A K-type gear hobbing processing method, device and medium

Abstract

This invention discloses a method, apparatus, and medium for machining K-type gears by hobbing. The method includes the following steps: obtaining machining parameters, including K-type gear parameters, hob parameters, radial cutting start length, axial cutting start length, axial cutting completion length, and hob machining direction. The K-type gear parameters include K-type gear angles. The radial cutting start length and radial cutting completion length are both greater than or equal to the product of the hob radius and sinα. Based on the machining parameters, the hob starting point, first inflection point, second inflection point, and hob exit point at the hob center point are determined. The hob starting point, first inflection point, second inflection point, and hob exit point are sequentially connected to form the hob's motion trajectory. A hob control command is generated to cause the hob to cut the workpiece along the motion trajectory to produce the K-type gear to be machined. This method not only reduces the professional requirements of operators but also improves production efficiency and machining quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of K-type gear processing, and in particular relates to a K-type gear hobbing processing method, device and medium. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of industrial technology, higher requirements are put forward for gear transmission. K-type gears have the advantages of high transmission efficiency, low noise, and strong load-bearing capacity. They are widely used in the fields of robots, automobiles, aerospace, ships, engineering machinery, etc. K-type gears are gears with special tooth modification. The tooth modification of K-type gears is to modify the axial ends of the gears.

[0003] The existing tooth direction training of K-type gears is generally carried out using CNC lathes. The tooth direction training of K-type gears is achieved through manual programming. However, the manual programming method has the following problems:

[0004] 1. The programming process involves complex calculations of processing parameters, which requires the operator to have a solid foundation in CNC programming and is highly dependent on the operator's professional skills and practical experience.

[0005] 2. Since the code needs to be written line by line, this process is time-consuming and lengthy, especially when dealing with parts with complex structures or facing large-scale data input calculations, its efficiency is greatly reduced;

[0006] 3. When part parameters change, the relevant parameters in the program need to be changed, which is inefficient. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the problems of high professional dependence, long time consumption and low efficiency in the existing methods, the present invention proposes a K-type gear hobbing processing method, device and medium.

[0008] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] The first aspect of the present invention discloses a K-type gear hobbing method, comprising the following steps:

[0010] Obtaining processing parameters, the processing parameters include K-type tooth parameters, hob parameters, radial cutting starting excess length, axial cutting starting excess length, axial cutting completion excess length and hob processing direction, the K-type tooth parameters include K-type tooth angle, the axial cutting starting excess length and axial cutting completion excess length are both greater than or equal to the product of the hob radius and sinα, α is the K-type tooth angle;

[0011] Determine a hob start point, a first inflection point, a second inflection point and a hob exit point of a hob center point according to the machining parameters, wherein the first inflection point and the second inflection point are determined according to the principle of minimum program segments, and the hob start point, the first inflection point, the second inflection point and the hob exit point are sequentially connected to form a motion trajectory of the hob;

[0012] A hob control instruction is generated to enable the hob to cut the workpiece along the motion trajectory to produce the K-shaped teeth to be processed.

[0013] The second aspect of the present invention discloses a K-type gear hobbing processing device, comprising a memory and a controller which are communicatively connected in sequence, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and the controller is used to read the computer program and execute the K-type gear hobbing processing method described in the first aspect.

[0014] A third aspect of the present invention discloses a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon. When the instructions are run on a computer, a K-type gear hobbing method described in the first aspect is executed.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] The method of the present invention can realize automatic generation of the hob motion trajectory according to the input processing parameters and then process the workpiece, which can not only reduce the professionalism of the operator but also improve the production efficiency and processing quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 The present invention provides a processing path diagram for processing a workpiece using the motion trajectory of the present invention.

[0019] Among them, the marking names in the accompanying drawings are:

[0020] 1. Workpiece; 2. Motion trajectory; 3. K-type tooth; 4. Hob; A1, hob starting point; A2, first turning point; A3, second turning point; A4, hob exit point; L, tooth width of K-type tooth; L1, minimum distance between the two slopes of K-type tooth; L2, length of the slope of K-type tooth corresponding to z-direction; α, angle of K-type tooth. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0022] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0024] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0025] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the positions or positional relationships in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use, or the positions or positional relationships commonly understood by those skilled in the art, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0026] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0027] The first aspect of the present invention discloses a K-type gear hobbing method, which can be but is not limited to being performed by a K-type gear hobbing device. The K-type gear hobbing device can be software, or a combination of software and hardware. The K-type gear hobbing device can be integrated in smart mobile terminals, tablets, computers, CNC equipment and other smart devices. Specifically, the method includes steps S11 to S13. It should be noted that the step identification in this scheme is only for the convenience of explaining the method, and does not constitute a limitation on the order of sequence. The order of each step is based on its language description and the order of each signal.

[0028] Step S11, obtaining processing parameters, wherein the processing parameters include K-type tooth parameters, hob parameters, radial cutting starting excess length, axial cutting starting excess length, axial cutting completion excess length and hob processing direction, and the K-type tooth parameters include K-type tooth angle, and the axial cutting starting excess length and axial cutting completion excess length are both greater than or equal to the product of the hob radius and sinα, where α is the K-type tooth angle.

[0029] According to the target workpiece tooth deformation requirements, the corresponding workpiece tooth shape and size data are drawn in the computer-aided design software CAD to obtain the K-type tooth parameters to be processed.

[0030] The hob processing direction includes forward rolling and reverse rolling. Figure 1 As shown in the perspective, the forward rolling here represents the machining and cutting from left to right, and the reverse rolling represents the machining and cutting from right to left.

[0031] K-type gear parameters, hob parameters, radial cutting starting excess length, axial cutting starting excess length, axial cutting completion excess length and hob processing direction can all be obtained by inputting through the software interface. Among them, the granularity of the above-mentioned processing parameters obtained through the software interface is set according to the specific usage. For example, the finer the granularity, the more complicated the subsequent calculation process to obtain a certain parameter; the higher the granularity, the more complicated the operator needs to calculate in advance before inputting the parameters, which is more complicated and prone to errors. In this regard, in order to reduce the operator's calculations, improve the calculation accuracy, and reduce the amount of calculations of the control unit in the subsequent processing process, each processing parameter can be pre-calculated after obtaining the above-mentioned processing parameters.

[0032] Specifically, the K-type tooth parameters include the workpiece outer diameter R1, tooth width L, K-type tooth angle α, workpiece left end position, and cutting depth; the hob parameters include hob radius r2, rotation speed, tool compensation, and hob helix angle parameters.

[0033] The hob helix angle parameter is used to adjust the rotation angle of the hob to perform linear interpolation motion. The hob helix angle parameter includes moving speed, helix angle M1, helix angle minute M2 and helix angle second M3.

[0034] At this time, the pre-calculation of the above processing parameters includes: calculating tan (α / 2), tanα, sinα, workpiece radius r1, r2*sinα, cutting depth and tool compensation amount and B1,

[0035] Among them, r1=R1 / 2.

[0036] The settings of the axial cutting start excess length and the axial cutting completion excess length are set for safety considerations. The axial cutting start excess length is the length of the uncut part between the tool and the workpiece in the axial direction of the workpiece before cutting begins. The axial cutting completion excess length is the length of the tool moving after cutting the entire tooth width of the workpiece. When the outer diameter of the hob is too large, the axial cutting start excess length and the axial cutting completion excess length are much smaller than the hob radius * sinα. At this time, a very strange tool path will appear, that is, the hob starting point is inside the workpiece, not outside. By adding the axial cutting start excess length and the axial cutting completion excess length to the motion trajectory of the hob cutting, the safety and correctness of the processing process are ensured.

[0037] To this end, after obtaining the processing parameters, in order to improve the safety of operation, it is necessary to check the axial cutting starting excess length and the axial cutting completion excess length. Specifically, compare the size of the axial cutting starting excess length, the product of the hob radius and sinα, and the size of the cutting completion excess length, the product of the hob radius and sinα. When the axial cutting starting excess length and the axial cutting completion excess length are both greater than or equal to the product of the hob radius and sinα, it means that when the hob center is located at the hob starting point and the hob exit point, the hob is placed outside the workpiece and not inside the workpiece. When either the axial cutting starting excess length or the axial cutting completion excess length is less than the product of the hob radius and sinα, a prompt instruction is generated to prompt the operator to modify the axial cutting starting excess length and the axial cutting completion excess length.

[0038] Step S12, determine the hob starting point, the first inflection point, the second inflection point and the hob exit point of the hob center point according to the processing parameters, wherein the first inflection point and the second inflection point are determined according to the principle of minimum program segments, and the hob starting point, the first inflection point, the second inflection point and the hob exit point are connected in sequence to form the motion trajectory of the hob.

[0039] In this step, the motion trajectory is different according to the different processing directions of the hob, so the hob starting point, the first turning point, the second turning point and the hob exit point are different.

[0040] The inflection point can be determined based on the principle of the shortest path or the least program segment. The shortest path is to use the inflection point as the center of the circle, and the center of the hob moves in an arc around the inflection point, and the radius of the arc is equal to the radius of the hob. The least program segment is to extend and intersect the linear motion trajectory of the center of the hob corresponding to two adjacent straight lines, and the center of the hob only moves along the straight line.

[0041] Since the accuracy of the shortest path is low, this solution gives priority to determining the first inflection point and the second inflection point based on the principle of the least program segments to improve the processing quality.

[0042] The center line of the workpiece spindle of the gear hobbing machine is the 0 point of the X axis, and the end face of the workpiece spindle is the 0 point of the Z axis. Specifically, if the hob processing direction is reverse rolling, the coordinates of the hob starting point, the first turning point, the second turning point and the hob exit point on the cutting surface are:

[0043] Hob start point (X 11 ,Z 11 ),

[0044] Among them, X 11 =r2+(r1-r2*sinα)-[[Q1+L2-r2×tan(α / 2)]*tanα],

[0045] Z 11 =Z 左 +L+Q1,

[0046] Where r2 is the radius of the hob, r1 is the radius of the workpiece, α is the angle of the K-type tooth, Q1 is the radial cutting start excess length, Q2 is the axial cutting start excess length, and L2 is the length of the k-type tooth slope corresponding to the z direction; Z 左 is the Z-axis coordinate of the left end of the workpiece, which is a certain value, that is, the Z-axis coordinate of the workpiece spindle box; L is the tooth width of the K-type tooth.

[0047] The first inflection point (X 12 ,Z 12 ),

[0048] Among them, X 12 =r2+r1-B1,

[0049] Z 12 =Z 左 +L-[L2-r2*tan(α / 2)],

[0050] Where B1 is the sum of cutting depth and tool compensation amount.

[0051] The second inflection point (X 13 ,Z 13 ),

[0052] Among them, X 13 =r2+r1-B1,

[0053] Z 13 =Z 左 +L-L2-L1-r2*tan(α / 2),

[0054] Where L1 is the minimum distance between the two slopes of the k-type tooth;

[0055] Hob exit point (X 14 ,Z 14 ),

[0056] Among them, X 14 =r2+r1-B1-[[L-L2-L1+ Q2-r2*tan(α / 2)]*tanα],

[0057] Z 14 =Z 左 -Q3,

[0058] Q3 is the excess length after axial cutting.

[0059] If the hob machining direction is forward rolling, the coordinates of the hob starting point, the first turning point, the second turning point and the hob exit point on the cutting surface are:

[0060] Hob start point (X 21 ,Z 21 ),

[0061] Among them, X 21 =r2+r1-B1-(Q2+L-L2-L1-r2*tanα),

[0062] Z 21 =Z 左 -Q1.

[0063] The first inflection point (X 22 ,Z 22 ),

[0064] Among them, X 22 =r2+r1-B1,

[0065] Z 22 =Z 左 +L-L2-L1-r2*tan(α / 2).

[0066] The second inflection point (X 23 ,Z 23 ),

[0067] Among them, X 23 =r2+r1-B1,

[0068] Z 23 =Z 左 +L-L2+r2*tan(α / 2);

[0069] Hob exit point (X 24 ,Z 24 ),

[0070] Among them, X 24=r2+r1-B1-[[Q2+L2-r2*tan(α / 2)]*tanα],

[0071] Z 24 =Z 左 +L+Q2.

[0072] Step S13, generating a hob control instruction to enable the hob to cut the workpiece along the motion trajectory to produce a K-shaped tooth to be processed.

[0073] like Figure 1 As shown, the hob 4 cuts the workpiece 1 along the motion trajectory 2 to complete the processing of the K-shaped tooth 3.

[0074] In order to realize linear interpolation, this step can also calculate the helix angle M according to the above-mentioned helix angle M1, helix angle minute M2 and helix angle second M3, wherein M=M1+M2 / 60+M3 / 3600; and then generate a linear interpolation instruction according to the current coordinates of the hob and the helix angle M under the premise of absolute coordinate mode to control the hob to realize linear displacement between the current coordinates of the hob and the coordinate point corresponding to the helix angle M at the moving speed.

[0075] Specifically, the linear interpolation instruction realizes the movement control of the hob under the premise of absolute coordinate mode. Absolute coordinate mode refers to the coordinate system of the machine tool in absolute coordinate mode. In absolute coordinate mode, all coordinate values ​​are specified relative to the origin of the machine tool, which is usually a fixed point on the machine tool. First, based on the absolute coordinate mode, ensure that the entire program runs in absolute coordinate mode to ensure accurate linear cutting motion and improve processing quality.

[0076] The second aspect of the present invention discloses a K-type gear hobbing processing device, including a memory and a controller connected in sequence, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and the controller is used to read the computer program and execute a K-type gear hobbing processing method described in the first aspect. Specifically, the memory may include, but is not limited to, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a flash memory (Flash Memory), a first-in-first-out memory (FIFO) and / or a first-in-last-out memory (FILO), etc.; the controller may not be limited to a microcontroller of the STM32F105 series. In addition, the computer device may also include, but is not limited to, a power supply unit, a display screen and other necessary components.

[0077] A third aspect of the present invention discloses a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon. When the instructions are run on a computer, a K-type gear hobbing method described in the first aspect is executed.

[0078] The operating principles of the devices and media disclosed in the second and third aspects of the present invention are detailed in the first aspect and will not be elaborated here.

[0079] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments described herein are intended to help readers understand the principles of the present invention, and should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific variations and combinations that do not deviate from the essence of the present invention based on the technical revelations disclosed by the present invention, and these variations and combinations are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A K-type gear hobbing method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Obtaining processing parameters, the processing parameters include K-type tooth parameters, hob parameters, radial cutting starting excess length, axial cutting starting excess length, axial cutting completion excess length and hob processing direction, the K-type tooth parameters include K-type tooth angle, the axial cutting starting excess length and axial cutting completion excess length are both greater than or equal to the product of the hob radius and sinα, α is the K-type tooth angle; According to the machining parameters, a hob start point A1, a first inflection point A2, a second inflection point A3 and a hob exit point A4 of the hob center point are determined, wherein the first inflection point and the second inflection point are determined according to the principle of minimum program segments, and the hob start point, the first inflection point, the second inflection point and the hob exit point are sequentially connected to form a motion trajectory of the hob (2); Generating a hob control instruction so that the hob (4) cuts the workpiece (1) along the motion trajectory (2) to produce a K-shaped tooth (3) to be processed; The workpiece spindle centerline is the 0 point of the X axis, the workpiece spindle end face is the 0 point of the Z axis, and the hob start point, the first inflection point, the second inflection point and the hob exit point of the hob center point are determined according to the processing parameters as follows: The hob machining direction is reverse rolling, and the coordinates of the hob starting point, the first inflection point, the second inflection point and the hob exit point on the cutting surface are respectively: The coordinates of the hob starting point A1 are: (X 11 ,Z 11 ), Among them, X 11 =r2+ r1-B1-[[Q2+L2-r2×tan(α / 2)]*tanα], Z 11 =Z 左 +L+Q1, Where r2 is the radius of the hob, r1 is the radius of the workpiece, α is the angle of the K-type tooth, Q1 is the radial cutting start excess length, Q2 is the axial cutting start excess length, L2 is the length of the k-type tooth slope corresponding to the z direction, Z 左 is the Z-axis coordinate of the left end of the workpiece, and L is the tooth width of the K-type tooth; The coordinates of the first inflection point A2 are: (X 12 ,Z 12 ), Among them, X 12 =r2+r1-B1, Z 12 =Z 左 +L−[L2−r2*tan(α / 2)], Where B1 is the sum of cutting depth and tool compensation; The coordinates of the second inflection point A3 are: (X 13 ,Z 13 ), Among them, X 13 =r2+r1-B1, Z 13 =Z 左 +L-L2-L1-r2*tan(α / 2), Where L1 is the minimum distance between the two slopes of the k-type tooth; The coordinates of the hob exit point A4 are: (X 14 ,Z 14 ), Among them, X 14 =r2+r1-B1-[[L-L2-L1+ Q2-r2*tan(α / 2)]*tanα], With 14 =Z 左 -Q3, Q3 is the excess length after axial cutting; The hob machining direction is forward rolling, and the coordinates of the hob starting point, the first inflection point, the second inflection point and the hob exit point on the cutting surface are: The coordinates of the hob starting point are: (X 21 ,Z 21 ), Among them, X 21 =r2+ r1-B1-(Q2+L-L2-L1-r2*tanα), From 21 =Z 左 -Q1, The coordinates of the first inflection point are: (X 22 ,Z 22 ), Among them, X 22 =r2+r1-B1, Z 22 =Z 左 +L-L2-L1-r2*tan(α / 2), The coordinates of the second inflection point are: (X 23 ,Z 23 ), Among them, X 23 =r2+r1-B1, Z 23 =Z 左 +L-L2+r2*tan(α / 2), The coordinates of the hob exit point are: (X 24 ,Z 24 ), Among them, X 24 =r2+ r1-B1-[[Q2+L2-r2*tan(α / 2)]*tanα], FROM 24 =Z 左 +L+Q2.

2. A K-type gear hobbing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After obtaining the processing parameters, the following steps are further included: Comparing the sizes of the axial cutting start excess length and the product of the hob radius and sinα, and in response to the axial cutting start excess length being smaller than the product of the hob radius and sinα, generating a prompt instruction to remind to modify the axial cutting start excess length; and, The axial cutting excess length and the product of the hob radius and sinα are compared, and in response to the axial cutting excess length being smaller than the product of the hob radius and sinα, a prompt instruction is generated to remind the user to modify the axial cutting excess length.

3. A K-type gear hobbing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The K-type gear parameters include the workpiece outer diameter R1, the K-type gear angle α, and the cutting depth; the hob parameters include the hob radius r2 and the tool compensation amount; After obtaining the machining parameters, the method further includes: calculating tan (α / 2), tan α, sin α, workpiece radius r1, r2*sin α, cutting depth and tool compensation amount B1, Among them, r1=R1 / 2.

4. A K-type gear hobbing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hob parameters also include hob helix angle parameters for adjusting the rotation angle of the hob, and the hob helix angle parameters include moving speed, helix angle M1, helix angle minutes M2 and helix angle seconds M3. The method further comprises: determining the hob starting point, the first inflection point, the second inflection point and the hob exit point of the hob center point according to the processing parameters; and then: The helix angle M is calculated based on the hob helix angle parameter. Among them, M=M1+M2 / 60+M3 / 3600; Under the premise of absolute coordinate mode, a linear interpolation instruction is generated according to the current coordinates of the hob and the helix angle M to control the hob to achieve linear displacement between the current coordinates of the hob and the coordinate point corresponding to the helix angle M at the moving speed.

5. A K-type gear hobbing device, characterized in that: It comprises a memory and a controller which are communicatively connected in sequence, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the controller is used to read the computer program and execute a K-type gear hobbing processing method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, characterized in that: When the instructions are executed on a computer, a K-type gear hobbing method as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 is executed.

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