Perovskite tandem solar cell

Abstract

The application relates to a perovskite laminated solar cell. The perovskite laminated solar cell comprises a crystalline silicon cell and at least one perovskite cell, each perovskite cell comprising a first transparent electrode, a buffer layer, a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite layer, a second carrier transport layer and conductive glass which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; each perovskite cell further comprises at least one metal grid line which extends on the first transparent electrode in the horizontal direction; the crystalline silicon cell comprises at least one metal main grid which is arranged at the top and / or bottom of the crystalline silicon cell and extends in the horizontal direction; the metal grid line and the metal main grid have the same extending direction; the number of the at least one metal grid line is the same as that of the at least one metal main grid, and the at least one metal grid line is arranged above the at least one metal main grid one by one. The perovskite laminated solar cell improves the light energy conversion efficiency of the four-terminal laminated cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the fields of new energy conversion and new energy battery module technology, and in particular to a perovskite tandem solar cell. Background Technology

[0002] Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have seen a continuous increase in photoelectric efficiency due to their excellent photoelectric properties, such as high light absorption coefficient, long carrier diffusion length, and high defect tolerance. In just over a decade, the certified efficiency has risen from 3.8% to 26.1%. Meanwhile, because the perovskite bandgap is tunable, four-terminal perovskite / silicon tandem cells, formed by using perovskite as the top cell and silicon as the bottom cell, have also achieved efficiencies exceeding 33% due to their solar spectrum matching absorption.

[0003] However, the poor charge transport capability of the perovskite transparent top electrode affects the light energy conversion efficiency of the four-terminal tandem solar cell. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a perovskite tandem solar cell to address the problems of weak charge transport capability and low light energy conversion efficiency of four-terminal tandem cells.

[0005] A perovskite tandem solar cell, comprising:

[0006] It includes a crystalline silicon cell and at least one perovskite cell. The at least one perovskite cell is disposed on the crystalline silicon cell. Each perovskite cell includes a first transparent electrode, a buffer layer, a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite layer, a second carrier transport layer, and conductive glass, which are stacked sequentially from top to bottom.

[0007] Each perovskite cell also includes at least one metal grid line, which is spaced apart on the first transparent electrode and extends horizontally on the first transparent electrode.

[0008] A crystalline silicon cell includes at least one metal grid, which is spaced apart at the top and / or bottom of the crystalline silicon cell and extends horizontally.

[0009] The metal grid lines and the metal main grid extend in the same direction;

[0010] The number of at least one metal grid line is the same as the number of at least one metal main grid line, and the at least one metal grid line is arranged one-to-one above the at least one metal main grid line.

[0011] Optionally, along the horizontal direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the metal grid lines, the two side boundaries of the projection formed by the metal grid lines on the crystalline silicon cell fall within the two side boundaries of the projection formed by the metal main grid on the crystalline silicon cell.

[0012] Optionally, each perovskite cell includes:

[0013] At least one first metal grid line extends on the first transparent electrode along a first horizontal direction, and the first metal grid lines are spaced apart along a second horizontal direction;

[0014] At least one second metal grid line extends on the first transparent electrode along a second horizontal direction, and the second metal grid lines are spaced apart along the first horizontal direction;

[0015] At least one first metal grid line and at least one second metal grid line intersect in a grid pattern.

[0016] Optionally, the crystalline silicon cell includes:

[0017] At least one metal main grid is provided at intervals at the top and / or bottom of the crystalline silicon cell, the metal main grids extend along a first horizontal direction and are provided at intervals along a second horizontal direction;

[0018] At least one fine grid is provided at the top and / or bottom of the crystalline silicon cell, the fine grid extends along a second horizontal direction and is provided at intervals along a first horizontal direction, and at least one metal main grid and at least one fine grid intersect in a grid pattern at the top and / or bottom of the crystalline silicon cell.

[0019] Optionally, each first metal grid line is disposed above a metal main grid, and each second metal grid line is disposed above a fine grid.

[0020] Optionally, the width of the metal grid lines is 0.5mm-5mm;

[0021] The metal grid wires are made of at least one of the following materials: gold, silver, copper, and aluminum.

[0022] Optionally, the projection of the metal grid lines onto the first plane is in the shape of a line, wherein the first plane is a plane parallel to the extension of the metal grid lines;

[0023] Optionally, at least one perovskite cell is spaced on the crystalline silicon cell, and a first trench is provided between adjacent perovskite cells.

[0024] The projection of the metal grid line on the first plane is an inverted L-shape. The metal grid line includes a horizontal part disposed on the first transparent electrode and a vertical part connected thereto. The vertical part is disposed in the first trench and is separated from the adjacent perovskite cell.

[0025] Optionally, the projection of the metal grid line on the first plane is Z-shaped. The metal grid line includes a first horizontal part, a vertical part, and a second horizontal part. The first horizontal part is disposed on the first transparent electrode. The top of the first horizontal part and the vertical part are connected. The vertical part covers the sidewall of the first trench. The second horizontal part is disposed on the bottom wall of the first trench. The bottom of the second horizontal part and the vertical part are connected. The second horizontal part is separated from the adjacent perovskite cell.

[0026] Optionally, initial metal grid lines are prepared above the first transparent electrode by photomask deposition or screen deposition, and the initial metal grid lines are cut at each first trench by laser process to obtain the metal grid lines of each perovskite solar cell.

[0027] The perovskite tandem solar cell provided in the above embodiments improves the conductivity of the perovskite layer and reduces the contact resistance of the transparent electrode by setting metal grid lines on the surface of the perovskite layer, thereby increasing the fill factor of the perovskite layer. Furthermore, by precisely aligning the metal grid lines of the perovskite layer with the metal grid of the cell layer, the impact of increasing the metal grid lines on the light-receiving area of ​​the perovskite tandem solar cell is avoided, thus improving the light conversion efficiency of the perovskite tandem solar cell. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the embodiments described below. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings.

[0029] In the attached diagram:

[0030] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a perovskite tandem solar cell provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 2 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a perovskite tandem solar cell provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a perovskite tandem solar cell provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 4 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a perovskite tandem solar cell provided for another embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a perovskite tandem solar cell provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 6 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a perovskite tandem solar cell provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of a perovskite tandem solar cell provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 8 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a perovskite tandem solar cell provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the process cutting route for a perovskite solar cell provided in one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0040] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0041] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. It should be understood that when an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be intermediate elements present. Conversely, when an element is said to be "directly" connected to another element, there are no intermediate elements.

[0042] Please see Figures 1-2 This application provides a perovskite tandem solar cell 100. The perovskite tandem solar cell 100 includes:

[0043] The system includes a crystalline silicon solar cell and at least one perovskite solar cell. The at least one perovskite solar cell is disposed on the crystalline silicon solar cell. Each perovskite solar cell includes, from top to bottom, a first transparent electrode, a buffer layer, a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite layer, a second carrier transport layer, and conductive glass. In this embodiment, the first carrier transport layer can be an ETL (Electron Transport Layer) or an HTL (Hole Transport Layer) hole transport layer. The second carrier transport layer has the same structure and material as the first carrier transport layer; that is, the second carrier transport layer can also be an ETL (Electron Transport Layer) or an HTL (Hole Transport Layer). The first transparent electrode is not only disposed above the buffer layer but also vertically inserted into the buffer layer, the first carrier transport layer, the perovskite layer, and the second carrier transport layer. A glass substrate is disposed below the conductive glass, which supports the conductive glass and ensures that the spacing between each conductive glass is the same.

[0044] Each perovskite solar cell also includes at least one metal grid line, which is spaced apart on the first transparent electrode and extends horizontally along the first transparent electrode. In this embodiment, each metal grid line is arranged in parallel and the spacing between each metal grid line is the same. The metal grid line can be made of one or more alloys of elements such as gold, silver, copper, and aluminum.

[0045] The crystalline silicon solar cell includes at least one metal grid, which is spaced apart at the top and / or bottom of the cell and extends horizontally. In this embodiment, the top and bottom metal grids are distributed in the same way and are parallel straight lines on the same plane in the vertical direction. Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the metal grid can also be a single metal grid plate of the same size as the upper / lower surface of the crystalline silicon cell. When the metal grid is a grid line, the metal grid line above the perovskite cell, the metal grid at the top of the crystalline silicon cell, and the metal grid at the bottom of the crystalline silicon cell are parallel to each other on the same vertical cross-section. This method maximizes the contact area between the crystalline silicon cell and sunlight when sunlight shines on the top of the perovskite cell, thereby improving the perovskite cell's absorption and conversion of sunlight energy.

[0046] The metal grid lines and metal main grids extend in the same direction, and the number of at least one metal grid line and at least one metal main grid line is the same. At least one metal grid line is positioned one-to-one above at least one metal main grid line. By setting metal grid lines on the surface of the perovskite layer, the transparent electrode of the perovskite layer is bonded to the metal, improving the conductivity of the perovskite layer and reducing the contact resistance of the transparent electrode, thereby increasing the fill factor of the perovskite layer. Furthermore, by precisely aligning the metal grid lines of the perovskite layer with the metal grid of the cell layer, the impact of increasing the metal grid lines on the light-receiving area of ​​the perovskite tandem solar cell is avoided, thus improving the light conversion efficiency of the four-terminal tandem cell.

[0047] Optionally, along a horizontal direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the metal grid lines, the two side boundaries of the projection formed by the metal grid lines on the crystalline silicon cell fall within the two side boundaries of the projection formed by the metal main grid on the crystalline silicon cell. This method can reduce the shading range of the metal grid lines and the metal main grid on the light-receiving area of ​​the perovskite tandem solar cell, thereby ensuring that the light conversion efficiency of the perovskite tandem solar cell is improved while improving the conductivity of the perovskite layer.

[0048] Optionally, each perovskite solar cell includes: at least one first metal grid line extending on the first transparent electrode along a first horizontal direction, the first metal grid line being spaced apart along a second horizontal direction; at least one second metal grid line extending on the first transparent electrode along a second horizontal direction, the second metal grid line being spaced apart along the first horizontal direction; the at least one first metal grid line and the at least one second metal grid line intersect in a grid pattern.

[0049] In this embodiment, as Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the first metal grid line intersects the second metal grid line perpendicularly, and at least one second metal grid line is included above the same perovskite cell, which intersects the first metal grid line of the perovskite cell perpendicularly. The second metal grid lines above the perovskite cell are parallel to each other, and when there is more than one second metal grid line above the perovskite cell, the spacing between the second metal grid lines above each perovskite cell can be different.

[0050] Optionally, the crystalline silicon cell includes: at least one metal main grid, the at least one metal main grid being spaced apart at the top and / or bottom of the crystalline silicon cell, the metal main grid extending along a first horizontal direction and spaced apart along a second horizontal direction; at least one fine grid, the at least one fine grid being spaced apart at the top and / or bottom of the crystalline silicon cell, the fine grid extending along the second horizontal direction and spaced apart along the first horizontal direction, the at least one metal main grid and the at least one fine grid intersecting in a grid pattern at the top and / or bottom of the crystalline silicon cell.

[0051] In this embodiment, as Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, when a second metal grid line is included above the perovskite solar cell, the crystalline silicon solar cell below the perovskite solar cell includes at least one fine grid line above and below each of the metal grid lines. Each metal grid line is arranged in parallel with the others, and on the same vertical plane, there is at least one second metal grid line on the top layer of the perovskite solar cell, one fine grid line above the crystalline silicon solar cell, and one fine grid line below the crystalline silicon solar cell. The second metal grid line on the top layer of the perovskite solar cell, the fine grid line above the crystalline silicon solar cell, and the fine grid line below the crystalline silicon solar cell are arranged in parallel with each other.

[0052] Optionally, each first metal grid line is disposed above a metal main grid, and each second metal grid line is disposed above a fine grid.

[0053] Optionally, the width of the metal grid line is 0.5mm-5mm; the material of the metal grid line includes at least one of gold, silver, copper, and aluminum.

[0054] Optionally, the projection of the metal grid lines onto the first plane is in the shape of a line, wherein the first plane is a plane parallel to the extension of the metal grid lines. In this embodiment, as... Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the metal grid lines are straight lines arranged in a line only on the surface of the transparent electrode. These straight grid lines are combined with the transparent electrode of each perovskite cell, reducing the electrode contact resistance and thus increasing the conductivity of each perovskite cell.

[0055] Optionally, at least one perovskite cell is spaced on the crystalline silicon cell, and a first trench is formed between adjacent perovskite cells; the projection of the metal grid lines on the first plane is an inverted L-shape, and the metal grid lines include a horizontal portion disposed on the first transparent electrode and a vertical portion connected thereto, the vertical portion being disposed in the first trench and spaced apart from adjacent perovskite cells. Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the metal grid lines are L-shaped grid lines disposed on the upper surface of the transparent electrode and on the left side surface of each perovskite cell. These L-shaped grid lines increase the contact length between the metal grid lines and the transparent electrode, further reducing the electrode contact resistance and thus improving the conductivity of the perovskite cell.

[0056] Optionally, the projection of the metal grid lines on the first plane is Z-shaped. The metal grid lines include a first horizontal portion, a vertical portion, and a second horizontal portion. The first horizontal portion is disposed on the first transparent electrode, and the top of the first horizontal portion and the vertical portion are connected. The vertical portion covers the sidewall of the first trench. The second horizontal portion is disposed on the bottom wall of the first trench, and the bottom of the second horizontal portion and the vertical portion are connected. The second horizontal portion is separated from adjacent perovskite solar cells. Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the metal grid lines are Z-shaped grid lines disposed on the upper surface of the transparent electrode, on the left side surface of each perovskite cell, and between two perovskite cells. These Z-shaped grid lines ensure that the two perovskite cells are not directly connected by the metal grid lines, thus allowing them to operate independently. Simultaneously, they significantly increase the contact length between the metal grid lines and the transparent electrode, further reducing the electrode contact resistance and thereby improving the conductivity of the perovskite cells.

[0057] Optionally, initial metal grid lines are fabricated above the first transparent electrode using a mask deposition method or a screen deposition method. Then, the initial metal grid lines are cut at each of the first trenches using a laser process to obtain the metal grid lines for each perovskite solar cell. Specifically, as shown... Figure 9 Each perovskite solar cell shown is created by first performing a P3 dicing process on a single perovskite solar cell, then adding a mask or screen to deposit metal grid lines, and finally using a laser-based P3.5 dicing process to cut the grid lines, thus separating the positive and negative electrodes into individual sub-perovskite solar cells. These sub-perovskite solar cells are connected in series. The P3 dicing process involves using a third dicing method to remove the top charge transport layer of the single perovskite solar cell, thereby equally dividing the entire perovskite solar cell into 3n-layer perovskite solar cells of the same size. The P3.5 process involves laser-cutting the metal grid lines connecting each perovskite solar cell.

[0058] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0059] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A perovskite tandem solar cell, characterized in that, The device includes a crystalline silicon cell and at least one perovskite cell. At least one of the perovskite cells is disposed on the crystalline silicon cell. Each perovskite cell includes a first transparent electrode, a buffer layer, a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite layer, a second carrier transport layer, and conductive glass, which are stacked sequentially from top to bottom. Each of the perovskite solar cells further includes at least one metal grid line, the at least one metal grid line being spaced apart on the first transparent electrode, the metal grid line extending in a horizontal direction on the first transparent electrode; The crystalline silicon cell includes at least one metal main grid, and the at least one metal main grid is spaced apart at the top and / or bottom of the crystalline silicon cell, and the metal main grid extends in a horizontal direction; The metal grid lines and the metal main grid extend in the same direction; The number of the at least one metal grid line and the at least one metal main grid line are the same, and the at least one metal grid line is arranged one-to-one above the at least one metal main grid line; At least one of the perovskite cells is spaced on the crystalline silicon cell, and a first trench is provided between adjacent perovskite cells; The projection of the metal grid line on the first plane is Z-shaped. The metal grid line includes a first horizontal part, a vertical part, and a second horizontal part. The first horizontal part is disposed on the first transparent electrode. The top of the first horizontal part and the top of the vertical part are connected. The vertical part covers the sidewall of the first trench. The second horizontal part is disposed on the bottom wall of the first trench. The bottom of the second horizontal part and the bottom of the vertical part are connected. The second horizontal part is separated from the adjacent perovskite solar cell. At least one first metal gate line extends on the first transparent electrode along a first horizontal direction, and the first metal gate line is spaced apart along a second horizontal direction; At least one second metal gate line extends on the first transparent electrode along the second horizontal direction, and the second metal gate lines are spaced apart along the first horizontal direction; At least one of the first metal grid lines and at least one of the second metal grid lines intersect in a grid pattern.

2. The perovskite tandem solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along a horizontal direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the metal grid lines, the two side boundaries of the projection of the metal grid lines onto the crystalline silicon cell fall within the two side boundaries of the projection of the metal main grid onto the crystalline silicon cell.

3. The perovskite tandem solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The crystalline silicon solar cell includes: At least one metal main grid is provided at intervals at the top and / or bottom of the crystalline silicon cell, the metal main grid extending along the first horizontal direction and at intervals along the second horizontal direction; At least one fine grid is provided at intervals at the top and / or bottom of the crystalline silicon cell. The fine grid extends along the second horizontal direction and is provided at intervals along the first horizontal direction. At least one metal main grid and at least one fine grid intersect in a grid pattern at the top and / or bottom of the crystalline silicon cell.

4. The perovskite tandem solar cell according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each of the first metal grid lines is disposed above one of the metal main grids, and each of the second metal grid lines is disposed above one of the fine grids.

5. The perovskite tandem solar cell according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The width of the metal grid lines is 0.5mm-5mm; The metal grid wire is made of at least one of gold, silver, copper, and aluminum.

6. The perovskite tandem solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The projection of the metal grid line onto the first plane is in the shape of a line, wherein the first plane is a plane parallel to the extension of the metal grid line.

7. The perovskite tandem solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The projection of the metal grid line on the first plane is an inverted L-shape. The metal grid line includes a horizontal portion disposed on the first transparent electrode and a vertical portion connected thereto. The vertical portion is disposed in the first trench and is separated from the adjacent perovskite solar cell.

8. The perovskite tandem solar cell according to claim 7, characterized in that, An initial metal grid line is prepared on the first transparent electrode using a mask deposition method or a screen deposition method. Then, the initial metal grid line is cut at each of the first trenches using a laser process to obtain the metal grid line of each perovskite solar cell.

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