End milling cutter with gradient cutting edge shape and grinding method thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a gradual-edge-shaped end mill and a grinding method thereof, and relates to the technical field of metal cutting. The present invention comprehensively evaluates the cutting load, temperature and vibration amplitude of the tool through multi-dimensional data collection, and overcomes the limitations of traditional methods; secondly, life evaluation criteria and warning thresholds are set to form a scientific evaluation system, and the evaluation accuracy and tool life are improved; at the same time, the combination of preliminary adjustment and fine-tuning strategies enhances the adaptability of the tool under complex conditions, ensuring that it is always in the best working state; finally, through the fine-tuning of the adjustment index, the coordinated optimization of multiple parameters is achieved, the tool performance is improved and the application scope is broadened, providing an effective solution for high-precision machining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of metal cutting, in particular to an end mill with a gradient cutting edge shape and a grinding method thereof. Background Art

[0002] When traditional milling cutters are cutting nickel-based high-temperature alloys, due to the large cutting force, the chips are not easy to be discontinuous, and long filaments are easily generated, which will cause greater stress and wear on the tool. In the cutting process, the chips are easy to adhere to the tool edge, causing the tool load to increase. In addition, due to the fact that the chips are not easy to break and the tool wear is serious, the cutting process is not smooth enough, resulting in poor surface quality and precision of the workpiece. Existing research mainly focuses on the influence of the edge shape on the cutting force, cutting temperature and cutting vibration. However, due to the lack of systematic optimization and verification methods, there are still some technical bottlenecks.

[0003] In the prior art, the publication number is CN117972887A, and the name is a method and system for modeling the cutting force of unequal-gradient spiral milling cutters. By differentiating the helix angle variable, the milling cutter is divided into several cutting edge micro-elements, and the deformation process of the workpiece during the milling process is equivalent to a variable-section stepped cantilever beam model to calculate the instantaneous cutting thickness. The micro-element force considering the deformation of the workpiece is calculated using the elastic deformation amount; the friction effect force model is introduced to calculate the tool wear micro-element force; the micro-element force considering the deformation is summed with the tool wear micro-element force and integrated within the helix angle range to obtain the milling force model of frame beam parts cut by unequal-gradient spiral cutters with different wear degrees. In view of the problem that the helix angle of each edge line of the unequal-gradient spiral cutter is a variable, which makes the cutting force model based on axial differentiation inapplicable, based on the mechanical type II mechanics model, it is proposed to calculate the micro-element cutting force with the helix angle as the differential object, and establish a dynamic milling force model of the cutting process of unequal-gradient spiral cutters.

[0004] In traditional methods, the performance evaluation of gradient cutting edges mostly relies on experience or a single indicator, lacking systematic data analysis and optimization strategies, which makes it difficult to achieve the optimal cutting edge design. Secondly, the existing evaluation standards and parameter settings usually do not fully consider the complexity of different processing conditions, resulting in the difficulty in predicting and controlling the cutting edge life and processing stability in practical applications. In addition, for the coordinated optimization of multiple parameters, the existing technology also lacks effective methods to achieve the balance and adjustment between multiple parameters;

[0005] The above information disclosed in the above Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the present disclosure and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide an end mill with a gradient cutting edge shape and a grinding method thereof, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A method for grinding an end mill with a gradient cutting edge shape is applied to a tool having a cutter head, a cutting edge, a cutting edge and an end cutting edge, and the specific steps include:

[0009] Step S1: for the same part to be processed, using several groups of end mills with different gradient cutting edge shapes to perform actual processing experiments under the same cutting conditions, so as to collect cutting state data of the end mills with different gradient cutting edge shapes on the part to be processed, wherein the gradient cutting edge shape includes cutting edge width and cutting edge angle, and the cutting state data includes cutting load parameters, cutting temperature parameters and cutting vibration amplitude parameters acting on the cutting edge;

[0010] Step S2: according to experimental verification or expert group evaluation, a life judgment standard is set for the end mills with different gradient cutting edge shapes in step S1, and the life judgment standard is used to set a reference value and a warning threshold for each parameter included in the cutting state data, and the warning threshold value ranges from 0% to 100%; and based on these reference values ​​and warning thresholds, a preliminary adjustment strategy for the gradient cutting edge shape is generated, and the gradient cutting edge shape of the end mill is adjusted based on the preliminary adjustment strategy;

[0011] Step S3: using the adjusted end mill to perform an actual cutting experiment, while continuously monitoring cutting state data during the cutting experiment;

[0012] Step S4: comparing and analyzing the cutting state data obtained in step S3 with the corresponding reference value and warning threshold in step S2, and selecting the parameters exceeding the warning threshold set by the corresponding reference value from the cutting load parameters, cutting temperature parameters and cutting vibration amplitude parameters;

[0013] Step S5: combining and analyzing the cutting load, cutting temperature and cutting vibration amplitude parameters included in the cutting state data in step S3 to generate an adjustment index, wherein the adjustment index is used to provide a fine-tuning strategy for the gradual cutting edge shape of the end mill according to the cutting state data screened in step S4, and to adjust the gradual cutting edge shape of the end mill based on the fine-tuning strategy;

[0014] Step S6: Repeat steps S3 to S5 until the cutting load parameters, cutting temperature parameters and cutting vibration amplitude parameters included in the cutting state data all meet the corresponding life judgment criteria.

[0015] Furthermore, for the cutting load evaluation criteria:

[0016] The initial cutting load parameter of each tool with a gradient cutting edge shape is used as a reference value. When the main cutting force or the side cutting force changes beyond the first warning threshold of the reference value, the tool is judged to be in a state of imminent wear, and the tool gradient cutting edge shape is adjusted.

[0017] The first alert threshold is set at 30%;

[0018] The main cutting force and side cutting force at the tth moment are set to be CLm(t) and CLs(t) respectively;

[0019] The initial main cutting force and the initial side cutting force are marked as CLm(0) and CLs(0) respectively. When the main cutting force CLm(t) or CLs(t) meets the following conditions at any moment, the wear warning is entered, and the initial adjustment strategy is to reduce the cutting edge width RKd or increase the cutting edge angle RKj;

[0020]

[0021]

[0022] For the judgment criteria of cutting temperature parameters:

[0023] The reference value of the cutting temperature parameter is set as the initial temperature CT(0). When the cutting temperature parameter exceeds the second warning threshold of the initial temperature, it indicates that the thermal fatigue of the tool increases, and a temperature warning is entered to trigger the adjustment of the tool's gradual cutting edge shape.

[0024] The second alert threshold is set at 20%;

[0025] The cutting temperature at the tth moment is marked as CT(t);

[0026] When satisfied When the tool thermal fatigue enters the warning state, only the cutting edge width RKd is increased and adjusted;

[0027] For the judgment criteria of cutting vibration amplitude:

[0028] The reference value of the cutting vibration amplitude parameter is set as the initial vibration amplitude CV(0). When the cutting vibration amplitude parameter increases and exceeds the third warning threshold of the initial vibration amplitude, the tool is in an unstable vibration state, and then enters a vibration warning state, triggering the tool gradual edge shape adjustment.

[0029] The cutting vibration amplitude parameter at the tth moment is set to CV(t); the third warning threshold is 50%;

[0030] When satisfied When cutting, reduce the cutting edge angle.

[0031] Furthermore, the cutting state data obtained in step S3 is compared and analyzed with the corresponding reference value and warning threshold in step S2, and the parameters exceeding the warning threshold set by the corresponding reference value are screened out from the cutting load, cutting temperature and cutting vibration amplitude parameters, specifically including:

[0032] Based on the cutting load evaluation criteria, the main cutting force exceeding the first warning threshold of the initial main cutting force is marked as CLm′(t+1);

[0033] Based on the cutting load evaluation criteria, the side cutting force exceeding the first warning threshold of the initial side cutting force is marked as CLs′(t+1);

[0034] Based on the cutting temperature parameter evaluation criteria, the cutting temperature parameter exceeding the second warning threshold of the initial temperature is marked as CT′(t+1);

[0035] Based on the cutting vibration amplitude evaluation standard, the cutting vibration amplitude parameter exceeding the third warning threshold of the initial vibration amplitude is marked as CV′(t+1).

[0036] Further, the adjustment index is used to provide a fine-tuning strategy for the preliminary adjustment strategy according to the cutting state data screened in step S4, specifically including:

[0037] Define the adjustment index as AI total , the calculation formula is as follows:

[0038]

[0039] Among them, AI CL is the cutting load adjustment index, which characterizes the relative change of cutting load parameters. CL The calculation formula is as follows:

[0040]

[0041] Among them, η1 is a positive constant, 0.08≤η1≤0.65, which is used to ensure AI CL Greater than 0;

[0042] AI CT It is the cutting temperature adjustment index, which represents the change of cutting temperature. CT The calculation formula is as follows:

[0043]

[0044] Among them, η2 is a positive constant, 0.03≤η2≤0.53, which is used to ensure AI CT Greater than 0;

[0045] AI CVIt is the cutting vibration adjustment index, which characterizes the change of cutting vibration. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0046]

[0047] Among them, η3 is a positive constant, 0.011≤η3≤0.71, which is used to ensure AI CV Greater than 0;

[0048] Provide fine-tuning strategies for the initial adjustment strategy, including:

[0049] Determine the cutting state data above the warning threshold in step S4, sort the parameters existing in CLm′(t+1), CLs′(t+1), CT′(t+1), and CV′(t+1) in descending order, and adjust the allocation ratio of the corresponding weight coefficient according to the sorting result. The adjustment strategy is as follows;

[0050] When either CLm′(t+1) or CLs′(t+1) ranks first, w1 increases by 10% of the current value, and w2 and w3 decrease by the same amount to ensure that w1+w2+w3=1;

[0051] When CT′(t+1) ranks first, w2 increases by 10% of the current value, and w1 and w3 decrease by the same amount to ensure that w1+w2+w3=1;

[0052] When CV′(t+1) ranks first, w3 increases by 10% of the current value, and w1 and w2 decrease by the same amount to ensure that w1+w2+w3=1;

[0053] The adjustment formula of the cutting edge width RKd(t+1) after the preliminary adjustment strategy is:

[0054]

[0055] Among them, ΔRKd% is the width adjustment percentage based on the adjustment index; RKd′(t+1) is the edge width after fine-tuning strategy adjustment;

[0056] The adjustment formula of the cutting edge angle RKj(t+1) after the preliminary adjustment strategy is:

[0057]

[0058] Among them, ΔRKj° is the angle adjustment degree based on the adjustment index; RKj′(t+1) is the cutting edge angle after fine-tuning strategy adjustment.

[0059] Further, until the cutting state data including parameters meet the corresponding life judgment criteria, the specific stopping conditions include:

[0060] According to the cutting load parameter evaluation criteria, Stop cycle condition as cutting load parameter;

[0061] According to the cutting temperature parameter evaluation criteria, Stop cycle condition as cutting temperature parameter;

[0062] According to the cutting vibration amplitude parameter evaluation criteria, The cutting vibration amplitude parameter is used as the stop cycle condition.

[0063] A gradual edge shape end mill, the gradual edge shape end mill is used to perform the gradual edge shape end mill grinding method, comprising:

[0064] The tool also includes a shank and a chip flute;

[0065] The cutter head is provided with at least four cutting edges, the front of the cutting edge is provided with a chip removal groove, the rear of the cutting edge is provided with a cutting edge and an end edge, the bottom of the cutter head is provided with a bottom edge intersecting with the cutting edge, the cutting edge changes gradually along the guide line, and the cutting edges on at least four cutting edges are arranged alternately with odd-numbered cutting edges and even-numbered cutting edges, and the shapes of the odd-numbered cutting edges and the even-numbered cutting edges are arranged in opposite changes;

[0066] The bottom of the cutter head is provided with a bottom edge intersecting with the cutting edge, and at least four cutting edges are evenly spaced and distributed in the axial direction of the cutter head;

[0067] The cutting edge is an inclined plane, and the edges on both sides of the cutting edge are gradually inclined inward along the guide line toward the inside, and the width of the cutting edge is the distance from the end cutting edge side to the handle side gradually narrowing;

[0068] The guide line is formed by connecting the fastest curve segment and the circular arc segment; the circular arc segment is located between the fastest curve segments, so that the changing speed of the cutting edge width is gradually reduced.

[0069] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: through multi-dimensional data collection, the cutting load, temperature and vibration amplitude of the tool are comprehensively evaluated, overcoming the limitations of the traditional method; secondly, the life evaluation criteria and warning thresholds are set to form a scientific evaluation system, which improves the evaluation accuracy and tool life; at the same time, the combination of preliminary adjustment and fine-tuning strategies enhances the adaptability of the tool under complex conditions and ensures that it is always in the best working state; finally, through the fine-tuning of the adjustment index, the coordinated optimization of multiple parameters is achieved, the tool performance is improved and the application range is broadened, providing an effective solution for high-precision processing; these beneficial effects significantly improve the processing efficiency and quality, and overcome the shortcomings of the prior art;

[0070] The gradual change design of the cutting edge shape realizes the effect of layered cutting from the coarser part to the finer part of the tool, which improves the adaptability of the tool and realizes a good transition from rough cutting to fine cutting, which is beneficial to improve the chip breaking effect during the cutting process and prevent the tool from sticking.

[0071] The gradual change of the cutting edge shape can also reduce the load on each cutting edge, thereby reducing the cutting load of the tool, slowing down tool wear and increasing tool life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0072] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall method flow of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an end mill with a gradient cutting edge shape according to the present invention;

[0074] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the blade area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0075] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0076] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0077] Embodiment 1:

[0078] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0079] A method for grinding an end mill with a gradient cutting edge shape, the method is applied to a tool having a cutter head 2, a cutting edge 3, a cutting edge 5 and an end edge 6, and the specific steps include:

[0080] Step S1: for the same part to be processed, using several groups of end mills with different gradient cutting edge shapes to perform actual processing experiments under the same cutting conditions, so as to collect cutting state data of the end mills with different gradient cutting edge shapes on the part to be processed, wherein the gradient cutting edge shape includes cutting edge width and cutting edge angle, and the cutting state data includes cutting load parameters, cutting temperature parameters and cutting vibration amplitude parameters acting on the cutting edge;

[0081] Step S2: according to experimental verification or expert group evaluation, a life judgment standard is set for the end mills with different gradient cutting edge shapes in step S1, and the life judgment standard is used to set a reference value and a warning threshold for each parameter included in the cutting state data, and the warning threshold value ranges from 0% to 100%; and based on these reference values ​​and warning thresholds, a preliminary adjustment strategy for the gradient cutting edge shape is generated, and the gradient cutting edge shape of the end mill is adjusted based on the preliminary adjustment strategy;

[0082] Step S3: using the adjusted end mill to perform an actual cutting experiment, while continuously monitoring cutting state data during the cutting experiment;

[0083] Step S4: comparing and analyzing the cutting state data obtained in step S3 with the corresponding reference value and warning threshold in step S2, and selecting the parameters exceeding the warning threshold set by the corresponding reference value from the cutting load parameters, cutting temperature parameters and cutting vibration amplitude parameters;

[0084] Step S5: combining and analyzing the cutting load, cutting temperature and cutting vibration amplitude parameters included in the cutting state data in step S3 to generate an adjustment index, wherein the adjustment index is used to provide a fine-tuning strategy for the gradual cutting edge shape of the end mill according to the cutting state data screened in step S4, and to adjust the gradual cutting edge shape of the end mill based on the fine-tuning strategy;

[0085] Step S6: Repeat steps S3 to S5 until the cutting load parameters, cutting temperature parameters and cutting vibration amplitude parameters included in the cutting state data all meet the corresponding life judgment criteria.

[0086] Further explanation: collecting cutting state data of end mills with different gradient cutting edge shapes on the workpiece to be processed includes:

[0087] Determine the material of the part to be processed and its specific processing requirements; based on the part material and processing requirements, including surface roughness and processing accuracy, preliminarily select the parameter range that meets the gradient edge shape; the gradient edge shape includes two key parameters: edge width and edge angle; mark the edge width and edge angle as RKd and RKj respectively;

[0088] According to the machining accuracy requirements of parts, the initial range of the cutting edge width is set to 0.1mm≤RKd≤0.5mm;

[0089] The range of cutting edge angle is 10°≤RKj≤40°;

[0090] According to the above parameter range of the gradient edge shape, end mills with different edge shapes are selected, and gradient edge end mills with different shapes are prepared in the grinding process; in this embodiment, at least three groups of end mills with different edge widths and angles are selected, and the specific selection is as follows:

[0091] The first group: cutting edge width 0.1mm, cutting edge angle 10°;

[0092] The second group: cutting edge width 0.3mm, cutting edge angle 25°;

[0093] The third group: cutting edge width 0.54mm, cutting edge angle 40°;

[0094] Carry out cutting experiments on the parts to be processed on the CNC milling machine; use each set of end mills for processing, maintain the same cutting speed, feed rate and cutting depth conditions to ensure the comparability of the experimental data;

[0095] The cutting load parameters acting on the tool during the cutting process of each end mill are measured in real time by force sensors. The cutting load parameters include main cutting force and side cutting force.

[0096] Main cutting force: It is the cutting force along the main cutting edge of the tool, which is mainly responsible for the cutting of materials;

[0097] Side cutting force: It is the cutting force perpendicular to the main cutting direction, which mainly affects the stability of the tool and the vibration during the cutting process;

[0098] Use infrared thermal imagers or embedded thermocouple sensors to monitor cutting temperature parameters at the tool edge;

[0099] The cutting vibration amplitude parameters of the tool during the cutting process are recorded by a three-dimensional vibration sensor.

[0100] It is further explained that the life evaluation criteria are used to set the reference value and warning threshold for each parameter included in the cutting state data, and the warning threshold value ranges from 0% to 100%; and based on these reference values ​​and warning thresholds, a preliminary adjustment strategy for the gradual edge shape is generated, specifically including:

[0101] The life evaluation criteria include: cutting load evaluation criteria, cutting temperature parameter evaluation criteria and cutting vibration amplitude evaluation criteria;

[0102] The cutting load parameters, cutting temperature parameters and cutting vibration amplitude parameters of end mills with different gradient edge shapes were collected through experiments; the initial conditions of each experiment were strictly consistent to ensure the comparability of the data; all data were measured using standardized equipment and quantified in the form of percentage %; the cutting load parameters, cutting temperature parameters and cutting vibration amplitude parameters were marked as CL, CT, and CV respectively, among which the main cutting force and side cutting force included in the cutting load parameters were marked as CLm and CLs respectively; the warning thresholds of the cutting load parameters, cutting temperature parameters and cutting vibration amplitude parameters were set as the first warning threshold, the second warning threshold and the third warning threshold respectively; the first warning threshold, the second warning threshold and the third warning threshold were adjusted according to the experimental data obtained by the expert group;

[0103] The cutting edge width and cutting edge angle adjusted by the preliminary adjustment strategy are marked as RKd(t+1) and RKj(t+1) respectively; t+1 in RKd(t+1) and RKj(t+1) is the actual cutting experiment time of step S3 after adjustment;

[0104] For the evaluation criteria of cutting load parameters:

[0105] The main cutting force and side cutting force of the tool will directly affect the wear rate of the tool; experimental data analysis shows that with the increase of use time, the cutting load will increase, which is manifested as an increase in cutting force; therefore, a reference value is selected. When the main cutting force or side cutting force exceeds the first warning threshold of the reference value, it indicates that the tool wear is aggravated and the service life is approaching the end;

[0106] The initial cutting load parameter of each tool with a gradient cutting edge shape is used as a reference value. When the main cutting force or the side cutting force changes beyond the first warning threshold of the reference value, the tool is judged to be in a state of imminent wear, and the tool gradient cutting edge shape is adjusted.

[0107] The first alert threshold is set at 30%;

[0108] The main cutting force and side cutting force at the tth moment are set to be CLm(t) and CLs(t) respectively;

[0109] The initial main cutting force and the initial side cutting force are marked as CLm(0) and CLs(0) respectively. When the main cutting force CLm(t) or CLs(t) meets the following conditions at any moment, the wear warning is entered, and the initial adjustment strategy is to reduce the cutting edge width RKd or increase the cutting edge angle RKj;

[0110]

[0111]

[0112] Cutting edge width reduced by 10%:

[0113] RKd(t+1)=RKd(t)×(1-10%)

[0114] Among them, RKd(t+1) and RKd(t) are the edge widths at adjacent times t+1 and t respectively;

[0115] Cutting edge angle increased by 5°:

[0116] RKj(t+1)=RKj(t)+5°

[0117] Among them, RKj(t+1) and RKj(t) are the cutting edge angles at adjacent moments t+1 and t respectively;

[0118] For the judgment criteria of cutting temperature parameters:

[0119] The cutting edge of the tool is subjected to high temperatures during the cutting process. When the tool temperature continues to rise, the thermal fatigue of the tool will be aggravated, resulting in a shortened service life. Experimental data show that as the cutting time increases, the cutting temperature of the tool shows an upward trend.

[0120] The reference value of the cutting temperature parameter is set as the initial temperature CT(0). When the cutting temperature parameter exceeds the second warning threshold of the initial temperature, it indicates that the thermal fatigue of the tool increases, and a temperature warning is entered to trigger the adjustment of the tool's gradual cutting edge shape.

[0121] The second alert threshold is set at 20%;

[0122] The cutting temperature at the tth moment is marked as CT(t);

[0123] When satisfied When the tool thermal fatigue enters the warning state, only the cutting edge width RKd is increased to reduce temperature accumulation;

[0124] 15% increase in cutting edge width:

[0125] RKd(t+1)=RKd(t)×(1+15%)

[0126] Among them, RKd(t+1) and RKd(t) are the edge widths at adjacent times t+1 and t respectively;

[0127] For the judgment criteria of cutting vibration amplitude parameters:

[0128] The cutting vibration amplitude parameter is an important factor affecting machining accuracy and tool stability. When the cutting vibration amplitude parameter exceeds a certain threshold, it is easy to cause tool chipping or workpiece surface quality degradation.

[0129] The reference value of the cutting vibration amplitude parameter is set as the initial vibration amplitude CV(0). When the cutting vibration amplitude parameter increases and exceeds the third warning threshold of the initial vibration amplitude, the tool is in an unstable vibration state, and then enters a vibration warning state, triggering the tool gradual edge shape adjustment.

[0130] The cutting vibration amplitude parameter at the tth moment is set to CV(t); the third warning threshold is 50%;

[0131] When satisfied When cutting, the cutting edge angle is reduced; it can increase the stable contact between the tool and the workpiece, thereby reducing tool vibration and improving tool stability;

[0132] Cutting edge angle reduced by 10°:

[0133] RKj(t+1)=RKj(t)-10°

[0134] Among them, RKj(t+1) and RKj(t) are the cutting edge angles at adjacent moments t+1 and t respectively;

[0135] After the above adjustments, the cutting load parameters, cutting temperature parameters and cutting vibration amplitude parameters were retested, and the gradient cutting edge shape with the best performance in the above three indicators was gradually selected; the final cutting edge shape should have lower cutting force, stable cutting temperature and smaller vibration amplitude, as the final tool shape scheme for this design; the cutting edge width and angle corresponding to the final design scheme are:

[0136] Optimal RKd = initial value ± adjustment range;

[0137] Optimum RKj = initial value ± adjustment range.

[0138] Further explanation: obtaining a preliminary adjustment strategy to optimize the gradient edge shape of the end mill, and using the adjusted end mill to conduct actual cutting experiments, while continuously monitoring the cutting state data during the cutting experiment, specifically including:

[0139] The cutting state data monitored at the actual cutting experiment time t+1 in step S3 are marked to form CLm(t+1), CLs(t+1), CT(t+1), and CV(t+1).

[0140] Further explanation: the cutting state data obtained in step S3 is compared and analyzed with the corresponding reference value and warning threshold in step S2, and the parameters exceeding the warning threshold set by the corresponding reference value are screened out from the cutting load, cutting temperature and cutting vibration amplitude parameters, specifically including:

[0141] Based on the cutting load parameter evaluation criteria, the main cutting force that exceeds the first warning threshold of the initial main cutting force is marked as CLm′(t+1);

[0142] Based on the cutting load parameter evaluation criteria, the side cutting force exceeding the first warning threshold of the initial side cutting force is marked as CLs′(t+1);

[0143] Based on the cutting temperature parameter evaluation criteria, the cutting temperature parameter exceeding the second warning threshold of the initial temperature is marked as CT′(t+1);

[0144] Based on the cutting vibration amplitude parameter evaluation standard, the cutting vibration amplitude parameter exceeding the third warning threshold of the initial vibration amplitude is marked as CV′(t+1).

[0145] Further explanation: the adjustment index is used to provide a fine-tuning strategy for the preliminary adjustment strategy according to the cutting state data screened in step S4, specifically including:

[0146] Define the adjustment index as AI total , the calculation formula is as follows:

[0147]

[0148] Among them, AI CL is the cutting load adjustment index, which characterizes the relative change of cutting load parameters. CL The calculation formula is as follows:

[0149]

[0150] Among them, η1 is a positive constant, 0.08≤η1≤0.65, which is used to ensure AI CL Greater than 0; the specific value of η1 is determined by the expert group through experimental data;

[0151] AI CT It is the cutting temperature adjustment index, which represents the change of cutting temperature. CT The calculation formula is as follows:

[0152]

[0153] Among them, η2 is a positive constant, 0.03≤η2≤0.53, which is used to ensure AI CT Greater than 0; the specific value of η2 is determined by the expert group through experimental data;

[0154] AI CV It is the cutting vibration adjustment index, which characterizes the change of cutting vibration. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0155]

[0156] Among them, η3 is a positive constant, 0.011≤η3≤0.71, which is used to ensure AI CV Greater than 0; the specific value of η3 is determined by the expert group through experimental data; w1, w2, w3 are weight coefficients, Determined by the priority during cutting and by the expert group;

[0157] Provide fine-tuning strategies for the initial adjustment strategy, including:

[0158] Determine the cutting state data above the warning threshold in step S4, sort the parameters existing in CLm′(t+1), CLs′(t+1), CT′(t+1), and CV′(t+1) in descending order, and adjust the allocation ratio of the corresponding weight coefficient according to the sorting result. The adjustment strategy is as follows;

[0159] When either CLm′(t+1) or CLs′(t+1) ranks first, w1 increases by 10% of the current value, and w2 and w3 decrease by the same amount to ensure that w1+w2+w3=1;

[0160] When CT′(t+1) ranks first, w2 increases by 10% of the current value, and w1 and w3 decrease by the same amount to ensure that w1+w2+w3=1;

[0161] When CV′(t+1) ranks first, w3 increases by 10% of the current value, and w1 and w2 decrease by the same amount to ensure that w1+w2+w3=1;

[0162] The adjustment formula of the cutting edge width RKd(t+1) after the preliminary adjustment strategy is:

[0163]

[0164] Among them, ΔRKd% is the width adjustment percentage based on the adjustment index; RKd′(t+1) is the edge width after fine-tuning strategy adjustment;

[0165] The adjustment formula of the cutting edge angle RKj(t+1) after the preliminary adjustment strategy is:

[0166]

[0167] Among them, ΔRKj° is the angle adjustment degree based on the adjustment index; RKj′(t+1) is the cutting edge angle after fine-tuning strategy adjustment.

[0168] 1) AI-based CL The initial adjustment strategy of the width RKd and the angle RKj in step S4 is subdivided and adjusted according to different numerical ranges of:

[0169] When AI CL When <0.1, the load changes slightly;

[0170] The initial adjustment strategy is: reduce RKd by 10% and increase RKj by 5°;

[0171] The fine-tuning strategy is: reduce the adjustment range according to the adjustment index;

[0172] RKd(t+1) adjustment: ΔRKd% = -5%

[0173] RKj(t+1) adjustment: ΔRKj°=+2°;

[0174] When 0.1≤AI CL When ≤0.3, the load increases significantly, and the adjustment range is as follows;

[0175] The initial adjustment strategy is: reduce RKd by 10% and increase RKj by 5°;

[0176] The fine-tuning strategy is: maintain the initial adjustment range according to the adjustment index;

[0177] RKd(t+1) adjustment: ΔRKd% = -10%

[0178] RKj(t+1) adjustment: ΔRKj°=+5°;

[0179] When AI CL When the load increases sharply, the following adjustments are required:

[0180] The initial adjustment strategy is: reduce RKd by 15% and increase RKj by 8°;

[0181] The fine-tuning strategy is: increase the adjustment range according to the adjustment index;

[0182] RKd(t+1) adjustment: ΔRKd% = +18%

[0183] RKj(t+1) adjustment: ΔRKj°=+9°;

[0184] 2) AI-based CT In different intervals, the initial adjustment strategy is fine-tuned as follows:

[0185] When AICT < 0.05, the temperature change is small and the fine-tuning range is small;

[0186] The initial adjustment strategy is: increase RKd by 15%;

[0187] The fine-tuning strategy is: reduce the adjustment range;

[0188] RKd(t+1) adjustment: ΔRKd% = +3%

[0189] RKj(t+1) remains unchanged;

[0190] When 0.05≤AICT≤0.15, the temperature rises and needs moderate adjustment;

[0191] The initial adjustment strategy is: increase RKd by 15%;

[0192] The fine-tuning strategy is: appropriately increase the adjustment range according to the index;

[0193] RKd(t+1) adjustment: ΔRKd% = +17%

[0194] RKj(t+1) remains unchanged;

[0195] When AI_CT>0.15, the temperature rises significantly and needs to be adjusted significantly;

[0196] The initial adjustment strategy is: increase RKd by 20%;

[0197] The fine-tuning strategy is: further increase the adjustment range;

[0198] RKd(t+1) adjustment: ΔRKd%=+22%;

[0199] RKj(t+1) remains unchanged;

[0200] 3) AI-based CV In different intervals, the initial adjustment strategy is fine-tuned as follows:

[0201] When AI CV When <0.2, the vibration changes slightly and the fine-tuning amplitude is small;

[0202] The initial adjustment strategy is: reduce RKj10°;

[0203] The fine-tuning strategy is: reduce the adjustment range;

[0204] RKj(t+1) adjustment: ΔRKj°=-3°;

[0205] RKd(t+1) remains unchanged;

[0206] When 0.2≤AI CV When ≤0.5, the vibration increase is significant and moderate adjustment is required;

[0207] The initial adjustment strategy is: reduce RKj10°;

[0208] The fine-tuning strategy is: maintain the initial adjustment range;

[0209] RKj(t+1) adjustment: ΔRKj°=-10°;

[0210] RKd(t+1) remains unchanged;

[0211] When AI CV When the value is greater than 0.5, the vibration increases dramatically and needs to be adjusted significantly;

[0212] The initial adjustment strategy is: reduce RKj15°;

[0213] The fine-tuning strategy is: increase the adjustment range;

[0214] RKj(t+1) adjustment: ΔRKj°=-18°;

[0215] RKd(t+1) remains unchanged.

[0216] Further explanation: until the cutting state data including parameters meet the corresponding life judgment standard, the specific stopping conditions include:

[0217] According to the cutting load evaluation criteria, Stop cycle condition as cutting load parameter;

[0218] According to the cutting temperature parameter evaluation criteria, Stop cycle condition as cutting temperature parameter;

[0219] According to the cutting vibration amplitude parameter evaluation criteria, The cutting vibration amplitude parameter is used as the stop cycle condition.

[0220] Embodiment 2: A gradient cutting edge end mill, the gradient cutting edge end mill is used to perform a gradient cutting edge end mill grinding method, comprising:

[0221] The tool also includes a tool handle 1 and a chip removal groove 4;

[0222] The cutter head 2 is provided with at least four cutting edges 3, the front of the cutting edge 3 is provided with a chip removal groove 4, the rear of the cutting edge 3 is provided with a cutting edge 5 and an end edge 6, the bottom of the cutter head 2 is provided with a bottom edge intersecting with the cutting edge 3, the cutting edge 5 changes gradually along the guide line, and the cutting edges 5 on at least four cutting edges 3 are arranged alternately with odd-numbered cutting edges and even-numbered cutting edges, and the shapes of the odd-numbered cutting edges and the even-numbered cutting edges are arranged in opposite changes;

[0223] The bottom of the cutter head 2 is provided with a bottom edge intersecting with the cutting edge 3, and at least four cutting edges 3 are evenly spaced and distributed in the axial direction of the cutter head 2;

[0224] From the tip to the tail of the tool, the cutting forces are balanced to effectively reduce vibration during cutting;

[0225] The cutting edge 5 is an inclined plane, and the edges on both sides of the cutting edge 5 are gradually inclined inward along the guide line toward the inside, so that the width of the cutting edge 5 gradually narrows from its bottom end to the handle 1 end. The inclination angle of the odd-numbered cutting edge gradually inclines from 10 degrees to 30 degrees, and the width of the cutting edge 5 is the distance from the end edge 6 side to the handle 1 side gradually narrowing; the cutting edge width gradually changes from 0.4mm to 0.8mm; at the same time, the shapes of the ends on both sides of the odd-numbered cutting edge change from a blunt shape to a pointed shape, and the shape changes of the even-numbered cutting edge and the odd-numbered cutting edge are set oppositely; the inclination angle of the even-numbered cutting edge gradually inclines from 30 degrees to 10 degrees, and the shapes of the ends on both sides of the even-numbered cutting edge change from a pointed shape to a blunt shape;

[0226] The shape of the cutting edge 5 gradually changes from a blunt shape to a pointed shape, so that the angle of the cutting edge 5 gradually increases, and the cutting edge 5 gradually changes from a blunt edge to a sharp shape, realizing a smooth evolution of the shape of the cutting edge 5; this gradual change design of the shape of the cutting edge 5 enables the tool to have versatility from rough machining to fine machining. The gradual change of the cutting edge 5 is conducive to improving the chip breaking effect during the cutting process and preventing the tool from sticking.

[0227] The guide line is formed by connecting the fastest curve segment and the circular arc segment; the fastest curve segment is located at both ends of the cutting edge 5 curve, so that the changing speed of the cutting edge width is the largest, and a rapid transition to different cutting effects is achieved; the circular arc segment is located between the fastest curve segments, so that the changing speed of the cutting edge width is gradually reduced, and a smooth change in cutting effect is achieved.

[0228] During the cutting process of the tool, when the cutter head 2 rotates at high speed, the end blade 6 and the cutting edge 5 cut the workpiece; the shape of the cutting edge 5 is an inclined surface formed by a semicircular curve sweeping along a guide curve, and both sides of the cutting edge 5 gradually tilt inward toward the inside, so that the width of the cutting edge gradually narrows from one end of the cutting edge to the other end; at the same time, the angle of the cutting edge 5 also gradually increases, and the shape of the cutting edge 5 becomes more and more sharp from relatively blunt;

[0229] Through the gradual change design of the shape of the cutting edge 5, from the coarser part to the finer part of the tool, a layered cutting effect from coarse to fine is achieved, so that the tool can perform both rough machining and fine machining during the cutting process. This design improves the adaptability of the tool, achieves a good transition from rough cutting to fine cutting, is conducive to improving the chip breaking effect during the cutting process, prevents the tool from sticking, and thus improves the overall cutting performance of the tool.

[0230] In this embodiment, the gradual change in the shape of the cutting edge 5 can play a role in gradually thinning the chips, reducing the bending rigidity of the chips, and facilitating the breaking of the chips. This can improve the problem that nickel-based high-temperature alloy chips are not easy to be discontinuous. And the gradual change in the shape of the cutting edge 5 can also reduce the load on each cutting edge 5, thereby reducing the cutting load of the tool, slowing down the tool wear and increasing the tool life. The discontinuous chips produced by the gradual change in the shape of the cutting edge 5 are conducive to chip discharge and avoid the impact of chip accumulation. Intermittent chips can also reduce cutting vibration and improve the stability of the cutting process. Since the cutting process is more stable, the surface quality and processing accuracy of the workpiece can be improved.

[0231] In this embodiment, the tool has a plurality of cutting edges 5, which are marked as odd-numbered cutting edges and even-numbered cutting edges, and the shape changes of the odd-numbered cutting edges are the same. The shape changes of the cutting edges 5 are set in the same way. However, the shape changes of the odd-numbered cutting edges and the even-numbered cutting edges are set in the opposite way. The two cutting edges 5 are designed to be symmetrical and change in opposite ways, so that the width of the odd-numbered cutting edges of the tool gradually narrows from one end of the cutting edge to the other end, and the width of the even-numbered cutting edges gradually widens from one end of the cutting edge to the other end, so as to achieve a mutual balance of cutting forces and effectively reduce vibration during the cutting process.

[0232] In this embodiment, the design of two cutting edges 5 with symmetrical shapes and opposite changes is adopted, which can balance the cutting forces and effectively reduce the vibration in the cutting process. The gradual opening shape of the cutting edge 5 from positive to negative can gradually thin the chips, promote chip breakage, and reduce the cutting load of each cutting edge 5. The opposite gradual changes of the two cutting edges 5 can balance the chip thickness, maintain a relatively uniform chip load, and avoid the impact of excessive chip thickness on a single cutting edge. The balance of cutting force and the uniformity of chip load improve the stability of the cutting process. Smoother cutting is conducive to obtaining better workpiece surface quality and precision. The double-edge gradual opening design rationally utilizes the principles of symmetry and gradual change to improve the cutting performance of nickel-based high-temperature alloys.

[0233] In this embodiment, the contact area between the back face of the tool and the front face of the tool and the contact state between the tool and the chips can be changed by changing the shape of the tool edge, thereby reducing the friction between the tool and the workpiece, changing the contact state between the tool and the chips, and reducing the probability of chip adhesion. And because the edge 5 adopts a gradual design, the contact area between a single edge and the chips can be gradually reduced. It can play a good role in preventing the tool from sticking, and directly reduce the cutting resistance during the cutting process. The anti-sticking knife can not only reduce the tool load, but also reduce chip accumulation and improve cutting stability. This is of great benefit to improving the cutting performance of difficult-to-cut materials such as nickel-based high-temperature alloys.

[0234] The above formulas are all dimensionless and numerical calculations. The formula is a formula for the most recent real situation obtained by collecting a large amount of data and performing software simulation. The preset parameters in the formula are set by technicians in this field according to actual conditions.

[0235] The above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any other combination. When implemented by software, the above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed by hardware or software methods depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0236] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, and may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0237] The above description is only a specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for grinding a milling cutter with a gradient cutting edge shape, the method being applied to a tool having a cutter head, a cutting edge, a cutting edge and an end cutting edge, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Step S1: for the same part to be processed, using several groups of end mills with different gradient cutting edge shapes to perform actual processing experiments under the same cutting conditions, so as to collect cutting state data of the end mills with different gradient cutting edge shapes on the part to be processed, wherein the gradient cutting edge shape includes cutting edge width and cutting edge angle, and the cutting state data includes cutting load parameters, cutting temperature parameters and cutting vibration amplitude parameters acting on the cutting edge; Mark the cutting edge width and cutting edge angle as RKd and RKj respectively; set the initial range of cutting edge width to 0.1mm≤RKd≤0.5mm; The range of cutting edge angle is 10°≤RKj≤40°; According to the above parameter range of the gradient cutting edge shape, end mills with different cutting edge shapes are selected, and gradient cutting edge end mills with different shapes are prepared in the grinding process; The cutting load parameters acting on the tool during the cutting process of each end mill are measured in real time by force sensors. The cutting load parameters include main cutting force and side cutting force. Use infrared thermal imagers or embedded thermocouple sensors to monitor cutting temperature parameters at the tool edge; The cutting vibration amplitude parameters of the tool during the cutting process are recorded by a three-dimensional vibration sensor; Step S2: according to experimental verification or expert group evaluation, a life judgment standard is set for the end mills with different gradient cutting edge shapes in step S1, and the life judgment standard is used to set a reference value and a warning threshold for each parameter included in the cutting state data, and the warning threshold value ranges from 0% to 100%; and based on these reference values ​​and warning thresholds, a preliminary adjustment strategy for the gradient cutting edge shape is generated, and the gradient cutting edge shape of the end mill is adjusted based on the preliminary adjustment strategy; The life evaluation criteria include: cutting load evaluation criteria, cutting temperature parameter evaluation criteria and cutting vibration amplitude evaluation criteria; The cutting load parameter, the cutting temperature parameter and the cutting vibration amplitude parameter are marked as CL, CT and CV respectively, wherein the main cutting force and the side cutting force included in the cutting load parameter are marked as CLm and CLs respectively; the warning thresholds of the cutting load parameter, the cutting temperature parameter and the cutting vibration amplitude parameter are set as the first warning threshold, the second warning threshold and the third warning threshold respectively; the first warning threshold, the second warning threshold and the third warning threshold are adjusted according to the experimental data obtained by the expert group; The cutting edge width and cutting edge angle adjusted by the preliminary adjustment strategy are marked as RKd(t+1) and RKj(t+1) respectively; t+1 in RKd(t+1) and RKj(t+1) is the actual cutting experiment time of the following step S3 after adjustment; Step S3: using the adjusted end mill to perform an actual cutting experiment, while continuously monitoring cutting state data during the cutting experiment; Step S4: comparing and analyzing the cutting state data obtained in step S3 with the corresponding reference value and warning threshold in step S2, and selecting the parameters exceeding the warning threshold set by the corresponding reference value from the cutting load parameters, cutting temperature parameters and cutting vibration amplitude parameters; Step S5: combining and analyzing the cutting load, cutting temperature and cutting vibration amplitude parameters included in the cutting state data in step S3 to generate an adjustment index, wherein the adjustment index is used to provide a fine-tuning strategy for the gradual cutting edge shape of the end mill according to the cutting state data screened in step S4, and to adjust the gradual cutting edge shape of the end mill based on the fine-tuning strategy; Step S6: Repeat steps S3 to S5 until the cutting load parameters, cutting temperature parameters and cutting vibration amplitude parameters included in the cutting state data all meet the corresponding life judgment criteria.

2. The method for grinding an end mill with a gradient cutting edge shape according to claim 1, characterized in that: For the cutting load evaluation criteria: The initial cutting load parameter of each tool with a gradient cutting edge shape is used as a reference value. When the main cutting force or the side cutting force changes beyond the first warning threshold of the reference value, the tool is judged to be in a state of imminent wear, and the tool gradient cutting edge shape is adjusted. The first alert threshold is set at 30%; The main cutting force and side cutting force at the tth moment are set to be CLm(t) and CLs(t) respectively; The initial main cutting force and the initial side cutting force are marked as CLm(0) and CLs(0) respectively. When the main cutting force CLm(t) or CLs(t) meets the following conditions at any moment, the wear warning is entered, and the initial adjustment strategy is to reduce the cutting edge width RKd or increase the cutting edge angle RKj; For the judgment criteria of cutting temperature parameters: The reference value of the cutting temperature parameter is set as the initial temperature CT(0). When the cutting temperature parameter exceeds the second warning threshold of the initial temperature, it indicates that the thermal fatigue of the tool increases, and a temperature warning is entered to trigger the adjustment of the tool's gradual cutting edge shape. The second alert threshold is set at 20%; The cutting temperature at the tth moment is marked as CT(t); When satisfied When the tool thermal fatigue enters the warning state, only the cutting edge width RKd is increased and adjusted; For the judgment criteria of cutting vibration amplitude: The reference value of the cutting vibration amplitude parameter is set as the initial vibration amplitude CV(0). When the cutting vibration amplitude parameter increases and exceeds the third warning threshold of the initial vibration amplitude, the tool is in an unstable vibration state, and then enters a vibration warning state, triggering the tool gradual edge shape adjustment. The cutting vibration amplitude parameter at the tth moment is set to CV(t); the third warning threshold is 50%; When satisfied When cutting, reduce the cutting edge angle.

3. The method for grinding a gradual-edge-shaped end mill according to claim 2, characterized in that: Obtain a preliminary adjustment strategy to optimize the gradient edge shape of the end mill, and use the adjusted end mill to conduct actual cutting experiments. Meanwhile, the cutting status data is continuously monitored during the cutting experiment, including: The cutting state data monitored at the actual cutting experiment time t+1 in step S3 are marked to form CLm(t+1), CLs(t+1), CT(t+1), and CV(t+1).

4. The method for grinding an end mill with a gradient cutting edge shape according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cutting state data obtained in step S3 is compared and analyzed with the corresponding reference value and warning threshold in step S2, and the parameters exceeding the warning threshold set by the corresponding reference value are screened out from the cutting load, cutting temperature and cutting vibration amplitude parameters, specifically including: Based on the cutting load evaluation criteria, the main cutting force exceeding the first warning threshold of the initial main cutting force is marked as CLm′(t+1); Based on the cutting load evaluation criteria, the side cutting force exceeding the first warning threshold of the initial side cutting force is marked as CLs′(t+1); Based on the cutting temperature parameter evaluation criteria, the cutting temperature parameter exceeding the second warning threshold of the initial temperature is marked as CT′(t+1); Based on the cutting vibration amplitude evaluation standard, the cutting vibration amplitude parameter exceeding the third warning threshold of the initial vibration amplitude is marked as CV′(t+1).

5. The method for grinding an end mill with a gradient cutting edge shape according to claim 4, characterized in that: The construction of the adjustment index includes: Define the adjustment index as AI total , the calculation formula is as follows: Among them, AI CL is the cutting load adjustment index, which characterizes the relative change of cutting load parameters. CL The calculation formula is as follows: Among them, η1 is a positive constant, 0.08≤η1≤0.65, which is used to ensure AI CL Greater than 0; AI CT It is the cutting temperature adjustment index, which represents the change of cutting temperature. CT The calculation formula is as follows: Among them, η2 is a positive constant, 0.03≤η2≤0.53, which is used to ensure AI CT Greater than 0; AI CV It is the cutting vibration adjustment index, which characterizes the change of cutting vibration. The calculation formula is as follows: Among them, η3 is a positive constant, 0.011≤η3≤0.71, which is used to ensure AI CV is greater than 0, and w1, w2, w3 are weight coefficients.

6. The method for grinding an end mill with a gradient cutting edge shape according to claim 5, characterized in that: The adjustment index is used to provide a fine-tuning strategy for the preliminary adjustment strategy according to the cutting state data screened in step S4, specifically including: Provide fine-tuning strategies for the initial adjustment strategy, including: Determine the cutting state data above the warning threshold in step S4, sort the parameters existing in CLm′(t+1), CLs′(t+1), CT′(t+1), and CV′(t+1) in descending order, and adjust the allocation ratio of the corresponding weight coefficient according to the sorting result. The adjustment strategy is as follows; When either CLm′(t+1) or CLs′(t+1) ranks first, w1 increases by 10% of the current value, and w2 and w3 decrease by the same amount to ensure that w1+w2+w3=1; When CT′(t+1) ranks first, w2 increases by 10% of the current value, and w1 and w3 decrease by the same amount to ensure that w1+w2+w3=1; When CV′(t+1) ranks first, w3 increases by 10% of the current value, and w1 and w2 decrease by the same amount to ensure that w1+w2+w3=1; The adjustment formula of the cutting edge width RKd(t+1) after the preliminary adjustment strategy is: Among them, ΔRKd% is the width adjustment percentage based on the adjustment index; RKd′(t+1) is the edge width after fine-tuning strategy adjustment; The adjustment formula of the cutting edge angle RKj(t+1) after the preliminary adjustment strategy is: Among them, ΔRKj° is the angle adjustment degree based on the adjustment index; RKj′(t+1) is the cutting edge angle after fine-tuning strategy adjustment.

7. The method for grinding an end mill with a gradient cutting edge shape according to claim 6, characterized in that: Until the cutting state data including parameters meet the corresponding life judgment criteria, the specific stop conditions include: According to the cutting load parameter evaluation criteria, Stop cycle condition as cutting load parameter; According to the cutting temperature parameter evaluation criteria, Stop cycle condition as cutting temperature parameter; According to the cutting vibration amplitude parameter evaluation criteria, The cutting vibration amplitude parameter is used as the stop cycle condition.

8. An end mill with a gradient cutting edge, characterized in that: The end mill with a gradient cutting edge shape is used to perform the method for grinding the end mill with a gradient cutting edge shape according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising: The tool also includes a shank and a chip flute; The cutter head is provided with at least four cutting edges, the front of the cutting edge is provided with a chip removal groove, the rear of the cutting edge is provided with a cutting edge and an end edge, the bottom of the cutter head is provided with a bottom edge intersecting with the cutting edge, the cutting edge changes gradually along the guide line, and the cutting edges on at least four cutting edges are arranged alternately with odd-numbered cutting edges and even-numbered cutting edges, and the shapes of the odd-numbered cutting edges and the even-numbered cutting edges are arranged in opposite changes; The bottom of the cutter head is provided with a bottom edge intersecting with the cutting edge, and at least four cutting edges are evenly spaced and distributed in the axial direction of the cutter head; The cutting edge is an inclined plane, and the edges on both sides of the cutting edge are gradually inclined inward along the guide line toward the inside, and the width of the cutting edge is the distance from the end cutting edge side to the handle side gradually narrowing; The guide line is formed by connecting the fastest curve segment and the circular arc segment; the circular arc segment is located between the fastest curve segments, so that the changing speed of the cutting edge width is gradually reduced.

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