Spiral pyrolysis device with pressure roller and pyrolysis method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of high-value utilization of organic solid waste, and specifically to a spiral pyrolysis device with a pressure roller, which includes a pyrolysis furnace, a rotating shaft, a pressure roller and a stirring blade. In addition, the present invention also proposes a pyrolysis method. Through the interaction between the inner surface of the crushing section of the pyrolysis furnace and the friction layer on the outer surface of the pressure roller, the crushing and sufficient contact of raw materials such as fruit shell waste with the catalyst are achieved, and the heat transfer and mass transfer effects are effectively enhanced. The raw material enters the pyrolysis furnace crushing section of the pyrolysis device, and continues to move forward in the gap space that is constantly shrinking and constantly changing between the pressure roller and the inner wall of the crushing section. Through the mutual extrusion and friction of the friction layer on the surface, efficient crushing pretreatment of fruit shell waste is achieved. After the crushed raw material is fully mixed with the catalyst, it enters the reaction section of the pyrolysis furnace. The raw material is rapidly heated and catalytic pyrolysis occurs. Under the stirring and pushing action of the stirring blades, the raw material continues to move forward and is finally fully pyrolyzed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of high-value utilization of organic solid waste, and in particular to a spiral pyrolysis device with a pressure roller and a pyrolysis method. Background Art

[0002] Every year, my country's economic forests produce a large amount of residues such as fruit shells, pomace, and pruned branches and leaves during the collection and processing process. The annual output of oil tea, walnut, and chestnut shells alone is more than 29.3 million tons. However, most of these organic fruit shell wastes are discarded or incinerated at will, which not only pollutes the environment, but also causes a large waste of renewable carbon resources.

[0003] Pyrolysis is an efficient means of treating fruit shell waste. Compared with traditional treatment methods, it has the advantages of short treatment cycle, high conversion efficiency, and obvious volume reduction effect. At the same time, it can also obtain high-value solid, liquid, and gas products. It is a technology with great application and promotion prospects in the current harmless disposal and high-value utilization of fruit shell waste. The spiral pyrolysis reactor has the advantages of simple structure, precise control of reaction temperature, low wear of the device, and no need for additional carrier gas. It is the mainstream type of organic solid waste pyrolysis device. For example, Chinese invention patent CN101709224A discloses a spiral pyrolysis device for biomass waste, which uses conventional spiral blades to efficiently pyrolyze and liquefy raw materials such as sawdust into bio-oil at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 to 550°C. Unlike conventional biomass waste, fruit shell waste usually has a hard shell, and it is difficult to reduce the size of the raw material by collision. This will not only hinder the rotation of the spiral blades or even damage the blades, but also because the traditional pyrolysis device cannot effectively transfer heat and mass to them, the raw materials and the catalyst are difficult to fully contact, resulting in an insufficient pyrolysis process, very low oil yield, and severe carbonization. It is inevitable to use additional pretreatment equipment to deeply crush the hard shell in advance, which greatly increases the power consumption of the device and has poor technical and economic efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to develop a simple and efficient pyrolysis device for fruit shell waste, avoid complex pretreatment equipment, and improve the heat and mass transfer efficiency of the device, so as to achieve harmless disposal and high-value utilization of fruit shell waste. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a spiral pyrolysis device and a pyrolysis method with a pressure roller capable of pre-deeply crushing the hard shell, so as to solve the problems of low heat and mass transfer efficiency, severe blade wear, severe carbonization and high pretreatment cost in the treatment of fruit shell waste by the existing spiral pyrolysis device.

[0007] (II) Technical solution

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the spiral pyrolysis device with a pressure roller of the present invention comprises a pyrolysis furnace, a rotating shaft, a pressure roller and a stirring blade;

[0009] The pyrolysis furnace is a hollow circular tube, the pyrolysis furnace is arranged obliquely and the head end of the pyrolysis furnace is higher than the tail end, a feed port is provided at the top of the head end of the pyrolysis furnace, a discharge port is provided at the bottom of the tail end of the pyrolysis furnace, and a gas outlet is provided at the top of the tail end of the pyrolysis furnace; a crushing section and a reaction section are formed from the head end to the tail end of the pyrolysis furnace, and the tail end of the crushing section and the head end of the reaction section are connected to each other; the rotating shaft is coaxially arranged in the pyrolysis furnace and can rotate in the pyrolysis furnace, and the rotating shaft extends from the head end to the tail end of the pyrolysis furnace;

[0010] The pressure roller is a solid truncated cone-shaped rotating body, which is coaxially fixed on the rotating shaft in the crushing section. The cross-sectional diameter of the pressure roller gradually increases from the beginning to the end of the crushing section; the stirring blade is fixed on the rotating shaft in the reaction section.

[0011] Optionally, a spiral groove is provided on the surface of the rotating body, and the pitch and groove depth of the spiral groove gradually decrease from the head end to the tail end of the crushing section.

[0012] Optionally, the maximum groove depth of the spiral groove of the pressing roller is 0.1 to 0.3 times the diameter of the stirring blade; and the minimum pitch of the spiral groove of the pressing roller is 5 to 15 mm.

[0013] Optionally, the end surface diameter of the front end of the pressing roller is 1 to 1.3 times the shaft diameter of the rotating shaft, and the end surface diameter of the rear end of the pressing roller is 0.5 to 0.9 times the diameter of the stirring blade.

[0014] Optionally, the stirring blade is a spiral blade coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft; the gap between the outer edge of the stirring blade and the inner wall of the pyrolysis furnace is 1 to 3 mm; and the pitch of the stirring blade is 30 to 100 mm.

[0015] Optionally, a groove-shaped pyrolysis gas channel is provided on the inner wall at the top of the reaction section, and the pyrolysis gas channel is directly connected to the gas outlet.

[0016] Optionally, a friction layer is provided on the surface of the pressure roller and the inner wall of the crushing section; the friction layer is a texture and / or a wear-resistant coating.

[0017] Optionally, the axis direction of the pyrolysis furnace forms an angle of 15 to 45° with the horizontal direction;

[0018] And / or, a heat-insulating layer is arranged inside the furnace wall of the pyrolysis furnace.

[0019] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a pyrolysis method, which is implemented based on the above-mentioned spiral pyrolysis device with a pressure roller, and comprises the following steps:

[0020] S1, driving the rotating shaft to rotate, driving the pressing roller and the stirring blade to rotate at a set speed, and at the same time heating the crushing section and the reaction section of the pyrolysis furnace to a set temperature respectively;

[0021] S2, adding raw materials and catalysts in a predetermined mass ratio from the feed port, and through the extrusion and friction between the surface of the pressure roller and the inner wall of the crushing section, the raw materials are crushed and contacted with the catalyst in the crushing section;

[0022] S3. Under the action of gravity and friction, the mixture of raw materials and catalyst enters the reaction section, the raw materials are heated and catalytic pyrolysis occurs;

[0023] S4, the pyrolysis gas generated in the reaction section is discharged through the gas outlet, and then condensed and separated to obtain pyrolysis oil and non-condensable gas;

[0024] S5. The char generated after the raw material is completely pyrolyzed is discharged from the discharge port and collected under the combined action of the stirring blades and gravity.

[0025] Optionally, the set temperature of the crushing section is 100-200°C; the set temperature of the reaction section is 400-600°C;

[0026] And / or, the rotation speed of the rotating shaft is 5 to 15 r / min.

[0027] (III) Beneficial effects

[0028] The pyrolysis device and method provided by the technical solution of the present invention realizes the crushing and full contact of raw materials such as fruit shell waste with the catalyst through the interaction between the inner surface of the crushing section of the pyrolysis furnace and the friction layer on the outer surface of the pressure roller, effectively enhancing the heat transfer and mass transfer effect. The raw material enters the crushing section of the pyrolysis furnace of the pyrolysis device, and continues to move forward in the constantly changing gap space between the pressure roller and the inner wall of the crushing section. Through the mutual squeezing and friction of the friction layer on the surface, efficient crushing pretreatment of fruit shell waste is achieved. After the crushed raw material is fully mixed with the catalyst, it enters the reaction section of the pyrolysis furnace. The raw material is rapidly heated and catalytic pyrolysis occurs. Under the stirring and pushing action of the stirring blades, the raw material continues to move forward and is finally fully pyrolyzed. Then, the generated pyrolysis gas is discharged after being converged through the pyrolysis gas channel, and then subjected to subsequent separation and condensation treatment, while the solid carbon and waste residue remaining from the pyrolysis are discharged under the action of the stirring blades and gravity and subjected to subsequent treatment.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution of the present invention are as follows:

[0030] 1. High space utilization: No additional auxiliary pretreatment equipment is required, and the crushing section for raw material pretreatment and the pyrolysis reaction section are arranged in the same pyrolysis furnace. The device has a compact structure and improves space utilization.

[0031] 2. Strong adaptability to raw materials: A crushing device is added to the traditional spiral pyrolysis device, which can handle fruit shell waste with higher hardness. By replacing the pressure rollers with different structures, precise crushing of specific fruit shell biomass can be achieved. It is also suitable for other organic solid waste raw materials with lower hardness.

[0032] 3. Efficient heat and mass transfer: Crushing fruit shell waste can effectively improve the degree of contact with the catalyst and enhance the heat and mass transfer effects.

[0033] 4. Segmented precise temperature control: Through segmented precise temperature control in the crushing section and the reaction section, the temperature conditions of the pretreatment and pyrolysis process are made to conform to the optimal pyrolysis temperature of the pyrolysis curve as much as possible, thereby improving the pyrolysis conversion rate of the raw materials and the yield of the target product.

[0034] 5. Convenient reaction control: By controlling the feed rate, type and amount of catalyst, heating power, rotation speed of the rotating shaft, etc., the reaction temperature, reaction time, reaction mode and other conditions of different processes can be adjusted in time.

[0035] 6. Stable operation of the device: The crushing section pre-processes the hard fruit shell waste, making the stirring blades in the reaction section less likely to be worn or stuck, thus ensuring the smooth and continuous operation of the rotating mechanism.

[0036] 7. Long service life: The friction layer is a hard texture processed on the metal surface, or a wear-resistant coating can be set. It is easy to update and has low cost. At the same time, it can effectively reduce structural wear and extend service life.

[0037] 8. Automatic exhaust and pressure protection: In the reaction section, the efficient pyrolysis of the raw materials causes the rapidly expanding pyrolysis gas to be collected through the pyrolysis gas channel above the pyrolysis furnace and discharged from the gas outlet, avoiding excessive pressure in the reaction section affecting the pyrolysis reaction.

[0038] 9. Automatic slag discharge: The solid carbon and waste residue remaining from pyrolysis will be automatically discharged through the discharge port under the action of gravity and the pushing force of the stirring blades to prevent the pipeline in the pyrolysis furnace from being blocked.

[0039] 10. Effective dechlorination and clean emission: Pyrolysis is an anaerobic process that can produce reducing components such as H2 and CO, and the temperature is relatively low. It can effectively inhibit the generation of harmful substances such as dioxins from the source and achieve efficient dechlorination. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1It is a structural schematic diagram of a spiral pyrolysis device with a pressure roller of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a spiral pyrolysis device with spiral grooves on the pressure roller of the present invention.

[0042] [Description of Reference Numerals]

[0043] 1: pyrolysis furnace; Z1: crushing section; Z2: reaction section; 11: feed inlet; 12: discharge outlet; 13: gas outlet; 14: insulation layer; 15: pyrolysis gas channel;

[0044] 2: Rotating shaft; 3: Pressing roller; 4: Stirring blade; 5: Friction layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to better explain the present invention and facilitate understanding, the present invention is described in detail below through specific implementation modes in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0046] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0047] In addition, in the present invention, descriptions such as "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0048] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connection", "fixation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "connection" can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0049] See also Figure 1The present invention provides a spiral pyrolysis device with a pressure roller, which includes: a pyrolysis furnace 1, a rotating shaft 2, a pressure roller 3 and a stirring blade 4. The pyrolysis furnace 1 is a hollow circular tube arranged obliquely, the head end of the pyrolysis furnace 1 is higher than the tail end, a feed port 11 is provided at the top of the head end of the pyrolysis furnace 1 for feeding raw materials such as fruit shell waste, a discharge port 12 is provided at the bottom of the tail end of the pyrolysis furnace 1 for pyrolysis carbon to be discharged, and a gas outlet 13 is provided at the top of the tail end of the pyrolysis furnace 1 for pyrolysis gas to be discharged. Among them, the axial direction of the pyrolysis furnace 1 can preferably form an angle of 15 to 45° with the horizontal direction, so that the raw materials and catalyst can flow smoothly from the higher head end to the lower tail end, but the flow speed will not be too fast to affect the pyrolysis reaction. Moreover, a continuous crushing section Z1 and a reaction section Z2 are formed from the head end to the tail end in the pyrolysis furnace 1, that is, a section near the head end of the pyrolysis furnace 1 is the crushing section Z1, and a section near the tail end is the reaction section Z2, and the tail end of the crushing section Z1 and the head end of the reaction section Z2 are connected to each other, wherein the crushing section Z1 and the reaction section Z2 are respectively provided with independent heating mechanisms, such as electric heating tubes, so that segmented independent temperature control can be achieved. Through segmented and precise temperature control of the crushing section Z1 and the reaction section Z2, the temperature conditions of the pretreatment and pyrolysis process are made to meet the optimal pyrolysis temperature of the pyrolysis curve as much as possible, thereby improving the pyrolysis conversion rate of the raw materials and the yield of the target product. In addition, in order to further improve the heating efficiency and pyrolysis efficiency, an insulation layer 14 is also arranged in the furnace wall of the pyrolysis furnace 1 to prevent heat loss. Moreover, the crushing section Z1 and the reaction section Z2 are continuously arranged in the pyrolysis furnace 1, eliminating the need for additional auxiliary pretreatment equipment. The crushing section Z1 for pretreatment of raw materials and the reaction section Z2 for pyrolysis are arranged in the same pyrolysis furnace 1, making the device structure compact and improving space utilization.

[0050] The rotating shaft 2 is coaxially arranged in the pyrolysis furnace 1 and can rotate in the pyrolysis furnace 1. The rotating shaft 2 extends from the head end to the tail end of the pyrolysis furnace 1. The rotating shaft 2 is rotatably supported by bearings on the end covers at both ends of the pyrolysis furnace 1, and is sealed at both ends of the pyrolysis furnace 1. Moreover, the rotating shaft 2 is driven by an external rotary driver. By controlling the feed rate, the type and amount of the catalyst, the heating power, the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 2, etc., the reaction temperature, reaction time, reaction mode and other conditions of different processes can be adjusted in time.

[0051] Among them, the pressure roller 3 is a solid truncated cone-shaped rotating body, and the cross-sectional diameter of the rotating body gradually increases from the head end to the end of the crushing section Z1; the rotating body is coaxially fixed on the rotating shaft 2 in the crushing section Z1, and the rotating body and the rotating shaft 2 can be integrally formed, or they can be axially and circumferentially limited and fixed by fasteners and keys. The pressure roller 3 is arranged in this way, so that after the raw material enters the crushing section Z1 in the pyrolysis furnace 1, it can continue to move forward in the gap space between the pressure roller 3 and the inner wall of the crushing section Z1, which is constantly shrinking and changing, so as to achieve efficient crushing pretreatment of fruit shell waste. By adding a crushing device, fruit shell waste with higher hardness can be processed, and by replacing the pressure roller 3 with different structures, the precise crushing of specific fruit shell biomass can be achieved, and it is also applicable to other organic solid waste raw materials with lower hardness. In addition, the gap between the pressure roller 3 and the inner wall of the crushing section Z1 is used to crush and crush the fruit shell waste, which can effectively improve the sufficient contact with the catalyst and enhance the heat and mass transfer effects. More importantly, in a preferred embodiment, if Figure 2 As shown, the surface of the rotating body can also be provided with spiral grooves, and the pitch and groove depth (groove depth refers to the radial distance from the groove bottom to the groove mouth) of the spiral grooves gradually decrease from the beginning to the end of the crushing section Z1, so that while gradually reducing the raw material feeding space, the wear and crushing effect on the raw material can be enhanced by the change of the surface shape of the rotating body, so that the particle size of the crushed raw material is further reduced, so as to further enhance the overall pyrolysis efficiency of the spiral pyrolysis device.

[0052] Also, see again Figure 1 and Figure 2 The stirring blade 4 is fixed on the rotating shaft 2 in the reaction section Z2, and the solid carbon and waste residue left after pyrolysis are automatically discharged through the discharge port 12 under the force of gravity and the pushing action of the stirring blade 4, so as to prevent the pipeline in the pyrolysis furnace 1 from being blocked. The crushing section Z1 pre-processes the hard fruit shell waste by crushing, so that the stirring blade 4 in the reaction section is not easy to be worn or stuck, and the smooth and continuous operation of the rotating mechanism can be ensured.

[0053] Moreover, in a preferred embodiment, a friction layer 5 may be provided on the surface of the pressure roller 3 and the inner wall of the crushing section Z1. The friction layer 5 may be a hard cross pattern and / or a wear-resistant coating. According to actual needs, the friction layer 5 may be a pattern with a wear-resistant coating attached thereto, or may only be a pattern or a wear-resistant coating. The wear-resistant coating may be made of materials such as silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, and quartz, which is easy to update and has a low cost, and can effectively reduce structural wear and extend service life.

[0054] In addition, a groove-shaped pyrolysis gas channel 15 is provided on the inner wall at the top of the reaction section Z2, and the pyrolysis gas channel 15 is directly connected to the gas outlet 13, so that the pyrolysis gas can be collected and flowed inside the pyrolysis furnace 1, and can also play a guiding role so that the pyrolysis gas can be discharged from the pyrolysis furnace 1 more quickly. In the reaction section Z2, the pyrolysis gas that expands rapidly due to the efficient pyrolysis of the raw materials can be collected through the pyrolysis gas channel 15 above the pyrolysis furnace 1 and discharged from the gas outlet 13, so as to avoid excessive pressure in the reaction section Z2 affecting the pyrolysis reaction.

[0055] Through the interaction between the inner surface of the crushing section Z1 of the pyrolysis furnace 1 and the friction layer 5 on the outer surface of the pressure roller 3, the crushing and full contact of the raw materials such as the fruit shell waste with the catalyst are achieved, and the heat transfer and mass transfer effects are effectively enhanced. The raw material enters the crushing section Z1 of the pyrolysis furnace 1 of the pyrolysis device, and continues to move forward in the gap space between the pressure roller 3 and the inner wall of the crushing section Z1, which is constantly shrinking and changing. Through the mutual squeezing and friction of the friction layer 5 on the surface, the efficient crushing pretreatment of the fruit shell waste is achieved. After the crushed raw material is fully mixed with the catalyst, it enters the reaction section Z2 of the pyrolysis furnace 1. The raw material is rapidly heated and catalytically pyrolyzed. Under the stirring and pushing action of the stirring blade 4, the raw material continues to move forward and is finally fully pyrolyzed. Then, the generated pyrolysis gas is discharged after being gathered through the pyrolysis gas channel 15, and then subjected to subsequent separation and condensation treatment, while the solid carbon and waste residue remaining from the pyrolysis are discharged under the action of the stirring blade 4 and gravity and subjected to subsequent treatment. Pyrolysis is carried out in a closed pyrolysis furnace 1, which is an oxygen-free process and can produce reducing components such as H2 and CO, and the temperature is relatively low, which can effectively inhibit the generation of harmful substances such as dioxins from the source, and achieve efficient dechlorination. The pyrolysis device provided by the technical solution of the present invention has the characteristics of high space utilization, convenient reaction control, wide adaptability of raw materials, stable device operation, automatic exhaust, automatic slag discharge, etc., and can realize the efficient and continuous pyrolysis process of fruit shell waste that is difficult to handle by conventional pyrolysis methods, so that fruit shell waste is used at a high value.

[0056] In a more preferred embodiment, see again Figure 1, the stirring blade 4 is a spiral blade coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft 2. The diameter of the stirring blade 4 remains unchanged in the reaction section Z2, and the gap between the outer edge of the stirring blade 4 and the inner wall of the pyrolysis furnace 1 (i.e., the circumferential inner surface of the pyrolysis furnace 1) is 1 to 3 mm, so that the raw material can be pushed smoothly to prevent the raw material from being stuck. In addition, the pitch of the stirring blade 4 can be designed to be 30 to 100 mm according to actual needs. Further, in actual production, the end face diameter of the head end of the pressing roller 3 is 1 to 1.3 times the shaft diameter of the rotating shaft 2 (wherein, when the surface of the pressing roller 3 is provided with a spiral groove, it can be preferably 1.1 to 1.3 times here), and the end face diameter of the end end of the pressing roller 3 is 0.5 to 0.9 times the diameter of the stirring blade 4. In addition, the maximum groove depth of the spiral groove of the pressing roller 3 can be set to 0.1 to 0.3 times the diameter of the stirring blade 4; and the minimum pitch of the spiral groove of the pressing roller 3 can be set to 5 to 15 mm. Such a clever setting can enable the pressing roller 3 to achieve optimal efficiency when crushing the raw material.

[0057] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a pyrolysis method, which is implemented based on the above-mentioned spiral pyrolysis device with a pressure roller, and comprises the following steps:

[0058] S1, start the rotary driver to drive the rotary shaft 2 to rotate, drive the pressing roller 3 and the stirring blade 4 to rotate at a set speed, and heat the crushing section Z1 and the reaction section Z2 of the pyrolysis furnace 1 to the set temperature respectively;

[0059] S2, adding fruit shell waste and other raw materials and catalysts in a predetermined mass ratio from the feed port 11, and through the extrusion and friction between the surface of the pressure roller 3 and the inner wall of the crushing section Z1, the raw materials are crushed in the crushing section Z1, and the size of the raw materials gradually becomes smaller and fully contacts the catalyst;

[0060] S3, under the action of gravity and friction, the mixture of raw materials and catalyst enters the reaction section Z2, the raw materials are rapidly heated and catalytic pyrolysis occurs;

[0061] S4, the pyrolysis gas generated in the reaction section Z2 is gathered in the pyrolysis gas channel 15 and discharged through the gas outlet 13, and then condensed and separated to obtain pyrolysis oil and non-condensable gas;

[0062] S5. The char generated after the raw material is completely pyrolyzed is discharged from the discharge port 12 and collected under the combined action of the stirring blades 4 and gravity.

[0063] The raw material enters the crushing section Z1 of the pyrolysis furnace 1 of the pyrolysis device, and continues to move forward in the gap space between the pressure roller 3 and the inner wall of the crushing section Z1, which is constantly shrinking and changing. Through the mutual squeezing and friction of the friction layer 5 on the surface, efficient crushing pretreatment of the fruit shell waste is achieved. The above-mentioned pyrolysis method can realize the efficient and continuous pyrolysis process of fruit shell waste that is difficult to treat by conventional pyrolysis methods, so that the fruit shell waste is used in a high-value manner. Moreover, pyrolysis is an anaerobic process, which can produce reducing components such as H2 and CO, and the temperature is relatively low, which can effectively inhibit the generation of harmful substances such as dioxins from the source and achieve efficient dechlorination.

[0064] Among them, in order to improve the catalytic pyrolysis efficiency of the raw materials, the set temperature of the crushing section Z1 is 100-200°C; the set temperature of the reaction section Z2 is 400-600°C. Through the segmented and precise temperature control of the crushing section Z1 and the reaction section Z2, the temperature conditions of the pretreatment and pyrolysis process are made to conform to the optimal pyrolysis temperature of the pyrolysis curve as much as possible, thereby improving the pyrolysis conversion rate of the raw materials and the yield of the target product. In addition, the speed of the rotating shaft 2 can also be set to 5-15r / min accordingly. By controlling the feed rate, the type and amount of the catalyst, the heating power, the speed of the rotating shaft 2, etc., the reaction temperature, reaction time, reaction mode and other conditions of different processes can be adjusted in time.

[0065] The following is a detailed description of the process flow of pyrolysis using a spiral pyrolysis device with a pressure roller through specific embodiments, and each embodiment uses a device with basically the same structure.

[0066] Example 1

[0067] The inner diameter of the pyrolysis furnace 1 is 300 mm, the length of the crushing section Z1 of the pyrolysis furnace 1 is 500 mm, and the length of the reaction section Z2 is 1000 mm; the diameter of the rotating shaft 2 is 100 mm; the end face diameter of the head end of the pressure roller 3 is 120 mm, and the end face diameter of the tail end is 260 mm; a spiral groove is provided on the surface of the pressure roller 3, the maximum and minimum groove depths of the spiral groove are 60 mm and 10 mm respectively, and the maximum and minimum pitches of the spiral groove are 40 mm and 10 m respectively; the outer diameter of the stirring blade 4 is 296 mm, the distance between the edge of the stirring blade 4 and the inner wall of the pyrolysis furnace 1 is 2 mm, and the pitch of the stirring blade 4 is 50 mm.

[0068] Walnut shell raw materials with an average particle size of 20 mm are mixed with an activated carbon catalyst and sent to a pyrolysis furnace 1. The temperature of the crushing section Z1 is set to 100°C and the speed of the rotating shaft 2 is 10r / min. After the raw materials are crushed, the average particle size is reduced to 3mm. Then the raw materials are sent to the reaction section Z2 with a temperature set to 450°C. Under the stirring and pushing of the stirring blade 4, the raw materials are rapidly heated and a pyrolysis reaction occurs. The pyrolysis gas is collected and quickly separated and condensed. The liquid phase yield is 56.6wt%. Phenolic substances in the bio-oil account for 63.1% of the detectable organic components, of which phenol accounts for 39.4%, realizing the high-value utilization of walnut shell waste.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the structure of the pressing roller 3 is changed. The end face diameter of the head end of the pressing roller 3 is 100 mm, and the end face diameter of the tail end is 240 mm. The maximum and minimum groove depths of the spiral groove of the pressing roller 3 are 50 mm and 5 mm, respectively, and the maximum and minimum pitches of the spiral groove are 30 mm and 5 m, respectively.

[0071] The coconut shell raw material with an average particle size of 30 mm was mixed with K2CO3 catalyst and sent to the pyrolysis furnace 1. The temperature of the crushing section Z1 was set to 200°C and the speed of the rotating shaft 2 was 5r / min. After the raw material was crushed, the average particle size was reduced to 10 mm. Then the raw material was sent to the reaction section Z2 with a temperature set to 600°C. Under the stirring and pushing of the stirring blade 4, the temperature was rapidly increased and a pyrolysis reaction occurred. The solid product remaining from the pyrolysis was collected, and the solid phase yield was 44.2wt%. The final specific surface area was 1934.6cm 2 / g, pore size distribution of 2 to 50nm, and mesoporous activated carbon have achieved high-value utilization of coconut shell waste.

[0072] Example 3

[0073] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the pitch of the stirring blade 4 is 30 mm.

[0074] The oil tea shell raw material with an average particle size of 20 mm is mixed with a zinc chloride catalyst and sent to the pyrolysis furnace 1. The temperature of the crushing section Z1 is set to 150°C and the speed of the rotating shaft 2 is 5r / min. The raw material is crushed and the average particle size is reduced to 5 mm. Then the raw material is sent to the reaction section Z2 with a temperature set to 500°C. Under the stirring and pushing of the stirring blade 4, the temperature gradually rises and a pyrolysis reaction occurs. The pyrolysis gas is collected and quickly separated and condensed. The yield of the liquid product is 40.0wt%, and the target product furfural accounts for 37.5% of the liquid product, realizing the high-value utilization of oil tea shell waste.

[0075] Example 4

[0076] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the pitch of the stirring blade 4 is 100 mm.

[0077] The chestnut shells with an average particle size of 20 mm were fed into the pyrolysis furnace 1, the temperature of the crushing section Z1 was set to 200°C, and the speed of the rotating shaft 2 was 5r / min. The raw materials were crushed, and the average particle size was reduced to 2 mm. Then the raw materials were fed into the reaction section Z2 with a temperature set to 500°C, and gradually heated up and pyrolysis occurred under the stirring and pushing of the stirring blades 4. The combustible pyrolysis gas was collected, and the gas yield reached 66.7wt% and the average calorific value reached 13.8MJ / m 3 , realizing the high-value utilization of chestnut shell waste.

[0078] Example 5

[0079] The inner diameter of the pyrolysis furnace 1 is 300 mm, the length of the crushing section Z1 of the pyrolysis furnace 1 is 500 mm, and the length of the reaction section Z2 is 1000 mm; the shaft diameter of the rotating shaft 2 is 100 mm; the pressure roller 3 is truncated cone-shaped and has no spiral grooves on the surface, and the end face diameter of the head end is 100 mm and the end face diameter of the tail end is 260 mm; the outer diameter of the stirring blade 4 is 296 mm, the distance between the edge of the stirring blade 4 and the inner wall of the pyrolysis furnace 1 is 2 mm, and the pitch of the stirring blade 4 is 50 mm.

[0080] Walnut shell raw materials with an average particle size of 20 mm are mixed with an activated carbon catalyst and sent to a pyrolysis furnace 1. The temperature of the crushing section Z1 is set to 100°C and the speed of the rotating shaft 2 is 10r / min. After the raw materials are crushed, the average particle size is reduced to 4 mm. Then the raw materials are sent to the reaction section Z2 with a temperature set to 450°C. Under the stirring and pushing of the stirring blade 4, the raw materials are rapidly heated and a pyrolysis reaction occurs. The pyrolysis gas is collected and quickly separated and condensed. The liquid phase yield is 52.8wt%. Phenolic substances in the bio-oil account for 62.31% of the detectable organic components, of which phenol accounts for 38.2%, realizing the high-value utilization of walnut shell waste.

[0081] Example 6

[0082] The present embodiment differs from the embodiment 5 in that the structure of the pressing roller 3 is changed, and the end face diameter of the pressing roller 3 at the head end is 100 mm, and the end face diameter at the tail end is 240 mm.

[0083] The coconut shell raw material with an average particle size of 30 mm was mixed with K2CO3 catalyst and sent to the pyrolysis furnace 1. The temperature of the crushing section Z1 was set to 200°C and the speed of the rotating shaft 2 was 5r / min. After the raw material was crushed, the average particle size was reduced to 12 mm. Then the raw material was sent to the reaction section Z2 with a temperature set to 650°C. Under the stirring and pushing of the stirring blade 4, the temperature was rapidly increased and a pyrolysis reaction occurred. The solid product remaining from the pyrolysis was collected, and the solid phase yield was 39.6wt%. Finally, the specific surface area of ​​1843.5cm 2 / g, pore size distribution of 2N50nm, and mesoporous activated carbon have achieved high-value utilization of coconut shell waste.

[0084] Example 7

[0085] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is that the pitch of the stirring blade 4 is 30 mm.

[0086] The camellia oleifera shell raw material with an average particle size of 20 mm was mixed with a zinc chloride catalyst and sent to the pyrolysis furnace 1. The temperature of the crushing section Z1 was set to 100°C and the speed of the rotating shaft 2 was 5r / min. The raw material was crushed and the average particle size was reduced to 6 mm. Then the raw material was sent to the reaction section Z2 with a temperature set to 400°C. Under the stirring and pushing of the stirring blade 4, the temperature gradually increased and a pyrolysis reaction occurred. The pyrolysis gas was collected and quickly separated and condensed. The yield of the liquid product was 36.6wt%, and the target product furfural accounted for 36.9% of the liquid product, realizing the high-value utilization of camellia oleifera shell waste.

[0087] Example 8

[0088] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is that the pitch of the stirring blade 4 is 100 mm.

[0089] The chestnut shells with an average particle size of 20 mm were fed into the pyrolysis furnace 1, the temperature of the crushing section Z1 was set to 200°C, and the speed of the rotating shaft 2 was 5r / min. The raw materials were crushed, and the average particle size was reduced to 3 mm. Then the raw materials were fed into the reaction section Z2 with a temperature set to 500°C, and gradually heated up and pyrolysis occurred under the stirring and pushing of the stirring blades 4. The combustible pyrolysis gas was collected, and the gas yield reached 65.4wt% and the average calorific value reached 13.7MJ / m 3 , realizing the high-value utilization of chestnut shell waste.

[0090] It should be understood that the above description of the specific embodiments of the present invention is only for illustrating the technical route and features of the present invention, and its purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, but the present invention is not limited to the above specific implementation methods. Any changes or modifications made within the scope of the claims of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spiral pyrolysis device with a pressure roller, characterized in that: It comprises a pyrolysis furnace (1), a rotating shaft (2), a pressure roller (3) and a stirring blade (4); The pyrolysis furnace (1) is a hollow circular tube, the pyrolysis furnace (1) is arranged obliquely and the head end of the pyrolysis furnace (1) is higher than the tail end, a feed port (11) is provided at the top of the head end of the pyrolysis furnace (1), a discharge port (12) is provided at the bottom of the tail end of the pyrolysis furnace (1), and a gas outlet (13) is provided at the top of the tail end of the pyrolysis furnace (1); a crushing section (Z1) and a reaction section (Z2) are formed from the head end to the tail end of the pyrolysis furnace (1), and the tail end of the crushing section (Z1) and the head end of the reaction section (Z2) are connected to each other; the rotating shaft (2) is coaxially arranged in the pyrolysis furnace (1) and can rotate in the pyrolysis furnace (1), and the rotating shaft (2) extends from the head end to the tail end of the pyrolysis furnace (1); the crushing section (Z1) and the reaction section (Z2) are respectively provided with independent heating mechanisms; The pressing roller (3) is a solid truncated cone-shaped rotating body. The pressing roller (3) is coaxially fixed on the rotating shaft (2) in the crushing section (Z1). The cross-sectional diameter of the pressing roller (3) gradually increases from the head end to the tail end of the crushing section (Z1). The stirring blade (4) is fixed on the rotating shaft (2) in the reaction section (Z2). The end face diameter of the head end of the pressing roller (3) is 1 to 1.3 times the shaft diameter of the rotating shaft (2), and the end face diameter of the tail end of the pressing roller (3) is 0.5 to 0.9 times the diameter of the stirring blade (4). The surface of the rotating body is provided with a spiral groove, and the pitch and groove depth of the spiral groove gradually decrease from the beginning to the end of the crushing section (Z1); The maximum groove depth of the spiral groove of the pressing roller (3) is 0.1 to 0.3 times the diameter of the stirring blade (4); the minimum pitch of the spiral groove of the pressing roller (3) is 5 to 15 mm; The stirring blade (4) is a spiral blade coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft (2); the gap between the outer edge of the stirring blade (4) and the inner wall of the pyrolysis furnace (1) is 1 to 3 mm; the pitch of the stirring blade (4) is 30 to 100 mm; A groove-shaped pyrolysis gas channel (15) is provided on the inner wall at the top of the reaction section (Z2), and the pyrolysis gas channel (15) is directly connected to the gas outlet (13).

2. The spiral pyrolysis device with a pressure roller according to claim 1, characterized in that: A friction layer (5) is provided on the surface of the pressure roller (3) and the inner wall of the crushing section (Z1); the friction layer (5) is a textured and / or wear-resistant coating.

3. The spiral pyrolysis device with a pressure roller according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial direction of the pyrolysis furnace (1) forms an angle of 15 to 45° with the horizontal direction; And / or, a heat-insulating layer (14) is arranged inside the furnace wall of the pyrolysis furnace (1).

4. A pyrolysis method, which is implemented based on the spiral pyrolysis device with a pressure roller according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The pyrolysis method comprises the following steps: S1, driving the rotating shaft (2) to rotate, driving the pressing roller (3) and the stirring blade (4) to rotate at a set speed, and at the same time heating the crushing section (Z1) and the reaction section (Z2) of the pyrolysis furnace (1) to a set temperature respectively; S2, adding raw materials and catalysts in a predetermined mass ratio from the feed port (11), and through the extrusion and friction between the surface of the pressure roller (3) and the inner wall of the crushing section (Z1), the raw materials are crushed and brought into contact with the catalyst in the crushing section (Z1); S3. Under the action of gravity and friction, the mixture of raw materials and catalyst enters the reaction section (Z2), the raw materials are heated and catalytic pyrolysis occurs; S4, the pyrolysis gas generated in the reaction section (Z2) is discharged through the gas outlet (13), and then condensed and separated to obtain pyrolysis oil and non-condensable gas; S5. The char generated after the raw material is completely pyrolyzed is discharged from the discharge port (12) and collected under the combined action of the stirring blade (4) and gravity.

5. The pyrolysis method according to claim 4, characterized in that The setting temperature of the crushing section (Z1) is 100-200°C; the setting temperature of the reaction section (Z2) is 400-600°C; And / or, the rotation speed of the rotating shaft (2) is 5-15 r / min.

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