A detection sampling device and method for water conservancy engineering

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of sampling for water conservancy projects, and specifically to a detection sampling device and method for water conservancy projects, comprising a water collecting cylinder, a water inlet trough is provided on the front side of the water collecting cylinder, a shielding ring is movably provided on the front side of the water inlet trough, a pressure plate is movably provided in the water collecting cylinder, a first fixed block is movably provided on the upper side of the water collecting cylinder, a fan blade is arranged in an array on the first fixed block, a counterweight block is movably provided on the lower side of the water collecting cylinder, an exhaust mechanism is provided in the water collecting cylinder, and a driving mechanism is provided on the upper side of the water collecting cylinder. The present invention uses a shielding ring that can be switched on and off underwater so that the device can accurately absorb water in a specified water area, and negative pressure will be formed in the water collecting cylinder after the device reaches the specified water area, and water will be quickly absorbed due to the negative pressure after the shielding ring is opened, and after the shielding ring rises, the filter screen will cover the water inlet trough to prevent stones and the like from getting stuck in the water inlet trough.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy engineering sampling, and in particular to a detection sampling device and method for water conservancy engineering. Background Art

[0002] Water conservancy projects refer to flood control, waterlogging removal, irrigation, power generation, water supply, reclamation, soil and water conservation, immigration, water resource protection and other projects and their supporting and ancillary projects. In water conservancy projects, it is often necessary to test the water quality. However, the existing sampling device sinks by gravity during sampling. However, if the water flow is fast during this process, the sampling device may be displaced or sampling errors may occur due to position offset. In addition, during the water drawing process, the existing water intake device may have impurities or stones blocking the water inlet, or may hit the bottom and block the water inlet, resulting in water collection failure. For this reason, we propose a detection sampling device and method for water conservancy projects to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a detection sampling device and method for water conservancy projects to solve the problems proposed in the above background technology that the water intake position may be affected by the water flow and the water inlet may be blocked.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a detection sampling device and method for water conservancy projects, comprising a water collecting cylinder, a water inlet trough is provided on the front side of the water collecting cylinder, a shielding ring is movably provided on the front side of the water inlet trough, a pressure plate is movably provided in the water collecting cylinder, a first fixed block is movably provided on the upper side of the water collecting cylinder, fan blades are arranged in an array on the first fixed block, a counterweight block is movably provided on the lower side of the water collecting cylinder, an exhaust mechanism is provided in the water collecting cylinder, a driving mechanism is provided on the upper side of the water collecting cylinder, a transmission mechanism is provided on the rear side of the water collecting cylinder, and a weighting mechanism is provided on the lower side of the water collecting cylinder.

[0005] Preferably, the exhaust mechanism includes a second fixed block, a second fixed block is fixedly installed on the lower side of the water collecting cylinder, a mounting groove is opened in the second fixed block, a rotating motor is fixedly installed in the mounting groove, a screw is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the rotating motor, the screw is arranged at the center position of the water collecting cylinder, a screw sleeve is fixedly installed at the center position of the pressure plate, the screw sleeve is connected to the screw by a thread, limit blocks are fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the water collecting cylinder, a sealing rubber ring is fixedly installed on the outer side of the pressure plate, the left and right sides of the pressure plate and the sealing rubber ring are adapted to the shape of the limit block, and the sealing rubber ring fits tightly with the limit block.

[0006] Preferably, the driving mechanism includes a sealing cover, a sealing cover is fixedly installed on the upper side of the water collection cylinder, a mounting ring is provided at the center position of the sealing cover, a rotating block is rotatably installed on the mounting ring, a turntable is fixedly installed on the outer side of the rotating block, air jet holes are arranged in an array on the rotating block and the turntable, and a first fixed block is fixedly installed on the upper side of the turntable.

[0007] Preferably, a rotating groove is provided on the sealing cover, a rotating ring is fixedly mounted on the lower side of the rotating block, rollers are rotatably mounted on the rotating ring in an array, upper and lower sides of the rollers both exceed the rotating ring, and the rollers are in contact with the rotating groove.

[0008] Preferably, the transmission mechanism includes a first rack, which is fixedly mounted on the pressure plate, and a first gear is rotatably mounted on the upper side of the water collecting cylinder, the position of the first rack matches the position of the first gear, a second gear is fixedly mounted on the first gear, a compound gear is meshed on the lower side of the second gear, a double-layer gear is meshed on the lower side of the compound gear, another group of second gears are meshed on the lower side of the double-layer gear, another group of compound gears are meshed on the lower side of the second gear, a third gear is meshed on the lower side of the compound gear, five groups of third gears are meshed on the left and right sides of the third gear, second racks are fixedly mounted on the left and right sides of the shielding ring, the second rack is meshed with the third gear, the second gear, the compound gear, the double-layer gear and the third gear are all rotatably mounted on the water collecting cylinder, a shielding block is fixedly mounted on the rear side of the water collecting cylinder, and the second gear, the compound gear, the double-layer gear and the third gear are arranged in the shielding block.

[0009] Preferably, a slide groove is provided at the limit block, a slider is movably provided in the slide groove, a ball is rotatably installed on the slider, the size of the ball is matched with the size of the slide groove, a limit groove is provided at the slide groove, a clamping block is fixedly installed on the slider, the clamping block is slidably installed in the limit groove, two groups of movable grooves are provided in the slider, a movable rod is movably inserted in the movable groove, a spring is sleeved on the movable rod, and the movable rod is fixedly installed on the shielding ring.

[0010] Preferably, a weighted plate is fixedly mounted on the lower end of the water collection cylinder, the weighted plate array is provided with flow holes, and rope hooks are fixedly mounted on the left and right sides of the weighted plate.

[0011] Preferably, an annular groove is provided on the front side of the weighted disk, and a filter is fixedly mounted on the lower end of the shielding ring, and the size of the filter is adapted to the size of the water inlet trough.

[0012] Preferably, the weighting mechanism includes a weighting plate, a fixing rod is fixedly installed at the center position of the weighting plate, a conical block is fixedly installed on the lower side of the fixing rod, a limiting rod is fixedly installed on the conical block, a threaded rod is fixedly installed on the upper side of the limiting rod, the spacing between the threaded rod and the weighting plate is matched with the width of the counterweight block, a threaded sleeve is sleeved on the threaded rod, a socket is provided on the counterweight block, a U-shaped groove is provided on the counterweight block, the limiting rod is inserted in the socket, and the size of the U-shaped groove is matched with the size of the fixing rod.

[0013] Preferably, the rope is fixed on the rope hook and the water collecting cylinder is placed in water. At this time, the water collecting cylinder sinks, and a counterweight block can be placed on the conical block to increase the weight of the water collecting cylinder. Then, the rotating motor is started to cause the pressure plate to rise. At this time, the air in the water collecting cylinder is discharged from the air jet hole. Under the guidance of the air jet hole, the air discharge drives the turntable and the fan blades to rotate so that the water collecting cylinder can sink quickly. Then, the pressure plate continues to rise, causing the shielding ring to rise and open the water inlet slot to start collecting water samples. Then, the pressure plate moves downward, driving the shielding ring to move and close the water inlet slot.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention enables the device to accurately absorb water in the specified water area through a shielding ring that can be opened and closed underwater, and negative pressure will be formed in the water collection cylinder after the device reaches the specified water area, and after the shielding ring is opened, water will be quickly absorbed due to the negative pressure, and after the shielding ring rises, the filter will cover the water inlet trough to prevent stones and the like from getting stuck in the water inlet trough, and during the descent of the device, the device can be quickly descended by spraying air flow, so that the water intake time of the device is shorter, thereby reducing the influence of the water flow on the water intake of the device, and the weight of the device itself can be adaptively changed, thereby increasing the adaptability of the device when used. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic front view of the structure of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 It is a schematic rear view of the structure of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structural cross section of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structural separation of the second gear of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structural separation of the sealing cover of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structural separation of the shielding ring of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structural separation of the weighted disk of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 3 A is a partial enlarged schematic diagram;

[0024] Fig. 9 For the present invention Figure 5 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of B in the middle;

[0025] Fig.10 For the present invention Figure 6 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of C in the middle.

[0026] In the figure: 1, water collecting cylinder; 2, water inlet groove; 3, shielding ring; 4, pressure plate; 5, first fixed block; 6, fan blade; 7, counterweight block; 8, second fixed block; 9, mounting groove; 10, rotating motor; 11, screw; 12, limit block; 13, screw sleeve; 14, sealing rubber ring; 15, sealing cover; 16, mounting ring; 17, rotating block; 18, rotating disk; 19, jet hole; 20, rotating groove; 21, rotating ring; 22, roller; 23, first rack; 24, first gear; 25, second gear; 26. Compound gear; 27. Double-layer gear; 28. Third gear; 29. ​​Second rack; 30. Shielding block; 31. Slide; 32. Sliding block; 33. Ball; 34. Limiting groove; 35. Block; 36. Movable groove; 37. Movable rod; 38. Spring; 39. Weighting plate; 40. Flow hole; 41. Rope hook; 42. Annular groove; 43. Filter; 44. Fixing rod; 45. Conical block; 46. Limiting rod; 47. Threaded rod; 48. Threaded sleeve; 49. Socket; 50. U-shaped groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] See also Figure 1-10The present invention provides an embodiment: a detection sampling device and method for water conservancy projects, comprising a water collecting cylinder 1, a water inlet trough 2 is provided on the front side of the water collecting cylinder 1, a shielding ring 3 is movably provided on the front side of the water inlet trough 2, a pressure plate 4 is movably provided in the water collecting cylinder 1, a first fixed block 5 is movably provided on the upper side of the water collecting cylinder 1, a fan blade 6 is arranged in an array on the first fixed block 5, a counterweight block 7 is movably provided on the lower side of the water collecting cylinder 1, an exhaust mechanism is provided in the water collecting cylinder 1, a driving mechanism is provided on the upper side of the water collecting cylinder 1, a transmission mechanism is provided on the rear side of the water collecting cylinder 1, and a pressure plate 4 is movably provided in the water collecting cylinder 1, a first fixed block 5 is movably provided on the upper side of the water collecting cylinder 1, a fan blade 6 is arranged on the upper side of the first fixed block 5, a counterweight block 7 is movably provided on the lower side of the water collecting cylinder 1, an exhaust mechanism is provided in the water collecting cylinder 1, a driving mechanism is provided on the upper side of the water collecting cylinder 1, a transmission mechanism is provided on the rear side of the water collecting cylinder 1, and a pressure plate 4 is movably provided in the water collecting cylinder 1. A weighting mechanism is provided. The device uses the exhaust mechanism to discharge the air in the water collection cylinder 1 upward, thereby forming a negative pressure at the lower part of the water collection cylinder 1. The air in the water collection cylinder 1 is discharged upward through the rotating block 17 into the rotating block 17, and is discharged from the air jet hole 19. In this process, the airflow discharged from the air jet hole 19 drives the turntable 18 to rotate, thereby driving the first fixed block 5 and the fan blade 6 to rotate, thereby assisting the water collection cylinder 1 to descend quickly. A weighting mechanism is also provided so that the weight of the device itself can be adaptively changed, thereby increasing the adaptability of the device when in use.

[0029] Furthermore, the exhaust mechanism includes a second fixed block 8, the second fixed block 8 is fixedly installed on the lower side of the water collection cylinder 1, a mounting groove 9 is opened in the second fixed block 8, a rotating motor 10 is fixedly installed in the mounting groove 9, a screw 11 is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the rotating motor 10, the screw 11 is arranged at the center of the water collection cylinder 1, a screw sleeve 13 is fixedly installed at the center of the pressure plate 4, the screw sleeve 13 is connected to the screw 11 through a threaded sleeve, and a limit block 12 is fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the water collection cylinder 1, and a sealing rubber ring 14 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the pressure plate 4. The left and right sides of the pressure plate 4 and the sealing rubber ring 14 are adapted to the shape of the limit block 12, and the sealing rubber ring 14 fits tightly with the limit block 12. When the structure is used, the screw 11 drives the pressure plate 4 to rise through the threaded action between the screw sleeve 13. At this time, the sealing rubber ring 14 moves along the limit block 12. At this time, the air in the water collection cylinder 1 is discharged upward, so that a negative pressure is formed at the lower part of the water collection cylinder 1, and the air in the water collection cylinder 1 is discharged upward through the rotating block 17 into the rotating block 17, and is discharged from the air jet hole 19. In this process, the airflow discharged from the air jet hole 19 will drive the turntable 18 to rotate, thereby driving the first fixed block 5 and the fan blade 6 to rotate, thereby assisting the water collection cylinder 1 to descend quickly, increasing the speed and stability of the equipment when descending.

[0030] Furthermore, the driving mechanism includes a sealing cover 15, the sealing cover 15 is fixedly installed on the upper side of the water collection cylinder 1, a mounting ring 16 is arranged at the center position of the sealing cover 15, a rotating block 17 is rotatably installed on the mounting ring 16, a turntable 18 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the rotating block 17, and jet holes 19 are arranged in an array on the rotating block 17 and the turntable 18, and a first fixed block 5 is fixedly installed on the upper side of the turntable 18. When the structure is in use, the rotating motor 10 is started to drive the screw 11 to rotate, and the screw 11 drives the pressure plate 4 to rise through the threaded action between the screw sleeve 13. At this time, the sealing rubber ring 14 moves along the limit block 12, so that the pressure plate 4 can move in the water collection cylinder 1, thereby providing conditions for exhaust and switching the shielding ring 3.

[0031] Furthermore, a rotating groove 20 is opened on the sealing cover 15, and a rotating ring 21 is fixedly installed on the lower side of the rotating block 17. Rollers 22 are rotatably installed in an array on the rotating ring 21. The upper and lower sides of the rollers 22 exceed the rotating ring 21, and the rollers 22 are fitted with the rotating groove 20. When this structure is in use, the rotating ring 21 rotates in the rotating groove 20, and at this time, the rollers 22 rotate in the rotating groove 20, thereby reducing the friction of the turntable 18 during rotation and increasing the stability of the equipment during use.

[0032] Furthermore, the transmission mechanism includes a first rack 23, which is fixedly mounted on the pressure plate 4. A first gear 24 is rotatably mounted on the upper side of the water collection cylinder 1. The position of the first rack 23 matches the position of the first gear 24. A second gear 25 is fixedly mounted on the first gear 24. A composite gear 26 is meshed at the lower side of the second gear 25. A double-layer gear 27 is meshed at the lower side of the composite gear 26. Another set of second gears 25 is meshed at the lower side of the double-layer gear 27. Another set of composite gears 26 is meshed at the lower side of the second gear 25. A third gear 28 is meshed at the lower side of the composite gear 26. Five sets of third gears 28 are meshed on the left and right sides of the third gear 28. Second racks 29 are fixedly mounted on the left and right sides of the shielding ring 3. The second racks 29 are meshed with the third gear 28. The second gear 25, the compound gear 26, the double-layer gear 27 and the third gear 28 are all rotatably mounted on the water collecting cylinder 1. A shielding block 30 is fixedly mounted on the rear side of the water collecting cylinder 1. The second gear 25, the compound gear 26, the double-layer gear 27 and the third gear 28 are arranged in the shielding block 30. When the structure is in use, the first rack 23 contacts the first gear 24, thereby driving the first gear 24 to rotate through meshing. The rotation of the first gear 24 will drive the second gear 25 to rotate. When the second gear 25 rotates, the compound gear 26, the double-layer gear 27 and the third gear 28 are driven to rotate through the meshing of the teeth, thereby driving the shielding ring 3 to rise through the meshing between the third gear 28 and the second rack 29, thereby realizing the automatic opening and closing of the shielding ring 3.

[0033] Furthermore, a slide groove 31 is provided at the limit block 12, a slider 32 is movably provided in the slide groove 31, a ball 33 is rotatably installed on the slider 32, the size of the ball 33 is adapted to the size of the slide groove 31, a limit groove 34 is provided at the slide groove 31, a clamping block 35 is fixedly installed on the slider 32, the clamping block 35 is slidably installed in the limit groove 34, two sets of movable grooves 36 are provided in the slider 32, a movable rod 37 is movably inserted in the movable groove 36, a spring 38 is sleeved on the movable rod 37, and the movable rod 37 is fixedly installed on the shielding ring 3. When the structure is in use, the slider 32 will move in the slide groove 31, and the movable rod 37 can pull the shielding ring 3 to ensure that the shielding ring 3 is fitted with the water collecting cylinder 1, and the ball 33 can reduce the resistance during sliding, thereby increasing the stability of the equipment during use and increasing the fit between the shielding ring 3 and the water inlet trough 2.

[0034] Furthermore, a weighted plate 39 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the water collection cylinder 1, and a flow hole 40 is opened in the array of the weighted plate 39. Rope hooks 41 are fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the weighted plate 39. This structure concentrates the center of the device on the lower side, so that the device can maintain a vertical state after entering water, and a pull rope can be connected to the rope hook 41 so that the device can be pulled out of the water.

[0035] Furthermore, an annular groove 42 is provided on the front side of the weighted plate 39, and a filter screen 43 is fixedly installed on the lower end of the shielding ring 3. The size of the filter screen 43 is adapted to the size of the water inlet trough 2. This structure allows the filter screen 43 to shield the water inlet trough 2 when the shielding ring 3 rises, thereby preventing stones and the like from getting stuck in the water inlet trough 2.

[0036] Furthermore, the weighting mechanism includes a weighting plate 39, a fixing rod 44 is fixedly installed at the center position of the weighting plate 39, a conical block 45 is fixedly installed on the lower side of the fixing rod 44, a limiting rod 46 is fixedly installed on the conical block 45, a threaded rod 47 is fixedly installed on the upper side of the limiting rod 46, the spacing between the threaded rod 47 and the weighting plate 39 is adapted to the width of the counterweight block 7, a threaded sleeve 48 is sleeved on the threaded rod 47, a socket 49 is provided on the counterweight block 7, a U-shaped groove 50 is provided on the counterweight block 7, the limiting rod 46 is inserted in the socket 49, the size of the U-shaped groove 50 is adapted to the size of the fixing rod 44, and this structure enables the counterweight block 7 to be conveniently loaded on the conical block 45, so that the equipment can be adaptively weighted, thereby increasing the adaptability of the equipment when in use.

[0037] Furthermore, the rope is fixed on the rope hook 41, and the water collecting cylinder 1 is placed in the water. At this time, the water collecting cylinder 1 sinks, and the counterweight block 7 can be placed on the conical block 45 to increase the weight of the water collecting cylinder 1. Then the rotating motor 10 is started to make the pressure plate 4 rise. At this time, the air in the water collecting cylinder 1 is discharged from the jet hole 19. Under the guidance of the jet hole 19, the air discharge drives the turntable 18 and the fan blades 6 to rotate so that the water collecting cylinder 1 can sink quickly. Then the pressure plate 4 continues to rise, so that the shielding ring 3 drives it to rise so that the water inlet groove 2 is opened, and water samples begin to be collected. Then the pressure plate 4 moves down to drive the shielding ring 3 to move and close the water inlet groove 2.

[0038] Working principle: When in use, hang the rope on the rope hook 41, and then place the water collection cylinder 1 in the water area to be measured. At this time, the rotating motor 10 starts to drive the screw 11 to rotate. The screw 11 drives the pressure plate 4 to rise through the threaded action between the screw and the screw sleeve 13. At this time, the sealing rubber ring 14 moves along the limit block 12. At this time, the air in the water collection cylinder 1 is discharged upward, so that a negative pressure is formed at the lower part of the water collection cylinder 1, and the air in the water collection cylinder 1 is discharged upward through the rotating block 17 into the rotating block 17, and is discharged from the jet hole 19. In this process, the airflow discharged from the jet hole 19 will bring The rotating disk 18 rotates, thereby driving the first fixed block 5 and the fan blade 6 to rotate, thereby assisting the water collection cylinder 1 to descend quickly. At this time, the rotating ring 21 rotates in the rotating groove 20, and the roller 22 rotates in the rotating groove 20, thereby reducing the friction of the rotating disk 18 during rotation. When the equipment reaches the specified position, the first rack 23 will contact the first gear 24, thereby driving the first gear 24 to rotate through meshing. The rotation of the first gear 24 will drive the second gear 25 to rotate. When the second gear 25 rotates, the composite gear 26, the double-layer gear 27 and the third gear 28 are driven by the meshing of the teeth. The shielding ring 3 is rotated, thereby the meshing between the third gear 28 and the second rack 29 drives the shielding ring 3 to rise. At this time, the slider 32 moves in the slide groove 31, and the movable rod 37 can pull the shielding ring 3 to ensure that the shielding ring 3 is fitted with the water collecting cylinder 1. After the shielding ring 3 rises, it will drive the filter screen 43 to rise and cover the water inlet trough 2, thereby reducing the situation where large stones and the like are stuck in the water inlet trough 2, so that the water inlet trough 2 is opened. After the water inlet trough 2 is opened, the water flow will enter the water collecting cylinder 1, and then the output shaft of the rotating motor 10 is reversed to drive the pressure plate 4 to descend, so that the second gear 25 is reversed, so The shielding ring 3 is lowered to re-shield the water inlet trough 2 to complete the closure. Before throwing the equipment into the water, the counterweight 7 can be inserted on the fixing rod 44, so that the insertion hole 49 and the limiting rod 46 are inserted relative to each other and placed on the conical block 45. After loading with a suitable number of counterweights 7, the rotating threaded sleeve 48 rises through the threaded action between the threaded rod 47 so that the threaded sleeve 48 and the weighted plate 39 are abutted to complete the closure. Since the bottom of the equipment is heavier, the bottom of the equipment will face downward in the water, and if it touches the bottom of the water, the conical block 45 will penetrate into the bottom of the water for stability. The above is the entire working principle of the present invention.

[0039] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A detection sampling device for water conservancy projects, comprising a water collecting cylinder (1), wherein a water inlet groove (2) is provided on the front side of the water collecting cylinder (1), and the characteristics are: A shielding ring (3) is movably provided at the front side of the water inlet trough (2), a pressure plate (4) is movably provided in the water collecting cylinder (1), a first fixed block (5) is movably provided on the upper side of the water collecting cylinder (1), a fan blade (6) is arranged in an array on the first fixed block (5), a counterweight block (7) is movably provided on the lower side of the water collecting cylinder (1), an exhaust mechanism is provided in the water collecting cylinder (1), a driving mechanism is provided on the upper side of the water collecting cylinder (1), a transmission mechanism is provided on the rear side of the water collecting cylinder (1), a weighting mechanism is provided on the lower side of the water collecting cylinder (1), a filter screen (43) is fixedly installed at the lower end of the shielding ring (3), the size of the filter screen (43) is adapted to the size of the water inlet trough (2), and the transmission mechanism is used to drive the shielding ring (3) to rise, thereby realizing automatic opening and closing of the shielding ring (3); The exhaust mechanism comprises a second fixing block (8), the second fixing block (8) being fixedly mounted on the lower side of the water collecting cylinder (1), a mounting groove (9) being provided in the second fixing block (8), a rotating motor (10) being fixedly mounted in the mounting groove (9), a screw rod (11) being fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the rotating motor (10), the screw rod (11) being arranged at the center position of the water collecting cylinder (1), and a screw sleeve (13) being fixedly mounted at the center position of the pressure plate (4); The driving mechanism comprises a sealing cover (15), the sealing cover (15) being fixedly mounted on the upper side of the water collecting cylinder (1), a mounting ring (16) being arranged at the center of the sealing cover (15), a rotating block (17) being rotatably mounted on the mounting ring (16), a rotating disk (18) being fixedly mounted on the outer side of the rotating block (17), both the rotating block (17) and the rotating disk (18) being provided with jet holes (19) in an array, and a first fixed block (5) being fixedly mounted on the upper side of the rotating disk (18).

2. A detection sampling device for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screw sleeve (13) is threadably sleeved on the screw rod (11); limit blocks (12) are fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the water collection cylinder (1); a sealing rubber ring (14) is fixedly installed on the outer side of the pressure plate (4); the left and right sides of the pressure plate (4) and the sealing rubber ring (14) are adapted to the shape of the limit blocks (12); and the sealing rubber ring (14) is tightly fitted to the limit blocks (12).

3. A detection sampling device for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing cover (15) is provided with a rotation groove (20), a rotation ring (21) is fixedly mounted on the lower side of the rotation block (17), rollers (22) are rotatably mounted on the rotation ring (21), the upper and lower sides of the rollers (22) are both beyond the rotation ring (21), and the rollers (22) are in close contact with the rotation groove (20).

4. A detection sampling device for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism comprises a first rack (23), the first rack (23) being fixedly mounted on the pressure plate (4), a first gear (24) being rotatably mounted on the upper side of the water collection cylinder (1), the position of the first rack (23) being matched with the position of the first gear (24), a second gear (25) being fixedly mounted on the first gear (24), a composite gear (26) being meshed on the lower side of the second gear (25), a double-layer gear (27) being meshed on the lower side of the composite gear (26), another set of second gears (25) being meshed on the lower side of the double-layer gear (27), another set of composite gears (26) being meshed on the lower side of the second gear (25), and the lower side of the second gear (25) being meshed on the lower side of the composite gear (26). A third gear (28) is meshed at the lower side of the composite gear (26), and five groups of third gears (28) are meshed on both the left and right sides of the third gear (28). Second racks (29) are fixedly mounted on both the left and right sides of the shielding ring (3), and the second racks (29) are meshed with the third gear (28). The second gear (25), the composite gear (26), the double-layer gear (27) and the third gear (28) are all rotatably mounted on the water collection cylinder (1). A shielding block (30) is fixedly mounted on the rear side of the water collection cylinder (1), and the second gear (25), the composite gear (26), the double-layer gear (27) and the third gear (28) are arranged in the shielding block (30).

5. A detection sampling device for water conservancy projects according to claim 2, characterized in that: The limit block (12) is provided with a slide groove (31), a slider (32) is movably arranged in the slide groove (31), a ball (33) is rotatably mounted on the slider (32), the size of the ball (33) is matched with the size of the slide groove (31), a limit groove (34) is provided in the slide groove (31), a clamping block (35) is fixedly mounted on the slider (32), the clamping block (35) is slidably mounted in the limit groove (34), two groups of movable grooves (36) are provided in the slider (32), a movable rod (37) is movably inserted in the movable groove (36), a spring (38) is sleeved on the movable rod (37), and the movable rod (37) is fixedly mounted on the shielding ring (3).

6. A detection sampling device for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: A weighted disc (39) is fixedly mounted on the lower end of the water collection cylinder (1); an array of the weighted discs (39) is provided with flow holes (40); and rope hooks (41) are fixedly mounted on the left and right sides of the weighted discs (39).

7. A detection sampling device for water conservancy projects according to claim 6, characterized in that: An annular groove (42) is formed on the front side of the weighted disk (39).

8. A detection sampling device for water conservancy projects according to claim 6, characterized in that: The weighting mechanism comprises a weighting plate (39), a fixing rod (44) is fixedly mounted at the center of the weighting plate (39), a conical block (45) is fixedly mounted on the lower side of the fixing rod (44), a limiting rod (46) is fixedly mounted on the conical block (45), a threaded rod (47) is fixedly mounted on the upper side of the limiting rod (46), the distance between the threaded rod (47) and the weighting plate (39) is matched with the width of the counterweight block (7), a threaded sleeve (48) is sleeved on the threaded rod (47), an insertion hole (49) is provided on the counterweight block (7), a U-shaped groove (50) is provided on the counterweight block (7), the limiting rod (46) is inserted into the insertion hole (49), and the size of the U-shaped groove (50) is matched with the size of the fixing rod (44).

9. The method for using the detection sampling device for water conservancy projects according to claim 8, characterized in that: The rope is fixed to the rope hook (41), and the water collecting cylinder (1) is placed in water. At this time, the water collecting cylinder (1) sinks. The counterweight block (7) is placed on the conical block (45) to increase the weight of the water collecting cylinder (1). Then, the rotating motor (10) is started to cause the pressure plate (4) to rise. At this time, the air in the water collecting cylinder (1) is discharged from the air jet hole (19). Under the guidance of the air jet hole (19), the air discharge drives the rotating disk (18) and the fan blade (6) to rotate so that the water collecting cylinder (1) can sink quickly. Then, the pressure plate (4) continues to rise, causing the shielding ring (3) to rise and cause the water inlet trough (2) to open, and water samples are collected. Then, the pressure plate (4) moves downward to drive the shielding ring (3) to move and close the water inlet trough (2).

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