chemical prevention and control, and comprehensively apply various prevention and control technical measures according to the characteristics of the occurrence and damage of various pests and diseases.

[0076] The survival rate of rootstock is 100%, and the survival rate of scion is 95.56% after 6 months of grafting. 3 years after grafting (i.e. 1 year after planting), the crown width of Camellia chrysantha can reach 130cm-150cm, the crown height can reach 80cm-90cm, and the number of flowers is 250-350.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] A method for cultivating an excellent strain of Camellia chrysantha by bare-root transplanting and grafting of adult camellia trees, the operating steps of which are as follows:

[0079] (1) Rootstock preparation and bagging

[0080] (1.1) Nursery site preparation: Select a plot with convenient transportation, flat terrain, sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, and good drainage and irrigation as the Camellia chrysantha grafting nursery site, and build a shade shed on the nursery site. The shade shed should be 2.0 to 2.5 meters high and the shade degree should be 70 to 80%;

[0081] (1.2) Rootstock selection: Select 8-15 year old Hualuzhen Camellia with a ground diameter of 6-10 cm and good health as the rootstock plant. The tree should be full and round in appearance, with a clear and straight trunk, even and reasonable branches, and free of diseases and insect pests.

[0082] (1.3) Crown cutting: Crown cutting is performed on the rootstock plant, leaving only the basic trunk of the plant, cutting off all main branches 80 to 100 cm above the ground, and removing all small branches in the middle and lower parts;

[0083] (1.4) Digging up tree stumps: 2-5 days after crown cutting, dig up the plants in early April when there is no direct sunlight. Try not to damage the trunk when digging. Shake off the soil after digging to form bare roots. Cut off the main root and lateral roots at one time, leaving a root length of 4-5 times the ground diameter. You can also leave a little margin for handling after going down the mountain. Try to keep the young fine roots and fibrous roots.

[0084] (1.5) Transportation of rootstock stumps: Use moss to moisturize the roots and wrap the trunk with cotton cloth.

[0085] Try to avoid falling or bumping, protect the bark, and transport to the nursery in time;

[0086] (1.6) Treatment of stock stumps before bagging: Place the excavated stumps in a cool place and perform appropriate root cutting, trunk cutting and pruning. Keep 3 to 6 strong main branches with appropriate branching angles and a diameter of 2 to 6 cm as stock, and cut off all other branches. The main branches should be cut off at a height of 60 to 80 cm from the ground. Be careful not to tear the bark of the stock when cutting.

[0087] (1.7) Stump disinfection and root slurry: After brushing the stump, spray the whole tree with fungicide for disinfection, 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder 1000 times diluted; root slurry treatment is performed on the roots of the stump, and the root slurry formula used is: 10kg of 800-1000mg / L ABT rooting powder aqueous solution, 1kg of lime nitrogen, and 5kg of clean and fresh yellow heart soil are mixed into a paste; dry for 30 minutes and then prepare for planting;

[0088] (1.8) Bagging: Plant the rootstock stump in a tree planting bag or seedling bag with a diameter of 40-50 cm and a height of 35-40 cm and nutrient soil, then place it under a shade shed and drench it with water to help it take root; complete the grafting on the same day or the next day after bagging; the cultivation medium is 30% clean loess soil, 30% peat soil, 20% coconut bran, 10% perlite, 7% organic fertilizer and 3% superphosphate by volume, and mix well;

[0089] (2) Grafting

[0090] (2.1) Cutting of cuttings: Cut the semi-lignified branches of the current year or one year old with full and healthy development and plump axillary buds in the middle and upper part of the crown of the superior strain of Camellia chrysantha (Camellia chrysantha No. 1). The collection time should be selected on cloudy days or before 9 am and after 5 pm on sunny days. At the same time, the cuttings should be bundled according to the strains and various records should be kept. The cuttings should be transported at a low temperature of 15-20℃ and kept moist. The cuttings should be stored in a cool and humid environment for no more than 3 days.

[0091] (2.2) Rootstock cutting: Improved skin grafting is used to flatten the cross section of the rootstock, with the inside higher and the outside lower, with a slight slope; two longitudinal cuts are made from the edge of the cross section, reaching the wood, with a length of about 2 cm and a width equivalent to the thickness of the scion; the bark is pulled downwards, and 1 to 3 grafting points are opened on each rootstock, and they are evenly distributed; the number of grafting buds is selected according to the diameter of the main branch: if the diameter is less than 3 cm, 1 bud is grafted; if the diameter is 3 cm ≤ the diameter is less than 5 cm, 2 buds are grafted; if the diameter is ≥ 5 cm, 3 buds are grafted;

[0092] (2.3) Cutting the scion: Use a sharp knife to cut a straight downward slant cut on the back of the leaf bud of the scion from slightly below the bud base, about 2 cm long, with the wood slightly visible on the cut surface and the pith visible at the base; cut a short interface directly below the leaf bud, cut into a 20° to 30° slope, in the shape of a horse ear; then cut another flat cut 0.5 cm above the leaf bud to make a 1-bud 1-leaf scion, with all leaves retained; in some scion branches, the leaf buds at the top are very close, so a 2-bud 2-leaf scion can be made;

[0093] (2.4) Scion cutting and binding: Immerse the cut scion wedge-shaped cut into a hormone solution that promotes the healing of the stock for 1 to 2 seconds. The hormone solution is 50 mg / L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) solution. Then, place the long cut surface of the scion inward, align it with the cambium, and insert it into the skin-pulling groove close to one side. The cut surface of the scion is slightly higher than the cut surface of the stock. Then, cover the raised skin of the stock on the short cut surface of the scion. After the scion is inserted, use a plastic film with strong pulling force and a width of 2 to 2.5 cm to bind the interface from bottom to top, and pay attention to prevent the scion from moving. The grafted stock and scion are as follows: Figure 1 As shown;

[0094] (2.5) Sterilization: Use 1000 times diluted prochloraz, 600 times diluted mancozeb and 1200 times diluted benomyl to sterilize the spikelets and grafting sites to prevent infection by pests and diseases;

[0095] (2.6) Moisture retention: Build an arch shed with bamboo strips or steel pipes under the shade shed. The arch shed should be 1.5-2.0m high, 2-3m wide and 10-15m long. Put the grafted seedlings into the arch shed, leaving a 30-40cm walkway in the middle, and cover with a new transparent plastic film to seal and retain moisture.

[0096] (3) Post-grafting management

[0097] (3.1) Water and fertilizer management: Open the film and water thoroughly every 20 days, spray 1000 times dilution of mechlorethamine, 600 times dilution of mancozeb and 1000 times dilution of oxazolidinone for sterilization; apply foliar fertilizer after the new shoots are drawn out, choose 0.2% urea and 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, spray alternately every 10 days, and spray Syngenta Yishibang amino acid water-soluble foliar fertilizer once every 20 days until the dormancy period in late November; no root fertilizer is applied in the first year after grafting;

[0098] (3.2) Bud removal: After grafting, remove the rootstock buds every 10 days;

[0099] (3.3) Film removal: After 30-40 days of grafting, the graft will heal and shoot. After 60-70 days, the new shoot will be semi-lignified. Film removal should be done on cloudy or rainy days. First, open the plastic film at both ends of the shed. After 3 days, the plastic film can be completely removed. After 6 months of grafting, remove the plastic band at the grafting site.

[0100] (3.4) Disease and pest control: The new shoots that sprout after grafting are susceptible to anthracnose, which can be controlled by spraying 250g / L pyraclostrobin emulsion suspension at 1000-1500 times or 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granules at 1500 times. Aphids mainly harm new shoots, which can be controlled by spraying 10% imidacloprid wettable powder at 2000-3000 times or 3% acetamiprid at 1500-2000 times. For red leaf blight, algal spot, sooty mold, scale insects, tea leaf rollers and other diseases and pests, adopt a comprehensive control measure combining biological and chemical drugs.

[0101] (3.5) Shaping and pruning: Thinning and pruning are used to cultivate a reasonable and high-yielding tree shape with even distribution and balanced development of main branches and side branches. The specific method of shaping and pruning is as follows: one year after grafting, 3 to 4 branches on each scion are selected as primary branches, and the upper part of the scion is pruned. Two years after grafting, the pruning method of the first year is repeated from the primary branches, and 3 to 4 secondary branches are retained on each side branch; three years after grafting, the pruning method of the first branch is repeated from the secondary branches, and 3 to 4 tertiary branches are retained on each side branch, gradually cultivating a high-yielding tree shape with a reasonable proportion and even distribution of main branches, secondary branches, and side branches; grafted two-year-old plants such as Figure 3 As shown;

[0102] (4) Planting and management

[0103] (4.1) Planting: Two years after grafting, the grafted trees were planted; 150 to 160 trees were planted per mu with a row spacing of 2.0 m × 2.0 m; the trees were planted with a root controller with a high soil enclosure; the diameter of the root controller was 80 to 100 cm and the depth was 40 to 50 cm; after removing the tree planting bag or seedling bag, the grafted trees were placed in the root controller and the forest was watered after the cultivation medium was added; the cultivation medium was 60% loess, 20% peat soil, 7% organic fertilizer, 5% plant ash, 5% lime nitrogen and 3% superphosphate;

[0104] (4.2) Management after transplanting: After transplanting, management should be carried out in accordance with the relevant technical regulations for Camellia chrysantha cultivation; apply basal fertilizer once in winter every year, mainly farmyard manure and organic fertilizer, 3-5 kg ​​of farmyard manure or 1-2 kg of organic fertilizer per plant; topdressing should be carried out once in August and September, with 30-50 g of compound fertilizer per plant; foliar fertilizer should be applied 3-4 times a year, mainly spraying 0.3-0.5% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, as well as trace elements such as boron, zinc, iron, and molybdenum; follow the plant protection work policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", mainly agricultural prevention and control, biological prevention and control, and physical prevention and control, supplemented by chemical prevention and control, and comprehensively apply various prevention and control technical measures according to the occurrence and damage characteristics of various pests and diseases.

[0105] The survival rate of rootstock is 100%, and the survival rate of scion is 93.33% after 6 months of grafting. 3 years after grafting (i.e. 1 year after planting), the crown width of Camellia chrysantha can reach 120cm-140cm, the crown height can reach 60cm-70cm, and the number of flowers is 200-300.

[0106] Example 3

[0107] A method for cultivating an excellent strain of Camellia chrysantha by bare-root transplanting and grafting of adult camellia trees, the operating steps of which are as follows:

[0108] (1) Rootstock preparation and bagging

[0109] (1.1) Nursery site preparation: Select a plot with convenient transportation, flat terrain, sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, and good drainage and irrigation as the Camellia chrysantha grafting nursery site, and build a shade shed on the nursery site. The shade shed should be 2.0 to 2.5 meters high and the shade degree should be 70 to 80%;

[0110] (1.2) Rootstock selection: Select 8-15 year old winter-resistant camellia with a ground diameter of 6-10 cm and good health as the rootstock plant. The tree should be full and round in appearance, with a clear and straight trunk, even and reasonable branches, and free of diseases and insect pests.

[0111] (1.3) Crown cutting: Crown cutting is performed on the rootstock plant, leaving only the basic trunk of the plant, cutting off all main branches 80 to 100 cm above the ground, and removing all small branches in the middle and lower parts;

[0112] (1.4) Digging up tree stumps: 2-5 days after the crowning, dig up the plants in early May when there is no direct sunlight. Try not to damage the trunk when digging. Shake off the soil after digging to form bare roots. Cut off the main root and lateral roots at one time, leaving a root length of 4-5 times the ground diameter. You can also leave a little margin for handling after going down the mountain. Try to keep the young fine roots and fibrous roots.

[0113] (1.5) Transportation of rootstock stumps: Use moss to moisturize the roots, wrap the trunk with cotton cloth, avoid falling and bumping as much as possible, protect the bark, and transport to the nursery in time;

[0114] (1.6) Treatment of stock stumps before bagging: Place the excavated stumps in a cool place and perform appropriate root cutting, trunk cutting and pruning. Keep 3 to 6 strong main branches with appropriate branching angles and a diameter of 2 to 6 cm as stock, and cut off all other branches. The main branches should be cut off at a height of 60 to 80 cm from the ground. Be careful not to tear the bark of the stock when cutting.

[0115] (1.7) Stump disinfection and root slurry: After brushing the stump, spray the whole tree with a fungicide for disinfection. The fungicide is 0.2% to 0.3% carbendazim or; the root of the stump is treated with a root slurry. The root slurry formula used is: 12kg of 800-1000mg / L ABT rooting powder aqueous solution, 1kg of lime nitrogen, and 5kg of clean and fresh yellow heart soil are mixed into a paste; dry for 30 minutes and then prepare for planting;

[0116] (1.8) Bagging: Plant the rootstock stump in a tree planting bag or seedling bag with a diameter of 40-50 cm and a height of 35-40 cm and nutrient soil, then place it under a shade shed and drench it with water to help it take root; complete the grafting on the same day or the next day after bagging; the cultivation medium is 40% clean loess soil, 30% peat soil, 10% coconut bran, 10% perlite, 7% organic fertilizer and 3% superphosphate in volume percentage, and mix well;

[0117] (2) Grafting

[0118] (2.1) Cutting of cuttings: Cut the semi-lignified branches of the current year or one year old with full and healthy development and plump axillary buds in the middle and upper part of the crown of the superior strain of Camellia chrysantha (Camellia chrysantha No. 1). The collection time should be selected on cloudy days or before 9 am and after 5 pm on sunny days. At the same time, the cuttings should be bundled according to the strains and various records should be kept. The cuttings should be transported at a low temperature of 15-20℃ and kept moist. The cuttings should be stored in a cool and humid environment for no more than 3 days.

[0119] (2.2) Rootstock cutting: Improved skin grafting is used to flatten the cross section of the rootstock, with the inside higher and the outside lower, with a slight slope; two longitudinal cuts are made from the edge of the cross section, reaching the wood, with a length of about 2 cm and a width equivalent to the thickness of the scion; the bark is pulled downwards, and 1 to 3 grafting points are opened on each rootstock, and they are evenly distributed; the number of grafting buds is selected according to the diameter of the main branch: if the diameter is less than 3 cm, 1 bud is grafted; if the diameter is 3 cm ≤ the diameter is less than 5 cm, 2 buds are grafted; if the diameter is ≥ 5 cm, 3 buds are grafted;

[0120] (2.3) Cutting the scion: Use a sharp knife to cut a straight downward slant cut on the back of the leaf bud of the scion from slightly below the bud base, about 2 cm long, with the wood slightly visible on the cut surface and the pith visible at the base; cut a short interface directly below the leaf bud, cut into a 20° to 30° slope, in the shape of a horse ear; then cut another flat cut 0.5 cm above the leaf bud to make a 1-bud 1-leaf scion, with all leaves retained; in some scion branches, the leaf buds at the top are very close, so a 2-bud 2-leaf scion can be made;

[0121] (2.4) Scion cutting and binding: Immerse the cut scion wedge-shaped cut into a hormone solution that promotes the healing of the stock for 1 to 2 seconds. The hormone solution is 50 mg / L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) solution. Then, place the long cut surface of the scion inward, align it with the cambium, and insert it into the skin-pulling groove close to one side. The cut surface of the scion is slightly higher than the cut surface of the stock. Then, cover the raised skin of the stock on the short cut surface of the scion. After the scion is inserted, use a plastic film with strong pulling force and a width of 2 to 2.5 cm to bind the interface from bottom to top, and pay attention to prevent the scion from moving. The grafted stock and scion are as follows: Figure 1 As shown;

[0122] (2.5) Sterilization: Use 1500 times dilution of prochloraz, 800 times dilution of mancozeb and 1000 times dilution of mefenamic acid to sterilize the cuttings and grafting points to prevent infection by pests and diseases;

[0123] (2.6) Moisture retention: Build an arch shed with bamboo strips or steel pipes under the shade shed. The arch shed should be 1.5-2.0m high, 2-3m wide and 10-15m long. Put the grafted seedlings into the arch shed, leaving a 30-40cm walkway in the middle, and cover with a new transparent plastic film to seal and retain moisture.

[0124] (3) Post-grafting management

[0125] (3.1) Water and fertilizer management: Open the film and water thoroughly every 20 days, spray 1500 times dilution of mechlorethamine, 800 times dilution of mancozeb and 1000-1200 times dilution of oxadiazine for sterilization; apply foliar fertilizer after new shoots emerge, using 0.2% urea and 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, spraying alternately every 10 days, and spraying Syngenta Yishibang water-soluble foliar fertilizer containing amino acids once every 20 days until the dormancy period in late November; no root fertilizer is applied in the first year after grafting;

[0126] (3.2) Bud removal: After grafting, remove the rootstock buds every 10 days;

[0127] (3.3) Film removal: After 30-40 days of grafting, the graft will heal and shoot. After 60-70 days, the new shoot will be semi-lignified. Film removal should be done on cloudy or rainy days. First, open the plastic film at both ends of the shed. After 3 days, the plastic film can be completely removed. After 6 months of grafting, remove the plastic band at the grafting site.

[0128] (3.4) Disease and pest control: The new shoots that sprout after grafting are susceptible to anthracnose, which can be controlled by spraying 250g / L pyraclostrobin emulsion suspension at 1000-1500 times or 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granules at 1500 times. Aphids mainly harm new shoots, which can be controlled by spraying 10% imidacloprid wettable powder at 2000-3000 times or 3% acetamiprid at 1500-2000 times. For red leaf blight, algal spot, sooty mold, scale insects, tea leaf rollers and other diseases and pests, adopt a comprehensive control measure combining biological and chemical drugs.

[0129] (3.5) Shaping and pruning: Thinning and pruning are used to cultivate a reasonable and high-yielding tree shape with even distribution and balanced development of main branches and side branches. The specific method of shaping and pruning is as follows: one year after grafting, 3 to 4 branches on each scion are selected as primary branches, and the upper part of the scion is pruned. Two years after grafting, the pruning method of the first year is repeated from the primary branches, and 3 to 4 secondary branches are retained on each side branch; three years after grafting, the pruning method of the first branch is repeated from the secondary branches, and 3 to 4 tertiary branches are retained on each side branch, gradually cultivating a high-yielding tree shape with a reasonable proportion and even distribution of main branches, secondary branches, and side branches; grafted two-year-old plants such as Figure 3 As shown;

[0130] (4) Planting and management

[0131] (4.1) Planting: Two years after grafting, the grafted trees were planted; 150 to 160 trees were planted per mu with a row spacing of 2.0 m × 2.0 m; the trees were planted with a root controller with a high soil enclosure; the diameter of the root controller was 80 to 100 cm and the depth was 40 to 50 cm; after removing the tree planting bag or seedling bag, the grafted trees were placed in the root controller and supplemented with the cultivation medium and then watered; the cultivation medium was 70% loess, 10% peat soil, 7% organic fertilizer, 5% plant ash, 5% lime nitrogen and 3% superphosphate;

[0132] (4.2) Management after transplanting: After transplanting, management should be carried out in accordance with the relevant technical regulations for Camellia chrysantha cultivation; apply basal fertilizer once in winter every year, mainly farmyard manure and organic fertilizer, 3-5 kg ​​of farmyard manure or 1-2 kg of organic fertilizer per plant; topdressing should be carried out once in August and September, with 30-50 g of compound fertilizer per plant; foliar fertilizer should be applied 3-4 times a year, mainly spraying 0.3-0.5% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, as well as trace elements such as boron, zinc, iron, and molybdenum; follow the plant protection work policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", mainly agricultural prevention and control, biological prevention and control, and physical prevention and control, supplemented by chemical prevention and control, and comprehensively apply various prevention and control technical measures according to the occurrence and damage characteristics of various pests and diseases.

[0133] The survival rate of rootstock is 100%, and the survival rate of scion is 92.25% after 6 months of grafting. 3 years after grafting (i.e. 1 year after planting), the crown width of Camellia chrysantha can reach 110cm-130cm, the crown height can reach 60cm-70cm, and the number of flowers can reach 200-300.

[0134] Comparative Example 1

[0135] A method for high-position grafting and seedling raising of Camellia chrysantha plants, comprising the following steps:

[0136] The only difference from Example 1 is that the grafting in step (2) is carried out half a year after the stock is planted, when the stock has grown new shoots and aged, and the grafting is carried out on the new shoots grown from the main branches. 1 to 3 new shoots are selected from each main branch for grafting.

[0137] Step (3) post-grafting management: bag the grafting site, use a moisture-retaining bag to cover the entire grafting site from top to bottom, use two branches in the moisture-retaining bag as support, do not let the bag touch the scion, tie the bag tightly, and finally use kraft paper for shading. The remaining operations and steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0138] The survival rate of rootstock is 100%, and the survival rate of scion is 88% after 6 months of grafting. 3 years after grafting (i.e. 1 year after planting), the crown width of Camellia chrysantha can reach 80cm-90cm, the crown height can reach 50cm-60cm, and the number of flowers is 100-150.

[0139] Comparative Example 2

[0140] (1.7) Stump disinfection and root slurry: After brushing the stump, spray the whole tree with a fungicide, which is 0.2% to 0.3% carbendazim; treat the roots of the stump with a root slurry, using a formula of 11 kg of 800 to 1000 mg / L ABT rooting powder aqueous solution and 5 kg of clean, fresh yellow heart soil to form a paste; dry it for 30 minutes before planting;

[0141] The remaining operations and steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0142] The survival rate of rootstock is 95%, and the survival rate of scion is 90.84% ​​after 6 months of grafting. 3 years after grafting (i.e. 1 year after planting), the crown width of Camellia chrysantha can reach 105cm-115cm, the crown height can reach 62cm-70cm, and the number of flowers can reach 150-200.

[0143] Comparative Example 3

[0144] (1.7) Stump disinfection and root slurry: After brushing the stump, spray the whole tree with a fungicide, which is 0.2% to 0.3% carbendazim; treat the roots of the stump with a root slurry, using a formula of 6kg of 800-1000mg / L ABT rooting powder aqueous solution, 1kg of lime nitrogen, and 5kg of clean and fresh yellow heart soil to form a paste; dry it for 30 minutes and then prepare for planting;

[0145] The remaining operations and steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0146] The survival rate of rootstock is 97%, and the survival rate of scion is 92.87% after 6 months of grafting. 3 years after grafting (i.e. 1 year after planting), the crown width of Camellia chrysantha can reach 110cm-120cm, the crown height can reach 65cm-75cm, and the number of flowers is 150-250.

[0147] Comparative Example 4

[0148] (4.1) Planting: Two years after grafting, the grafted trees are planted; they are planted in the ground under evergreen or deciduous trees such as Masson pine, cinnamon, and star anise, with a row spacing of 2.5m×2.5m or 2.5m×3.0m, and 90 to 110 trees are planted per mu. Dig holes according to the specific conditions of the planting site, with a length, width, and depth of 60cm×60cm×50cm; after removing the tree planting bag or seedling bag, place the grafted tree in the hole, and add the cultivation medium and then water the forest; the cultivation medium is 65% loess, 15% peat soil, 7% organic fertilizer, 5% plant ash, 5% lime nitrogen, and 3% superphosphate;

[0149] The remaining operations and steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0150] The survival rate of rootstock is 100%, and the survival rate of scion is 94.44% after 6 months of grafting. 3 years after grafting (i.e. 1 year after planting), the crown width of Camellia chrysantha can reach 110cm-120cm, the crown height can reach 60cm-70cm, and the number of flowers can reach 150-200.

[0151] (1) By comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that the rootstock planting and Camellia chrysantha grafting of the technical solution of the present invention are carried out simultaneously, and a plastic arch shed is built after grafting to retain moisture, which can improve the grafting survival rate and promote the grafted trees to grow more vigorously and achieve high yield as soon as possible.

[0152] (2) By comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that the root pulp formula of the technical solution of the present invention contains lime nitrogen, which can improve the survival rate of rootstocks, reduce the infection rate of diseases and pests in plants after grafting, and promote the growth of grafted trees.

[0153] (3) By comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 3, it can be seen that the cultivation medium used for planting in the technical solution of the present invention contains lime nitrogen and a specific amount of aqueous solution, which can not only provide nutrition for the growth of the grafted tree, but also play a bactericidal and insecticidal role, thereby promoting the growth of the grafted tree and achieving high yield as soon as possible.

[0154] (4) By comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 4, it can be seen that the planting in the root controller in the technical solution of the present invention is uniformly managed, which can not only achieve reasonable dense planting, but also reduce the infection rate of plant diseases and pests, and the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency is higher, and the yield is higher.

[0155] The rates of various diseases and insect pests produced in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 2-3 after grafting for one year were counted, and the infected plants were defined as the leaves with symptoms ≥ 2. Root rot was counted to see whether the root system of the stock had root rot symptoms. The statistics were for each group of 10 grafted Camellia chrysantha plants, and 3 groups were counted for each example, and the average value was taken. The results are shown in Table 1:

[0156] Table 1

[0157] Each project Anthracnose pest rate Algae disease and insect pest rate Red leaf spot disease and insect pest rate Root rot pest rate Example 1 3.33％ 0 0 0 Example 2 0 0 3.33％ 0 Example 3 3.33％ 0 0 0 Comparative Example 2 6.66％ 6.66％ 0％ 9.99％ Comparative Example 3 6.66％ 3.33％ 3.33％ 6.6％

[0158] As can be seen from Table 1, the root pulp treatment can provide nutrition for the rootstock and play a bactericidal and insecticidal role at a specific humidity, which can suppress the possibility of the rootstock after excavation from diseases and pests as much as possible. However, lime nitrogen can only play a better role if it contains a certain amount of water, and humidity is more conducive to the dissolution of the bactericidal and insecticidal components in lime nitrogen.

[0159] from Figure 4It can be seen that the root controller of the present invention can reduce the nutrient waste during the growth of Camellia chrysantha, improve the nutrient utilization efficiency, reduce the loss of water and fertilizer, and save water resources; it can provide a good growth and development environment for Camellia chrysantha, reduce pests and diseases, and promote the growth of Camellia chrysantha; through reasonable close planting, the root controller can save land and increase the output per unit area; at the same time, it is conducive to centralized cultivation management and harvesting, reducing the production cost of Camellia chrysantha. The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention is for the purpose of illustration and illustration. These descriptions are not intended to limit the present invention to the precise form disclosed, and it is obvious that many changes and variations can be made according to the above teachings. The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiments is to explain the specific principles of the present invention and its practical application, so that those skilled in the art can realize and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the present invention and various different selections and changes. The scope of the present invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating an excellent strain of Camellia chrysantha by bare-root transplanting and grafting of adult camellia trees, comprising the following steps: (1) Rootstock preparation and bagging (1.1) Preparation of nursery grounds; (1.2) Rootstock selection; (1.3) Crown cutting: Crown cutting is performed on the rootstock plant, leaving only the basic trunk of the plant, cutting off all main branches 80 to 100 cm above the ground, and removing all small branches in the middle and lower parts; (1.4) Digging up tree stumps: 2-5 days after crown cutting, dig up the tree when it is not exposed to the sun. Try not to damage the trunk when digging. Shake off the soil after digging to form bare roots. Cut off the main root and lateral roots at one time, leaving a root length of 4-5 times the ground diameter. Keep the young fine roots and fibrous roots. (1.5) Transportation of rootstock stumps: Use moss to moisturize the roots, wrap and wrap the trunk, and transport it to the nursery; (1.6) Treatment of stock stumps before bagging: Place the excavated stumps in a cool place and perform root cutting, trunk cutting and pruning. Keep 3 to 6 strong main branches with appropriate branching angles and a diameter of 2 to 6 cm as stock, and cut off all other branches. The height of the main branch cutting should be 60-80 cm above the ground. (1.7) Stump disinfection and root slurry: After brushing the stump, spray the whole tree with fungicide for disinfection. The fungicide is 0.2% to 0.3% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800-1000 times diluted; the root of the stump is treated with root slurry. The root slurry formula is: 10-12kg of 800-1000mg / L ABT rooting powder aqueous solution, 1kg of lime nitrogen, and 5kg of clean and fresh yellow heart soil are mixed into a paste; dry for 30 minutes and then prepare for planting; (1.8) Bagging: Plant the rootstock stump in a tree planting bag or a seedling bag, then place it under a shade shed and irrigate it with water to allow the roots to settle. Grafting should be completed on the same day or the next day after bagging. The cultivation medium should be 30-40% clean loess soil, 30% peat soil, 10-20% coconut bran, 10% perlite, 7% organic fertilizer and 3% superphosphate by volume, and mix well. (2) Grafting (2.1) Cutting of cuttings: Cut the semi-lignified branches of the current year or one year old with full and healthy development and full axillary buds in the middle and upper part of the crown of the excellent varieties of Camellia chrysantha. The collection time should be selected on cloudy days, or before 9 am and after 5 pm on sunny days. The cuttings should be transported at a low temperature of 15-20℃ and kept moist. The cuttings should be stored in a cool and humid environment for no more than 3 days. (2.2) Rootstock cutting: Improved skin grafting is used to flatten the cross section of the rootstock; two longitudinal cuts are made from the edge of the cross section, reaching the xylem, with a length of 2 cm and a width equivalent to the thickness of the scion. The bark is pulled downwards, and 1 to 3 grafting sites are opened on each rootstock, and they are evenly distributed; the number of grafting buds is selected according to the diameter of the main branch: if the diameter is less than 3 cm, 1 bud is grafted; if the diameter is 3 cm ≤ the diameter is less than 5 cm, 2 buds are grafted; if the diameter is ≥ 5 cm, 3 buds are grafted; (2.3) Cutting the scion: Cut a straight downward 2cm long slice from slightly below the bud base on the back of the bud leaf bud. The woody part is slightly visible on the cut surface, and the pith is visible at the base. Cut a short interface directly below the leaf bud, and cut it into a 20° to 30° slope, forming a horse ear shape. Then cut a flat cut 0.5cm above the leaf bud to form a 1-bud 1-leaf scion, and keep all the leaves. In some scion branches, the leaf buds at the top are very close, so a 2-bud 2-leaf scion can be made. (2.4) Cutting and binding: Immerse the cut scion wedge-shaped cut into a hormone solution that promotes the healing of the stock for 1 to 2 seconds. The hormone solution is 50 mg / L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) solution. Then, place the long cut surface of the scion inward, align it with the cambium, and insert it into the skin-pulling groove close to one side. The cut surface of the scion is slightly higher than the cut surface of the stock, and then the skin of the stock is covered on the short cut surface of the scion. After the scion is inserted, use a film tape to bind the interface from bottom to top. (2.5) Sterilization: Use 1000-1500 times diluted prochloraz, 600-800 times diluted mancozeb and 1000-1200 times diluted benomyl to sterilize the scion and grafting point; (2.6) Moisture retention: Build an arch shed under the shade shed. The arch shed should be 1.5-2.0m high, 2-3m wide and 10-15m long. Place the grafted seedlings in the arch shed and cover with a film to seal and retain moisture. (3) post-grafting management; (4) Planting and management: (4.1) Planting: Two years after grafting, the grafted trees were planted; 150 to 160 trees were planted per mu with a row spacing of 2.0 m × 2.0 m; the trees were planted with a root controller with a high soil enclosure; the diameter of the root controller was 80 to 100 cm and the depth was 40 to 50 cm; after removing the tree planting bag or seedling bag, the grafted trees were placed in the root controller and the forest was watered after the cultivation medium was added; the cultivation medium was 60% to 70% loess, 10% to 20% peat soil, 7% organic fertilizer, 5% plant ash, 5% lime nitrogen and 3% superphosphate; (4.2) Management after planting.

2. The method for cultivating an excellent strain of Camellia chrysantha by bare-root transplanting and grafting of adult Camellia trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nursery site preparation described in step (1.1) is to select a plot with convenient transportation, flat terrain, sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, and good drainage and irrigation as the Camellia chrysantha grafting nursery, and build a shade shed on the nursery site. The shade shed is 2.0 to 2.5 meters high and has a shading degree of 70 to 80%.

3. The method for cultivating an excellent strain of Camellia chrysantha by bare-root transplanting and grafting of adult Camellia trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rootstock selection described in step (1.2) is to select a 8-15 year old camellia with a ground diameter of 6-10 cm and good health as the rootstock plant, and the tree shape is required to be full and round, the main trunk is obvious and straight, the branches are even and reasonable, and the plant is free of diseases and insect pests.

4. The method for cultivating an excellent strain of Camellia chrysantha by bare-root transplanting and grafting of adult camellia trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The post-grafting management described in step (3) includes the following steps: (3.1) Water and fertilizer management: Open the film and water thoroughly every 20 days, spray 1000-1500 times dilution of mechlorethamine, 600-800 times dilution of mancozeb and 1000-1200 times dilution of oxazolidinone for sterilization; apply foliar fertilizer after new shoots emerge, using 0.2% urea and 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, spraying alternately every 10 days, and spraying Syngenta Yishibang water-soluble foliar fertilizer containing amino acids once every 20 days until the dormancy period in late November; no root fertilizer is applied in the first year after grafting; (3.2) Bud removal: After grafting, remove the rootstock buds every 10 days; (3.3) Film removal: After 30-40 days of grafting, the graft will heal and shoot will grow. After 60-70 days, the new shoot will be semi-lignified and the film will be removed. After 6 months of grafting, the plastic bandage at the grafting site will be removed. (3.4) Pest and disease control: The new shoots that sprout after grafting are susceptible to anthracnose. Use 250g / L pyraclostrobin emulsion suspension 1000-1500 times or 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granules 1500 times to spray for prevention and control; aphids mainly harm new shoots. Use 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000-3000 times or 3% acetamiprid 1500-2000 times to spray for prevention and control; for red leaf blight, algal spot, sooty mold, scale insects, tea leaf roller and other pests and diseases, adopt a comprehensive prevention and control measure combining biological and chemical drugs; (3.5) Shaping and pruning: Thinning and pruning are used to cultivate a reasonable and high-yielding tree shape with evenly distributed main branches and side branches and balanced development. The specific method of shaping and pruning is as follows: one year after grafting, 3 to 4 branches on each scion are selected as primary branches, and the upper part of the scion is pruned. Two years after grafting, the pruning method of the first year is repeated on the primary branches, and 3 to 4 secondary branches are retained on each side branch; three years after grafting, the pruning method of the first branch is repeated on the secondary branches, and 3 to 4 tertiary branches are retained on each side branch, gradually cultivating a high-yielding tree shape with a reasonable proportion and even distribution of main branches, secondary branches, and side branches.

5. The method for cultivating an excellent strain of Camellia chrysantha by bare-root transplanting and grafting of adult Camellia trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The post-planting management described in step (4.2) is to carry out management after planting in accordance with relevant technical regulations for Camellia chrysantha cultivation; apply basal fertilizer once in winter every year, mainly farmyard manure and organic fertilizer, 3-5 kg ​​of farmyard manure or 1-2 kg of organic fertilizer per plant; apply topdressing once, the fertilization time is from August to September, 30-50 g of compound fertilizer per plant; foliar fertilizer is applied 3-4 times a year, mainly spraying 0.3-0.5% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, as well as trace elements such as boron, zinc, iron, and molybdenum; follow the plant protection work policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", mainly agricultural prevention and control, biological prevention and control and physical prevention, supplemented by chemical prevention and control, and comprehensively apply various prevention and control technical measures according to the occurrence and damage characteristics of various diseases and insects.

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